| ?Gurdaspur Punjab • India |
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| Coordinates: | |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
| Area • Elevation |
• 241 m (791 ft) |
| District(s) | Gurdaspur |
| Population | 67,455 (2001) |
Gurdaspur is a city in the province of East Punjab, situated in the northwest part of the Republic of India. Punjab (ਪੰਜਾਬ पंजाब pəɲdʒaːb is a state in northwest India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Indian Standard Time ( IST) is the time observed throughout India and Sri Lanka, with a Time offset of UTC+530. UTC+530 is the Timezone for Indian Standard Time Sri Lanka Time The geography of India is diverse with landscape ranging from snow-capped mountain ranges to deserts plains rainforests hills and plateaus The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. A district is an administrative division of an Indian state or territory. Gurdaspur district is a district in the state of Punjab, situated in the northwest part of India. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Punjab (ਪੰਜਾਬ पंजाब pəɲdʒaːb is a state in northwest India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country It is located in the center of and is the administrative head of Gurdaspur District. Gurdaspur district is a district in the state of Punjab, situated in the northwest part of India. It was the location of a fort (later turned into a Brahman monastery) which was famous for the siege it sustained in 1712 from the Mughals. This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism. The Mughal Empire ( Persian and self-designation گورکانی; مغلیہ سلطنت) was an Islamic imperial power which ruled most
Contents |
History
It is historically important in connection with the rise of the Sikh Confederacy. The Sikh Confederacy was a nation that existed from 1716 to 1799 The whole of the Punjab was then distributed among the Sikh chiefs who triumphed over the Imperial Mughal governors. Punjab (ਪੰਜਾਬ पंजाब pəɲdʒaːb is a state in northwest India. Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. In the course of a few years, however, Maharaja Ranjit Singh acquired all the territory which those chiefs had held. The word Mahārāja (also spelled maharajah) is Sanskrit for "great king" or " High king " (a Karmadharaya from mahānt Maharaja Ranjit Singh (ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ also called "Sher-e-Punjab" ("The Lion of the Punjab" (1780-1839 was a Pathankot and the neighboring villages in the plain, together with the whole of the hill portion of the district, formed part of the area ceded by the Sikhs to the British after the First Anglo-Sikh War in 1845. Pathankot ( Punjabi: ਪਠਾਨਕੋਟ Hindi: पठानकोट Pashto: پٹھان ڪوٽ a city and a Municipal committee in The First Anglo-Sikh War was fought between the Sikh Empire and the British East India Company between 1845 and 1846 Year 1845 ( MDCCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In 1862, after receiving one or two additions, the district was brought into its present shape. Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday In 1901 the population was 940,334, showing a slight decrease, compared with an increase of 15% in the previous decade. Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting
Gurdaspur was founded by Sahib Deep Chand and was named after his grandfather Guriya in the beginning of 17th century. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar In his honour, this city was named Gurdaspur. He bought land for Gurdaspur from the Jatts of Sangi Gotra. For the Wasp Genus, see Gotra (wasp A Gotra is the Lineage Guriya a Sanwal Brahmin of Kaushal Gotra came from Paniar a village situated 5 miles north of Gurdaspur. The word Kaushal in Devnagri Thesaurus (Hindi language means Clever or Perfect or Skillful/Skilled The ancestors of Guriya came from Ayodhaya and settled in Paniar. Guriya Ji had two sons Nawal Rai and Pala. The descendants of Nawal Rai settled in Gurdaspur and Nawal Rai’s son Baba Deep Chand was a contemporary of Guru Gobind Singh. Guru Gobind Singh (ਗੁਰੂ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਿੰਘ gʊɾu gobɪn̪d̪ sɪ́ŋg ( December 22, 1666 &ndash 7 October, 1708) was It is believed that Guru Gobind Singh gave the title of Ganj Bakhsh (Owner Of Treasure) to Baba Deep Chand. The descendants of Baba Deep Chand are called mahants
Gurdaspur was the last bastion of Banda Bahadur. Baba Banda Singh Bahadur (1670-1716 (Lachhman Dev was a Sikh warrior known for his struggle against the Mughal Empire in the Banda Bahadur's legend lives on in the poem "Bondo Bhir", by the Indian Nobel prize winner Rabindranath Tagore. The Nobel Prize (Nobelpriset (Nobelprisen is a Swedish prize established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Peace, Literature The poem, written in Bengali, has been translated into English, since. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States [1]
Geography
