The Guantanamo Bay detention camp is a United States detention centre operated by Joint Task Force Guantanamo since 2002 in Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, which is on the shore of Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. Camp X-Ray was a temporary detention facility at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp of Joint Task Force Guantanamo on the U January 2002: ← - January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Joint Task Force Guantanamo (JTF-GTMO is one of the US military units based at the United States Navy base located at Guantánamo Bay Cuba on the southeastern Guantánamo Bay ( Spanish Bahía de Guantánamo) is a bay located in Guantánamo Province at the south-eastern end of Cuba The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la [1] The detainment areas consist of three camps in the base: Camp Delta (which includes Camp Echo), Camp Iguana, and Camp X-Ray (which has been closed). Camp Delta, situated at, composed of detention camps 1 2 3 4 and Camp Echo, is a permanent 612-unit detainment camp at Guantanamo Bay that replaced This article concerns a Guantanamo Bay detention camp For an Iraqi camp of the Multinational Division Central-South see Camp Echo (Iraq. Camp Iguana is a small compound in the detainment camp complex on the US Naval base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Camp X-Ray was a temporary detention facility at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp of Joint Task Force Guantanamo on the U The facility is often referred to as Guantanamo, or Gitmo (derived from the abbreviation "GTMO"). [2] [3] The detainees held have been classified by the United States as "enemy combatants" The Bush administration had claimed that these prisoners were not entitled to the protections of the Geneva Conventions, but the U.S. Supreme Court ruled against this interpretation on 29 June 2006. The term enemy combatant has historically referred to members of the armed forces of the state with which another state is at war The Geneva Conventions consist of four Treaties formulated in Geneva, Switzerland, that set the standards for International law for humanitarian The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. June 2006 was a month with thirty days The following events also occurred during the month [4] Following this, on July 7, 2006, the Department of Defense issued an internal memo stating that prisoners will in the future be entitled to protection under the Geneva Conventions. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [5][6][7]
Since the beginning of the current war in Afghanistan, 775 detainees have been brought to Guantanamo, approximately 420 of which have been released without charge. The War in Afghanistan, which began on October 7 2001 as the U As of May 2008, approximately 270 detainees remain. International holidays May 1 - Labour Day ( Pakistan) May 1 - Labour Day ( Singapore) [8] More than a fifth are cleared for release but may have to wait months or years because U. The month is a unit of Time, used with Calendars which is approximately as long as some natural period related to the motion of the Moon; A year (from Old English gēr) is the time between two recurrences of an event related to the Orbit of the Earth around the Sun S. officials are finding it increasingly difficult to persuade countries to accept them, according to officials and defense lawyers. Of the roughly 355 still incarcerated, U. S. officials said they intend to eventually put 60 to 80 on trial and free the rest. On February 9, 2008, it was reported that 6 of the detainees at the Guantanamo Bay facility would be tried for conspiracy in the September 11, 2001 attacks. Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [9]. In May 2008, the Pentagon claimed that 36 former Guantanamo inmates were "confirmed or suspected of having returned to terrorism"[10]
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Facilities and detainees
From the 1970s onwards, the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base was used to house Cuban and Haitian refugees intercepted on the high seas. International holidays May 1 - Labour Day ( Pakistan) May 1 - Labour Day ( Singapore) Haiti ( English: ˈheɪ·tiː or haɪ·ˈjiː·tiː French Haïti a·i·ti Haitian Creole: According to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, a refugee is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race In the early 1990s, it held refugees who fled Haiti in Camp Bulkeley until United States District Court Judge Sterling Johnson Jr. declared the camp unconstitutional on June 8, 1993, and the last Haitian migrants departed in late 1995. Camp Bulkeley was a Detention center located within the United States Military base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, where HIV -positive The United States district courts are the general Trial courts of the United States federal court system. Sterling Johnson Jr (born May 14 1934 Brooklyn New York) is a senior United States District Judge for the Eastern District of New York. Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) In June 2005, the United States Department of Defense announced that a unit of defense contractor Halliburton will build a new $30 million detention facility and security perimeter around the base. 2005: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government A defense contractor (or defence contractor, also sometimes called a military contractor) is a Business organization or individual that provides products Halliburton Energy Services ( is a US -based Multinational corporation with operations in more than 70 countries Camp Delta is a 612-unit detention center built between February 27 and April 2002 which includes detention camps 1 through 6 and Camp Echo. Camp Delta, situated at, composed of detention camps 1 2 3 4 and Camp Echo, is a permanent 612-unit detainment camp at Guantanamo Bay that replaced Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation This article concerns a Guantanamo Bay detention camp For an Iraqi camp of the Multinational Division Central-South see Camp Echo (Iraq. Most of the security force there is U.S. Army military police, and U. S. Navy Master-at Arms. Camp Echo, part of the Camp Delta compound, is a detention center where pre-commissions are held — its detainees are allowed to talk to lawyers. A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law as an attorney, Counsel or Solicitor; a person [11]However, the conversations are classified and notes have to be submitted to The Pentagon, which decides whether to declassify the information. The Pentagon is the Headquarters of the United States Department of Defense, located in Arlington County, Virginia. [12]
Camp Iguana is a smaller, low-security compound, located about a kilometer from the main prison compound. Camp Iguana is a small compound in the detainment camp complex on the US Naval base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand In 2002 and 2003, it housed three detainees who were under 16 and was closed when they were flown home in January 2004. January 2004: &larr - January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August The compound was reopened in mid-2005 to house some of the 38 detainees who were determined by the Combatant Status Review Tribunals not to be "enemy combatants". The Combatant Status Review Tribunals ( CSRT) are a set of Tribunals purposed to determine whether Detainees held by the United It was claimed that those who could not safely be repatriated to their home countries were moved to Camp Iguana. Camp X-Ray was a temporary detention facility which was closed in April 2002, and its prisoners were transferred to Camp Delta. Camp X-Ray was a temporary detention facility at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp of Joint Task Force Guantanamo on the U April 2002: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September
A recent report by the Associated Press indicates that a 7th camp, entitled Camp 7, is also a separate facility on the naval base. The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio It is considered the highest security among all jails on the base, and its location is classified. [13]
On 22 September 2004, ten prisoners were brought from Afghanistan. December 2002: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September 2004: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, In July 2005, 242 detainees were moved out of Guantánamo, including 173 that were released without charge, and 69 transferred to the governments of other countries, according to the United States Department of Defense. 2005: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government [14] By November 2005, 358 of the 505 detainees held at Guantánamo Bay had had Administrative Review Board hearings[15]. PortalCurrent events News collections and sources See WikipediaNews collections and sources. The Administrative Review Board is a United States military body that conducts an annual review of the Suspects held by the United States in Camp Delta Of these, 3% were granted and were awaiting release, 20% were to be transferred, 37% were to be further detained at Guantánamo, and no decision had been made in 40% of the cases. Of the 505 detainees, 100 or more are from Saudi Arabia, about 80 from Yemen, about 65 from Pakistan, about 50 from Afghanistan and two from Syria
From 2002 to 2006 there have been several hunger strikes at Guantánamo Bay, with up to 200 participants according to some reports. A hunger strike is a method of Non-violent resistance or pressure in which participants fast as an act of political Protest, or to provoke feelings of [16] Numerous participants were being force-fed through a feeding tube when their safety was judged to have been compromised. On 30 May 2006, The Australian reported that there were 75 detainees on hunger strike. May 2006 was a month with thirty-one days The following events also occurred during the month The Australian, also referred to as The Oz, is a Broadsheet Newspaper published in Australia Monday through Saturday each [17] The Center for Constitutional Rights has prepared a biography of some of the prisoners currently being held in Guantanamo Prison. The Center for Constitutional Rights ( CCR) is a non-profit legal advocacy organization based in New York City, New York, U A biography (from the Greek words bíos (βίος meaning "life" and gráphein (γράφειν meaning "to write" is an account [1]PDF (409 KB)
Operating Procedures
A manual called "Camp Delta Standard Operating Procedure" (SOP), dated February 28 2003 and designated "Unclassified//For Official Use Only", was published on Wikileaks. Wikileaks is a website that publishes anonymous submissions and leaks of sensitive Governmental Corporate, or Religious documents while This is the main document for the operation of Guantanamo Bay, including the securing and treatment of detainees. The 238-page document includes procedures for identity cards and Muslim burial. An identity document, also called a piece of identification ( ID) is a document used to verify aspects of a person's Identity. It is signed by Major General Geoffrey D. Miller. Geoffrey D Miller (born c 1949 is a retired United States Army Major General who commanded the US detention facilities at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba The document is the subject of an ongoing legal action between the ACLU, which has been trying to obtain it from the Department of Defense. The American Civil Liberties Union ( ACLU) consists of two separate Non-profit organizations the ACLU Foundation a 501(c(3 organization which focuses [18][19]
Conditions
Prisoners are held in individual cells modeled on prisons in the United States, and include a bed and individual toilet. Detainees have rations similar to those of U. S. forces, with consideration for Muslim dietary needs. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion However on occasion many of the detainees have been denied access to the Quran for daily prayer, due to claimed "high security measures" and as a form of preparation for interrogation. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran Detainees are kept in isolation most of the day, are blindfolded when moving within the camp and are forbidden to talk in groups of more than three. A blindfold (from Middle English blindfellen) is a Garment, usually of Cloth, tied to one's head to cover the Eyes to disable the wearer's United States doctrine in dealing with prisoners of war states that isolation and silence are effective means in breaking down the will to resist interrogation. Interrogation or questioning is Interviewing as commonly employed by officers of the Police and Military. Red Cross inspectors and released detainees have alleged acts of torture[20] [21], including sleep deprivation, beatings and locking in confined and cold cells. The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is an International humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers worldwide who stated Torture, according to the United Nations Convention Against Torture, is "any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental is intentionally Sleep deprivation is a general lack of the necessary amount of Sleep. Human rights groups argue that indefinite detention constitutes torture.
The use of Guantánamo Bay as a military prison has drawn criticism from human rights organizations and others, who cite reports that detainees have been tortured[22] or otherwise poorly treated. Human rights refers to the "basic Rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled Supporters of the detention argue that trial review of detentions has never been afforded to prisoners of war, and that it is reasonable for enemy combatants to be detained until the cessation of hostilities.
