This article is about the Mexican city of Guadalajara. For other meanings, see Guadalajara.

Guadalajara
Flag Seal
Coordinates: 20°40′00.17″N 103°21′01.23″W / 20.6667139, -103.3503417
Country	Mexico
State	Jalisco
Foundation	1542
Government
- Mayor	Alfonso Petersen Farah (PAN)
Area
- City	187. The flag of the city of Guadalajara is the emblem that represents this city and is used by the town hall as representative symbol of the city The Emperor Carlos V of Germany and I of Spain grants the Title of City to to Guadalajara and granted his the shield of weapon in the year of 1539. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Jalisco is a state in Mexico. The capital of Jalisco is the city of Guadalajara. The National Action Party ( Spanish Partido Acción Nacional) known by the acronym PAN, is a conservative and Christian democratic Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 9 km² (72. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 5 sq mi)
- Metro	2,734 km² (1,055. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 6 sq mi)
Population (2006)
- City	1,600,940
- Density	8,543/km² (22,126. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 3/sq mi)
- Metro	4,112,332
- Metro Density	1,498/km² (3,879. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central 8/sq mi)
- Demonym	Tapatío
Time zone	Central Standard Time (UTC-6)
- Summer (DST)	Central Daylight Time (UTC-5)
Website: http://www.Guadalajara.gob.mx

Guadalajara (pronounced /ˌgwɑːdləˈhɑːrə/^[1]; Spanish pronunciation [ɡwað̞alaˈxaɾa]) is the capital city of the Mexican state of Jalisco, and the seat of the municipality of Guadalajara. A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place Tapatío is a Mexican Spanish colloquial term for someone from Guadalajara in the state of Jalisco, Mexico's second largest city The Central Time Zone observes Standard time by subtracting six hours from UTC during standard time ( UTC−6) and five hours during Daylight saving Areas using UTC−6 Single zone countries Belize Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Daylight saving time ( DST The Central Time Zone observes Standard time by subtracting six hours from UTC during standard time ( UTC−6) and five hours during Daylight saving UTC−5 is the Time offset used in the North American Eastern Time Zone during Standard time and in the North American Central Time Zone during The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Jalisco is a state in Mexico. The capital of Jalisco is the city of Guadalajara. The city is located in the central region of the state and in the western-Pacific area of Mexico. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. With a population of 1,600,940 it is Mexico's second most populous municipality. ^[2] The Guadalajara Metropolitan Area includes other adjacent municipalities and has a population of 4,112,332 inhabitants, making it the second most populous metropolitan area in Mexico, behind Mexico City, and the 23rd largest metropolitan area of the Americas. The Guadalajara Metropolitan Area ( Spanish: Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara) is the most populous metropolitan area of the Mexican state Gdl3jpg|thumb| Guadalajara]] Metropolitan areas in Mexico have been traditionally defined as the group of municipalities that heavily interact with each other usually Mexico City (in Spanish: Ciudad de México, México DF, México or simply Méjico) is the Capital city of Mexico The municipality is the most densely populated in Mexico after the Ciudad Nezahualcóyotl in the State of Mexico. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume Ciudad Nezahualcóyotl (aka Ciudad Neza is a city and seat of the municipality of Mexico State adjacent to the northeast corner of Mexico Mexico State or State of Mexico (often abbreviated to " Edomex " from Estado de México in Spanish) is a state in the ^[3].

Guadalajara is situated at an altitude of 1,600 metres (5,200 ft), favouring it with a mild, spring-like climate.

Guadalajara is one of the main centers of culture, economy, history, industry and religion in the country and exerts significant influence on the rest of Mexico.