Gurdaspur is located at [2]. It has an average elevation of 242 metres (793 feet). The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The district comprises an area of 1889 km². It is bounded on the north by the Jammu region, of Jammu & Kashmir. History of Jammu Many historians and locals believe that Jammu was founded by Raja Jamboolochan in 14th century BC. ( Dogri: जम्मू और कश्मीर Urdu: جموں و کشمیر is the northernmost state of India. Chamba, on the east by Kangra district and the Beas River, on the south by Amritsar district, and on the west by Sialkot, and occupies the submontane portion of the Ban Doab, or tract between the Beas and the Ravi River. Amritsar (ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ meaning The Lake of the Holy Nectar, is the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar District in the state Sialkot ( Urdu / Punjabi:) the capital of Sialkot District, is a city situated in the north-east of the Punjab province in A Doab ( Persian, Urdu: dō, "two" + āb, "water" or "river" is a term used in India and The Ravi River (रवि ਰਾਵੀ راوی is a River in Pakistan and India. The district includes sanatorium of Dalhousie mountain which stands 7687 ft. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Dalhousie is a city and a Municipal council in Chamba district in the state of Himachal above sea-level. Mean sea level (MSL is the average (mean height of the Sea, with reference to a suitable reference surface This station, which has a large fluctuating population during the warmer months, crowns the most westerly shoulder of a snowy range, the Dhauladhar, between which and the plain two minor ranges intervene. The Dhauladhar range is a southern branch of the main Himalayan chain of mountains Below the hills stretches an undulating plateau covered with abundant timber, made green by a copious rainfall, and watered by the streams of the Ban Doab, which, diverted by dams and embankments, now empty their waters into the Beas directly, in order that their channels may not interfere with the Ban Doab canal. Lumber or timber is Wood in any of its stages from felling through readiness for use as structural Material for Construction, or A Doab ( Persian, Urdu: dō, "two" + āb, "water" or "river" is a term used in India and A Doab ( Persian, Urdu: dō, "two" + āb, "water" or "river" is a term used in India and Canals are artificial channels for water There are two types of canals water conveyance canals which are used for the conveyance and delivery of water and Waterways The district contains several large jhils or swampy lakes, and is famous for its snipe-shooting. A snipe is any of nearly 20 wading bird species in three genera in the family Scolopacidae. Pathankot is another town from which one has to pass to enter Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh state. Pathankot ( Punjabi: ਪਠਾਨਕੋਟ Hindi: पठानकोट Pashto: پٹھان ڪوٽ a city and a Municipal committee in ( Dogri: जम्मू और कश्मीर Urdu: جموں و کشمیر is the northernmost state of India. Himachal Pradesh ( Hindi: हिमाचल प्रदेश Punjabi: ਹਿਮਾਚਲ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ pronounced) is a state in the
Demographics
According to the 2001 India census[3], Gurdaspur had a population of 67,455. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Gurdaspur has an average literacy rate of 78%, higher than the national average of 59. 5%: male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 75%. In Gurdaspur, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Tourist Attractions
Fish Park - located near Civil Lines
One place to visit is Fish Park when visiting Gurdaspur. Civil Lines is a subdivision of North Delhi District in the National Capital Territory of Delhi, India. It is located near Civil Lines, a cluster of homes in the city. It is not uncommon to see locals exercising and spending time at Fish Park during evening and morning hours.
Fish Park once was an area of overgrown grass and weeds, and a pond was situated in the center. At the pond, one was able to purchase food for the fish and feed it to the fish in it. This was approximately ten to eleven years ago. A massive re-designing process took place a few years later, and that made Fish Park what it is today. Although there are no longer "fish" in the park, the center of the park has a statue of a fish, hence the name. The park is now well-manicured and well-kept by the city. It is a popular place to go to in the evening, where one may purchase snacks like popcorn, a kulfi, and freshly squeezed fruit juice. Popcorn or popping corn is a type of corn which explodes from the kernel and puffs up when heated Kulfi or Qulfi is a popular flavoured frozen Dessert found in the Indian subcontinent made with Milk. The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology. JUICE is a widely used non-commercial Software package for editing and analysing phytosociological data
Kabootri Darwaza - part of the old Gurdaspur bazaar
Here one can find sweet-makers, enjoy puri chole and lassi at its best, and every kind of sweet ranging from fresh hot jalebis to pure khoa barfi. A bazaar ( بازار) (pazar is a permanent merchandising area Marketplace, or street of shops where goods and services are exchanged or sold WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Puri is a city in the east Indian state of Orissa. Chole can refer to Chole (woreda, one of the 180 woredas in the Oromia region of Ethiopia Chole Ethiopia, a town in that woreda Lassi is a popular and traditional Indian drink originating from the Punjab region. Sweet is one of the five Basic tastes and is almost universally regarded as a pleasurable experience Jalebi ( Hindi: जलेबी Urdu: جلیبی) is a fried sweet made from Maida flour, commonly prepared in India, Pakistan Khoa or khoya or khawa or mawa is a dried whole milk or milk thickened by heating Milk in an open iron pan Barfi or burfi ( Urdu: برفی is an Indian and Pakistani sweet
Historically Gurdaspur has its own importance. The great Mughal Emperor Akabar's Coronation site (Takhti-Akbari) is there in Kalanaur. Kalanaur is a small town around 30km away from Gurdaspur.
