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This article is about the city of Guayaquil. For the canton named after this city, see Guayaquil (canton). The canton of Guayaquil is a canton in the center of the Guayas province in western Ecuador.
Santiago de Guayaquil
Skyline of Santiago de Guayaquil
Flag of Santiago de Guayaquil
Flag		 Official seal of Santiago de Guayaquil
Seal
Nickname: La Perla del Pacífico
Santiago de Guayaquil (Ecuador)
Santiago de Guayaquil
Santiago de Guayaquil
Location in Ecuador
Coordinates: 2°11′S 79°53′W / -2.183, -79.883
Country Ecuador
Province Guayas
Canton Guayaquil (canton)
Government
 - Mayor Jaime Nebot (PSC)
Area
 - City 1,214. A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Ecuador topics. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Ecuador topics. |||} Ecuador is divided into 24 Provinces ( Spanish: provincias, singular provincia) The provinces of Ecuador are divided into 226 cantons The cantons are subdivided into parishes ( parroquias) The canton of Guayaquil is a canton in the center of the Guayas province in western Ecuador. A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Jaime Nebot (born October 22, 1946) is an Ecuadorian politician The Social Christian Party ( Spanish: Partido Social Cristiano; PSC) is a centre-right Political party in Ecuador. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 4 km² (468. To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions we list here areas between 1000 km2 and 10000 km2 9 sq mi)
 - Land 785. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 6 km² (303. 3 sq mi)
 - Water 428. 8 km² (165. 6 sq mi)
Population (2004)
 - City 1,985,379
 - Density 1,634. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 8/km² (4,668/sq mi)
 - Metro 2,489,865
Time zone ECT (UTC-5)
Website: http://www.guayaquil.gov.ec

Santiago de Guayaquil, or just Guayaquil (pronounced [waʝaˈkil]), is the largest and the most populous city in Ecuador, as well as that nation's main port. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central Ecuador Time ( ECT) as named by Zoneinfo, is the time observed in mainland Ecuador since 1931 UTC−5 is the Time offset used in the North American Eastern Time Zone during Standard time and in the North American Central Time Zone during A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Ecuador topics. Guayaquil is on the west margin of the Guayas River, which flows into the Gulf of Guayaquil in the Pacific Ocean. The Guayas River is a River in western Ecuador. It gives name to the Guayas Province, and it is the most important river in South America The Gulf of Guayaquil is a large Body of water of the Pacific Ocean in western South America. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions The climate is hot and generally dry. Though during El Niño years rainfall is very heavy between January and April and flooding usually occurs, from May to December and outside El Niños, there is almost no rain as the city is influenced by the Humboldt Current. El Niño-Southern Oscillation ( ENSO; commonly referred to as simply El Niño) is a global coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon The Humboldt Current is a cold low- Salinity Ocean current that flows north-westward along the west coast of South America from the southern tip of Chile Fog is a normal occurrence during the dry months, so that sunshine hours are actually a little higher during the "wet" season. Fog is a cloud that is in contact with the ground Stratus clouds are usually the only clouds that touch the ground

Guayaquil is at 2. 21°S 79. 90°W, about 250 km south-southwest of the capital of Ecuador, Quito. Quito, officially San Francisco de Quito, is the Capital of Ecuador in northwestern South America. According to the most recent census (2001), its population was 1,985,379. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. However, the estimated metropolitan population was 2,489,865.

Guayaquil is the capital of the Ecuadorian province of Guayas and the seat of the namesake canton. The canton of Guayaquil is a canton in the center of the Guayas province in western Ecuador. (In Ecuador, a cantón (canton) is a second-order subnational entity below a first-order province. The provinces of Ecuador are divided into 226 cantons The cantons are subdivided into parishes ( parroquias) Examples of administrative divisions English terms In many of the following terms corresponding to British cultural influence areas of relatively low mean population A province is a territorial unit almost always an Administrative division. )

The city is the center of Ecuador's fishing and manufacturing industries.

The city's new airport, José Joaquín de Olmedo International Airport (IATA airport code: GYE), though using the same runways, had its passenger terminal completely rebuilt in 2006 and was renamed. José Joaquín de Olmedo International Airport, formerly called Simón Bolívar International Airport (Aeropuerto Internacional José Joaquín de Olmedo is an Airport Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The old passenger terminal is now a convention center.

Contents


History

Guayaquil's waterfront around 1920.
Guayaquil's waterfront around 1920.