The city is named after the Spanish city of Guadalajara, whose name originates from the Arabic phrase (وادي الحجرة) Wādī al-Ḥijārah, meaning "valley of stones" or "river than runs among stones". Guadalajara ( Spanish pronunciation) is a city and Municipality in the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha, Spain, and in the Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language ^[4]

The city has hosted several international events such as the first Cumbre Iberoamericana in 1991, the Cumbre América Latina, El Caribe-Unión Europea in 2004, the Encuentro Internacional de Promotores y Gestores Culturales in 2005 and will be the city host of the 2011 Panamerican Games, also was named the American Capital of Culture in 2005, Ciudad Educadora (Educator City) in 2006 and the first Smart City in Mexico due to the use of technology as a main factor of development. The Pan American Games are a Multi-sport event, held every four years between competitors from all nations of The Americas. The Non-governmental organization "American Capital of Culture Organization" selects one city in the Americas annually to serve as the American Capital of ^[5]

According to FDi magazine, Guadalajara is ranked "city of the future" over all other major Mexican cities, has the second strongest economic potential of any major North American city behind Chicago, and was among the top five most business-friendly Latin American cities in 2007. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. ^[6]

Contents 1 History 1.1 20th century 2 Population 3 Economy 3.1 Industry 3.2 Tourism 3.3 Commerce 4 Airport 5 Education 6 Culture 6.1 Architecture 6.2 Cuisine 6.3 Sports 7 1992 explosion 8 Sister cities 9 See also 10 References 11 External links

History

The town of Guadalajara was founded in 1531 by Spanish explorer Cristóbal de Oñate, who was commissioned by the conquistador Nuño de Guzmán. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Cristóbal de Oñate (1504 Spain &mdash October 6, 1567, Pánuco Zacatecas) was a Spanish Basque explorer conquistador and colonial official This article is about the Spanish explorer soldiers of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuriesfor other uses see Conquistador (disambiguation A Conquistador Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán or sometimes Nuño de Guzmán (ca 1490 - 1544 was a Spanish Conquistador and colonial administrator in New Spain. It consisted of 42 inhabitants settled on the Mesa del Cerro, near the border with Nochistlán in the province of Teúl, known today as San Juan. San Juan de los Lagos is a city and its surrounding municipality of the same name located in the northeastern part of the state of Jalisco in Mexico. The name Guadalajara was taken from the birthplace of Nuño de Guzmán in Spain.

Guzmán and Cristóbal de Oñate decided to relocate to a place with more water, fewer dust storms and better transportation. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place to another They began the project on May 19, 1533, and by August 8, 1533 they had moved the town to its second location, near Tonalá. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Events 1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula. Two years later, in March 1535, they again moved the town to a new location.

On November 8, 1539 the emperor Charles V granted a coat of arms and the title of City to Guadalajara. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people

After a large attack by natives on September 28, 1541 during the War of the Mixtón, it was decided once more to relocate the city and re-establish it again in the Atemajac Valley. Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. After the conquest of Mesoamerica, the Spaniards sent various expeditions to explore La Gran Chichimeca.

Today's city of Guadalajara was founded at this site by Crístobal de Oñate on February 14, 1542, by Royal decree of King Charles V. Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was

During the Colonial era, Guadalajara became the capital of Nueva Galicia and prior to the War of Independence it was the capital of the Intendencia of Guadalajara. The Viceroyalty of New Spain (Virreinato de Nueva España was a name given to the Viceroy -ruled territories of the Spanish Empire in North America, El Nuevo Reino de Galicia ( The New Kingdom of Galicia) or Nueva Galicia was a region of New Spain. The Mexican War of Independence (1810 - 1821 was an armed conflict between the people of Mexico and Spanish colonial authorities which started on September 16 1810 The title of intendant (intendant Spanish intendente) has been used in a number of countries through history