The Bush administration has declared that the Third Geneva Convention does not apply to al-Qaeda or Taliban fighters, since the Geneva convention only applies to uniformed soldiers of a recognized government. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. The Geneva Conventions consist of four Treaties formulated in Geneva, Switzerland, that set the standards for International law for humanitarian Al-Qaeda, alternatively spelled al-Qaida, al-Qa`ida or al-Qa`idah, ( Arabic:; ar-Latn ''al-qāʿidah'' Translation: The The Taliban ( طالبان, also anglicised as Taleban; translation "students" is a Sunni Islamist, predominately Military uniforms comprises standardised Dress worn by members of the Armed forces of various nations Jim Phillips of the Heritage Foundation claimed that "some of these terrorists who are not recognized as soldiers don't deserve to be treated as soldiers. The Heritage Foundation is an American conservative Think tank. "[23] Critics of U. S. policy say the government has violated the Conventions in attempting to create a distinction between "prisoners of war" and "illegal combatants. "[24] A U. S. district court partially agreed with the Bush administration, finding that the Geneva Conventions apply to Taliban fighters but not to al-Qaeda terrorists. [25] Amnesty International has called the situation "a human rights scandal" in a series of reports. Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a Western based international Non-governmental organization which defines its mission as "to [26]
One of the allegations of abuse at the camp is the abuse of the religion of the detainees. [27][28][29][30][31][32]The US government has claimed that they respect all religious and cultural sensitivities. However, prisoners released from the camp have alleged that abuse of religion including flushing the Qur'an down the toilet, defacing the Qur'an, writing comments and remarks on the Qur'an, tearing pages out of the Qur'an and denying detainees a copy of the Qur'an. The Qur'an desecration controversy of 2005 began when Newsweek's April 30 issue contained a report about U These allegations were highlighted by Pakistan politician Imran Khan. One of the justifications offered for the continued detention of Mesut Sen, during his Administrative Review Board hearing, was:[33]
- "Emerging as a leader, the detainee has been leading the detainees around him in prayer. Mehut Sen is a Belgian held in Extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantanamo Bay detention camps in Cuba. The Administrative Review Board is a United States military body that conducts an annual review of the Suspects held by the United States in Camp Delta The detainees listen to him speak and follow his actions during prayer. "
Suicide attempts
By 2008 there had been at least 4 completed suicides and hundreds of suicide attempts in Guantanamo that are public knowledge. On June 10 2006 three prisoners held by the United States at the Guantanamo Bay detainment camps committed Suicide. [34] No information is available on the number of suicides of prisoners that are classified secret, or their suicide attempts. On 10 June 2006, three detainees were found dead, who, according to the Pentagon, "killed themselves in an apparent suicide pact". June 2006 was a month with thirty days The following events also occurred during the month Regular pentagons The term pentagon is commonly used to mean a regular convex pentagon, where all sides are equal and all interior angles are equal (to [35] Prison commander Rear Admiral Harry Harris claimed this was not an act of desperation, despite prisoners' pleas to the contrary, but rather "an act of asymmetric warfare committed against us". Harry Harris may refer to Harry Harris (admiral, US commander of Guantanamo Harry Harris (boxer Harry Harris (director Asymmetric warfare originally referred to War between two or more belligerents whose relative military power differs significantly [36][37][38]
Amnesty International said the apparent suicides "are the tragic results of years of arbitrary and indefinite detention" and called the prison "an indictment" of the George W. Bush administration's human rights record. Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a Western based international Non-governmental organization which defines its mission as "to The Presidency of George W Bush began on his inauguration on January 20, 2001 as the 43rd and current President of the United States of America [38] Saudi Arabia's state-sponsored Saudi Human Rights group blamed the U. S. for the deaths. "There are no independent monitors at the detention camp so it is easy to pin the crime on the prisoners. . . it's possible they were tortured," said Mufleh al-Qahtani, the group's deputy director, in a statement to the local Al-Riyadh newspaper. [38]
Guantanamo officials have reported 41 unsuccessful suicide attempts by 25 detainees since the U. S. began taking prisoners to the base in January 2002. Defense lawyers contend the number of suicide attempts is higher. On 19 May 2002, a U. May 2002: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September N. panel said that holding detainees indefinitely at Guantanamo violated the world's ban on torture and that the United States should close the detention center. Mark Denbeaux, a law professor at Seton Hall University in New Jersey who represents two Tunisians at Guantanamo, said he believes others are candidates for suicide. Mark P Denbeaux (b July 30, 1943 in Gainesville Florida) is a law professor at Seton Hall University School of Law, author of a standard New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa. [39][38]
As of August 2003, at least 29 inmates of Camp Delta had attempted suicide in protest. The U. S. officials would not say why they had not previously reported the incident. [40] After this event the Pentagon reclassified suicides as "manipulative self-injurious behaviors" because it is alleged by camp physicians that detainees do not genuinely wish to end their lives. A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health [41][42]
Public opinion
European Union members and the Organization of American States, as well as non-governmental organizations such as Amnesty International have protested the legal status and physical condition of detainees at Guantánamo. Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a Western based international Non-governmental organization which defines its mission as "to The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The Organization of American States ( OAS, or as it is known in the three other official languages OEA) is an International organization, headquartered The human rights organization Human Rights Watch has criticized the Bush administration over this designation in its 2003 world report, stating: "Washington has ignored human rights standards in its own treatment of terrorism suspects. Human Rights Watch is a United States -based international Non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on Human rights. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D It has refused to apply the Geneva Conventions to prisoners of war from Afghanistan, and has misused the designation of 'illegal combatant' to apply to criminal suspects on U. S. soil. " On May 25, 2005, Amnesty International released its annual report calling the facility the "gulag of our times"[43] [44] Lord Steyn called it "a monstrous failure of justice," because ". Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Gulag was the government agency that administered the penal labor camps of the Soviet Union. Johan van Zyl Steyn Baron Steyn PC (born August 15, 1932) is a South African English Jurist, and until September 2005 a . . The military will act as interrogators, prosecutors and defense counsel, judges, and when death sentences are imposed, as executioners. The trials will be held in private. None of the guarantees of a fair trial need be observed. [45]
Another senior British Judge, Justice Collins, said of the detention centre: "America's idea of what is torture is not the same as the United Kingdom's. "[46]At the beginning of December 2003, there were media reports that military lawyers appointed to defend alleged terrorists being held by the United States at Guantánamo Bay had expressed concern about the legal process for military commissions. The Guardian newspaper from the United Kingdom[47] reported that a team of lawyers was dismissed after complaining that the rules for the forthcoming military commissions prohibited them from properly representing their clients. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. New York's Vanity Fair reported that some of the lawyers felt their ethical obligations were being violated by the process. Vanity Fair is an American magazine of Culture, Fashion, and Politics published by Condé Nast Publications. The Pentagon strongly denied the claims in these media reports. It was reported on 5 May 2007, that many lawyers were sent back and some detainees refuse to see their lawyers, while others decline mail from their lawyers or refuse to provide them information on their cases. May 2007 is the fifth month of that year It began on a Tuesday and 31 days later ended on a Thursday. [48]
The New York Times and other newspapers are critical of the camp; columnist Thomas Friedman urged George W. Thomas Lauren Friedman (born July 20, 1953) is an American journalist columnist and author Bush to "just shut it down", calling Camp Delta ". . . worse than an embarrassment"[49] Another New York Times editorial supported Friedman's proposal, arguing that Guantánamo is part of ". . . a chain of shadowy detention camps that includes Abu Ghraib in Iraq, the military prison at Bagram Air Base in Afghanistan and other secret locations run by the intelligence agencies" which are "part of a tightly linked global detention system with no accountability in law. The city of Abu Ghraib ( Arabic: أبو غريب Abū Ghurayb A military prison is a Prison operated by the Military. Military prisons are used variously to house Prisoners of war, Enemy combatants, those Bagram Air Base is a militarized Airport and housing complex that is located next to the ancient city of Bagram, southeast of Charikar in Parwan "[50]
In November 2005, a group of experts from the Commission on Human Rights at the United Nations called off their visit to Camp Delta, originally scheduled for December 6, saying that the United States was not allowing them to conduct private interviews with the prisoners. PortalCurrent events News collections and sources See WikipediaNews collections and sources. A Human Rights Commission is a body set up to investigate and protect Human rights. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev "Since the Americans have not accepted the minimum requirements for such a visit, we must cancel [it]," Manfred Nowak, the UN envoy in charge of investigating torture allegations around the world, told AFP. Manfred Nowak (b Bad Aussee, 26 June 1950) is an Austrian Human rights lawyer The group, nevertheless, stated its intention to write a report on conditions at the prison based on eyewitness accounts from released detainees, meetings with lawyers and information from human rights groups. [51][52]
In February 2006, the UN group released its report, which called on the U. Stories without links will be removed. News stories must be in English S. either to try or release all suspected terrorists. The report, issued by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, has the subtitle Situation of detainees at Guantánamo Bay. The Working Group on Arbitrary Detention is a UN -mandated body of independent human rights experts that investigates cases of Arbitrary arrest and detention that may This includes, as an appendix, the U. S. ambassador's reply to the draft versions of the report in which he restates the U. S. government's position on the detainees. [53]
European leaders have also voiced their opposition to the internment center. Internment is the imprisonment or confinement of people commonly in large groups without trial On 13 January 2006, German Chancellor Angela Merkel, who had been raised in East Germany, criticized the U. January 2006: ← - January - February - March - April - May - June - July The Head of government of Germany is called Chancellor (Kanzler (ˈaŋɡela doʁoˈteːa ˈmɛɐ̯kəl (born Angela Dorothea Kasner, 17 July 1954 in Hamburg, West Germany) is the Chancellor of Germany. The German Democratic Republic ( GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR; commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Socialist state S. detention of prisoners at Guantánamo Bay and the "interrogation technique" known as "waterboarding", calling it a form of torture: "An institution like Guantánamo, in its present form, cannot and must not exist in the long term. Waterboarding is a form of Torture that consists of immobilizing a person on their back with the head inclined downward and pouring water over the face and into the breathing We must find different ways of dealing with prisoners. As far as I'm concerned, there's no question about that," she declared in a January 9 interview to Der Spiegel. Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Der Spiegel (pronounced /deːɐ ˈʃpiːɡəl/ German for "The Mirror" is a German weekly Magazine, published in Hamburg [54][55] Meanwhile in the UK, Peter Hain, the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, stated during a live broadcast of Question Time (February 16, 2006) that: "I would prefer that it wasn't there and I would prefer it was closed. Peter Gerald Hain (born 16 February 1950, Nairobi, Kenya) is a British Labour Party Politician who has The Secretary of State for Northern Ireland is the chief minister in the Government of the United Kingdom with responsibilities for Northern Ireland Question Time is a topical Debate Television programme in the United Kingdom, based on Any Questions?. Events 1249 - Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khan of the Mongols Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. " His cabinet colleague and Former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Anthony Blair, declared the following day that the centre was "an anomaly and sooner or later it's got to be dealt with. Anthony Charles Lynton "Tony" Blair (born 6 May 1953 is a British Politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to "[56] On 10 ]]March 2006]], a letter in The Lancet is published, signed by more than 250 medical experts urging the United States to stop force-feeding of detainees and close down the prison. This article is about the journal For other uses of the term "lancet" see Lancet (disambiguation. Force-feeding is specifically prohibited by the World Medical Association force-feeding declarations of Tokyo and Malta, to which the American Medical Association is a signatory. The World Medical Association (WMA an international organization of Physicians was formally established on September 17, 1947, pursuant to the resolutions officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. Malta, officially the Republic of Malta (Repubblika ta' Malta is a European Microstate, comprising an Archipelago of three islands The American Medical Association (AMA founded in 1847 and incorporated 1897 is the largest association of Physicians and Medical students in the United States Dr David Nicholl who had initiated the letter stated that the definition of torture as only actions that cause "death or major organ failure" was "not a definition anyone on the planet is using". Dr David Nicholl is a neurologist human rights activist fundraiser for Amnesty International, and online columnist from Belfast, Northern Ireland Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS, previously known as multiple organ failure (MOF, is altered organ function in an acutely ill patient requiring EARTH was a short-lived Japanese vocal trio which released 6 singles and 1 album between 2000 and 2001 [57][58] Conversely, the UN War Crimes Tribunal at The Hague ruled that force-feeding was not "torture, inhuman or degrading treatment" when they ordered it be implemented in another case. The International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991 [59]
In May 2006, the Attorney General for England and Wales Lord Goldsmith said the camp's existence was "unacceptable" and tarnished the U. May 2006 was a month with thirty-one days The following events also occurred during the month Her Majesty's Attorney General for England and Wales, usually known simply as the Attorney General, is the chief legal adviser of the Crown in England and Wales Peter Henry Goldsmith Baron Goldsmith, PC, QC (born 5 January 1950) is a former Attorney General of England and Wales. S. traditions of liberty and justice. Liberty, the freedom to act or believe without being stopped by unnecessary force "The historic tradition of the United States as a beacon of freedom, liberty and of justice deserves the removal of this symbol," he said. [60] Also in May 2006, the UN Committee against Torture condemned prisoners' treatment at Guantanamo Bay, noted that indefinite detention constitutes per se a violation of the UN Convention Against Torture, and called on the U. The United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment is an international human rights instrument, under the purview of S. to shut down the Guantanamo facility. [61][62]In June 2006, the European Parliament voted overwhelmingly in support of a motion urging the United States to close the camp. The European Parliament ( Europarl or EP) is the only directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU [63]
