Guillaume Dubois (September 6, 1656 – August 10, 1723) was a French cardinal and statesman. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire Year 1723 ( MDCCXXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church.
He, the third of the four great Cardinal-Ministers (Richelieu, Mazarin, Dubois, and Fleury), was born in Brive-la-Gaillarde, in Limousin. Brive-la-Gaillarde ( Limousin dialect of Occitan language Briva la Galharda) is a commune of France. Limousin ( Occitan: Lemosin) is a former Province of France around the city of Limoges in central France. He was, according to his enemies, the son of an apothecary, his father being in fact a doctor of medicine of respectable family, who kept a small drug store as part of the necessary outfit of a country practitioner. He was educated at the school of the Brothers of the Christian Doctrine at Brive, where he received the tonsure at the age of thirteen. Tonsure is the practice of some Christian churches mystics Buddhist novices and Monks and some Hindu temples of cutting the Hair from the In 1672, having finished his philosophy course, he was given a scholarship at the college of St. Michel in Paris by Jean, La Marquise de Pompadour, lieutenant-general of the Limousin. The head of the college, the abbé Antoine Faure, who was from the same part of the country as himself, befriended the lad, and continued to do so for many years after he had finished his course, finding him pupils and ultimately obtaining for him the post of tutor to the young duke of Chartres, afterwards the regent Duke of Orléans. Philippe II Duke of Orléans ( August 2, 1674 &ndash December 2, 1723) was a member of the royal family of France Astute, ambitious and unrestrained by conscience, Dubois ingratiated himself with his pupil, and, while he gave him formal school lessons, at the same time pandered to his evil passions and encouraged him in their indulgence.
He gained the favour of Louis XIV by bringing about the marriage of his pupil with Françoise-Marie de Bourbon, Mlle de Blois, a natural but legitimized daughter of the king and Mme de Montespan; and for this service he was rewarded with the gift of the abbey of St. Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent Françoise-Marie de Bourbon duchesse d'Orléans ( May 25 1677 &ndash February 1 1749) was the sixth illegitimate child and last Françoise-Athénaïs de Rochechouart de Mortemart marquise de Montespan ( October 5, 1641 &ndash May 27, 1707) better known as Just in Picardy. He was present with his pupil at the Battle of Steinkeerke, and "faced fire," says Marshal Luxembourg, "like a grenadier. The Battle of Steenkerque (Steenkerque also spelled Steenkerke or Steenkirk) was fought on August 3 1692, as a part of the Nine Years' François Henri de Montmorency-Bouteville duc de Piney, called de Luxembourg ( January 8, 1628 - January 4, 1695) was a French " Sent to join the French embassy in London, he made himself so active that he was recalled by the request of the ambassador, who feared his intrigues. This, however, tended to raise his credit with the king. When the Duc D'Orléans became regent (1715) Dubois, who had for some years acted as his secretary, was made councillor of state, and the chief power passed gradually into his hands. A regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns" is a person selected to act as Head of state (ruling or not because the ruler is a minor
His policy was steadily directed towards maintaining the peace of Utrecht, and this made him the main opponent of the schemes of Cardinal Alberoni for the aggrandizement of Spain. The Treaty of Utrecht that established the Peace of Utrecht, rather than a single document comprised a series of individual peace treaties signed in the Dutch Giulio Alberoni ( May 30, 1664 OS - June 26 NS 1752 was an Italian cardinal and Statesman in the service of Philip To counteract Alberoni's intrigues, he suggested an alliance with England, and in the face of great difficulties succeeded in negotiating the Triple Alliance (1717). The Triple Alliance was a Treaty between the Dutch Republic, France and Great Britain, against Spain, attempting to maintain the agreement In 1719 he sent an army into Spain, and forced Philip V to dismiss Alberoni. Philip V of Spain ( December 19, 1683 - July 9, 1746) born Philippe de France, Fils de France and duc d'Anjou Otherwise his policy remained that of peace. Dubois' success strengthened him against the bitter opposition of a large section of the court. Political honours did not satisfy him, however. The church offered the richest field for exploitation, and in spite of his dissolute life he impudently prayed the regent to give him the archbishopric of Cambrai, the richest in France. In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated Bishop. In the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion and others this means that they lead Cambrai (Dutch Kamerijk; old spelling Cambray) is a French town and commune, in the Nord département, His demand was supported by George I and the regent yielded. George I (George Louis German Georg Ludwig; 28 May 1660 &ndash 11 June 1727 For the first year of his life George was the only heir to his father's and three childless Dubois aimed for the Cardinal's hat because such an ecclesiastical title would give him the utmost prominence and precedence in the Conseil d'en haut, giving him the ability to remove his political adversaries with impunity.