20th century

The beginning of the 20th century brought the end of the Porfiriato as the Mexican revolution unfolded. José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori was a Mexican politician ( September 15, 1830 – 2 July 1915) that would later become the president of Mexico Guadalajara emerged from the revolution relatively unscathed. After the Cristero War, peace returned to Guadalajara. The Cristero War (also known as the Cristiada of 1926 to 1929 was an uprising and Counter-revolution against the Anti-Catholic Mexican government of the time set For a long period the city prospered and developed in various areas. Medium and large companies emerged, and the areas around the residential nucleus began to grow out from the center. New architectural concepts were introduced which decorated the city with various building styles from 1920 to 1980. The city underwent multiple urban planning cycles during every government administration. New zones and commercial areas were born, and the creation of transnational companies and the arrival of international industries made the city prosperous. The first shopping centers appeared, which also were among the first being constructed in the country and in Latin America. The city expanded quickly, eventually merging with the municipality of Zapopan. Many important developments occurred during this period: Expo Guadalajara, light rail, shopping centers, hotels, the expansion of streets and avenues, and the development of road infrastructure, services, tourism, and industrial infrastructure. This accelerated development was stopped by the gas explosions of April 22, 1992; hundreds of houses, avenues, streets, companies and infrastructure were seriously damaged, leaving losses calculated at a one billion dollars in one of the most tragic events in the history of Guadalajara. Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) This event, combined with the economic crisis of 1994, resulted in the loss of industrial power for Guadalajara; the investigation lasted more than 11 years without finding sufficient evidence to name a guilty party. The investigations are now closed and the events were deemed accidental.

Population

The Municipality of Guadalajara has the largest population of any city in the state of Jalisco with 1,600,940 inhabitants, according to the 2005 Census. Jalisco is a state in Mexico. The capital of Jalisco is the city of Guadalajara. However, the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area also includes the municipalities of Zapopan, Tlaquepaque, Tonalá, Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, and El Salto, which together totaled 3,967,252 inhabitants in 2005. The Guadalajara Metropolitan Area ( Spanish: Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara) is the most populous metropolitan area of the Mexican state History The actual area of Zapopan was populated before the 12th century by the Totonac, Otomi, Zapotec and Tarascan cultures Sister cities Antigua Guatemala, Guatemala Atwater, California, United States El Salto is a city and the surrounding municipality of the same name in the central region of the Mexican state of Jalisco. Guadalajara is the second most populous metropolitan area in Mexico after Mexico City. The second city of a country is the City that is (or was the second-most important usually after the Capital or first city Mexico City (in Spanish: Ciudad de México, México DF, México or simply Méjico) is the Capital city of Mexico People from Guadalajara are known by the Mexican Spanish colloquial name tapatío. Mexican Spanish ( español mexicano in Spanish is the Spanish language as it is spoken in Mexico. Tapatío is a Mexican Spanish colloquial term for someone from Guadalajara in the state of Jalisco, Mexico's second largest city

Guadalajara's ethnic composition is primarily made up of Criollos (people of European descent), and Mestizos (mixed people, mainly of Amerindian and European descent). Criollo is a term that dates back to the Spanish colonial Casta system ( Caste system) of Latin America Mestizo is a Spanish term that was coined during the Spanish Empire to refer to people of mixed European and Amerindian ancestry in Latin For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States. There is also a small population of Amerindians (mainly from neighboring states). For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States.

The state of Jalisco (particularly Guadalajara and areas to the east) is one of the states of Mexico with a large European descended population, while cultural Amerindians form a small percentage of the population. For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States.

Economy

The geographical location of the city and its communications infrastructure make it very favorable for commerce with the rest of the country, and the city attracts investors and commerce worldwide. In 1987, the Expo Guadalajara Convention Center was opened. Guadalajara has more than 25,000 lodging rooms.

The Metropolitan Zone of Guadalajara has several shopping malls; the city is the national leader in development and investment in shopping malls. Many shopping centers have been built, such as Plaza Galerias, one of the largest shopping centers in Latin America.

Guadalajara is experiencing fast-growing development, including the construction of new buildings like Torrena that will be the tallest building in Latin America by 2009. ^[7] Puerta de Hierro has become one of the most important districts in Guadalajara with construction of buildings including Aura Altitude, a project of 42 floors that will be completed in 2008. thumb|400px|Puerta de Hierro tunel to Andares Puerta de Hierro ("The Iron Door" in English) is one of Guadalajara's wealthiest districts ^[8] The construction of Andares, a shopping complex, has begun. ^[9] More building are on the way in Puerta de Hierro district, like Torre G, Torre Zapopan and Pleyades. Providencia Country has many scheduled apartment projects.