In June 2006, U. S. Senator Arlen Specter stated that the arrests of most of the roughly 500 prisoners held there were based on "the flimsiest sort of hearsay". Arlen Specter (born February 12 1930) is the senior United States Senator from Pennsylvania and a member of the Republican Party Not to be confused with Heresy. Hearsay is a legal term referring to the use of out of court statements as evidence [64]In September 2006, the UK's Lord Chancellor, Lord Falconer, who heads the UK's legal system, went further than previous British government statements, condemning the existence of the camp as a "shocking affront to democracy". The Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, or Lord Chancellor is a senior and important functionary in the Government of the United Kingdom. Charles Leslie Falconer Baron Falconer of Thoroton, PC, QC (born 19 November 1951 is a British Barrister and Labour Party Lord Falconer, who said he was expressing Government policy, made the comments in a lecture at the Supreme Court of New South Wales. The Supreme Court of New South Wales is the highest state Court of the Australian State of New South Wales (other than the Court of Appeal [65] According to former U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell: "Essentially, we have shaken the belief the world had in America's justice system by keeping a place like Guantanamo open and creating things like the military commission. The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs Colin Luther Powell, KCB (Honorary MSC, (born April 5, 1937) is a retired General in the United States Army. We don't need it and it is causing us far more damage than any good we get for it,". [66]
In March 2007, a group of British Parliamentarians formed an All-Party Parliamentary Group to campaign against Guantanamo Bay. March 2007 is the third month of the year It began on a Thursday, and ended 31 days later on a Saturday. The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories An All-Party Parliamentary Group (APPG is a grouping in the Parliament of the United Kingdom composed of politicians from all political parties. [2]The group is made up of Members of Parliament and peers from each of the main British political parties, and is chaired by Sarah Teather with Des Turner and Richard Shepherd acting as Vice Chairs. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Peers is a surname and may refer to Donald Peers Edgar Allison Peers, an English academician Gavin Peers Sarah Louise Teather (born 1 June 1974, London) is a British Liberal Democrat politician Member of Parliament for Dr Desmond Stanley Turner (born 17 July 1939, Southampton) is a Politician in the United Kingdom. Richard Charles Scrimgeour Shepherd (born 6 December 1942) is a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom. The Group was launched with an Ambassadors' Reception in the House of Commons, bringing together a large group of lawyers, non-governmental organisations and governments with an interest in seeing the camp closed. The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords On 26 April 2007, there was a debate in the United States Senate over the detainees at Guantanamo Bay which ended in a draw, with Democrats urging action on the prisoners' behalf but running into stiff opposition from Republicans. April 2007 is the fourth month of that year It began on a Sunday and 30 days later ended on a Monday. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. [67]
According to polls conducted by the Program on International Policy (PIP) attitudes, “Large majorities in Germany and Great Britain, and pluralities in Poland and India, believe the United States has committed violations of international law at its prison on Guantánamo Bay in Cuba, including the use of torture in interrogations. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country International law is the term commonly used for referring to the system of implicit and explicit agreements that bind together nation-states in adherence to recognized values and standards Interrogation or questioning is Interviewing as commonly employed by officers of the Police and Military. ” PIP found a marked decrease in the perception of the U. S. as a leader of human rights as a result of the international communities opposition to the Guantánamo prison. [68] A 2006 poll conducted by the BBC World Service together with GlobeScan in 26 countries found that 69% of respondents disapprove of the Guantánamo prison and the U. S. treatment of detainees. [69] American actions in Guantanamo, coupled with the Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse scandal, are considered major factors in the decline of the U. Beginning in 2004 accounts of Abuse, Torture, Sodomy and Homicide of Prisoners held in the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq S. ’s image abroad. [70]
Prisoner complaints
Three British prisoners, now known in the media as the "Tipton Three," were released in 2004 without charge. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Tipton Three is the collective name given to three men from Tipton, England, United Kingdom, who were held in Extrajudicial detention for The three have alleged ongoing torture, sexual degradation, forced drugging and religious persecution being committed by U. Sexual abuse, also referred to as molestation, is the forcing of undesired sexual acts by one person upon another Religious persecution is the systematic mistreatment of an individual or group of individuals as a response to their religious beliefs of affiliations. S. forces at Guantánamo Bay. [71] Former Guantánamo detainee Mehdi Ghezali was freed without charge on 9 July 2004, after two and one-half years internment. Mehdi Muhammed Ghezali ( (born July 5, 1979) in media previously known as the Cuba-Swede (Kubasvensken is a Swedish citizen of Algerian July 2004: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September Ghezali has claimed that he was the victim of repeated torture. Former Guantánamo detainee Moazzam Begg, freed without charge in January 2005, after nearly three years in captivity, has accused his American captors of torturing him and other detainees arrested in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Moazzam Begg (born 1968 is one of nine British Muslims who were held in Extrajudicial detention in the Guantanamo Bay detainment camp, in January 2005: ← - January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September [72] Omar Deghayes alleges he was blinded by pepper spray during his detention. Omar Deghayes (born November 28 1969) is a Libyan citizen with residency status in the United Kingdom, who was arrested in Pakistan Pepper spray (also known as OC spray (from " Oleoresin Capsicum " OC gas, capsicum spray, or oleoresin capsicum [73] Juma Al Dossary claims he was interrogated hundreds of times, beaten, tortured with broken glass, barbed wire, burning cigarettes, and sexual assaults. Jumah Mohammed Abdul Latif Al Dossari (جمعه محمد عبد اللطيف الدوسري is a Bahraini formerly held in the American prison for security detainees Camp Glass in the common sense refers to a Hard, Brittle, transparent Solid, such as that used for Windows many Barbed wire, also known as barb wire (and frequently in dialect form spelled bob or bobbed) is a type of fencing Wire constructed A cigarette ( French "small Cigar " from cigar + -ette) is a product consumed through Smoking and manufactured Sexual assault is any Assault of a sexual nature on another person [74] David Hicks also made allegations of torture and mistreatment in Guantánamo Bay, but as part of his plea bargain Hicks withdrew the allegations. David Matthew Hicks (born 7 August 1975 is an Australian who undertook combat training in Al Qaeda -linked camps and served with the ruling Taliban A plea bargain (also plea agreement, plea deal or copping a plea) is an agreement in a Criminal case whereby the Prosecutor offers
An Associated Press report claims that some detainees were turned over to the U. S. by Afghan tribesmen in return for cash bounties [75] The first Denbeaux study reproduces copies of several of leaflets, flyers and posters the U. The Demographics of Afghanistan are ethnically and linguistically mixed The Denbeaux study was a study led by Professor Mark Denbeaux of Seton Hall University S. Government distributed to advertise the bounty program. [76] Some of the posters were in comic form, to reach the bulk of the Afghan population, who are illiterate.
Forced feeding accusations by hunger-striking detainees began in the fall of 2005: "Detainees said large feeding tubes were forcibly shoved up their noses and down into their stomachs, with guards using the same tubes from one patient to another. Anatomically a nose is a protuberance in Vertebrates that houses the Nostrils or nares which admit and expel air for respiration in conjunction with the In Human anatomy, the stomach is a J-shaped hollow muscular organ of the Gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of Digestion, following The detainees say no sedatives were provided during these procedures, which they allege took place in front of U. A sedative, or more specifically a sedative-hypnotic, is a substance that depresses the Central nervous system (CNS resulting in calmness relaxation sleepiness S. physicians, including the head of the prison hospital. "[77][78] "A hunger striking detainee at Guantánamo Bay wants a judge to order the removal of his feeding tube so he can be allowed to die, one of his lawyers has said. "[79] Within a few weeks, the Department of Defense "extended an invitation to United Nations Special Rapporteurs to visit detention facilities at Guantánamo Bay Naval Station". [80][81] This was rejected by the U. N. considering the restrictions "that [the] three human rights officials invited to Guantánamo Bay wouldn't be allowed to conduct private interviews" with prisoners. [82] Simultaneously, media reports ensued surrounding the question of prisoner treatment. [83][84][85] "District Court Judge Gladys Kessler also ordered the U. Gladys Kessler is an United States District Court Judge for the District of Columbia. S. government to give medical records going back a week before such feedings take place. "[86] In early November 2005, the U. S. suddenly accelerated, for unknown reasons, the rate of prisoner release, but this was unsustained. [87][88][89][90] Prisoners were force fed with nasal tubes. Nasogastric intubation is a medical process involving the insertion of a plastic tube ( nasogastric tube NG tube) through the Nose, past the Throat [3]
In 2005, it was reported that sexual methods were allegedly used by female interrogators to break Muslim prisoners. [4]
Media coverage
According to a June 21, 2005, New York Times opinion article,[91] on July 29, 2004, an FBI agent was quoted as saying, "On a couple of occasions, I entered interview rooms to find a detainee chained hand and foot in a fetal position to the floor, with no chair, food or water. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Fetal position ( British English: foetal is a medical term used to describe the Positioning of the Body of a prenatal Fetus as it A chair is a kind of Furniture for Sitting, consisting of a back and sometimes arm rests commonly for use by one person Food is any substance usually composed primarily of Carbohydrates Fats water and/or Proteins that can be eaten or drunk by an Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Most times they had urinated or defecated on themselves and had been left there for 18, 24 hours or more. Urination, also known as micturition, voiding, and more rarely emiction, is the process of disposing Urine from the Urinary bladder Defecation is the final act of Digestion by which organisms eliminate solid semisolid or liquid Waste material ( Faeces) from the Digestive tract " Air Force Lt. Gen. Randall Schmidt, who headed the probe into FBI accounts of abuse of Guantánamo prisoners by Defense Department personnel, concluded the man (a Saudi, described as the "20th hijacker") was subjected to "abusive and degrading treatment" by "the cumulative effect of creative, persistent and lengthy interrogations. Randall Mark Schmidt was a Lieutenant General in the United States Air Force. " The techniques used were authorized by the Pentagon, he said. [92]Many of the released prisoners have complained of enduring beatings, sleep deprivation, prolonged constraint in uncomfortable positions, prolonged hooding, sexual and cultural humiliation, forced injections, and other physical and psychological mistreatment during their detention in Camp Delta. Sleep deprivation is a general lack of the necessary amount of Sleep. A hood is a kind of Headgear that covers most of the Head and Neck and sometimes the Face.
Some ex-prisoners in interviews at their homes, weeks after being released, talked of what they said was the overwhelming feeling of injustice among the approximately 680 men detained indefinitely at Guantánamo Bay.
Quotes from ex-prisoners:
I was trying to kill myself, said Shah Muhammad, 20, a Pakistani who was captured in northern Afghanistan in November 2001, handed over to American soldiers and flown to Guantánamo in January 2002. Shah Muhammad is a Pakistani who was held in Extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, in Cuba. November 2001: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - I tried four times, because I was disgusted with my life.
We needed more blankets, but they would not listen, he said. [93]
The U. S. government has denied all of the above charges, but on 9 May 2004, The Washington Post publicized classified documents that showed Pentagon approval of using sleep deprivation, exposure to hot and cold, bright lights, and loud music during interrogations at Guantánamo. May 2004: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D [94][95]
Spc. Sean Baker, a soldier posing as a prisoner during training exercises at the camp, was beaten so severely that he suffered a brain injury and seizures. Sean Baker, a native of Lawrenceburg Kentucky, is a United States Air Force Veteran and former member of the Kentucky National Guard, who served Brain damage, or Acquired brain injury, is the destruction or degeneration of Brain cells. An epileptic seizure is caused by excessive and/or hypersynchronous electrical Neuronal activity and is usually self-limiting [96] In June 2004, the New York Times reported that of the nearly 600 detainees not more than two dozen were closely linked to al-Qaeda and that only very limited information could have been received from questionings. The only top terrorist is reportedly Mohamed al-Kahtani from Saudi Arabia, who is believed to have planned to participate in the September 11, 2001 attacks. Mohamed Mani Ahmad al-Kahtani (محمد مانع أحمد القحطاني sometimes transliterated Muhammed al-Qahtani) is an alleged member of the Terrorist [97]
The International Committee of the Red Cross inspected the camp in June 2004. "ICRC" redirects here For other uses see ICRC (disambiguation. In a confidential report issued in July 2004 and leaked to the New York Times in November 2004, Red Cross inspectors accused the U. July 2004: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September November 2004: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September S. military of using "humiliating acts, solitary confinement, temperature extremes, use of forced positions" against prisoners. Solitary confinement, colloquially referred to in American English as "the hole" or "the pound" (or in British English "the block" is a Punishment Temperature is a physical property of a system that underlies the common notions of hot and cold something that is hotter generally has the greater temperature The inspectors concluded that "the construction of such a system, whose stated purpose is the production of intelligence, cannot be considered other than an intentional system of cruel, unusual and degrading treatment and a form of torture. " The United States Government has reportedly rejected the Red Cross findings. [98][99][100]
The Washington Post in a May 8, 2004, article describes a set of interrogation techniques approved for use in interrogating alleged terrorists at Guantánamo Bay which are said by Kenneth Roth, executive director of Human Rights Watch, to be cruel and inhumane treatment illegal under the U.S. Constitution. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme Law of the United States. [101] On June 15, Brigadier General Janis Karpinski at the centre of the Abu Ghraib prisoner abuse in Iraq said she was told from the top to treat detainees like dogs "as it is done in Guantánamo [Camp Delta]. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history Brigadier General is the lowest ranking General Officer in some countries usually sitting between the ranks of Colonel and Major General. Janis Leigh Karpinski (born May 25, 1953, Rahway New Jersey) is a central figure in the Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse scandal For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. The dog ( Canis lupus familiaris) is a domesticated Subspecies of the gray wolf, a Mammal of the Canidae family of the order " The former commander of Camp X-Ray, Geoffrey Miller, was the person brought in to deal with the inquiry into the alleged abuses at Abu Ghraib in Iraq during the Allied occupation. Ex-detainees of the Camp have made serious allegations, including alleging Geoffrey Miller's complicity in abuse at Camp X-Ray.