In one day all the usual orders were conferred upon him, and even the great preacher Massillon consented to take part in the ceremonies. For the city in Ohio US see Massillon Ohio. Jean Baptiste Massillon ( June 24, 1663 - September 28, His next aim was the cardinalate, and, after long and most profitable negotiations on the part of Pope Clement XI, the red hat was given to him by Innocent XIII (1721), whose election was largely due to the bribes of Dubois. Pope Clement XI ( July 23, 1649 &ndash March 19, 1721) born Giovanni Francesco Albani, was Pope from 1700 until his death Pope Innocent XIII ( May 13, 1655 &ndash March 7, 1724) was pope from 1721 until his death It is estimated that this cardinalate cost France about eight million francs. In the following year he was named first minister of France (August). Early Modern France Chief Ministers of the French Kings Armand Jean du Plessis Cardinal Richelieu 1624-1642 Jules Cardinal He was soon after received at the Académie française; and he was named President of the Assembly of Clergy. L'Académie française, or the French Academy, is the pre-eminent French learned body on matters pertaining to the French language. The Assembly of the French Clergy ( Assemblée du Clergé de France) was in its origins a representative meeting of the Clergy of France held every five years for the purpose
When Louis XV attained his majority in 1723 Dubois remained chief minister. Louis XV (15 February 1710 &ndash 10 May 1774 ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774 He had accumulated an immense private fortune (though nothing compared to the avaricious acquisition of wealth of Concini, Richelieu, Mazarin, Fouquet, and Colbert) possessing in addition to his see the revenues of seven abbeys. He was, however, a prey to the most terrible pains of body and agony of mind. His health was ruined by his debaucheries, and a surgical operation became necessary. This was almost immediately followed by his death, at Versailles, on August 10, 1723. Versailles (vɛʀsaj in French) formerly de facto capital of the kingdom of France, is now a wealthy suburb of Paris and is still an important
His portrait was thus drawn by the duc de St Simon (who kept a painting of him in his lavatory): "He was a little, pitiful, wizened, herringgutted man, in a flaxen wig, with a weasel's face, brightened by some intellect. Louis de Rouvroy duc de Saint-Simon ( January 16, 1675 &ndash March 2, 1755) French soldier Diplomatist and writer All the vices - perfidy, avarice, debauchery, ambition, flattery - fought within him for the mastery. He was so consummate a liar that, when taken in the fact, he could brazenly deny it. Even his wit and knowledge of the world were spoiled, and his affected gaiety was touched with sadness, by the odour of falsehood which escaped through every pore of his body. " This famous picture is certainly biassed. Dubois was unscrupulous, but so were his contemporaries, and whatever vices he had, he forged a European peace that, with the exception of small, restrained military expeditions against the Austrian Habsburgs, would last for a quarter of a century.
In 1789 appeared Vie privée du Cardinal Dubois, attributed to one of his secretaries, Mongez; and in 1815 his Mémoires secrets et correspondance inédite, edited by L de Sevelinges. See also A Chéruel, Saint-Simon et l'abbé Dubois; L Wiesener, Le Régent, l'abbé Dubois et les Anglais (1891); and memoirs of the time. Pierre Adolphe Chéruel ( January 17, 1809 - May 1, 1891) was a French Historian.
He is famously played by Jean Rochefort in the movie by Bertrand Tavernier, Que la fête commence.... Jean Rochefort (born 29 April, 1930) is a French actor who has appeared in more than 100 movies Bertrand Tavernier (b April 25, 1941 in Lyon) is a French director, Screenwriter, Actor, and producer Que la fête commence (English title Let Joy Reign Supreme) is a 1975 French film directed by Bertrand Tavernier and starring Philippe
References
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
| Preceded by André Dacier |
Seat 28 Académie française 1722–1723 |
Succeeded by Charles-Jean-François Hénault |
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