In its 2007 survey entitled "Cities of the Future", FDi magazine ranked Guadalajara highest among major Mexican cities, and designated Guadalajara as having the second strongest economic potential of any major North American city behind Chicago. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. FDI Magazine also ranked the city as the most business-friendly Latin American city in 2007. ^[10]

Industry

Secondary activities consist of industrial production of textiles and metalwork. During the 1990s the city's industrial sector experienced a decline, but it has since regained its position as the industrial capital of western Mexico. ^[11]

The nutrition industry exports most of its products (juice, tinned fruits, sweet products, sauces, canned food and food products in general). Of these products 60% are exported to national destinations while 40% are sent to the United States. In fact, Guadalajaran products are leaders in the Latin market in the United States. In the pharmaceutical industry, Guadalajara and Mexico City together play the most important role in national production. At the moment, Guadalajara is known as the "the Mexican Silicon Valley," due to its electronics industry. The city is the main software producer in the country, and also is a leading producer of electronic and digital components. Such high-technology companies as General Electric, IBM, Intel, Hitachi, Hewlett Packard, Siemens, Flextronics and Solectron have facilities in the city or its suburbs. International Business Machines Corporation abbreviated IBM and nicknamed "Big Blue", is a multinational Computer Technology () is a Multinational corporation specializing in high-technology and services headquartered in Marunouchi Itchome Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. Solectron Corporation was a global electronics manufacturing company for Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs

Beyond technology, the city also has a thriving textile industry that exports products throughout Mexico. The fashion industry is another growing sector; designers, photographers, agencies, coordinators, models, and people associated with this sector are supported by the Chamber of the Industry of Clothing (CAINVE) and the Chamber the Industry of Calzado (CAIC). Other dynamic and important productive sectors are the footwear industry and leather production.

Tourism

The tertiary activities of Guadalajara are based on tourism: the academic, entertainment, sport and cultural tourism. With an expectation for high growth within the next five years, tourism is now one of the most important sectors in the Guadalajaran economy. It is an important tourist destination center in itself and serves as an axis of an array of nearby tourist destinations (Puerto Vallarta, Manzanillo, Mazatlan).

Guadalajara is well connected by modern highways to Mexico City, to the Northwest and to the major beach resorts of Manzanillo, Mazatlan and Puerto Vallarta. Guadalajara's airport is the third most active of the country (after Mexico City and Cancún) with direct flights to many Mexican and American cities. Cancún (pronounced as kanˈkun is a coastal city in Mexico 's easternmost state Quintana Roo, on the Yucatán Peninsula. It also has a lively and distinctive network of car-free streets.

Commerce

Commerce is another of the most dynamic activities of the city. National product transactions, growth and investment in commercial centers, commercial expositions and fairs, transportation, and communications have all contributed to the growth of commerce in Guadalajara. The geographical location of the city makes it strategic for commerce. Services in the city are of all types: financiers, professionals, communal, social, personal technicians, maintenance, and tourism.

Airport

The city is served by the Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla International Airport, also known as Guadalajara International Airport (GDL). Guadalajara International Airport (Aeropuerto Internacional de Guadalajara also known as Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla International Airport. Guadalajara International Airport (Aeropuerto Internacional de Guadalajara also known as Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla International Airport. It is located 16 kilometers south of downtown Guadalajara on the highway to Chapala. Opened in 1966, the airport is the third busiest in Mexico, after Mexico City International Airport and Cancún International Airport. Mexico City International Airport (Aeropuerto Internacional de la Ciudad de México or AICM also called Benito Juárez International Airport is a commercial airport that Cancún International Airport is located in Cancún, Quintana Roo, on the Caribbean coast of Mexico 's Yucatán Peninsula.

Guadalajara's International Airport is composed of two runways and two terminals. It is a major airport for connections, acting as a hub for Mexicana and Aerolitoral, and as a secondary hub for Aeroméxico. Flights are offered to several destinations within Mexico, the United States, Canada, and South America, with connections to Europe. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page

Along with Mexico's main carriers, AeroMexico, Mexicana and Aviacsa, the airport is also served by most U. S. airlines, including Alaska Airlines, American Airlines, Continental, Delta, Frontier and U. S. Airways. Numerous discount airlines also use the airport, flying to Mexican destinations. The newly-launched carriers serving Guadalajara include Avolar, Interjet, Alma de Mexico and Volaris.