The book, Inside the Wire by Erik Saar and Viveca Novak also claims to reveal the abuse of prisoners. Viveca Novak is an American journalist. She was a Washington correspondent for Time. Saar, a former U. S. soldier, repeats allegations that a female interrogator taunted prisoners sexually and in one instance wiped what seemed to be menstrual blood on the detainee. See also "Mensuration" a term sometimes used to describe Measurement, particularly in the context of Forestry. [102] Other instances of beatings by the IRF (initial reaction force) have been reported in the book. The Initial Reaction Force ( IRF) also known as the Internal Reaction Force or Extreme Reaction Force ( ERF) to inmates is a type of small scale
An FBI email from December 2003, six months after Saar had left, said that the Defense Department interrogators at Guantánamo had impersonated FBI agents while using "torture techniques" on a detainee. December 2003: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - [103]
In an interview with CNN's Wolf Blitzer in June 2005, Dick Cheney defended the treatment of prisoners at Guantanamo: "There isn't any other nation in the world that would treat people who were determined to kill Americans the way we're treating these people. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner 2005: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October Richard Bruce "Dick" Cheney (born January 30 1941 is the forty-sixth and current Vice President of the United States. They're living in the tropics. The Tropics are centered on the Equator and limited in Latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere at approximately 23°26' (23 They're well fed. They've got everything they could possibly want. " [104]. In a subsequent interview in October 2006, Vice President Cheney admitted in a radio interview that U. Radio is the transmission of signals by Modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible Light. S. interrogators subjected prisoners to waterboarding. Waterboarding is a form of Torture that consists of immobilizing a person on their back with the head inclined downward and pouring water over the face and into the breathing [105]
The United States government, through the State Department, makes periodic reports to the United Nations Committee Against Torture. The Periodic Report of the United States of America to the United Nations Committee Against Torture is periodically submitted by the United States government, through In October 2005, the report focused on pretrial detention of suspects in the "War on Terrorism", including those held in Guantánamo Bay. PortalCurrent events News collections and sources See WikipediaNews collections and sources. The War on Terrorism (also known as the War on Terror) is the common term for the military political and legal, and ideological conflict and specifically for U This particular Periodic Report is significant as the first official response of the U. S. government to allegations that prisoners are mistreated in Guantánamo Bay. The report denies the allegations but does describe in detail several instances of misconduct that did not arise to the level of substantial abuse, as well as the training and punishments given to the perpetrators.
Released prisoners
In late January 2004, U. S. officials released three children aged 13 to 15 and returned them to Afghanistan. In March 2004, twenty-three adult prisoners were released to Afghanistan, five were released to the United Kingdom (the final four British detainees were released in January 2005), and three were sent to Pakistan. March 2004: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September January 2005: ← - January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September On 27 July 2004, four French detainees were repatriated and remanded in custody by the French intelligence agency Direction de la Surveillance du Territoire. July 2004: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Direction de la Surveillance du Territoire (DST (Directorate of Territorial Surveillance was a directorate of the French National Police operating as a domestic [106] The remaining three French detainees were released in March 2005. March 2005: ← - January 2005 - February 2005 - March - April 2005 - May 2005 - June 2005 - July 2005 [107]
On 4 August 2004, the three ex-detainees who were returned to the UK (and freed by the British authorities within 24 hours of their return), filed a report in the U. August 2004: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - S. claiming persistent severe abuse at the camp, of themselves and others. [108] They claimed that false confessions were extracted from them under duress, in conditions which amounted to torture. They alleged that conditions deteriorated when Major General Geoffrey Miller took charge of the camp, including increased periods of solitary confinement for the detainees. They claimed that the abuse took place with the knowledge of the intelligence forces. Their claims are currently being investigated by the British government. Her Majesty's Government, or when the monarch is male His Majesty's Government, is the title used by the Government of the United Kingdom, based at
There are five British residents remaining: Bisher Amin Khalil Al-Rawi, Jamil al Banna, Shaker Abdur-Raheem Aamer, Jamal Abdullah and Omar Deghayes. Bisher Amin Khalil Al-Rawi (بشر امين خليل الروى Bišr Amīn Ḫalīl ar-Rawī is an Iraqi citizen who became a resident of the United Kingdom in Jamil al-Banna (جميل عبد اللطيف البنّاء Ǧamīl ʿAbdu 'l-Laṭīf al-Bannāʾ is a Jordanian with Refugee status in the United Kingdom Shaker Abdur-Raheem Aamer (also known as Shakir Abdurahim Mohamed Ami) is a Saudi Arabian citizen held in Extrajudicial detention in the Jamal Kiyemba, also known as Jamal Abdullah is a Ugandan citizen who was held in Extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantanamo Bay detainment Omar Deghayes (born November 28 1969) is a Libyan citizen with residency status in the United Kingdom, who was arrested in Pakistan [109]
Among the approximately two dozen Uyghur detainees in Guantanamo, the Washington Post reported on August 25, 2005, that fifteen had been determined not to have been "enemy combatants. The United States government has held twenty-two Uyghurs in Guantanamo Bay detainment camp. Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The term enemy combatant has historically referred to members of the armed forces of the state with which another state is at war "[110] Some of the Uyghurs had lawyers who volunteered to help them pursue a writ of habeas corpus, which would have been the single step in getting them freed from American detention. Habeas corpus (ˈheɪbiəs ˈkɔɹpəs ( Latin: command that you have the body is the name of a legal action or Writ, through which a person can seek relief Five of the Uyghurs were scheduled to have arguments for their writ of habeas corpus argued in U.S. District Court on 8 May 2006. The Uyghur (also spelled Uygur, Uighur, Uigur, Uyghur: ئۇيغۇر) are a Turkic people of Central Asia. The United States district courts are the general Trial courts of the United States federal court system. May 2006 was a month with thirty-one days The following events also occurred during the month However, on May 5, the five Uyghurs were transported to refugee camps in Albania, thousands of miles from their homes, and the Department of Justice filed an "Emergency Motion to Dismiss as Moot" on the same day. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John This article is about the country in southern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Albania topics. For animal rights group see Justice Department (JD The United States Department of Justice ( DOJ) is a Cabinet department [111][112] One of the Uyghurs' lawyers characterized the sudden transfer as an attempt "to avoid having to answer in court for keeping innocent men in jail". [113][114]
In August 2006, a German-born Turkish national was released from Guantánamo. August 2006 was a month with thirty-one days On August 10, an alleged plot to detonate ten Airliners over the Atlantic Ocean was revealed to Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches [115] Airat Vakhitov and Rustam Akhmyarov, two Russian nationals captured in Afghanistan in December 2001 (in a Taliban prison, in Vakhitov's case) and released from Guantánamo in 2004, were arrested by Russian authorities in Moscow on 27 August 2005, for allegedly preparing a series of attacks in Russia. Airat Vakhitov, also spelled Ayrat Wakhitov or Vahidov (Айрат Вахитов|Ayrat Waxitov is an ethnic Tatar citizen of Russia who was For other individuals name Rustam Akhmyarov see the disambiguation page Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending December 2001: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of PortalCurrent events News collections and sources WikipediaNews collections and sources. According to authorities, Vakhitov was using a local human rights group as cover for his activities. [116] They were released on September 2, and no charges were pressed. Events 44 BC - Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. [117].
U. S. officials claimed that some of the released prisoners returned to the battlefield. The story, as told by Dick Cheney, is that these captives tricked their interrogators about their real identity and made them think they were harmless villagers, and thus were able to "return to the battlefield. "[118] However, when the Department of Defense finally complied with a court order that required it to release the identities of all the captives who had been held in Guantanamo, none of the officially acknowledged names matched the names of the captives that had allegedly returned to the battlefield.
One released detainee, Abdallah Salih al-Ajmi, a Kuwaiti, committed a successful suicide attack in Mosul, on March 25 2008. Abdallah Saleh Ali Al Ajmi (b August 2 1978 – † April 26 2008) was a Kuwaiti citizen who was held in Extrajudicial The State of Kuwait ( دولة الكويت IPA [dawlatt̪ alkuwajt̪]) is a sovereign Arab Emirate on the coast of the Persian Gulf, enclosed Mosu is a village in Central District of Botswana. The village is located to the south of Sua Pan &ndash the eastern half of Makgadikgadi Pan Al-Ajmi had been repatriated from Guantanamo in 2005, and transferred to Kuwaiti custody. A Kuwaiti court later acquitted him of terrorism charges. [119][120][121]
Condoleezza Rice appeal for closure
On December 25, 2007, United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice urged various countries who have nationals detained in Guantanamo Bay detention camp to "help" the U. Events 274 - Roman Emperor Aurelian Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs Condoleezza Rice (born November 14 1954 is the 66th United States S. close the detention camp [122]. Rice reiterated the ostensible desire of the Bush administration to close the camp as soon as possible. She indicated that United States would seek guarantees from such nations that once released, their nationals would not be a danger; which she claimed as the "only problem"[123].
Administrative proceedings
Military Commission hearings (Camp Delta)
On November 8, 2004, a federal court halted the proceeding of Salim Ahmed Hamdan of Yemen. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Salim Ahmed Hamdan ( (born 1970 He was charged with "conspiracy and providing material support for terrorism" but a judge declared the judicial system in place at the Hamdan was to be the first Guantánamo detainee tried before a military commission. Judge James Robertson of the U. James Robertson, Jim Robertson, Jimmy Robertson and Jamie Robertson is a name shared by the following individuals Public officials S. District Court for the District of Columbia ruled that the U. S. military had failed to convene a competent tribunal to determine that Hamdan was not a prisoner of war under the Geneva Conventions—specifically Article 5 of the third Geneva Convention[124]
However, a three judge panel overturned judge Robertson's ruling on Friday July 15, 2005. Competent Tribunal is a term used Article 5 paragraph 2 of the Third Geneva Convention, which states Should any doubt arise as to whether persons having committed Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [125] The panel's ruling stated that the trial by military commission could, in and of itself, serve as the necessary "competent tribunal. A military tribunal is a kind of Military Court designed to try members of enemy forces during Wartime operating outside the scope of conventional " On June 29, 2006, the Supreme Court of the United States reversed the ruling of the Court of Appeals and found that President Bush did not have authority to set up the war crimes tribunals and that the commissions were illegal under both military justice law and the Geneva Convention. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. [126][127] The Supreme Court reserved the question that Judge Robertson found decisive, namely it did not rule on whether detainees were entitled to an Article 5 determination.
There is a dispute over whether (and how) detainees may be incarcerated and tried. The Combatant Status Review Tribunals ( CSRT) are a set of Tribunals purposed to determine whether Detainees held by the United David B. Rivkin Jr. and Lee A. Casey claimed that the Supreme Court's Hamdan ruling affirms that the United States is engaged in a legally cognizable armed conflict to which the laws of war apply. It may hold captured al Qaeda and Taliban operatives throughout that conflict, without granting them a criminal trial, and is also entitled to try them in the military justice system — including by military commission. [128]
The Supreme Court in Hamdan v. Rumsfeld has not required that neither members of al Qaeda nor their allies, including members of the Taliban, must be granted POW status. Hamdan v Rumsfeld, 548 US 557 (2006 is a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that military commissions set up by the [5] However, the Supreme Court stated that the Geneva Conventions, most notably the Third Geneva Convention and also article 3 of the Fourth Geneva Convention (requiring humane treatment) applies to all detainees in the War on Terror. The Fourth Geneva Convention (or GCIV) relates to the protection of Civilians during times of War " in the hands " of an enemy and under In July 2004, following Hamdi v. Rumsfeld—ruling the Bush administration began using Combatant Status Review Tribunals to determine whether the detainees could be held as "enemy combatants". Hamdi v Rumsfeld, 542 US 507 ( 2004) was a US Supreme Court decision reversing the dismissal of a Habeas corpus petition [129]
The ruling also disagreed with the administration's view that the laws and customs of war did not apply to the U. S. armed conflict with Al Qaeda fighters during the 2001 U. Al-Qaeda, alternatively spelled al-Qaida, al-Qa`ida or al-Qa`idah, ( Arabic:; ar-Latn ''al-qāʿidah'' Translation: The S. invasion of Taliban-controlled Afghanistan, stating that Article 3 common to all the Geneva Conventions applied in such a situation, which--among other things--requires fair trials for prisoners. The Taliban ( طالبان, also anglicised as Taleban; translation "students" is a Sunni Islamist, predominately Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, Common Article 3 applies in "wars not of an international character" (i. e. , civil wars) in a signatory to the Geneva Conventions—in this case the civil war in signatory Afghanistan. A civil war is a War between a State and domestic political actors that are in control of some part of the territory claimed by the state It is likely that the Bush administration may now be forced to try detainees held as part of the "war on terror" either by court martial (as U. A court-martial (plural courts-martial) is a Military court. These military courts can determine Punishments for members of the Military subject S. troops and prisoners of war are) or by civilian federal court. The United States federal courts are the system of Courts organized under the Constitution and laws of the Federal government of the United States However, Bush has indicated that he may seek an Act of Congress authorizing military commissions.