Pakistan and the Gurdaspur conspiracy
The Gurdaspur district in the undivided Punjab had on the basis of the 1941 census an overall Muslim majority of 51%. Gurdaspur district is a district in the state of Punjab, situated in the northwest part of India. Punjab was a province of British India, it was one of the last areas of the Indian subcontinent to fall under British rule Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Gurdaspur had four Tehsils (sub-districts) viz. A tehsil ( Urdu: تحصیل) (or tahsil, tahasil, taluka, taluk, taluq, mandal) is an Administrative division , Shakargarh (51. Shakargarh, the headquarters of Shakargarh Tehsil, is a city in the north-east of Pakistan in Narowal District of Punjab province 3% Muslims), Batala (53% Muslims), Pathankot (65% non-Muslim) and Gurdaspur it self (50. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> For the drum music see Batala (music. Pathankot ( Punjabi: ਪਠਾਨਕੋਟ Hindi: पठानकोट Pashto: پٹھان ڪوٽ a city and a Municipal committee in A Non-Muslim Islamic scholar is a scholar of Islam who is not a Muslim. 5% Muslims). Gurdaspur straddled a major river of the undivided pre-partitioned Punjab of India, the Ravi, with Shakargarh Tehsil on the West Bank of the river and the rest three Tehsils on the East Bank. For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British The Ravi River (रवि ਰਾਵੀ راوی is a River in Pakistan and India. Shakargarh Tehsil is a subdivision ( Tehsil) of Narowal District in the Punjab province of Pakistan The West Bank (الضفة الغربية, הגדה המערבית Hagadah Hamaaravit) also referred to in Israel as " Judea and Samaria The Emirate of Transjordan ( Arabic: ar إمارة شرق الأردن) was a former Ottoman territory incorporated into the British Mandate of Palestine It will be seen from the map that a direct railhead for the State of Jammu and Kashmir ran from Amritsar to Pathankot through the very same three eastern Tehsils of the Gurdaspur district. ( Dogri: जम्मू और कश्मीर Urdu: جموں و کشمیر is the northernmost state of India. Amritsar (ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ meaning The Lake of the Holy Nectar, is the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar District in the state According to one theory, as Gurdaspur district bordered the State of Jammu and Kashmir, India would find it impossible to have a road communication with the state without these three Tehsils. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country but the problem with this theory is that looking at the map of India its clear that the lines of communication ran through Pathankot tehsil only which was non-Muslim majority. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Pathankot ( Punjabi: ਪਠਾਨਕੋਟ Hindi: पठानकोट Pashto: پٹھان ڪوٽ a city and a Municipal committee in A Non-Muslim Islamic scholar is a scholar of Islam who is not a Muslim.