Education

Guadalajara is a very important center of universities and educational centers with national and worldwide prestige, such as Universidad Panamericana, ITESO, Universidad de Guadalajara, Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education and the Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara (U. The Universidad Panamericana (commonly known as UP, English: Panamerican University is a private Catholic University, located in Mexico ITESO redirects here for the Ugandan and Kenyan ethnic group see Iteso. University of Guadalajara is a public University settled in Guadalajara Jalisco, Mexico. The Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education ( Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey ITESM) commonly shortened as Monterrey The Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara AC ( UAG) is a private university in Mexico, the first of its kind in the country in recent times A. G. ), among others.

The Universidad de Guadalajara, the state's public university, has its main campuses and administrative offices here. University of Guadalajara is a public University settled in Guadalajara Jalisco, Mexico. This University is the second largest in Mexico and ranks among the largest in the world.

Guadalajara is also home to ITESO, a Jesuit university, and has campuses of several private schools such as Universidad del Valle de Mexico (UVM), ITESO, Tec de Monterrey (ITESM), Universidad Panamericana (UP), and Universidad del Valle de Atemajac (UNIVA), as well as the Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara (UAG), which was founded in 1935 and is the oldest private university in Mexico. ITESO redirects here for the Ugandan and Kenyan ethnic group see Iteso. The Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education ( Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey ITESM) commonly shortened as Monterrey The Universidad Panamericana (commonly known as UP, English: Panamerican University is a private Catholic University, located in Mexico The Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara AC ( UAG) is a private university in Mexico, the first of its kind in the country in recent times In addition, the city hosts one of the most prestigious schools in Mexico: The American School Foundation of Guadalajara (ASFG). The American Institution Foundation of Guadalajara (ASFG is a school of 1420 students in pre-school through twelfth grade it is the only US accredited school in Guadalajara ASFG has 1420 students in pre-school through twelfth grade; it is the only US-accredited school in Guadalajara. ASFG has the best (and only) British library in Guadalajara and the second largest collection of books published in English among the private schools in Mexico.

Culture

Its cultural wealth has taken on an important role in the tourist sector; the city hosts many of the main cultural events in the country and is a main destination for people who visit Mexico. Guadalajara hosts an important community of artists and people interested in art and culture. Recognizing culture as a key factor in the development of Guadalajara, the Guggenheim foundation has approved the construction of what will be the sixth Guggenheim museum in the world, which when finished in the early 2010s will be the tallest structure in Latin America. The city will also host the 2011 Pan-American Games.

Guadalajara has recently released information about the Guggenheim Museum which is currently under construction. This and the majority of the other projects that are currently under construction in Guadalajara are meant to give priority to the cultural wave that is sweeping the city and will transform Guadalajara into the new cultural icon of Latin America for years to come. ^[12]

Guadalajara hosts music festivals and open-air art and photography shows on Chapultepec Avenue. Guadalajara is one of the three cities -Mexico city & Monterrey- with the many number of contemporary artists in the country;in dance, theater, music, photography, cinema, design, architecture, etc. ; it also has pioneers in the experimental arts. The University Center of Art, Architecture and Design (CUAAD) is one of the academic institutions with the most endorsement and international reputation in the arts, being the University of Guadalajara. University Centre of Art Architecture and Design (Centro Universitario de Arte Arquitectura y Diseño abbreviated as CUAAD, located in Guadalajara, Mexico University of Guadalajara is a public University settled in Guadalajara Jalisco, Mexico. The federal government represents and supports the cultural movement, but the young people are a very important point in the diffusion, creation, support and consumption of the culture in Guadalajara, becoming a whole lifestyle for tapatío young people.

