Gukjagam
Hangul 국자감 Hanja 國子監 Revised Romanization Gukjagam McCune-Reischauer Kukchagam

The Gukjagam, known at times as Gukhak or Seonggyungwan, was the highest educational institution of the Korean Goryeo dynasty. Hanja is the Korean name for Chinese characters. More specifically it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language Romanization system in South Korea. McCune-Reischauer romanization is one of the two most widely used Korean language Romanization systems along with the Revised Romanization of Korean, which Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. The Goryeo Dynasty ( 918 - 1392) (also spelled Koryŏ was a Sovereign state established in 918 by Taejo Wang Kon. It was located at the capital, Gaegyeong (modern-day Kaesong), and provided advanced training in the Chinese classics. Kaesŏng ( Gaeseong) is a city in North Hwanghae Province southern North Korea (DPRK a former Directly Governed City, and the capital of Chinese classic texts or Chinese canonical texts ( refer to the pre- Qin Chinese texts especially the Confucian Four Books and Five Classics It was established in 992 during the reign of Seongjong. Events By Place Africa The Ghana Empire captures the Berber town of Awdaghost. Seongjong of Goryeo (960&ndash997 r 981&ndash997 was the sixth emperor of the medieval Korean kingdom Goryeo. A similar institution, known as the Gukhak, had been established under Unified Silla, but it was not successful. Unified Silla ( 668 CE - 935 CE or Later Silla is the name often applied to the kingdom of Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of

The Gukjagam was part of Seongjong's general program of Confucian reform, together with the gwageo civil service examinations and the hyanggyo provincial schools. The gwageo (or kwago) were the national civil service examinations under the Goryeo and Joseon dynasties of Korea The Hyanggyo were government-run provincial schools in medieval Korea It formed the cornerstone of the Confucian educational system he envisioned. In the waning days of Goryeo, the Gukjagam again became a centerpiece of reform through the policies of the early Neo-Confucian scholar An Hyang. Neo-Confucianism (/( is a form of Confucianism that was primarily developed during the Song Dynasty, but which can be traced back to Han Yu and Li An Hyang (1243 &ndash 1306 was a leading Confucian scholar born in Yeongju in present-day South Korea.

Contents 1 Courses of study 2 Finances 3 Names 4 References 5 See also

Courses of study

In the beginning, the Gukjagam provided a total of six courses of study. Of these, three divisions were restricted to children of the highest-ranking officials: Gukjahak, Taehak, and Samunhak. These were a total of nine years long, and focused on the Confucian classics.

The other three divisions were open to children of officials as low as the 8th rank: Seohak (secretarial training), Sanhak (arithmetic), and Yulhak (law). Arithmetic or arithmetics (from the Greek word αριθμός = number is the oldest and most elementary branch of mathematics used by almost everyone Each of these took six years to complete, and focused on technical training with a heavy admixture of the classics.

A seventh division was added in 1104, in the reign of Yejong: Gangyejae (강예재), providing military training. For the later ruler see Yejong of Joseon. Yejong of Goryeo (1079-1122 r This was the first recorded occasion of a Korean dynasty providing formal training in the military arts. Due to tensions between the aristocracy and the military, it was soon removed from the curriculum, in 1133.

Finances

Seongjong's original edict of 992 provided land and slaves to support the school. However, the tuition remained prohibitive for most students not from wealthy families. In 1304, An Hyang levied a new tax which officials of the top 6 ranks had to pay in silver, and those of the lower ranks in cloth. This tax was used to defray the cost of tuition for the Gukjagam's students.

Names

The name was changed to Gukhak in 1275, upon the ascension of King Chungnyeol. Chungnyeol of Goryeo (1236 &ndash 1308 r 1274-1308 was the 25th ruler of the Medieval Korean Kingdom of Goryeo. It was changed to Seonggyungam in 1298 and to Seonggyungwan in 1308, but then reverted to Gukjagam during the reign of Gongmin in 1358. King Gongmin (1330 &ndash 1374 ruled Goryeo ( Korea) from 1351 until 1374 The Seonggyungwan name was adopted again in 1362, and continued in use until the fall of Goryeo thirty years later.

References

• Nahm, Andrew C. (1996). Korea: A history of the Korean people, 2nd ed. , Seoul: Hollym. ISBN 1-56591-070-2.  

• Seoul National University Educational Research Institute (1997). 한국교육사 (Hanguk Gyoyuksa / History of Korean Education). Seoul: Kyoyook (교육과학사). ISBN 89-8287-130-6.  

See also

• List of Korea-related topics
• History of Korea
• History of education
• Guozijian
• Gukhak
• Seonggyungwan (successor to the Gukjagam)

This is a list of articles on Korea -related people places things and concepts The history of Korea stretches from Lower Paleolithic times to the present In its widest sense the history of Education is the history of Teaching and of Learning, and the history of what might be described as the Curricula The Guozijian (國子監 guózǐjiàn) the School of the Sons of State sometimes called the Imperial Central School, Imperial Academy The Gukhak, or National Confucian Academy, was the sole recorded institution of higher learning in the Silla period of medieval Korean history.

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