Guayaquil was founded on July 25 (see note below), 1538 with the name Muy Noble y Muy Leal Ciudad de Santiago de Guayaquil by Spanish Conquistador Francisco de Orellana. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler This article is about the Spanish explorer soldiers of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuriesfor other uses see Conquistador (disambiguation A Conquistador Francisco de Orellana ( Trujillo, Spain, 1511 - Amazon River, November 1546 was a Spanish Explorer and Conquistador. Even before it was founded by the Spanish, it already existed as a native village.

Note - July 25 is the legal holiday in Guayaquil. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Historians have not yet reached a consensus about the date of Guayaquil's foundation or founder. The city might have been founded more than once. Another possible founder might be Diego de Almagro.

Note - As many Ecuadorians know the City of Guayaquil was founded 3 times. The first foundation was made in the skirts of the Babahoyo River by Sebastián de Benalcázar on July 25, 1535; The city was later destroyed by the Huancavilcan (Local indians). The second foundation was made 1536, by captain Francisco de Zaerà. On July 25, 1538 Francisco de Orellana, re-made the city en the Green Hill. In 1547, the King of Spain gave to the city its Seal of Arms and made it known as "Noble and Loyal," - Personal comment. - I have seen wiki in spanish in my studies of Ecuadorian history in Ecuador I never heard the dates mention in this wiki about the foundation of Guayaquil. Overral had 3 foundations main reason being destroyed / burned by local indians as the city was back then Port City to Spain and still is a Port City. As well as Guayaquilians celebrate the first foundation of 1535 rather then others.

In 1600 Guayaquil had a population of about 2,000 people; by 1700 the city had a population of over 10,000.

In 1687, Guayaquil was attacked and looted by English and French pirates under the command of George d'Hout (English) and Picard and Groniet (Frenchmen). Piracy is Robbery committed at sea or sometimes on shore without a commission from a sovereign Nation (as distinct from Privateering Of the more than 260 pirates, 35 died and 46 were wounded; 75 defenders of the city died and more than 100 were wounded. The pirates took local women as concubines. Concubinage is the state of a woman or youth in an ongoing quasi-matrimonial relationship with a man of higher social status Quito paid the ransom demanded by the pirates with the condition they release the hostages and not burn Guayaquil.

Monument depicting the meeting between Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín.
Monument depicting the meeting between Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín. Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios y Blanco,Venezuelan or commonly known as Simón Bolívar ( July 24, 1783 &ndash José Francisco de San Martín Matorras, also known as José de San Martín ( 25 February 1778 – 17 August 1850) was an Argentine

In 1709, the English captains Woodes Rogers, Etienne Courtney, and William Dampier along with 110 other pirates, looted Guayaquil and demanded ransom; however, they suddenly departed without collecting the ransom after an epidemic of yellow fever broke out. Year 1709 ( MDCCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Yellow fever (also called yellow jack, black vomit or sometimes American Plague) is an acute viral disease

In October 9, 1820, almost without bloodshed, a group of civilians supported by soldiers from the "Granaderos de Reserva", a battalion quartered in Guayaquil, overwhelmed the resistance of the Royalist guards and arrested the Spanish authorities. Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. Year 1820 ( MDCCCXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Guayaquil declared independence from Spain, becoming Provincia Libre de Guayaquil, and José Joaquín de Olmedo was named Jefe Civil (Civil Chief) of Guayaquil. José Joaquín de Olmedo y Maruri ( Guayaquil, March 20, 1780 - February 19, 1847) A patriot and a poet son of the Spaniard Captain This would prove to be a key victory for the Ecuadorian War of Independence. The Ecuadorian War of Independence was fought from 1820 to 1822 between several South American armies and Spain over control of the lands of the Royal Audience

On July 26, 1822, José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar held a famous conference in Guayaquil to plan for the independence of Spanish South America. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus Year 1822 (MDCCCXXII was a Common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Sunday of the José Francisco de San Martín Matorras, also known as José de San Martín ( 25 February 1778 – 17 August 1850) was an Argentine Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios y Blanco,Venezuelan or commonly known as Simón Bolívar ( July 24, 1783 &ndash The Guayaquil conference (Conferencia de Guayaquil was an interview that took place on July 26, 1822, in Guayaquil, Ecuador, between José Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a

The city suffered from a major fire in 1896 which destroyed large portions of the city. Fire is the heat and light energy released during a Chemical reaction, in particular a combustion reaction. Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year

The city has been invaded by the Peruvian Military on two occasions: in 1829 and 1860. The Peruvian Armed Forces (Fuerzas Armadas del Perú are the military services of Peru, comprising independent Army Navy and Air Force components For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting

Guayaquil at present

World Trade Center Guayaquil.
World Trade Center Guayaquil.
Intersection of av. Nine of October and Panama, in the center of Guayaquil.
Intersection of av. Nine of October and Panama, in the center of Guayaquil.
Climate chart for Guayaquil
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Imperial conversion

The Guayaquil of today continues its tradition of trade, and now is in the process of a fundamentally economic bet on tourism. This is reflected by changes in the ornamentation of the city and an improvement in the self-esteem of the citizens. This process has taken years, comprising the last two municipal administrations. Despite having few historic buildings, renovations and expansions of levees, squares, parks, and some districts have turned to Guayaquil into a national and international tourist destination. It is now a headquarters for fairs and international events.