The terms of reference given were that the demarcation should be on the basis of contiguous Muslim or non-Muslim majority areas. With a provision for other factors which could be interpreted in any manner. Gurdaspur was a Muslim-majority District. The contiguous communal argument should have taken it according to the Tehsil boundaries but instead only Shakargarh went to Pakistan, leaving the eastern bank of the Ravi Hindu majority and thus a part of post-independence India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country
There were two main pre-partition routes to Kashmir region One via Lahore, Rawalpindi and Murree into Muzaffarabad and Srinagar and the other through Sialkot, Jammu and Banihal pass. This article is about the geographical region of greater Kashmir ( lahor is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and is the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. ( Urdu: Rāwalpindī) is a city in the Potwar Plateau near Pakistan 's capital city of Islamabad, in the province Murree city ( Urdu: مری) is a popular Hill station and a summer resort especially for the residents of Islamabad, and for the cities Muzaffarabad is the capital of the Azad State of Jammu and Kashmir. Srinagar ( Dogri: श्रीनगर Urdu: سرینگر Kashmiri: سِرېنَگَر श्रीनगर is the capital of the disputed state History of Jammu Many historians and locals believe that Jammu was founded by Raja Jamboolochan in 14th century BC. Banihal Pass (el 2832 m is a Mountain pass in the Pir Panjal Range. Neither would be available to India after partition as both Lahore and Sialkot were bound to go to Pakistan, even though the city of Lahore itself which straddled the border had a slight non-Muslim majority, but the district overall had a Muslim majority . India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and ( lahor is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and is the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. There was a third route, more a dirt track than a road, via Gurdaspur. If Gurdaspur were also awarded to Pakistan there would be no effective road link between India and Kashmir until a new road could be constructed via Pathankot. This article is about the geographical region of greater Kashmir
Mountbatten was quoted as saying before the final award was announced that the Radcliffe commission was unlikely to throw the whole of Gurdaspur with only 51% Muslim majority into Pakistan, as it would exponentially increase the number of Sikh and Hindu refugees as 49% of the district was non-Muslim, also the Muslim majority tehsils of Gurdaspur and Shakargarh had a bare Muslim mahority of 50. Mountbatten is the family name adopted by two branches of the Battenberg family due to rising Anti-German sentiment among the British public during World War Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion 5% and 51% respectively and their partition could only be done along the Ravi.
Also, there was a possibility that if the three eastern Tehsils of Gurdaspur were awarded to India by the Boundary Commission the accession of the State of Jammu and Kashmir to India be a practicable proposition. Mountbatten did appreciate this fact. As he said to the Nawab of Bhopal and the Maharaja of Indore on 4 August 1947, the State of Jammu and Kashmir was so placed geographically that it could join either Dominion. The Nawabs of Bhopal were the Muslim rulers of the princely state of Bhopal, located in the modern state of Madhya Pradesh, in medieval and Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A dominion, often Dominion, refers to one of a group of autonomous polities under sovereign authority within the British Empire and In other words, only by giving Gurdaspur to India would the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir be presented with a free choice; to give Gurdaspur to Pakistan was effectively to guarantee that the State of Jammu and Kashmir would sooner or later fall to Pakistan. The question arises, was the final award of the Boundary Commission influenced in any way by Mountbatten which, if not conclusive, is certainly circumstantial. Mountbatten is the family name adopted by two branches of the Battenberg family due to rising Anti-German sentiment among the British public during World War
In the original proposals for Partition it was generally understood by the Pakistan side, and probably by at least the majority of Indian side as well (despite a strong hint by Mountbatten to the contrary on 4 June when he observed that "it is unlikely that the Boundary Commission will throw the whole of the (Gurdaspur) district into the Muslim-majority areas"), that Gurdaspur was a Muslim-majority District in the Punjab which could go to Pakistan in its entirety or at least without the Pathankot tehsil. The Partition of India was the partition of the British Indian Empire which led to the creation on August 14, 1947 and August 15, Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. This conclusion was indicated in the notional boundary between India and Pakistan with which the Boundary Commission started in July 1947. This was derived from the First Schedule of the Indian Independence Act of 18 July 1947, which also pointed to a Muslim-majority salient along the southern edge of Amritsar District in the Lahore region of Pakistani territory jutting into the Indian part of the Punjab. The Indian Independence Act 1947 was the statute (10 and 11 Geo VI c Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Amritsar district is one of 19 districts in the state of Punjab in West India. Together, this southern salient and Gurdaspur resulted in Muslim-majority territory, which almost surrounded Amritsar, a city of supreme importance to the Sikhs. Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. The Sikh question presented by far the greatest immediate problem for Partition in the Punjab.
On 8 August 1947 there emerged from Sir Cyril Radcliffe’s establishment a provisional boundaries map on which, there is strong evidence to indicate, and the southern salient had been modified in what seemed to be in Pakistan’s favour by substituting for a small portion of the Lahore District (the tip of the original salient, created by the need to somehow transfer the Indo-Pakistan border from the line of the Ravi to that of the Satluj, which, it could be argued, on this particular alignment encroached more than it was absolutely necessary upon what the Sikhs regarded as their special land around Amritsar) the adjacent Firozpur and Zira Tehsils of Ferozepore District, thus extending Pakistan to the eastern side of the Satluj. Events 1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula. Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Cyril John Radcliffe 1st Viscount Radcliffe GBE, PC (1899 - 1977 was a British lawyer and law lord most famous for his partitioning of the British Imperial Lahore District is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan, that contains the city of Lahore - the district and provincial capital The Sutlej River (alternatively spelled as Satluj River (ਸਤਲੁਜ शतद्रु or सुतुद्री, ستلج and सतलुज is the longest WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Firozpur (or Ferozepur, Ferozepore, फिरोज़पुर) is a city in Firozpur Ferozepur district is one of the twenty Districts in the state of Punjab in North-West India. The same map also indicated that the three eastern Tehsils of Gurdaspur District were now located on the Indian side of the Partition line.