The city is home to several cultural festivals, like the May Cultural Festival, Fiestas de Octubre, Zapopum!, the Guadalajara Municipal Fair Book, Fair of Mariachi and Charreria, Guadalajara Contemporary Dance festival, CHROMA, Fotoseptiembre, Independient Film Festival and international festivals like the Guadalajara International Film Festival, which has helped Mexican cinema to develop a strong international presence over the past 20 years. The Guadalajara International Film Festival is a Film festival based in the Mexican city of Guadalajara, this festival is considered the most prestigious film festival The cinema is supported by industrialists and institutes in the city who have collaborated in the support of several contemporary films. Also, the Guadalajara International Book Fair^[13] is celebrated in November and is considered the most important Spanish-language book fair in the world, and the second most important book fair in the world after the Book Fair of Frankfurt Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Every year, the fair has a special guest, or a country or a region, who goes to this fair to show its culture. The fair also organizes the children's book fair Papirolas.

The city is also host to several dance and ballet companies, like the Chamber Ballet of Jalisco, Folkloric Ballet of the University of Guadalajara, and University of Guadalajara Contemporary Ballet. After concluding the eight years of ballet instruction, many have emigrated to companies like the National Company of Dance, the Ballet of Chicago or the Ballet of Boston.

Contemporary music has been an important factor within the new cultural movement. Guadalajara has many artists and fans of this music genre. The city has been named "Electronic Capital of Mexico" in honor of its representation in Mexico and the world with its practitioners of electronic music, and for being host of the principal electronic music events.

This city has been the cradle and dwelling of distinguished poets, writers, painters, actors, film directors and representatives of the arts, such as: Jose Clemente Orozco, Jesus Reyes Ferrerira, Jose Vizcarra, Doctor Atl (Gerardo Murillo), Roberto Montenegro, Jorge Esquinca, Jose Luis Figueroa, Javier Quintero Oria, Carlos Orozco Romero, Luis Barragán, Jorge González Camarena, Raul Anguiano, Juan Soriano, Alejandro Colunga, Fernanda Guerra, Enrique Guzmán and Javier Campos Cabello and the freeplay guitarist and music composer for the movies El Mariachi and The Legend of Zorro, Paco Renteria; important exponents of Literature such as: Juan Rulfo, Francisco Rojas, Agustín Yañez, Emmanuel Carballo, Jorge Souza, among others; classic repertoire composers like Gonzalo Curiel, José Pablo Moncayo, Antonio Navarro, Ricardo Zohn, Carlos Sánchez-Gutiérrez and Gabriel Pareyon; film directors like Felipe Cazals, Jaime Humberto Hermosillo, Guillermo del Toro and actors like Katy Jurado, Enrique Alvarez Felix and actual exponents like Gael García Bernal and Fernanda Guerra Gaspar de Alba. José Clemente Orozco ( November 23, 1883 &ndash September 7, 1949) was a Mexican social realist painter, who Gerald Murillo ( October 3, 1875 – August 15, 1964) was a Mexican painter and writer who signed his works "Dr Luis Barragán Morfin ( Guadalajara, March 9 1902 - Mexico City, November 22 1988) is considered the most important Juan Soriano (b August 8, 1920 as Juan Rodríguez Montoya d February 10, 2006) was a Mexican painter and Juan Rulfo ( 16 May 1917 &ndash 7 January 1986) was a Mexican Novelist, short story writer and photographer Agustín Yáñez Delgadillo (1904 in Guadalajara, Jalisco – 1980 in Mexico City) was a notable Mexican writer and politician who served as José Pablo Moncayo ( June 29, 1912 – June 16, 1958) was a Mexican pianist percussionist music teacher Composer and Gabriel Pareyon (born October 23 1974, Zapopan, Jalisco) is a Mexican Composer and Musicologist. Felipe Cazals (born July 28, 1937) is a Mexican Film director, Screenwriter and producer born in Guethary, Guillermo del Toro Gómez (born October 9, 1964) is an Academy Award -nominated Mexican filmmaker Katy Jurado ( January 16, 1924 &ndash July 5, 2002) was an Academy Award -nominated Mexican Actress. Gael García Bernal (IPA /ga'el gaɾ'sia beɾ'nal/ born November 30 1978 is a Mexican Actor and director. Cultural tourism is one of the most important economic activities.