On January 31, 2005, Washington federal judge Joyce Hens Green ruled that the Combatant Status Review Tribunals (CSRT) held to confirm the status of the prisoners in Guantánamo as "enemy combatants" were "unconstitutional", and that they were entitled to the rights granted by the Constitution of the United States of America. Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Judge Joyce Hens Green (b1928 is a Senior United States District Court Judge for the District of Columbia. The Combatant Status Review Tribunals ( CSRT) are a set of Tribunals purposed to determine whether Detainees held by the United The Combatant Status Reviews were completed in March 2005. Thirty-eight of the detainees were found not to be combatants. On March 29, 2005, the dossier of Murat Kurnaz was accidentally declassified. Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Murat Kurnaz (born March 19, 1982 in Bremen, Germany) was held in Extrajudicial detention and claims to have been Tortured Kurnaz was one of the 500-plus detainees the reviews had determined was an "enemy combatant". Critics found that his dossier contained over a hundred pages of reports of investigations which had found no ties to terrorists or terrorism whatsoever. It contained one memo that said Kurnaz had a tie to a suicide bomber. Judge Green said this memo "fails to provide significant details to support its conclusory allegations, does not reveal the sources for its information and is contradicted by other evidence in the record. "
Eugene R. Fidell, who the Washington Post called a Washington-based expert in military law, said that "It suggests the procedure is a sham; if a case like that can get through, then the merest scintilla of evidence against someone would carry the day for the government, even if there's a mountain of evidence on the other side. Eugene R Fidell (born March 31 1945 is an American lawyer and notable expert in Military law. "[130] Another detainee, Fawaz Mahdi, was determined by a CSRT to be an enemy combatant despite the fact that the CSRT (and Fawaz' lawyer) observed that he suffers a form of mental illness and that the only evidence for determining his status was his own statement. Fawaz Naman Hamoud Abdallah Mahdi is a citizen of Yemen who was detained by United States military forces in Afghanistan in 2001 held in Extrajudicial [131]
In addition to the Combatant Status Review Tribunals the Department of Defense initiated a similar, annual review. The Administrative Review Board is a United States military body that conducts an annual review of the Suspects held by the United States in Camp Delta Like the CSRT the Board did not have a mandate to review whether detainees qualified for POW status under the Geneva Conventions. The Board's mandate was to consider the factors for and against the continued detention of captives, and make a recommendation either for their retention, or their release or their transfer to the custody of their country of origin. The first set of annual reviews considered the dossiers of 463 captives. The first board met between December 14, 2004, and December 23, 2005. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 962 - Byzantine-Arab Wars: Under the future Emperor Nicephorus Phocas, Byzantine troops stormed the city Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Board recommended the release of 14 detainees, and repatriation of 120 detainees to the custody of their country of origin.
In September 2006, President Bush announced that fourteen suspected terrorists are to be transferred to the Guantanamo Bay detainment camp and admitted that these suspects have been held in CIA black sites. near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all [132][133] None of the 14 top figures transferred to Guantanamo from CIA custody had been charged until September 11, 2006. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [134]
Other court rulings
On 10 January 2004, 175 members of both houses of Parliament in the UK had filed an amici curiæ brief to support the detainees' access to U. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories Amicus curiae or amicus curiæ (plural amici curiae) is a Legal Latin phrase literally translated as "friend of the court" S. jurisdiction.
The Supreme Court heard oral arguments on the case of Al Odah v. United States on December 5, 2007. Al Odah v United States is a court case filed by the Center for Constitutional Rights and co-counsels challenging the legality of the continued detention without Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Plaintiffs in the case argue that Guantanamo detainees deserve the right to habeas corpus and that the U. S. court system, not the military CSRT system, should have jurisdiction in such cases.
On February 23, 2006, U. Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. S. District Court Judge Jed S. Rakoff in New York ordered the Defense Department to release uncensored transcripts of detainee hearings which contained identifying information for detainees in custody as well as the names of those who have been held and later released. Jed Saul Rakoff (born 1943 is a United States District Judge for the Southern District of New York. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The U. S. military has never officially released even the names of any detainees except the ten who have been charged. The U. S. Defense Department immediately said it would obey the judge's order. [135] The names of only 317 of the about 500 alleged enemy combatants being held in Guantánamo Bay were released by the Department of Defense on March 3, 2006. Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Pentagon spokesman Bryan Whitman justified withholding the names out of a concern for the detainees' privacy, although justice Jed Rakoff had already dismissed this argument. Jed Saul Rakoff (born 1943 is a United States District Judge for the Southern District of New York. Jed Saul Rakoff (born 1943 is a United States District Judge for the Southern District of New York. [136][137][138]
French judge Jean-Claude Kross September 27, 2006, postponed a verdict in the trial of six former Guantanamo Bay detainees accused of attending combat training at an al Qaeda camp in Afghanistan, saying the court needs more information on French intelligence missions to Guantanamo. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Defense lawyers for the six men, all French nationals, accuse the French government of colluding with U.S. authorities over the detentions and seeking to use inadmissible evidence obtained through secret service interviews with the detainees without their lawyers present. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Kross scheduled new hearings for May 2, 2007, calling the former head of counterterrorism at the French Direction de la surveillance du territoire intelligence agency [official backgrounder] to testify. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Direction de la Surveillance du Territoire (DST (Directorate of Territorial Surveillance was a directorate of the French National Police operating as a domestic [139]
Legal status
In April 2004, Cuban diplomats tabled a United Nations resolution calling for a UN investigation of Guantanamo Bay, which passed by 22-21 votes, with 10 abstentions[140]. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security
In May 2007, Martin Scheinin, a United Nations rapporteur on rights in countering terrorism, released a preliminary report for the United Nations Human Rights Council. The report stated the United States violated international law, particularly the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, that the Bush Administration could not try such prisoners as enemy combatants in a military tribunal and could not deny them access to the evidence used against them. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is a United Nations Treaty based on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, created in [141] However, on July 15, 2005, the D. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. C. Circuit Court of Appeals in overturning Robertson ruled that al-Qaeda members could not be classified as prisoners of war and upheld military tribunals in U. S. Naval Station Guantanamo Bay for al-Qaeda members. This ruling does not necessarily authorize all military tribunals as the case only dealt with the POW status of al-Qaeda members.
Prisoners held at Camp Delta and Camp Echo have been labeled "illegal" or "unlawful enemy combatants," but several observers such as the Center for Constitutional Rights and Human Rights Watch maintain that the United States has not held the Article 5 tribunals required by the Geneva Conventions. An unlawful combatant or unprivileged combatant/belligerent is a Civilian who directly engages in armed conflict under the International Humanitarian Law The Combatant Status Review Tribunals ( CSRT) are a set of Tribunals purposed to determine whether Detainees held by the United [142] The International Committee of the Red Cross has stated that, "Every person in enemy hands must have some status under international law: he is either a prisoner of war and, as such, covered by the Third Convention, a civilian covered by the Fourth Convention, [or] a member of the medical personnel of the armed forces who is covered by the First Convention. There is no intermediate status; nobody in enemy hands can fall outside the law. " Thus, if the detainees are not classified as prisoners of war, this would still grant them the rights of the Fourth Geneva Convention as opposed to the more common Third Geneva Convention which deals exclusively with prisoners of war. A U. S. court has rejected this argument, as it applies to detainees from al Qaeda. [143] Henry King, Jr. , a prosecutor for the Nuremberg Trials, has argued that the type of tribunals at Guantanamo Bay "violates the Nuremberg principles" and that they are against "the spirit of the Geneva Conventions of 1949. The Nuremberg Trials were a series of trials most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political military and economic leadership of Nazi Germany after "[144]
Many supporters have argued for the summary execution of all unlawful combatants, using Ex parte Quirin as the precedent, a case during World War II which upheld the use of military tribunals for eight German soldiers caught on U. Ex parte Quirin,, is a Supreme Court of the United States case that upheld the jurisdiction of a United States Military tribunal over the trial World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including S. soil. The Germans were deemed to be saboteurs and unlawful combatants, and thus not entitled to POW protections, and six were eventually executed for war crimes on request of the President of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt. War crimes are "violations of the laws or customs of war" including but not limited to "murder the ill-treatment or deportation of civilian residents of an occupied The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by The validity of this case, as basis for denying prisoners in the War on Terrorism protection by the Geneva Conventions, has been disputed. [145][146][147]
A report by the American Bar Association commenting on this case, states that the Quirin case ". The American Bar Association ( ABA) founded August 21 1878 is a voluntary Bar association of Lawyers and law students which is not specific . . does not stand for the proposition that detainees may be held incommunicado and denied access to counsel. " The report notes that the Quirin defendants could seek review and were represented by counsel. [148]
NGO reports
On November 30, 2004, The New York Times published excerpts from an internal memo leaked from the U. Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " S. administration,[99] referring to a report from the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). The ICRC reports of several activities which, it said, were "tantamount to torture": exposure to loud noise or music, prolonged extreme temperatures, or beatings. It also reported that a Behavioral Science Consultation Team (BSCT), also called 'Biscuit,' and military physicians communicated confidential medical information to the interrogation teams (weaknesses, phobias, etc. The Department of Defense authorized Behavioral Science Consultation Teams to study the captives it holds in Extrajudicial detention. ), resulting in the prisoners losing confidence in their medical care.
