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Guru Arjan, right, dictating the Adi Granth to Bhai Gurdas.
Guru Arjan, right, dictating the Adi Granth to Bhai Gurdas.
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Guru Arjan Dev Ji or Guru Arjun Dev Ji (Punjabi: ਗੁਰੂ ਅਰਜੁਨ ਦੇਵ) (born in Amritsar, Punjab, India on 15 April 1563 – 30 May 1606 Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan) was the fifth of the Eleven Gurus of Sikhism and became Guru on 1 September 1581 following in the footsteps of Guru Ram Das. Sikhism ( IPA: or; ਸਿੱਖੀ sikkhī, IPA:) founded on the teachings of Nanak and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century The history of Sikhism is closely associated with the History of Punjab, the socio-political situation in medieval India, and the social structures and Simran and Seva: These are the Foundation of Sikhism. It is the duty of every Sikh to practise Naam Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. Sikhism was established by Guru Nanak over the period of 1469 to 1708. Sikh Bhagats (ਭਗਤ from Sanskrit भक्त) refers to the saints and holy men of various faiths whose teachings are included in the Sikh holy book This article lists historical personalities who are important to the Sikh religion Mai Bhago (http//www The Sikh religious philosophy is covered in great detail in the Sri Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh holy text Ek On Kar Sikhs believe there is only one God who has infinite qualities and names The Sikhs must believe in the following values Equality All humans are equal before God – No discrimination is allowed on the basis of caste race sex creed There are a number of religious prohibitions in Sikhism Cutting Hair Cutting hair is strictly forbidden in Sikhism Naam: Or Naam Japo. Free service ( Seva) meditation and prayer ( Simran) sacred music ( Kirtan) prod concern = This is not an encyclopedic topic This is a list of random unrelated facts about Sikhism Gurbani is the term used by Sikhs to refer to any compositions of the Gurus Sikh practices are simple precise and practical guidelines laid out by the Gurus for the practice of the "Sikh way of life" The principal Sikh scripture is the Adi Granth (First Scripture) more commonly called the Guru Granth Sahib. The Sri Guru Granth Sahib ji (ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ gurū granth sāhib) or Guru Granth Sahib, is the eleventh and eternal Guru of the Adi Granth (or Aad Granth, literally "the first book" is the early compilation of the Sikh Scriptures by Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji the fifth The Dasven Patshah Da Granth (ਦਸਵੇ ਪਾਤਸ਼ਾਹ ਦਾ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ (book of the Tenth Emperor popularly known as Dasam Granth(ਦਸਮ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ This list is of topics related to Sikhs and Sikhism. Sikhism:CategorySikhism Sikhism Sikh Amritsar Punjabi (pa ਪੰਜਾਬੀ in Gurmukhi script pa-PK {{Nastaliq پنجابی}} in Shahmukhi script Pañjābī in Transliteration) is an Amritsar (ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ meaning The Lake of the Holy Nectar, is the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar District in the state Punjab (ਪੰਜਾਬ पंजाब pəɲdʒaːb is a state in northwest India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following ( lahor is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and is the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. The Punjab ( Urdu:) province of Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Sikhism was established by Guru Nanak over the period of 1469 to 1708. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Guru Ram Das (ਗੁਰੂ ਰਾਮ ਦਾਸ (Born in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan on 24 September, 1534 &ndash 1 September He was born at Goindval, and was the youngest of the sons of Guru Ram Das and Bibi Bhani, the daughter of Guru Amar Das[1]. Goindval (also known as Goindwal Sahib is a place in Amritsar district in the states of Punjab in India about 22 km Before his death, he nominated his son Har Gobind as the next Guru of the Sikhs.