At the present time, the construction of a Guggenheim museum with a seat in Guadalajara is being constructed. Its construction has attracted attention from around the world; it and other projects have led to the cultural sector being given a high priority. Guadalajara was the American Capital of Culture for 2005. The Non-governmental organization "American Capital of Culture Organization" selects one city in the Americas annually to serve as the American Capital of

Architecture

The city has a rich variety of architectural styles, ranging from the baroque to the modern. The city's colonial architecture is a product of French and Spanish trends that were current in Europe at the time of Guadalajara's initial settlement. The historic downtown district contains several examples of neoclassical architecture such as the Metropolitan Cathedral, the Degollado theater and surrounding buildings, as well as the large residential houses of the Lafayette district (many of which have since been converted to boutiques or restaurants). The Guadalajara Cathedral, or the Catedral Metropolitana (Metropolitan Cathedral in Guadalajara, Jalisco is a renaissance structure with a gothic interior During Porfirio Diaz's presidency the French style of architecture invaded the city due to the passion of then president Porfirio Dìaz for the currents of French style. Also, Italian architects were the ones in charge to giving form to the gothic structures that rise in the city. The passage of time has shaped the diversity of the city's architecture, from baroque to the churrigueresco, neogothic and neoclassic, to the Art Deco and lines of the postmodernistas.

Guadalajara is formed by 1,500 colonies (city areas); the first area of the city contains mostly houses of 2 levels, with architectural styles from the churrigueresco, baroque and European concepts of the 19th century. The first area of the city contains the centric zones and their environs, like the district of the Sanctuary, Mezquitan, Analco, San Juan de Dios and the Centro area (downtown).

Towards the west of the first area rise the larger houses of the 19th century; these take into account distinguished personalities in the city's history, neoclassic structures, and the large houses of the Porfiriato era. This area includes neighborhoods like Lafayette, Jardines del Bosque, Americana, Moderna, and Arcos de Vallarta, in which their respective expansions correspond to constructions of the 1920s, 1930s, 1940s and 1950s. The Barrio of Jardines del Bosque is located on the western part of the city of Guadalajara Jalisco, Mexico. A second area features the blossoming of the new architectural tendencies of the 1960s and 1970s, and includes the track of colonies like Providencia, Vallarta San Jorge, etc. Between the two is an area of postmodernist architecture, the Art Deco, followed by styles reflecting the architectural legacy of one of the worldwide icons of the Mexican architecture, Luis Barragán, who was born and raised in Guadalajara. Luis Barragán Morfin ( Guadalajara, March 9 1902 - Mexico City, November 22 1988) is considered the most important

The city has many prestigious residential developments and private communities; Puerta de hierro, Colinas de San Javier, Bugambilias City, las Cañadas, el Palomar, Santa Anita, Valle Real, Country Club, etc. thumb|400px|Puerta de Hierro tunel to Andares Puerta de Hierro ("The Iron Door" in English) is one of Guadalajara's wealthiest districts Limits of the city are formed by middle-class colonies and habitational developments constructed like a part of governmental plans. The western part of the city includes the middle class and upper-income neighborhoods and the eastern part the working class areas. The city extends towards the west in neighborhoods like Pine of the Calm, Las Fuentes, La Estancia, Colli Urbano, annexing its metropolitan zone to the municipality of Tlajomulco de Zuñiga. It is anticipated that approximately five hundred more colonies in the ZMG will be created by the year 2010.

Cuisine

Guadalajara has many traditional dishes, such as pozole, tamales, sopes, enchiladas, tacos, Valentina Chicken, and a variety of "Mexican Antojitos". Pozole (from Spanish pozole, from Nahuatl potzolli; variant spellings posole, pozolé, pozolli) is a traditional A tamale ( Spanish tamal, from Nahuatl tamalli) is a traditional indigenous American food consisting of steam-cooked corn A sope (pronounced "SOH-peh" is a traditional Mexican dish originating in the city of Culiacán Sinaloa. Not to be confused with Enceladus. An enchilada ( is a corn Tortilla rolled around a filling and covered with a chili A taco ( is a traditional Mexican dish composed of a Maize or wheat Tortilla folded or rolled around a filling Another common dish is ""Tortas Ahogadas" & Carne en su Jugo", which is a part of tapatío culture. Guadalajara has a large variety of restaurants, from American restaurant franchises to more traditional Mexican fare. The Vallarta and Colonia Americana neighborhoods are known for their restaurants and nightclubs situated in former mansions from the 1940s.