Sir George Abell, Mountbatten’s Private Secretary, immediately communicated the contents of this map to Stuart Abbott, Secretary to Sir E. Sir George Edmond Brackenbury Abell, KCIE, OBE ( 22 June 1904 – 11 January 1989) was an English Civil In the United Kingdom government a Private Secretary is a senior Civil servant in a Department or Ministry responsible directly to the Secretary of State Stuart Richard Abbott MBE (born 3 June 1978) is a South African born Rugby union footballer who played centre for Jenkins, the Governor of the Punjab, through whose province the new boundary would run. Jenkins also received at the time a memorandum of some kind on the question of the boundary award from Christopher Beaumont, a member of Sir Cyril Radcliffe’s staff. Thus several members of the Punjab Government were aware of the current state of Radcliffe’s thinking on partition by 9 August. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus So, also, it would seem were many other people.
There was, for example, immediate objection from the Maharaja of Bikaner who received vital water supply for his desert state from Harike headworks on the Satluj in Firozpur to the location of the Firozpur and Zira Tehsils in Pakistan, it being clearly impossible to confine such a secret to the inner circle of Viceroy’s House, New Delhi and Government House, Lahore. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Bikaner is a city in the northwest of the state of Rajasthan in western India New Delhi (नई दिल्ली ਨਵੀਂ ਦਿੱਲੀ نئی دلی is the Capital city of India. Government House is the name given to some of the residences of Governors-General, Governors and Lieutenant-Governors in the Commonwealth and the Not only were several rulers whose states depended upon irrigation works cut by the proposed Radcliffe line much disturbed by the dangers which they detected in the Boundary Commission’s proposals, but also a wide selection of officials, not all of them of particular seniority or major importance, found cause for concern. Irrigation is an artificial application of water to the soil usually for assisting in growing crops The Radcliffe Line became the border between India and Pakistan on 17 August 1947 after the Partition of India. Thus on 9 August 1947 Jawaharlal Nehru wrote to Mountbatten enclosing a memorandum by A. Jawaharlal Nehru (जवाहरलाल नेहरू ʤəʋäɦəɾläl nɛɦɾu (14 November 1889 27 May 1964 was a major political leader of the Congress Party N. Khosla, Chairman, Central Waterways, Irrigation and Navigation Commission, reporting various items of gossip, including the account of an eavesdropped lunchtime conversation between Sir Cyril Radcliffe and the members of the Boundary Commission, to the effect that the award of the Firozpur and Zira Tehsils to Pakistan was a compensation for the award of the three eastern Tehsils of Gurdaspur to India. Khosla pointed out that, if true, this arrangement would be most undesirable on technical irrigation grounds: Firozpur and Zira, as well as Gurdaspur; would have to be in India if certain canals were to operate adequately.
Jawaharlal Nehru’s Letter of 9 August is intriguing. Jawaharlal Nehru (जवाहरलाल नेहरू ʤəʋäɦəɾläl nɛɦɾu (14 November 1889 27 May 1964 was a major political leader of the Congress Party If a relatively junior official like Khosla could pick up confidential discussion on Boundary matters by Radcliffe and his colleagues, it did not say much for the secrecy in which the Radcliffe Commission was claimed to have carried out its task. Moreover, why should Nehru have chosen to convey this titbit of information to the Viceroy at this particular time? Was he trying to influence the Radcliffe Commission by way of Mountbatten in at least three ways, to ensure that the Ferozepore Tehsil did not go to Pakistan, to guarantee that whatever decision was in the air concerning the award to India of the three eastern Tehsils of Gurdaspur was adhered to, and to provide reasons for both these decisions which could be argued to be? Judicial rather than Political? Mountbatten politely rebuked Nehru for this letter. In Law, the judiciary or judicial system is the system of Courts which administer Justice in the name of the sovereign or State Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions "I hope you will agree" he wrote "that I should not do anything to prejudice the independence of the Boundary Commission, and that, therefore, it would be wrong of me even to forward any memorandum, especially at this stage". All the same, on 10 or 11 August 1947 the Governor of the Punjab, Jenkins, received a telegram from viceroy's House, New Delhi, which told him to eliminate the salient, in other words, delete from Pakistan (as shown in the earlier version of the partition proposals which he had received on 8 August) the Ferozepore and Zira Tehsils, and put them in India. New Delhi (नई दिल्ली ਨਵੀਂ ਦਿੱਲੀ نئی دلی is the Capital city of India. Moreover, in the final award (which was ready on 12 August) the location of the Ferozepore and Zira Tehsils in India was justified on grounds of good irrigation policy, as was, also, the Indian possession of the three eastern Tehsils of Gurdaspur in India (which had already been shown on the map of 8 August).