The main source of income guayaquileños are formal and informal trade, business, agriculture and aquaculture; trade in the vast majority of the population consists of SMB, adding an important informal economy occupation that gives thousands of guayaquileños. In Economics, the term informal economy (or second economy in the South African context refers to all economic activities that fall outside the formal [1] Despite this, Guayaquil is the city with the highest rate of unemployment (about 40% of the economically active population) and unemployment (about 11% of the economically active population ) of Ecuador. Unemployment occurs when a person is available to work and currently seeking work but the person is without work. Unemployment occurs when a person is available to work and currently seeking work but the person is without work.

Guayaquil maintains an infrastructure for import and export of products with international standards. Among its major trading bridges are: the Seaport, the main in Ecuador and one of the biggest influx of shipping on the shores of the Pacific and José Joaquín de Olmedo International Airport. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions José Joaquín de Olmedo International Airport, formerly called Simón Bolívar International Airport (Aeropuerto Internacional José Joaquín de Olmedo is an Airport Additionally, it has an infrastructure of roads to other cities and provinces, which are considered the best in the country.

Ongoing projects seek urban regeneration as a principal objective to the growth of the city's commercial helmets, the increase of capital produces imcome. These projects in the city driven by the recent mayors have achieved this goal after investing large sums of money. The current municipal administration aims to convert Guayaquil in a place for first-class international tourism and business multinationals. [2]

Government

Guayaquil's current mayor (alcalde) is Jaime Nebot [ˈxai. me ne. ˈβot], a well-known member of the political party Partido Social Cristiano. A political party is a Political organization that seeks to attain and maintain political power within Government, usually by participating in electoral The Social Christian Party ( Spanish: Partido Social Cristiano; PSC) is a centre-right Political party in Ecuador. Jaime Nebot began a campaign of construction projects for the city in the late 1990s to attract tourism, that included the "urban regeneration", which reconstructed the city in all levels including sidewalks, parks, sewer system, it took the power and telephone lines underground, it saw a lot of reconstruction of the city's chaotic transit system with the construction of multiple infrastructures (streets, speedways, overhead passages, tunnels, etc. The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999 Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel ).

In August 2006, the city's first bus rapid transit system, Metrovía, opened to provide a quicker, high-capacity service. One of the main projects was called Malecón 2000 [ma. Malecón 2000 is the name given to boardwalk overlooking the Guayas River in the Ecuadorian port city of Guayaquil. le. ˈkon ðoz ˈmil], the renovation of the breakwater (malecón) along the Guayas River with the addition of a boardwalk in 2000. Breakwaters are structures constructed on coasts as part of coastal defence or to protect an anchorage from the effects of Weather and Longshore drift. For the record label see Boardwalk Records. for the former Las Vegas hotel see Boardwalk Hotel and Casino. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Another project was the creation of the Nuevo Parque Histórico, a park in a housing development area that is called Entre Ríos because it lies between the Daule and Babahoyo rivers (which confluence to form the Guayas river), in a mangrove wetland area. Mangroves (generally are Trees and Shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the Tropics and Subtropics. A wetland is an area of Land consisting of Soil that is Saturated with Moisture, such as a Swamp, Marsh, or Bog The park cost the city about 7 million dollars. It is a refuge for fauna and a zone of historical-architecture preservation, and has a traditions-and-history exhibition center. The idea of the creation of this park came from Ecuador's central bank in 1982, as part of their "Rescate Arquitectónico" ("Architectural Rescue") program. A central bank, reserve bank, or monetary authority is the entity responsible for the Monetary policy of a country or of a group of member states

