The Gulf of Finland (Finnish: Suomenlahti, Russian: Финский залив, Finskiy zaliv, Swedish: Finska viken, Estonian: Soome laht) is the easternmost arm of the Baltic Sea that extends between Finland (to the north) and Estonia (to the south) all the way to Saint Petersburg in Russia, where the river Neva drains into it. Finnish ( or suomen kieli) is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland (92% As of 2006) and by ethnic Finns outside Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Swedish ( is a North Germanic language spoken by more than nine million people predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along the Estonian (; ˈeːsti ˈkeːl is the official language of Estonia, spoken by about 1 The Baltic Sea is a Brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N Latitude and from 20°E to 26°E Longitude. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Other major cities around the gulf include Helsinki and Tallinn. Helsinki (in Finnish;) or Helsingfors (in Swedish;) is the Capital and largest city of Finland. Tallinn (historically known by the German, Swedish and Danish name Reval or the Polish name Rewal, among other names The eastern parts of the Gulf of Finland belongs to Russia and some of Russia's most important oil harbours are located furthest in, near Saint Petersburg (including Primorsk). Primorsk (Примо́рск Koivisto Björkö is a coastal town in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, and the

Contents 1 Geography 2 Environmental problems 3 Cities 4 Major Islands 5 See also 6 External links

Geography

The Gulf of Finland has an area of 29,500 km², its length is 428 km and it is 120 km wide. The width at the mouth of the gulf is 75 km and the distance from Porkkala to Rohuneeme, outside Tallinn, is 52 km. Porkkala (Porkala is a peninsula in the Gulf of Finland located at Kirkkonummi (Kyrkslätt in Southern Finland. Tallinn (historically known by the German, Swedish and Danish name Reval or the Polish name Rewal, among other names The gulf narrows in the east, eventually becoming the 10–28 km wide Gulf of Kronstadt. The largest bay on the northern coast is the Gulf of Vyborg, and in the south Narva Bay. The Bay of Vyborg (Выборгский залив Viipurinlahti Viborgska viken is a deep inlet running northeastward near the eastern end of Gulf of Finland in the

There are several islands in the Gulf of Finland. Gogland, Tyters, Lavansaari and Seiskari are the largest of these. Hogland ( Russian: Гогланд; Finnish: Suursaari; Swedish: Hogland, Estonian: Suursaar, The deepest parts of the gulf can be found at the mouth of the gulf, where there is a deep with a depth of 80–100 meters. There are even depths of over 100 meters at the southern coast, while the depths at the northern coast never exceeds 60 meters. The deepest point, 121 m, is at the Estonian coast, just northeast of Tallinn. About 5% of the water mass in the Baltic Sea is located in the Gulf of Finland.

The ocean currents are trying to move clockwise on the northern hemisphere (due to the Coriolis effect), and therefore the currents are moving eastwards in near the Finnish coast, and westwards near the Estonian coast. An ocean current is continuous directed movement of Ocean water. In physics the Coriolis effect is an apparent deflection of moving objects when they are viewed from a Rotating frame of reference. The water is sweeter further in in the gulf, because of the large river Neva, which has its outlet there.

Environmental problems

The huge eutrophication of the Gulf of Finland is the biggest problem for the sea – algal bloom, which occures during summers, can cover large areas. Eutrophication is an increase in chemical Nutrients -- typically compounds containing Nitrogen or Phosphorus -- in an Ecosystem, and may occur An algal bloom is a rapid increase in the population of Algae in an aquatic system

Cities

Espoo Hamina Hanko Helsinki

Kotka Kronstadt Loviisa Maardu

Paldiski Porvoo Saint Petersburg Sillamäe

Sosnovy Bor Tallinn Vantaa Vyborg

Major Islands

• Bolshoy Tyuters (Tytärsaari)
• Hogland (Suursaari)
• Kotlin Island
• Lavansari (Lavansaari)
• Naissaar
• Grachevo (Seiskari)

See also

• Peter the Great's Naval Fortress
• Kven Sea

External links

• ESA satellite photograph of the Gulf of Finland

Espoo (ˈespoː Esbo ( in Swedish) is the second largest city of Finland, with a population of approximately 240000 Hamina (ˈhɑminɑ Swedish: Fredrikshamn) is one of Finland 's most important harbours Hanko (ˈhɑŋko in Finnish Hangö in Swedish, and Гангут in Russian) is a Bilingual port town on the south coast Helsinki (in Finnish;) or Helsingfors (in Swedish;) is the Capital and largest city of Finland. Kotkan kaupunki Kronstadt (Кроншта́дт also spelled Kronshtadt, Cronstadt (Krone for Crown and Stadt for City) is a Russian Loviisa (ˈloviːsa in Finnish or Lovisa in Swedish is a municipality and town of 7417 inhabitants ( 2004-12-31) on the Southern Maardu is a town and a municipality in Harju County, Estonia. Paldiski is a town and Baltic Sea Port situated on the Pakri peninsula of north-western Estonia. "Borga" redirects here For the village in Bangladesh see Borga Bangladesh. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Sillamäe is a town in Ida-Viru County in the northern part of Estonia, on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland. Sosnovy Bor (Сосно́вый Бор is a town in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, situated on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland Tallinn (historically known by the German, Swedish and Danish name Reval or the Polish name Rewal, among other names Geography Location Vantaa encompasses 243 km² of which 190 km² is water Vyborg (Вы́борг Viipuri Viborg Wiborg is a town in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, situated on the Karelian Isthmus near the head of Bolshoi Tyuters ( Russian: Большой Тютерс; Finnish: Tytärsaari; Estonian: Suur-Tütarsaar; Swedish Hogland ( Russian: Гогланд; Finnish: Suursaari; Swedish: Hogland, Estonian: Suursaar, Kotlin (or Kettle Finnish Retusaari) is a Russian Island, located near the head of the Gulf of Finland, 20 miles west of Saint Petersburg Naissaar (Nargen Nargö is an Island northwest of Tallinn (but belonging to Viimsi Parish) in Estonia. Peter the Great's naval fortress or the Tallinn-Porkkala defence station was a Russian fortification line which aimed to block access to the Russian capital Kven Sea ( Cwen sea) is mentioned as the northern border for the ancient Germany in the "The Old English Orosius" the history of the world published in

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