Allegations of Bias
Throughout the difficult process of partitions of the provinces, of the Punjab (West) and Bengal (East) accusations of official partiality towards one group or another were leveled on all sides, not only in the popular press but also by the leaders themselves. A province is a territorial unit almost always an Administrative division. Punjab ( ਪੰਜਾਬ پنجاب, पंजाब پنجاب also Panjab (پنجاب meaning "Land of the Five Rivers") (c Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Etymology and ethnology The exact origin of the word Bangla or Bengal is unknown though it is believed to be derived from the Dravidian-speaking tribe Bang ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially For example, Justice Munir of the Punjab Commission accused Radcliffe’s top aide, Christopher Beaumont, of bias. Munir claimed that Beaumont intentionally misled Radcliffe in order to achieve a result favorable to India. Beaumont rejects these charges as ludicrous. The most contentious point was the Ferozepore border and the nearby headworks. On August 8, Mountbatten’s private secretary, George Abell, sent a letter with a preliminary description of the Punjab boundary to Evan Jenkins, the provincial governor. George Abell or Abel may refer to George Ogden Abell (1927–1983 American astronomer and educator George Abell (civil servant This draft showed the Ferozepore area and its headworks definitely going to the Dominion of Pakistan. The Dominion of Pakistan was a federal entity that was established in 1947 as a result of the Partition of India into two sovereign dominions the Union When the final award was released, Ferozepore was illegally assigned to India. Infuriated Pakistanis were sure that Nehru and Mountbatten had pressured Radcliffe to change his original stance of the line. Pakistan 's estimated population was 172800000 in July 2008 During 1950-2008 Pakistan's urban population expanded over sevenfold while the total population increased by over fourfold After partition of the subcontinent, each side leveled accusations in the vernacular press that their opponents had successfully bribed Radcliffe to take their part.
But neither Justice Munir nor any Pakistani leader objected to the inclusion of Chittagong hill tracts in the Bengal partition to Pakistan despite being 97% non-Muslim, as it benfitted Pakistan. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Chittagong ( Bengali: চট্টগ্রাম Chôţţogram) is Bangladesh 's main Seaport and its second-largest city Moutbatten instead told Nehru that accommodations will have to be made with the city of Lahore, CHT and Tharparkar district of Sindh that had a non-Muslim majority going to Pakistan if Gurdaspur was to be partitioned and Ferozepur and Zira were to be awarded to India. Jawaharlal Nehru (जवाहरलाल नेहरू ʤəʋäɦəɾläl nɛɦɾu (14 November 1889 27 May 1964 was a major political leader of the Congress Party ( lahor is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and is the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. Tharparkar ( Urdu: تھرپارکر is a town located in the Tharparkar District, which is one of 22 districts located in the Sindh province in Pakistan
Many were convinced that the Commissions were a sham and that Mountbatten himself had simply dictated the new divisions. In his final report as Viceroy, Mountbatten admitted, "I am afraid that there is still a large section of public opinion in this country which is firmly convinced that I will settle the matter finally. "In 1992, Christopher Beaumont added his voice to the chorus of accusations against Mountbatten. This circumstantial evidence indicates that Mountbatten may well have influenced the final shape of the boundary award.
Economy
A branch of the North Western Railway runs through the district. The North Western Railway is one of the sixteen railway zones in India. The largest town and chief commercial centre is Batala. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> For the drum music see Batala (music. There are important woollen mills at Dhariwal, and besides their products the district exports cotton, sugar, grain and oil-seeds. Dhariwal धारीवाल are a clan of Jats in India. History One branch of the Mudgals was called Dharan.
External links
References
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
- ^ Bondo Bhir by Rabindranath Tagore
- ^ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Gurdaspur
- ^ Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns. (Provisional). Census Commission of India. Retrieved on 2007-09-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius
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