Sectors of Guayaquil City

Territorial organization of Guayaquil City
Number of the sector in reference with the City Map
# Sectors # Sectors # Sectors
1 9 de Octubre Este 25 Febres Cordero 49 Prosperina
2 9 de Octubre Oeste 26 Floresta 50 Puerto Azul Norte
3 Abel Gilbert 27 La Florida 51 Puerto Azul Sur
4 Acuarela 28 García Moreno 52 Puerto Lisa
5 Los Álamos 29 Garzota 53 Quinto Guayas Este
6 Alborada Este 30 Guangala 54 Quinto Guayas Oeste
7 Alborada Oeste 31 Guasmo Este 55 Río Guayas
8 Los Almendros 32 Guasmo Oeste 56 Roca
9 Las Américas 33 Huancavilca 57 Rocafuerte
10 Atarazana 34 Isla Trinitaria 58 La Saiba
11 Ayacucho 35 Kennedy 59 Samanes
12 Bastión Popular 36 Letamendi 60 San Eduardo
13 Batallón del Suburbio 37 Luz del Guayas 61 Los Sauces
14 Bellavista 38 Mapasingue 62 Simón Bolívar
15 Bolívar 39 Miraflores 63 Sopeña
16 Los Ceibos 40 Monte Bello 64 Sucre
17 Centenario 41 Olmedo 65 Tarqui
18 Cerro del Carmen 42 Las Orquidias Este 66 Unión
19 Cóndor 43 Las Orquidias Oeste 67 Urdenor
20 Cuba 44 Paraíso 68 Urdaneta
21 Del Astillero 45 Pascuales 69 Urdesa
22 Estero Salado 46 Pedro Carbo 70 Los Vergeles
23 Los Esteros 47 Las Peñas 71 Ximena
24 La FAE 48 La Pradera

Demographics

According to the most recent census (2001), its population was 1. 985. 379.

Historical Populations Guayaquil City
Compared with Guayas Province, Canton of Guayaquil, and Guayaquil City[3]
Census Guayas Province Canton of Guayaquil Guayaquil City
1950 582. 144 331. 942 258. 966
1962 979. 223 567. 895 510. 804
1974 1. 512. 333 907. 013 823. 219
1982 2. 038. 454 1. 328. 005 1. 199. 344
1990 2. 515. 146 1. 570. 396 1. 508. 444
2001 4. 509. 034 2. 148. 779 1. 985. 379
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas y Censos
Percentage Population Growth of Guayaquil City
Compared with Guayas Province, Canton of Guayaquil, and Guayaquil City. [4]
Census Guayas Province Canton of Guayaquil Guayaquil City
1950-1962 4,34% 4,49% 5,67%
1962-1974 3,77% 4,06% 4,14%
1974-1982 3,52% 4,50% 4,44%
1982-1990 2,63% 2,10% 2,87%
1990-2001 2,49% 2,38% 2,50%
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas y Censos

Food

Bandera: Arroz con bistec de carne y puré
Bandera: Arroz con bistec de carne y puré

Typical Guayaquil cuisine includes encebollado (one of many typical seafood soups), ceviche, arroz con menestra y carne (rice and beans with grilled or fried beef)[1], patacones (twice-fried plantain slices), and pan de yuca (bread made from cassava), and llapingachos, fried potato cakes with cheese. Encebollado is a popular dish from Ecuador. While it originates from the coast it is popular around the whole country due to restaurants featuring the region's cuisine Ceviche (also spelled as cebiche or seviche) is a form of citrus- Marinated Seafood Salad, popular in mainly Latin American countries The cassava, yuca, manioc, or mandioca ( Manihot esculenta) is a woody Shrub of the Euphorbiaceae (spurge family native Llapingacho is a famous dish in Ecuador Llapingacho's History Llapingacho originated in Ecuador’s Highlands Depending where you stay and if you want a night snack, there are usually people out in carts selling morocho and papi-pollo.

Notable people

Artists

Ecuador is known for its artists and its place in art history. The definition of an artist is wide-ranging and covers a broad spectrum of Activities to do with creating Art, practicing the Arts and/or demonstrating Many of them were born in Guayaquil, such as:

Museum of Anthropology and Contemporary Art (MAAC), near the breakwater (photo taken in 2000).
Museum of Anthropology and Contemporary Art (MAAC), near the breakwater (photo taken in 2000).
Branch of the Ecuadorian Central Bank (Banco Central del Ecuador or BCE) in Guayaquil (December 8, 2004).
Branch of the Ecuadorian Central Bank (Banco Central del Ecuador or BCE) in Guayaquil (December 8, 2004). Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A central bank, reserve bank, or monetary authority is the entity responsible for the Monetary policy of a country or of a group of member states Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "

Others

Other notable people from Guayaquil include:

Religious buildings

Guayaquil has a cathedral and many other Roman Catholic churches. There is a temple and many chapels of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the fourth largest Christian denomination in the United States and the largest and most well-known Many other faiths and religions are represented throughout the city.