Access of the ICRC to the base was conditional, as is normal for ICRC humanitarian operations, on the confidentiality of their report; sources have reported heated debates had taken place at the ICRC headquarters, as some of those involved wanted to make the report public, or confront the U. Humanitarianism is an active belief in Humanism (the idea of the value of human life whereby Humans practice benevolent treatment and provide assistance to other humans S. administration. The newspaper said the administration and the Pentagon had seen the ICRC report in July 2004 but rejected its findings. [149][98] The story was originally reported in several newspapers, including The Guardian,[150] and the ICRC reacted to the article when the report was leaked in May. [100]
In a foreword[151] to Amnesty International's International Report 2005,[152] the Secretary General, Irene Khan, made a passing reference to the Guantánamo Bay prison as "the gulag of our times," breaking an internal AI policy on not comparing different human rights abuses. Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a Western based international Non-governmental organization which defines its mission as "to Irene Zubaida Khan, born December 24, 1956 in Dhaka, Bangladesh, is the Secretary General of Amnesty International The Gulag was the government agency that administered the penal labor camps of the Soviet Union. The report reflected ongoing claims of prisoner abuse at Guantánamo and other military prisons. [153][154][155]
Government and military inquiries
Senior law enforcement agents with the Criminal Investigation Task Force told MSNBC. The Criminal Investigation Task Force ( CITF) was an organization created in early 2002 by the United States Department of Defense to conduct investigations com in 2006 that they began to complain inside the Defense Department in 2002 that the interrogation tactics used by a separate team of intelligence investigators were unproductive, not likely to produce reliable information, and probably illegal. Unable to get satisfaction from the Army commanders running the detainee camp, they took their concerns to David Brant, director of the Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS), who alerted Navy General Counsel Alberto J. Mora. In December 2002 David Brant was the Director of the Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS The Naval Criminal Investigative Service ( NCIS) is the United States Department of the Navy 's primary Law enforcement agency and successor to the former Alberto J Mora is a recently retired General Counsel of the U [156]
General Counsel Mora and Navy Judge Advocate General Michael Lohr believed the detainee treatment to be unlawful, and campaigned among other top lawyers and officials in the Defense Department to investigate, and to provide clear standards prohibiting coercive interrogation tactics. Michael Lohr is an American lawyer and officer in the United States Navy. [157] In response, on January 15, 2003, Donald Rumsfeld suspended the approved interrogation tactics at Guantánamo until a new set of guidelines could be produced by a working group headed by General Counsel of the Air Force Mary Walker. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Donald Henry Rumsfeld (born July 9 1932 is a United States Businessman, Politician, the 13th Secretary of Defense under President Mary Edwards Walker ( November 26, 1832 – February 21, 1919) was an American feminist, abolitionist, Prohibitionist The working group based its new guidelines on a legal memo from the Department of Justice Office of Legal Counsel written by John Yoo and signed by Jay S. Bybee, which would later become widely known as the "Torture Memo". The Office of Legal Counsel is an American government legal office in the U John Choon Yoo (born 1967 in Seoul) is an American Professor of Law at the Boalt Hall School of Law, University of Jay S Bybee (born October 27, 1953 in Oakland California) is a Federal judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit The Bybee Memo was a document prepared by the United States Department of Justice 's Office of Legal Counsel (OLC and specifically John Yoo, in response General Counsel Mora led a faction of the Working Group in arguing against these standards, and argued the issues with Yoo in person. The working group's final report, was signed and delivered to Guantánamo without the knowledge of Mora and the others who had opposed its content. Nonetheless, Mora has maintained that detainee treatment has been consistent with the law since the January 15, 2003 suspension of previously approved interrogation tactics. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. [158]
After reports of detainee abuse became public, U. S. Navy Secretary Gordon England ordered a review of detainee incarceration practices at Guantánamo, conducted by Navy inspector general, Vice Admiral Albert Church, which concluded the facility was "being operated at very high standards. Gordon Richard England ( September 15, 1937) is an American Businessman who currently serves as the United States Deputy Secretary of Defense "
On May 1, 2005, the New York Times reported on an ongoing high-level military investigation into accusations of detainee abuse at Guantánamo, conducted by Lt. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Gen. Randall M. Schmidt of the Air Force, and dealing with: "accounts by agents for the Federal Bureau of Investigation who complained after witnessing detainees subjected to several forms of harsh treatment. The F. B. I. agents wrote in memorandums that were never meant to be disclosed publicly that they had seen female interrogators forcibly squeeze male prisoners' genitals, and that they had witnessed other detainees stripped and shackled low to the floor for many hours. "[159][160]
In June 2005, the United States House Committee on Armed Services visited the camp and described it as a "resort" and complimented the quality of the food. The US House Committee on Armed Services, commonly known as the House Armed Services Committee, is a Standing committee of the United States House of Representatives However Democratic members of the committee complained that Republicans had blocked the testimony of attorneys representing the prisoners. [161] Democratic Senators have visited Guantánamo and they reported that they could not find evidence of abuse or mistreatment.
On July 12, 2005, members of a military panel told the committee that they proposed disciplining prison commander Army Major General Geoffrey Miller over the interrogation of Mohamed al-Kahtani who was forced to wear a bra, dance with another man and threatened with dogs. Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Mohamed Mani Ahmad al-Kahtani (محمد مانع أحمد القحطاني sometimes transliterated Muhammed al-Qahtani) is an alleged member of the Terrorist The recommendation was overruled by General Bantz J. Craddock, commander of U.S. Southern Command, who referred the matter to the Army's inspector general. General Bantz John Craddock (born 1950 is the current Commander U The United States Southern Command ( USSOUTHCOM) located in Miami, Florida, is one of ten Unified Combatant Commands (COCOMs in the [162]
Media representations
- The Road to Guantanamo, 2006 film about the Tipton Three
- Guantanamo - American Officer Tortures Prisoners and Murders Investigator in an Iranian TV Drama, 2006 Iranian drama shown on Al-Kawthar TV and noted by the Middle East Media Research Institute
- Camp Delta, Guantanamo 2006, France culture. The Tipton Three is the collective name given to three men from Tipton, England, United Kingdom, who were held in Extrajudicial detention for Al-Kawthar TV is a Tehran -based Arabic -language television channel The Middle East Media Research Institute, or MEMRI for short is a Middle Eastern press monitoring organization located in Washington D com - April 30, 2006 -- a radio feature by Frank Smith. Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Frank Smith may refer to; In government and politics: Frank Smith (Canadian politician (1822-1901 Canadian senator and businessman
- Five Years of My Life: An Innocent Man in Guantanamo, a memoir by Murat Kurnaz. Murat Kurnaz (born March 19, 1982 in Bremen, Germany) was held in Extrajudicial detention and claims to have been Tortured
- Frontline: The Torture Question (2005), a PBS documentary that traces the history of how decisions made in Washington in the immediate aftermath of Sept. The Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS) is a Non-profit Public broadcasting Television service with 354 member TV stations in the 11 led to a robust interrogation policy that laid the groundwork for prisoner abuse in Afghanistan; Guantanamo Bay, Cuba; and Iraq's Abu Ghraib prison [163]
- Gitmo, a Swedish documentary, attempted to clarify some of the issues concerning the nature of the interrogation processes, through interviews with previous Guantánamo and Abu Ghraib personnel. The War in Afghanistan, which began on October 7 2001 as the U The Abu Ghraib prison (سجن أبو غريب also Abu Ghurayb is in Abu Ghraib, an Iraqi city 32 km (20 mi west of Baghdad. Gitmo The new rules of war is a Swedish documentary about the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base by Erik Gandini and Tarik Saleh "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. '
- Habeas Schmabeas, an episode of the radio program This American Life produced by Chicago Public Radio, discussed the conditions at the facility, the legal justifications and arguments surrounding the detention of prisoners there, and the history of the principle of Habeas Corpus. This American Life ( TAL) is a weekly hour-long Radio program produced by Chicago Public Radio and hosted by Ira Glass. Chicago Public Radio is a noncommercial Public radio station broadcasting from Chicago, Illinois. Habeas corpus (ˈheɪbiəs ˈkɔɹpəs ( Latin: command that you have the body is the name of a legal action or Writ, through which a person can seek relief It also features interviews with two former detainees. The episode won a 2006 Peabody Award [164]
- Prisoner 345 (2006) details the case of Al Jazeera cameraman Sami Al Hajj, detained at the camp since 2002. The George Foster Peabody Awards, better known as simply the Peabody Awards, are annual international awards for excellence in Radio and Television broadcasting Prisoner 345 is a 2006 documentary film about detained Al Jazeera cameraman Sami Al Hajj, who has been detained at the United States detainee camp at For the English-language channel see Al Jazeera English Al Jazeera (الجزيرة al-jazīrah,, meaning "The Island" Sami Mohy El Din Muhammed Al Hajj ( Arabic: سامي محي الدين محمد الحاج) aka Sami Al-Haj ( Khartoum, Sudan February 15
- Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay (2008), a racial and political satire. Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay is the 2008 Comedy film Sequel to the 2004 film Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle
See also
- Disarmed Enemy Forces
- Civilian Internee
- Unlawful combatant
- Torture and the United States
- Al Qaeda Handbook
- Encyclopedia of Afghan Jihad
- Abu Ghraib prison
- Minors detained in the global war on terror
- Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse
- Bagram Theater Internment Facility
- Bagram torture and prisoner abuse
- Habeas Corpus Restoration Act of 2007
- Military Police: Enemy Prisoners of War, Retained Personnel, Civilian Internees and Other Detainees
- Guantanamo captives' habeas corpus petitions
- Camp Delta manual
- Custody and the Stammheim trial (Red Army Faction)
- Belmarsh Prison - One of the UK's maximum security prisons, which was used to hold prisoners without charge or trial as recently as 2006; leading it to be referred to as the "British version of Guantanamo Bay"
- Cellular Jail - A prison owned by the UK which was setup in 1906 for similar purposes as Guantánamo Bay; imprisoning Indian fighters in the Indian independence movement at that time
- Nuremberg Principles
- Nuremberg Trials
- Nuremberg Trials bibliography
References
- ^ Afghan Prisoners Going to Gray Area: Military Unsure What Follows Transfer to U.S. Base in Cuba, Washington Post, January 9, 2002
- ^ Guantanamo Bay prisoners plant seeds of hope in secret garden, The Independent, April 29, 2006 -- mirror
- ^ Alberto J. Mora. Disarmed Enemy Forces, and &mdash more uncommon &mdash Surrendered Enemy Forces, was a U Civilian Internee is a special status of a prisoner under the Fourth Geneva Convention. An unlawful combatant or unprivileged combatant/belligerent is a Civilian who directly engages in armed conflict under the International Humanitarian Law Torture in the United States include documented and alleged cases inside the United States and outside the border by government personnel See also Encyclopedia of Afghan Jihad A particular type of Terrorist literature is the Al Qaeda Handbook. Encyclopedia of Afghan Jihad (aka Encyclopedia of the Afghani Jihad or Encyclopedia of Afghan Terrorism) is a manual of Jihad in ten or eleven The Abu Ghraib prison (سجن أبو غريب also Abu Ghurayb is in Abu Ghraib, an Iraqi city 32 km (20 mi west of Baghdad. Beginning in 2004 accounts of Abuse, Torture, Sodomy and Homicide of Prisoners held in the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq The Bagram Theater Internment Facility is a controversial American detention facility located at Bagram Air Base in Afghanistan. In 2005 The New York Times obtained a 2000-page United States Army report concerning the Homicides of two unarmed Civilian Afghani A bill provisionally called the Habeas Corpus Restoration Act of 2007,, passed the United States Senate Judiciary Committee on Thursday June 7, Military Police Enemy Prisoners of War Retained Personnel Civilian Internees and Other Detainees is the full title of a United States Department of Defense document usually The captives at the United States Guantanamo Bay detention camps in Cuba have had over 200 writs of habeas corpus submitted on their behalf The Red Army Faction or RAF ( German Rote Armee Fraktion) (in its early stages commonly known as Baader-Meinhof Group ''Gang'' was one HM Prison Belmarsh is a high security Prison in the Thamesmead area of the London Borough of Greenwich in south-east London. The Cellular Jail (also known as Kālā Pānī, literally 'Black water' a term for the deep sea and hence exile situated in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands The term " Indian independence movement " is diffuse incorporating various national and regional campaigns agitations and efforts of both Nonviolent and Militant The Nuremberg Principles were a set of guidelines for determining what constitutes a War crime. The Nuremberg Trials were a series of trials most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political military and economic leadership of Nazi Germany after The following is a selected bibliography devoted to the Nuremberg Trials Allen Charles R The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. The Independent is a British compact Newspaper published by Tony O'Reilly 's Independent News & Media. Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Alberto J Mora is a recently retired General Counsel of the U "Statement for the record: Office of General Counsel involvement in interrogation issues", United States Navy, July 7, 2004. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Retrieved on May 27. Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed
- ^ Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (29 June 2006). Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. Retrieved on 2007-02-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead
- ^ "US detainees to get Geneva rights", BBC, 2006-07-11. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy.
- ^ "White House: Detainees entitled to Geneva Convention protections", CNN, 2006-07-11. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy.
- ^ "White House Changes Gitmo Policy", CBS News, 2006-07-11. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy.
- ^ BBC NEWS | World | Americas | Why US is 'stuck' with Guantanamo Bay
- ^ 6 at Guantánamo Said to Face Trial in 9/11 Case - New York Times
- ^ BBC NEWS | World | Americas | US 'stuck' with Guantanamo prison
- ^ Guantanamo Bay - Camp Delta, Camp Echo. Retrieved on 2007-04-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England.
- ^ Stafford Smith, Clive (2008). Bad Men. United Kingdom: Phoenix. ISBN 978-0-7538-2352-1.
- ^ AP confirms secret camp inside Gitmo - Yahoo! News
- ^ Eight More Guantanamo Detainees Released or Transferred. International Information Programs (20 July 2005). Retrieved on 2006-03-15. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
- ^ November 12, 2005, report by the Wall Street Journal
- ^ >Guantanamo Bay - Detainees, Globalsecurity.org. Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ >Guantanamo hunger strikers at 75, The Australian, May 30, 2006. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Wikileaks - Camp Delta Standard Operating Procedure http://88.80.13.160/wiki/Camp_Delta_Standard_Operating_Procedure
- ^ Actual Document http://88.80.13.160/leak/gitmo-sop.pdf
- ^ In court filings made public in January 2007, FBI agents reported that they observed a few detainees at Guantanamo Bay who were: chained in a fetal position on the floor; subjected to extremes of temperature; one was gagged with duct tape; one was rubbing his legs a possible result of being held in a stress position while shackled; one was shackled in a baseball catcher's position; and subjected to loud music and flashing lights. Fetal position ( British English: foetal is a medical term used to describe the Positioning of the Body of a prenatal Fetus as it Duct tape (sometimes called duck tape; Stress Positions, also known as submission positions place the human body in such a way that a great amount of weight is placed on just one or two muscles One Boston agent reported that she observed two incidents that she described as, "personally very upsetting to me," of two detainees chained in a fetal position between 18 to 24 hours that had urinated and defecated on themselves. Former Turkish-German Guantanamo bay prisoner Murat Kurnaz reports about systematic torture there in his book "Five years of my life. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Murat Kurnaz (born March 19, 1982 in Bremen, Germany) was held in Extrajudicial detention and claims to have been Tortured " (available in German language). The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages.