Guru Arjan was head of Sikhism for a quarter of a century and accomplished a lot during his regime. Sikhism ( IPA: or; ਸਿੱਖੀ sikkhī, IPA:) founded on the teachings of Nanak and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century He completed the construction of Amritsar and founded other cities such as Taran Taran and Kartarpur. Amritsar (ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ meaning The Lake of the Holy Nectar, is the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar District in the state Kartarpur may refer to Kartarpur India, a town Kartarpur Pakistan, a village He constructed a Baoli at Lahore. ( lahor is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and is the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. The most important work of Arjan Dev was the compilation of Adi Granth. Adi Granth (or Aad Granth, literally "the first book" is the early compilation of the Sikh Scriptures by Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji the fifth He collected all the work of the first four Gurus and dictated it in the form of verses in 1604. It is, perhaps, the only kind of writing of a scriptural nature which has preserved without embellishments or misconstruction of the original writings of religious literatures. [2]

Guru Arjan organised the Masand system. The Sikhs were asked to pay one-tenth of their income to the Guru in future. He appointed representatives to collect the money. He encouraged his followers to trade in horses.

Contents

Life

Guru Arjan clearly understood the wide import of the teachings of Nanak and perceived how applicable they were to every state of life and to every condition of society. [3] He made Amritsar the proper seat of his followers and a centre which would attract the worldly longings for a material bond of union. The city became populous and a great place of pilgrimage of the Sikh people.

Composing the Adi Granth, he gave to his followers their fixed rule of religious and moral conduct. His starting of collection of offerings by way of Masand system, in a systematic way, accustomed them to a regular government. He traded in horses, though not extensively, and encouraged his followers to follow his example, to be as zealous in trade as they were in their faith. [4]

Guru Arjan became famous among his pious devotees and his biographers dwell on the number of Saints and Holy men who were edified by his instructions. A saint (from the Latin sanctus) is a human being to whom has been attributed (and who has generally demonstrated a high level of Holiness and Sanctity SACRED was a Cubesat built by the Student Satellite Program of the University of Arizona. [5] He was equally headed by men in high positions. During his time, the principles of Nanak took a firm hold on the minds of his followers. Guru Nanak Dev (ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਦੇਵ (गुरु नानक گرونانک Gurū Nānak ( 15 april 1469, Nankana Sahib

Compositions

Beside compiling the Adi Granth, Guru Arjan also composed a lot of hymns and included them in it. He appointed Bhai Buddha, who was a companion of Guru Nanak, as the chief priest of the Golden Temple. He placed the Adi Granth on the seat reserved for him and himself sat among his disciples. Sukhmani, one the most recited banis (sacred hymn) by Sikhs, was composed by Guru Arjan. Hymn from the Sukhmani Sahib (Guru Granth Sahib page 262):

Martyrdom of Guru Arjan

Relations between Akbar and Guru Arjan were cordial but things changed after the accession of Jahangir. Akbar redirects here For other uses see Akbar (disambiguation Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar ( Jalāl ud-Dīn Muhammad Akbar Nuruddin Salim Jahangir (full title Al-Sultan al-'Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram Khushru-i-Giti Panah Abu'l-Fath Nur ud-din Muhammad Jahangir Padshah Ghazi ''( September 20 Ultimately the Guru was tortured to death in 1605. [6] His end seems to have been hastened by the rigors in confinement; and Sikhs piously believe that, having obtained leave to bathe in the Ravi river, he vanished, to the fear and wonder of those guarding him. The Ravi River (रवि ਰਾਵੀ راوی is a River in Pakistan and India. [7]

Many reasons have been given for this tragedy. It is stated that Jahangir was annoyed because Guru Arjan gave his blessings to his rebel son, Prince Khasrau. Nuruddin Salim Jahangir (full title Al-Sultan al-'Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram Khushru-i-Giti Panah Abu'l-Fath Nur ud-din Muhammad Jahangir Padshah Ghazi ''( September 20 [8] Jahangir also did not like the growing popularity of Sikhism and took strong objection to conversion of Muslims to Sikhism. Sikhism ( IPA: or; ਸਿੱਖੀ sikkhī, IPA:) founded on the teachings of Nanak and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion [9]

