Guberniya - Citizendia

Guberniya (Russian: губе́рния, Russian pronunciation: [guˈbʲɛrnʲɪjə]) (also gubernia, guberniia, gubernya) was a major administrative subdivision of the Imperial Russia, usually translated as government, governorate, or province. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya A Governorate is an Administrative division of a country It is headed by a Governor. A province is a territorial unit almost always an Administrative division. A guberniya was ruled by a governor or (губернатор, gubernator), a word borrowed from either Latin gubernator or Greek kybernates. A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government Sometimes the term "guberniya" was informally used to refer to the office of a governor.

This subdivision type was created by the edict (ukase) of Peter the Great on December 18, 1708, which divided Russia into eight guberniyas. Ukase (указ ukaz) in Imperial Russia was a proclamation of the Tsar, government or a religious leader ( Patriarch) that had the force of Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Year 1708 ( MDCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a In 1719, guberniyas were further subdivided into provinces (провинции). Later the number of guberniyas was increased to 23.

By the reform of 1775, subdivision into guberniyas and further into uyezds (уезды) was based on the amount of population, and the term "guberniya" was replaced by the synonym of Russian origin: namestnichestvo (наместничество), sometimes translated as "viceroyalty". Uyezd or uezd (уе́зд uˈjɛst was an admistrative subdivision of Rus', Muscovy, and Russian Empire used from the 13th century originally The term "guberniya", however, still remained in use. These viceroyalties were governed by namestniks (наместник) (literal translation: "deputy") or Governors General (генерал-губернатор). Namestnik (наме́стник) was an office position in the history of Russia. The term governor general or governor-general refers to a vice-regal representative of a Monarch in an independent realm or a major colonial circonscription Correspondingly, the term Governorate General (генерал-губернаторство) was in use to refer to the actual territory being governed. The office of Governor General had more administrative power and was in a higher position than the previous office of Governor. Sometimes a Governor General ruled several guberniyas.

By the ukase of Russian Senate by December 31, 1796, the office of Governorate General was demoted to the previous level of Governorate, and Russia was again divided into guberniyas, which were subdivided in uyezds, further subdivided into volosts (волость), nevertheless several Governorates General made from several guberniyas existed until 1917. A senate is a Deliberative body, often the Upper house or chamber of a Legislature or Parliament. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 1796 ( MDCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Volost or volost' was a traditional administrative subdivision in Eastern Europe.

The latter subdivision existed until after the Russian Revolution of 1917. See also Russian Revolution (1905 The Russian Revolution of 1916 refers to a series of popular revolutions in Russia, and the events surrounding them

For the guberniya (Polish gubernia) as a subdivision of the Congress Kingdom of Poland ("Russian Poland"), see Administrative division of Congress Poland. Congress Poland Kongresówka, officially and formally Kingdom of Poland (Królestwo Polskie {{IPA-pl|'|p|o|l|s|kʲ|e}} Царство Польское Tsarstvo Polskoye The Administrative division of Congress Poland changed several times

After the February Revolution, the Russian Provisional Government renamed governors into guberniya commissars. The February Revolution (Февральская революция in 1917 in Russia was the first stage of the Russian Revolution of 1917. The Russian Provisional Government was formed in Petrograd in 1917 after the February Revolution and the Abdication The October Revolution left the subdivision in place, but the governing apparatus was replaced by guberniya soviets (губернский совет). The October Revolution (Октябрьская революция Oktyabrskaya revolyutsiya) also known as the Soviet Revolution A soviet (сове́т, "council" originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia.

Actual subdivisions of the Soviet Union into particular territorial units was subject to numerous changes, especially during the 1918–1929 period. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Eventually, in 1929, the subdivision was replaced by the notions of oblast, okrug, and raion. Oblast (во́бласць oblast о́бласт oblast о́бласть област/ oblast; oblasť област о́бласть is a type of Administrative division Okrug (окръг Serbian and о́круг округа translit For the manufactured regenerated fiber see Rayon A raion (or rayon) (райо́н ra'jon rayon раён რაიონი

In modern Russia, although the term Guberniya is obsolete, the word gubernator is used when referring to a governor of an oblast or a krai. Oblast (во́бласць oblast о́бласт oblast о́бласть област/ oblast; oblasť област о́бласть is a type of Administrative division Krai or kray (край is a term used to refer to nine of Russia 's 83 federal subjects.

Governorates of the Russian Empire (1708-1726)

1708-1709

Azov

1710-1712

1713

1714-1716

N. The Kazan Governorate (Каза́нская губе́рния; Tatar: Qazan gubernası / Казан губернасы; Chuvash: Хусан кěперниě For the Italian municipality see Ingria Italy. For the Brachiopod Genus, see Ingria (brachiopod. The Smolensk Governate (Смоле́нская губе́рния or Government of Smolensk was a Governorate ( Guberniya) of the The Saint Petersburg Governorate (Санкт-Петербургская губерния or Sankt-Peterburgskaya guberniya) or Government of Saint Petersburg was a The Moscow Governorate ( Pre-Reform Russian: Московская губернiя Московская губерния or Government of Moscow was a governorate The Governorate of Livonia (Vidzemes guberņa Liivimaa kubermang Лифляндская губерния Livländisches Gouvernement or Livland, also known as the Novgorod

1717-1718

Astrakhan

1719-1724

Nizhny Novgorod

Reval

1725

Voronezh

1726

Smolensk

The Governorates of Archangelgorod, Kiev and Siberia remained constant between 1708 and 1726. The Governorate of Est(honia (Эстляндская губерния or Estlyandskaya guberniya) or Estland, also known as the Government of Estonia The Smolensk Governate (Смоле́нская губе́рния or Government of Smolensk was a Governorate ( Guberniya) of the The Archangelgorod Governorate (Архангелогородская губерния also known as the Government of Archangelgorod, was one of the eight original governorates Kiev Governorate ( pre-reform Russian: ru Кіевская губернія or Government of Kiev, was an administrative unit ( Guberniya) of