- ^ FBI, FOIA documentPDF (5. 25 MB)
- ^ "Folter in Guantánamo?" () (October 17 2004). Events 539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung.
- ^ Washington Debates Application Of Geneva Conventions.
- ^ Monbiot, George (March 25 2003). "One rule for them". The Guardian.
- ^ In re Guantanamo Detainee Cases, 355 F. Supp. 2d 443 (D. D. C. 2005).
- ^ Guantánamo Bay - a human rights scandal. Amnesty International. Retrieved on 2006-03-15. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
- ^ Dan Eggen, Josh White. Dan Eggen (born January 13, 1970 in Oslo) is a former Norwegian footballer, who played as a central defender Joshua Daniel White ( February 11, 1914 –- September 5, 1969) best known as Josh White, was a legendary American "Inmates Alleged Koran Abuse: FBI Papers Cite Complaints as Early as 2002", Washington Post, Wednesday, May 26, 2005. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on April 16. Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom
- ^ Dan Eggen. Dan Eggen (born January 13, 1970 in Oslo) is a former Norwegian footballer, who played as a central defender "FBI Reports Duct-Taping, 'Baptizing' at Guantanamo", Washington Post, Wednesday, January 3, 2007. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on April 16. Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom
- ^ Betty Ann Bowser. "Allegations of abuse", PBS Newshour, June 3, 2005. For other uses see News Hour. The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer is an evening Television News program broadcast Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on April 16. Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom
- ^ "'Religious abuse' at Guantanamo", BBC, Thursday, February 10, 2005. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on April 16. Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom
- ^ "US Guantanamo guard kicked Koran", BBC, Saturday, June 4, 2005. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on April 16. Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom
- ^ "RECENT NEWS: "guantanamo bay detainees abuse"", The Jurist. JURIST is an online legal news service hosted by the University of Pittsburgh School of Law, written by founder Professor Bernard Hibbitts and a staff of more than Retrieved on April 16. Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom
- ^ Factors for and against the continued detention (.pdf), of Mesut Sen Administrative Review Board, January 25, 2005 - page 1
- ^ "'Fingernail slash' at Guantanamo", BBC News, 2007-12-05. Mehut Sen is a Belgian held in Extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantanamo Bay detention camps in Cuba. The Administrative Review Board is a United States military body that conducts an annual review of the Suspects held by the United States in Camp Delta Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations. Retrieved on 2008-03-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of
- ^ Triple suicide at Guantanamo camp, BBC, June 11, 2006
- ^ Three die in Guantanamo suicide pact, The Times, June 11, 2006
- ^ The three detainees hanged themselves with nooses made of sheets and clothes. Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. A noose is a loop at the end of a rope in which the Knot slides to make the loop collapsible According to military officials, the suicides were co-ordinated acts of protests, but human rights activists and defense attorneys said the deaths signaled the desperation of many of the detainees. Barbara Olshansky of the Center for Constitutional Rights, which represents about 300 Guantanamo prisoners said that detainees "have this incredible level of despair that they will never get justice". Barbara Olshansky is an American Human rights lawyer The Case for Impeachment Olshansky is author with Dave Lindorff of The Center for Constitutional Rights ( CCR) is a non-profit legal advocacy organization based in New York City, New York, U JUSTICE is a Human rights and law reform organisation based in the United Kingdom.
- ^ a b c d "Guantanamo commander says 3 detainees hang themselves with makeshift nooses", USA Today, June 10, 2006. USA TODAY is a national American daily Newspaper published by the Gannett Company. Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli
- ^ Denbeaux said one of his clients, Mohammed Abdul Rahman, appeared to be depressed and hardly spoke during a June 1 visit. Lufti Bin Ali (also known as Mohammed Abdul Rahman) is a Tunisian held in Extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantanamo Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Rahman was on a hunger strike at the time and was force-fed soon after, Denbeaux said. Force-feeding, which in some circumstances is also called gavage, is the practice of feeding a person or an animal against their will "He told us he would rather die than stay in Guantanamo," the attorney said. "He doesn't believe he will ever get out of Guantanamo alive. "
- ^ Mass Guantanamo suicide protest. BBC News (25 January 2005). Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate Retrieved on 2006-03-15. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
- ^ The prisoners supposedly feel that they may be able to get better treatment or release with suicide attempts. Daryl Matthews, a professor of forensic psychiatry at the [[University of Hawaii]¶] who examined the prisoners, stated that given the cultural differences between interrogators and prisoners, such a classification was difficult if not impossible. Daryl Matthews is a Medical doctor and a Professor of Forensic Psychiatry at the University of Hawaii. Forensic psychiatry is a subspecialty of Psychiatry. It encompasses the interface between Law and psychiatry Clinical depression is common in Guantánamo, with 1/5 of all prisoners taking antidepressants such as prozac. Major depressive disorder, also known as major depression, unipolar depression, unipolar disorder, clinical depression, or simply depression An antidepressant is a Psychiatric medication used for alleviating major depression or Dysthymia ('milder' depression
- ^ Rose, David (January 2004). "Operation Take Away My Freedom: Inside Guantanamo Bay On Trial". Vanity Fair: 88.
- ^ Kahn, Irene (25 May 2005). Amnesty International Report 2005 Speech by Irene Khan at Foreign Press Association. Retrieved on 2006-03-15. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
- ^ This comparison of Guantánamo Bay to the Gulag system was met by criticism of Amnesty International. "American Gulag" (May 26 2005). Washington Post.
- ^ a prominent judge in the United Kingdom, was quoted in the British newspaper The Independent on 26 November 2003, regarding the planned trial of some prisoners by military tribunal
- ^ "This is a US Torture Camp" (January 12 2007). The Independent is a British compact Newspaper published by Tony O'Reilly 's Independent News & Media. November 2003: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - A military tribunal is a kind of Military Court designed to try members of enemy forces during Wartime operating outside the scope of conventional The Guardian.
- ^ Meek, James (December 3 2003). "US fires Guantanamo defense team". The Guardian.
- ^ "Many lawyers rebuffed at Guantanamo Bay" (May 5 2007). The Boston Globe.
- ^ Friedman, Thomas L. (May 27 2005). "Just Shut It Down". New York Times.
- ^ "Un-American by Any Name" (June 5 2005). Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem New York Times.
- ^ UN experts cancel Guantanamo visit, citing U.S. block (18 November 2005). Retrieved on 2006-03-15. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
- ^ Annan: Shut Guantanamo prison camp. CNN. com (17 February 2006). Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori Retrieved on 2006-03-15. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
- ^ Zerrougui, Leila; Leandro Despouy, Manfred Nowak, Asma Jahangir, Paul Hunt (15 February 2006). Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor Situation of detainees at Guantánamo Bay (PDF). United Nations Economic and Social Council. Retrieved on 2006-03-15. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
- ^ 404 error. CNN. com. Retrieved on 2006-03-15. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
- ^ Merkel: Guantanamo Mustn't Exist in Long Term. Spiegel Online (January 9 2006). Retrieved on 2006-03-15. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
- ^ Close Guantanamo camp, Hain says. BBC News (17 February 2006). Retrieved on 2006-03-15. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
- ^ Doctors attack U.S. over Guantanamo. BBC News (10 March 2006). Retrieved on 2006-03-15. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
- ^ Doctors demand end to Guantánamo force-feeding (March 10 2006). Retrieved on 2006-03-15. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
- ^ "War crimes tribunal orders force-feeding of Serbian warlord", The Guardian, December 7, 2006. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-09-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers
- ^ UK told U.S. won't shut Guantanamo, BBC, May 11, 2006
- ^ US 'must end secret detentions', BBC, May 19, 2006
- ^ UN Committee against Torture, CAT/C/USA/CO/2PDF (130 KB), 18 May 2006
- ^ "Euro MPs urge Guantanamo closure", BBC, June 13, 2006. Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Suicides spur Guantanamo criticism, CNN
- ^ "Toplevel plea for detainees", Argus Newspapers, September 14, 2006. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Colin Powell says Guantanamo should be closed (June 10 2007). Retrieved on 2007-06-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem
- ^ "Senators Skirmish Over Gitmo Detentions", San Francisco Chronicle, April 26, 2007. Events 1467 - The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Publics in Europe and India See U.S. as Violating International Law at Guantánamo. World Public Opinion (July 17, 2006). Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli
- ^ Global polling date on opinion of American policies, values and people. United States Congress (March 6, 2007). The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli
- ^ Jonathan Marcus. "US faces sceptical world over Iraq", BBC, Tuesday, February 28, 2006. Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli
- ^ Hyland, Julie (6 August 2004). Britons release devastating account of torture and abuse by U.S. forces at Guantanamo. World Socialist Web Site. Retrieved on 2006-03-18. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor
- ^ 'Two people were beaten to death' - Moazzam Begg interview. Channel 4 news (24 February 2005). Retrieved on 2007-05-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily.
- ^ UK: Medics condemn government over Guantánamo in new letter
- ^ 'Days of adverse hardship in U.S. detention camps - Testimony of Guantánamo detainee Jumah al-Dossari'. Amnesty International (6 December 2005). Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ The allegations were in transcripts the U. S. government released in compliance with a Freedom of Information lawsuit filed by AP. 404 error. Retrieved on 2006-03-18. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor
- ^ Mark Denbeaux et. Mark P Denbeaux (b July 30, 1943 in Gainesville Florida) is a law professor at Seton Hall University School of Law, author of a standard all. , Report on Guantanamo detainees: A Profile of 517 DetaineesPDF (467 KB), Seton Hall University, February 8, 2006
- ^ Headlines for October 20, 2005. Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Democracy Now!. Retrieved on 2006-03-18. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor
- ^ Guantanamo hunger strikers say U.S. misuses feeding tubes. Xinhua. net (October 21 2005). Retrieved on 2006-03-18. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor
- ^ Guantanamo detainee pleads to die. Aljazeera. net (26 October 2005). Retrieved on 2006-03-18. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor
- ^ Invitation to UN Special Rapporteurs to Visit Guantanamo Bay Detention Facilities. US Department of State (October 28 2005). Events 306 - Maxentius is proclaimed Roman Emperor. 312 - Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine Retrieved on 2006-03-18. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor
- ^ wire services (October 29 2005). U.S. invites U.N. experts to Guantanamo camp. St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved on 2006-03-18. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor
- ^ Guantanamo Visit Rules Set by U.S. Called Unacceptable by UN. Retrieved on 2006-03-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China.
- ^ Colgan, Jill (30 October 2005). Former army chaplain breaks silence over Guantanamo. Retrieved on 2006-03-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China.
- ^ Preston, Julia. Prisoner Says Abuse of His Islamic Books Preceded Beating in '01. Retrieved on 2006-03-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China.
- ^ Doctors urge UK to intervene against Guantanamo force-feeding. Retrieved on 2006-03-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China.
- ^ Judge rules on Guantanamo strike. BBC News. Retrieved on 2006-03-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China.
- ^ Akeel, Maha. 40 Saudis Likely to Be Freed From Guantanamo Soon. Arab News. Retrieved on 2006-03-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China.
- ^ Five Kuwaitis return from Guantanamo Bay. People's Daily Online. Retrieved on 2006-03-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China.
- ^ Three Bahrainees released from Guantanamo prison (HTML). Arabic News. Retrieved on 2006-03-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China.
- ^ Four More Detainees Released from Guantanamo Detention Center. US International Information Programs. Retrieved on 2006-03-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China.
- ^ Lewis, Anthony (June 21 2005). Guantánamo's Long Shadow. New York Times. Retrieved on 2006-03-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China.
- ^ this story is not currently available. Retrieved on 2006-03-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China.