There are also some accounts of Guru Arjan actively participating in the rebellion and being brought to court to answer the charges, at which time he endorsed the rebellion

“

Khusrau had received help from Arjan Dev, the guru or leader of the Sikhs. After Khusrau's defeat, Arjan Dev was summoned to the court to answer for his conduct. Sikh historians say that the enmity of Chandu Lal, the Hindu diwan of Lahore, who had a family quarrel with the guru, was responsible for his troubles. When the guru was unable to give any satisfactory explanation for his part in the rebellion, he was put to death. He might have ended his days in peace if he had not espoused the cause of the rebel, but this punitive action against him marked the beginning of a long and bitter conflict between the Sikhs and the Mughal government.

”

[10]

Other accounts suggest Guru Arjan gave 5,000 rupees to the rebellion. [11]

It is also stated in some sources that the Diwan (revenue collector) of Lahore wanted to marry his daughter to the son of Guru Arjan, but the latter refused. The Diwan could not put up with his insult and poisoned the ears of the Government. Consequently Jahangir imposed a fine of Rupee two Lac on Guru Arjan and ordered him to remove certain passages from the Adi Granth, which were objectionable to Muslims. Nuruddin Salim Jahangir (full title Al-Sultan al-'Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram Khushru-i-Giti Panah Abu'l-Fath Nur ud-din Muhammad Jahangir Padshah Ghazi ''( September 20 On the Guru's refusal to do so, he was tortured to death. [12]

This is what Emperor Jahangir wrote in his diary called the Tuzk-e-Jahangiri, which translates to "Memoirs of Jahangir"


“ In Goindwal, which is on the river Biyãh (Beas), there was a Hindu named Arjan, in the garments of sainthood and sanctity, so much so that he had captured many of the simple-hearted of the Hindus, and even of the ignorant and foolish followers of Islam, by his ways and manners, and they had loudly sounded the drum of his holiness. Tuzk-e-Jahangiri or Tuzk-i-Jahangiri ( Persian: تزک جهانگیری) is the autobiography of Mughal Emperor They called him Guru, and from all sides stupid people crowded to worship and manifest complete faith in him. For three or four generations (of spiritual successors) they had kept this shop warm. Many times it occurred to me to put a stop to this vain affair or to bring him into the assembly of the people of Islam.

At last when Khusrau passed along this road this insignificant fellow proposed to wait upon him. Khusrau happened to halt at the place where he was, and he came out and did homage to him. He behaved to Khusrau in certain special ways, and made on his forehead a finger-mark in saffron, which the Indians (Hinduwän) call qashqa, (Tilak) and is considered propitious. When this came to my ears and I clearly understood his folly, I ordered them to produce him and handed over his houses, dwelling-places, and children to Murtaza Khan, and having confiscated his property commanded that he should be put to death. "

 „

—Jahangir, Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri

The manner in which Guru Arjan was put to death "convinced the sikhs that they must arm themselves and fight, if they wanted to live". Nuruddin Salim Jahangir (full title Al-Sultan al-'Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram Khushru-i-Giti Panah Abu'l-Fath Nur ud-din Muhammad Jahangir Padshah Ghazi ''( September 20 [13] It proved a turning point in the history of Sikhism.