Sports

There are two major soccer clubs. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered The Barcelona Sporting Club and the Club Sport Emelec. Barcelona Sporting Club is an Ecuadorian football team located in the country's most populous city Guayaquil. Club Sport Emelec is a Sports club from Guayaquil, Ecuador. Emelec has won the highest total number of Ecuadorian championship cups if you take into Both clubs have their own stadiums, The Estadio Monumental Isidro Romero Carbo is the home of the "Barcelonistas" while the Estadio George Capwell is the home of the "Emeleccistas". The Estadio Monumental Banco Pichincha (officially Estadio Monumental Isidro Romero Carbo) is a football Stadium located in the parish of Tarqui Estadio George Capwell is a multi-use Stadium in Guayaquil, Ecuador. These two teams have a long history of rivalry in Guayaquil and when these two teams play against each other the game is called "El Clásico del Astillero". (Emelec is short for "Empresa Electrica" - the team is sponsored by the electric power company. )

The city is also the home of Nicolas Lapentti, an active tennis player that is top 100 at the Current ATP Race. Nicolás Alexander Lapentti Gómez (born August 13, 1976 in Guayaquil) is a professional Tennis player from Ecuador who is currently

The "Abierto de Tenis Ciudad de Guayaquil" is a tennis tournament organized in Guayaquil every year by Andrés Gómez and Luis Morejon in November of every year. Andrés Gómez (born February 27 1960, in Guayaquil, Ecuador) is a former professional Tennis player from Ecuador Luis Adrián Morejón (born March 28, 1973, in Guayaquil) is a former Tennis player from Ecuador who turned professional in 1991

Another major event in the city is the Guayaquil Marathon, organized by DM3, which is held every year on the first weekend of October since 2005. The Guayaquil Marathon is an annual Marathon road race which takes place in Guayaquil, Ecuador, on the first Sunday of October These race is certified by the (AIMS)Association of International Marathons and Distance Races.

Universities

Some of Guayaquil's main universities are:

Notable places

Las Peñas Neighborhood.
Las Peñas Neighborhood. Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo ( UEES) is a non-profit private university located in Guayaquil,

The Malecón 2000 is a restoration project of the historic Simon Bolivar Pier. It will be a symbolic center of the city, a mix of green areas and shopping.

The Palacio Municipal is located in front of the Malecón and holds the political offices of city and provincial officials. Built in a neoclassical style, it is considered one of the most important architectural works in the country.

Las Peñas Neighborhood in the northeast corner of the city's center, is the artistic center of the city. Many of the area's 400-year-old houses have been converted into art galleries and several notable artists have studios in the area.

The Mercado Artesanal is the largest artisan market in the city. The market is housed in a 240-shop building that takes up the entire block of Baquerizo Avenue, between the streets Loja and Juan Montalvo. Its many vendors sell indigenous crafts, jewelry, and paintings.

Parque Centenario is located on the street 9 de Octubre, between Lorenzo de Garaycoa and Quito. This is the largest park downtown, occupying four city blocks. It offers shady refuge from the equatorial sun, with large trees arching over the walkways and lawns. A large Statue of Liberty dominates the central area of the park.

Parque Seminario (also known as Parque de Las Iguanas or Iguana Park) located on 10 de Agosto Avenue and Chile, is home to many iguanas, some of which approach 5 feet in length. Tourists and locals alike often feed the iguanas mango slices from park vendors. There is also a pond filled with colorful Japanese Tilapia. Tilapia (təˌlɑpiə is the common name for nearly a hundred Species of Cichlid Fishes from the Tilapiine cichlid tribe An equestrian statue of Simón Bolívar is located in the center of the park.

Bahia is a popular marketplace for toys, clothing, electronic goods, DVDs, and CDs.

Sister cities

Guayaquil has city partnerships with the following cities and/or regions:

See also

References

  1. ^ Guayaquil y como el mercado siempre aparece: El retorno de los ‘informales’, Diario Expreso
  2. ^ Proyecto de Regeneración Urbana de Guayaquil, artículo «¿Por qué Guayaquil requería regeneración urbana?» de la M. I. Municipalidad de Guayaquil
  3. ^ Evolución de la población de la provincia, Cantón Guayaquil, y de la Ciudad de Guayaquil - Guayas, Censo 2001, Según el Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas y Censos
  4. ^ Evolución de la población de la provincia, Cantón Guayaquil, y de la Ciudad de Guayaquil - Guayas, Censo 2001, Según el Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas y Censos

External links

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