- ^ Threats And Responses: Captives; Tales Of Despair From Guantánamo - New York Times
- ^ Pentagon Approved Tougher Interrogations. Retrieved on 2006-12-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of (Refers to "Pentagon Approved Tougher Interrogations" by Dana Priest and Joe Stephens, Washington Post staff writers. )
- ^ "TruthOut.org" copy of "Pentagon Approved Tougher Interrogations". Retrieved on 2006-12-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of (Refers to "Pentagon Approved Tougher Interrogations" by Dana Priest and Joe Stephens, Washington Post staff writers. )
- ^ Army Now Says G.I. Was Beaten in Role, New York Times, 9 June 2004
- ^ U.S. Said to Overstate Value of Guantánamo Detainees. June 2004: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September New York Times. Retrieved on 2006-03-15. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
- ^ a b Guantanamo Tactics 'Tantamount to Torture' -NY Times. Retrieved on 2007-07-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England.
- ^ a b Red Cross Finds Detainee Abuse In Guantánamo. New York Times. Retrieved on 2006-03-15. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
- ^ a b Press Release 04/70: The ICRC's work at Guantanamo Bay. International Committee of the Red Cross (30 November 2004). Retrieved on 2006-03-15. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
- ^ Priest, Dana; Joe Stephens (May 9 2004). "Pentagon Approved Tougher Interrogations" (). Washington Post. - 404 error as of last access
- ^ Malkin, Michelle. "The Truth About Gitmo that Islamist Sympathizers Don't Want You to Hear", Human Events Online, June 3, 2005. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Fwd: Impersonating FBI at GTMO (PDF). Retrieved on 2006-03-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China.
- ^ Cheney:'Iraq will be enormous success story'. Retrieved on 2007-06-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering
- ^ "Cheney confirms that detainees were subjected to water-boarding" by Jonathan S. Landay, McClatchy Newspapers, October 25, 2006
- ^ Guantanamo inmates back in France, BBC news
- ^ Last Guantanamo Frenchmen go home, BBC news
- ^ Tania Branigan and Vikram Dodd (August 4 2004). Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. "Afghanistan to Guantánamo Bay - the story of three British detainees". The Guardian.
- ^ Moazzam Begg Speaks about his experience at Guantanamo. Indymedia UK (April 4 2005). Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. Retrieved on 2006-03-15. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
- ^ Chinese Detainees Are Men Without a Country: 15 Muslims, Cleared of Terrorism Charges, Remain at Guantanamo With Nowhere to Go, Washington Post, August 24, 2005
- ^ Emergency Motion to Dismiss as MootPDF (161 KB), Department of Justice, May 5, 2006
- ^ Making Justice Moot, Alternet, May 6, 2006
- ^ Albania takes Guantanamo Uyghurs, BBC, May 6, 2006
- ^ Guantanamo Uyghurs Try to Settle in Albania, Radio Free Asia, May 10, 2006
- ^ "German Turk freed from Guantanamo", BBC, Friday, August 25, 2006. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For animal rights group see Justice Department (JD The United States Department of Justice ( DOJ) is a Cabinet department Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. AlterNet, a project of the non-profit Independent Media Institute, is a Progressive / liberal news and opinion Website that was launched in Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Radio Free Asia (RFA is a private radio station funded by the United States Congress that broadcasts in nine Asian languages Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli
- ^ Released Russian Guantanamo Prisoners Seized in Moscow. MosNews (30 August 2005). Retrieved on 2006-03-15. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,
- ^ Russian Federation: Further information on: Fear for safety/fear of torture or ill-treatment/"disappearance". AI (2 September 2005). Retrieved on 2006-07-20. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold
- ^ Cheney defends Guantanamo as essential to war: VP says that if freed, prisoners would return to battlefield, San Francisco Chronicle, 14 June 2005
- ^ "Ex-Guantanamo inmate in Iraq suicide bombing: TV", Reuters, Thursday May 1, 2008. The San Francisco Chronicle was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H 2005: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October This article is primarily about Reuters prior to its 2008 merger with Thomson Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-05-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor.
- ^ "Report: Former Guantanamo detainee carried out Iraq suicide attack", International Herald Tribune, May 2, 2008. The International Herald Tribune is a widely read English language international Newspaper Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-05-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor.
- ^ "Ex-Gitmo prisoner carries out suicide attack", MSNBC, May 7, 2008. MSNBC is a 24-hour cable television news channel based in the United States and available in Canada. Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-05-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses
- ^ BBC NEWS | Americas | Rice in Guantanamo closure appeal
- ^ BBC NEWS | Americas | Rice in Guantanamo closure appeal
- ^ Article 5 states that : "Should any doubt arise as to whether persons, having committed a belligerent act and having fallen into the hands of the enemy, belong to any of the categories enumerated in Article 4, such persons shall enjoy the protection of the present Convention until such time as their status has been determined by a competent tribunal. "
- ^ Error: Invalid story key (SJ,20050716,ZNYT02,507160358,AR). Retrieved on 2006-03-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
- ^ "US court rejects Guantanamo trial", BBC News.
- ^ Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (PDF). Supreme Court of the United States.
- ^ The Gitmo decision, Washington Times, July 11, 2006
- ^ "Defense Department Background Briefing on the Combatant Status Review Tribunal" . The Washington Times is a daily Broadsheet Newspaper published in Washington D Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Leonnig, Carol D. (March 27 2005). Carol D Leonnig is an American investigative Journalist and a prominent Washington Post Staff Writer "Panel Ignored Evidence on Detainee". Washington Post: A01.
- ^ USA: Legal concern/Fear of torture/Health concern: Fawaz Naman Hamoud Abdullah Mahdi. Amnesty International (25 November 2005). Retrieved on 2006-03-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
- ^ These people include Khalid Sheik Mohammed, believed to be the No. Khalid Sheikh Mohammed ( خالد شيخ محمد; also transliterated as Khalid Shaikh Mohammed, and additionally known by at least fifty aliases 3 al-Qaeda leader before he was captured in Pakistan in 2003; Ramzi Binalshibh, an alleged would-be September 11, 2001, hijacker; and Abu Zubaydah, who was believed to be a link between Osama bin Laden and many al-Qaeda cells before he was also captured in Pakistan, in March 2002. Al-Qaeda, alternatively spelled al-Qaida, al-Qa`ida or al-Qa`idah, ( Arabic:; ar-Latn ''al-qāʿidah'' Translation: The Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Ramzi Binalshibh (رمزي بن الشيبة of which Binalshibh is an erroneous latinization also erroneous is the transliterated version of Ramzi bin al-Shibh Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Abu Zubaydah (born 12 March 1971 as Zayn al-Abidin Muhammad Husayn (ابو زبيدة was according to American authorities a high-ranking member of Al-Qaida Osama bin Laden, with some spelling variations is the name used in English to refer to (أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن born 10 March
- ^ "Bush admits to CIA secret prisons", BBC, Thursday, September 7, 2006. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli
- ^ Sen. Frist: Trials for Gitmo Terror Suspects, NewsMax Media, September 11, 2006
- ^ Pentagon will release Guantanamo names. Newsmax Media is a Conservative political organization founded by journalist Christopher W Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. CNN. com (24 February 2006). Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the Retrieved on 2006-03-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
- ^ Reprocessed Combatant Status Review Tribunal (CSRT) and Administrative Review Board (ARB) Documents. United States Department of Defence (March 3 2006). Retrieved on 2006-03-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
- ^ Leitsinger, Miranda; Ben Fox (3 March 2006). Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Pentagon Releases Names of Gitmo Inmates. ABC News. Retrieved on 2006-03-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
- ^ List of Individuals Detained by the Department of Defense at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba from January 2002 through May 15, 2006, US Department of Defense, May 15, 2006
- ^ France judge postpones terrorism verdict for former Guantanamo detainees. Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Jurist (28 September 2006). Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. Retrieved on 2006-09-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt.
- ^ Castro blasts Guantanamo 'concentration camp'
- ^ Leonnig, Carol D.; John Mintz (November 9 2004). Carol D Leonnig is an American investigative Journalist and a prominent Washington Post Staff Writer Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all "Judge Says Detainees' Trials Are Unlawful". Washington Post: Page A01.
- ^ U.S. Officials Misstate Geneva Convention Requirements. Human Rights News (January 28 2002). Retrieved on 2006-03-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger
- ^ In re Guantanamo Detainee Cases, 355 F. Supp. 2d 443 (D. D. C. 2005).
- ^ Nuremberg prosecutor says Guantanamo trials unfair | U.S. | Reuters
- ^ Fletcher, George P. (January 1 2002). "War and the Constitution" (). The American Prospect 13 (1).
- ^ Edgar, Timothy H. (June 23 2004). Revised ACLU Interested Person's Memo Urging Congress to Reject Power to Detain Suspected Terrorists Indefinitely Without Charge, Trial or a Right to Counsel. ACLU. Retrieved on 2006-03-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger
- ^ Cowdery, Nicholas (10 August-14 August 2003). Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures "TERRORISM AND THE RULE OF LAW" (). International Association of Prosecutors, 8th Annual Conference.
- ^ American Bar Association Task Force On Treatment Of Enemy Combatants Criminal Justice Section, Section Of Individual Rights And Responsibilities - Report To The House Of Delegates (PDF). Findlaw. com. Retrieved on 2006-03-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger
- ^ 404 error. Retrieved on 2006-03-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
- ^ Red Cross report details alleged Iraq abuses. The Guardian (May 10 2004). Retrieved on 2006-03-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
- ^ Khan, Irene. Amnesty International Report 2005 Foreword. Amnesty International. Retrieved on 2006-03-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
- ^ Amnesty International Report 2005. Retrieved on 2006-01-06. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1066 - Harold Godwinson is crowned King of England. 1205 - Philip of Swabia becomes King
- ^ 404 error. Miami Herald. Retrieved on 2006-03-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
- ^ 404 error. Philadelphia Daily News. Retrieved on 2006-03-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
- ^ Rice, Ned (June 14 2005). Amnesty Irrational. Retrieved on 2006-03-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
- ^ Gitmo interrogations spark battle over tactics (23 October 2006). Events 4004 BC - Creation of the world begins according to the calculations of Archbishop James Ussher 42 BC - Retrieved on 2006-11-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany)
- ^ Memorandum for Inspector General, Department of the Navy. Statement for the record: Office of General Councel involvement in interrogation issues (PDF) (July 7 2005). Retrieved on 2006-03-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China.
- ^ "Tribunals Didn't Rely on Torture" (December 13 2004). Washington Post: A20.
- ^ 'Inquiry Finds Abuses at Guantánamo Bay' By NEIL A. LEWIS and ERIC SCHMITT. The New York Times (5 May 2005). Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ 'Inquiry Finds Abuses at Guantánamo Bay' By NEIL A. LEWIS and ERIC SCHMITT (reprinted at Truthout). The New York Times (5 May 2005). Retrieved on 2006-06-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem
- ^ Reuters (June 30 2005). At hearing, Guantanamo wins praise and criticism. Boston Globe. Retrieved on 2006-03-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China.
- ^ Investigators recommended disciplining Gitmo commander. CNN. com (July 13 2005). Retrieved on 2006-03-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China.
- ^ Introduction to PBS Frontline: The Torture Question.
- ^ Complete list of 2006 Peabody Award Winners.
External links
- Jenner and Block: U.S. Supreme Court Guantánamo Bay Cases: Brief amici curiae of 175 Members of Both Houses of Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandPDF (1. 59 MB)
- The Guantanamo Files: The Stories of the 774 Detainees in America's Illegal Prison by Andy Worthington (Pluto Press, 2007)
- Human Rights Watch report
- BBC: Tipton three complain of beatings (14 March 2004)
- Adel's Anniversary: A Guantanamo Tale, JURIST
- The Prisoner, NOW on PBS
- FOX News: Khalid Sheikh Mohammed at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba confesses to involvement in 31 attacks and plots.
- Bloomberg: Captured Al-Qaeda Operative Confesses at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba to Planning Cole Bombing
- Bill Dedman, Gitmo interrogations spark battle over tactics: The inside story of criminal investigators who tried to stop abuse, MSNBC.com
- Ruling saying Hamdan needs competent tribunal to determine his POW statusPDF
- Fate of Prisoners From Afghan War Remains Uncertain, Neil Lewis, New York Times, 24 April 2003
- American Civil Liberties Union: Federal Court Decision Granting Guantánamo Bay Detainees Judicial Review Caps Red-Letter Day for Checks and Balances
- Canada puts U.S. on torture watch list: CTV, CTV News, January 17, 2008
- Pentagon charges 6 in 9-11 attacks
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