External links

Notes

  1. ^ Mcleod, Hew (1997). Sikhism. London: Penguin Books, 28. ISBN 0-14-025260-6.  
  2. ^ Mahajan, Vidya Dhar. "ten", Muslim Rule In India, fifth, 232.  
  3. ^ Cunnigham, J. D. (1853). "Gooroo Arjoon", A History Of The Sikhs. John Murray.  
  4. ^ Cunnigham, J. D. (1853). "Gooroo Arjoon", A History Of The Sikhs. John Murray.  
  5. ^ Cunnigham, J. D. (1853). "Gooroo Arjoon", A History of The Sikhs. John Murray.  
  6. ^ Mahajan, Vidya Dhar. Muslim Rule In India. S. Chand & Co.  
  7. ^ Cunnigham, Joseph Davey (1853). A History Of The Sikhs. London: John Murray, 51.  
  8. ^ Mahajan, Vidya Dhar. Muslim Rule In India, fifth, S. Chand & Co. , 232.  
  9. ^ Mahajan, Vidya Dhar. Muslim Rule In India, fifth, S. Chand & Co. , 232.  
  10. ^ http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00islamlinks/ikram/part2_14.html
  11. ^ http://www.4to40.com/story/index.asp?id=274
  12. ^ Mahajan, Vidya Dhar (1970). "ten", Muslim Rule In India, fifth, New Delhi: S. Chand & Co. , 232.  
  13. ^ Mahajan, Vidya Dhar. Muslim Rule In India, Teja singh, Fifth, 233.  

References


Preceded by:
Guru Ram Das
(24 September 1534 - 1 September 1581)		 Guru Arjan Dev Followed by:
Guru Har Gobind
(19 June 1595 - 3 March 1644)
 
The Eleven Gurus of Sikhism

Guru Nanak Dev | Guru Angad Dev | Guru Amar Das | Guru Ram Das | Guru Arjun Dev | Guru Har Gobind | Guru Har Rai | Guru Har Krishan | Guru Teg Bahadur | Guru Gobind Singh | (Followed by Guru Granth Sahib, Perpetual Guru of the Sikhs)



Koubouter van het Gerrit Rietveld College, Zeer normaal schoolkind. Guru Ram Das (ਗੁਰੂ ਰਾਮ ਦਾਸ (Born in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan on 24 September, 1534 &ndash 1 September Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Guru Har Gobind (ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਾਹਿਬ also Sacha Padshah (ਸੱਚਾ ਪਾਦਸ਼ਾਹ True King Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian A guru (गुरु গুরু is a person who is regarded as having great knowledge wisdom and authority in a certain area and uses it to guide others Sikhism ( IPA: or; ਸਿੱਖੀ sikkhī, IPA:) founded on the teachings of Nanak and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century Guru Nanak Dev (ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਦੇਵ (गुरु नानक گرونانک Gurū Nānak ( 15 april 1469, Nankana Sahib Guru Angad Dev Ji was the second of the eleven Sikh Gurus. Lehna was born in the village of Sarae Naga in Muktsar district in Punjab, on March 31, Guru Amar Das ( Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਅਮਰ ਦਾਸ ( 5 May 1479 - 1 September 1574) was the third of The Guru Ram Das (ਗੁਰੂ ਰਾਮ ਦਾਸ (Born in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan on 24 September, 1534 &ndash 1 September Guru Arjan Dev Ji or Guru Arjun Dev Ji (ਗੁਰੂ ਅਰਜੁਨ ਦੇਵ (born in Amritsar, Punjab, India on 15 April, Guru Har Gobind (ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਾਹਿਬ also Sacha Padshah (ਸੱਚਾ ਪਾਦਸ਼ਾਹ True King Guru Har Rai (ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਰਾਇ ( 26 February 1630 - 6 October 1661) was the seventh of The Eleven Gurus of Sikhism Guru Har Krishan (ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਕ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਨ ( 7 July, 1656 &ndash 30 March, 1664) was Guru Tegh Bahadur ( 1 April 1621 – 11 November 1675) became the 9th Guru of Sikhism on Guru Gobind Singh (ਗੁਰੂ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਿੰਘ gʊɾu gobɪn̪d̪ sɪ́ŋg ( December 22, 1666 &ndash 7 October, 1708) was The Sri Guru Granth Sahib ji (ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ gurū granth sāhib) or Guru Granth Sahib, is the eleventh and eternal Guru of the XD

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