Sports

Football is the most popular recreational sport in the city of Guadalajara. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered There are three major football clubs; Club Deportivo Guadalajara, CF Atlas and UAG Tecos. Club Deportivo Guadalajara SA de CV, commonly known as Las Chivas ( The Goats) is a Mexican Association football team based in Guadalajara FC Atlas AC is a Mexican professional football club Atlas is one of three teams that play in Mexico 's second important city Guadalajara, along with Atlas and Guadalajara share the Estadio Jalisco, while Estadio Tres de Marzo in Zapopan is the home of the UAG Tecos. Estadio Jalisco (Jalisco Stadium is a Stadium used primarily for football events The Estadio Tres de Marzo is a stadium with a capacity of 30015 people and is built within the campus of the Universidad Autonoma de Guadalajara in the city of Zapopan

Another popular sport is Charreada or charreria, which is the typical sport, and is recognized nationwide as one of the national sports in Mexico. The charreada is a style of Rodeo developed by people in Mexico interested in keeping the traditions of the Charro ( charrería) alive

The people of the city also practice golf, tennis, volleyball, basketball and many other sports and disciplines. The state of Jalisco, where the city is located, is the National Olympic Games champion, winning the national championship 6 consecutive times in all disciplines. The main training center, the CODE complex, is in the city of Guadalajara.

The city also holds the National championship in basketball, American football and ice hockey. The city will host the 2011 Pan American Games. The 16th Pan American Games are to take place in October 2011 in Guadalajara, Mexico.

Guadalajara is the home of Lorena Ochoa, ranked no. Childhood and amateur career Ochoa grew up next door to the Guadalajara Country Club and took up golf at the age of five 1 female golfer in the world since 2007 by the LPGA. The LPGA, in full the Ladies Professional Golf Association, is an American organization for female professional Golfers The organization whose headquarters are The city is also home to Miranda Mermaid, the no. 1 Woman for Whitey Super Hot Rossito.

1992 explosion

Main article: 1992 explosion in Guadalajara

Guadalajara is also known for the great disaster of April 22 at 10:12am, 1992, which took place in the downtown district of Analco. The 1992 explosion in Guadalajara, Mexico 's second largest city took place on April 22, 1992 in the downtown district of Analco Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Numerous explosions originated in the sewer system, which was inexplicably saturated with gasoline fumes and gasoline. During a period of four hours, several explosions destroyed kilometers of streets. In particular, Gante Street was severely damaged. The force of the explosion was such that some newspaper pictures showed a bus on top a two-storied building's rooftop. Officially, 206 people were killed, nearly 500 injured and 15,000 were left homeless. The affected area can be recognized by the more modern architecture, in stark contrast with the surrounding area's much older buildings. To date, Pemex, the state-owned oil company, has not accepted any responsibility for the enormous amount of gasoline found in the sewage system, although it has agreed to create a fund to compensate the families affected by this catastrophe. Petróleos Mexicanos ( PEMEX) is Mexico 's state-owned Petroleum company Sewage is the mainly liquid Waste containing some solids produced by humans which typically consists of washing water Feces, Urine, laundry waste and other

Sister cities

Alajuela, Costa Rica Albuquerque, United States Caracas, Venezuela Cebu, Philippines Cigales, Spain Cleveland, United States Curitiba, Brazil Daejeon, South Korea Downey, United States Guadalajara, Spain Hagåtña, Guam Kansas City, United States Kingston, Jamaica Krakow, Poland Kyoto, Japan Lansing, United States Lima, Peru

Magdalena de Kino, Mexico Malabo, Equatorial Guinea Milan, Italy Nochistlán, Mexico Oñati, Spain Panama City, Panama Portland, United States St. Louis, United States San Antonio, United States San José, Costa Rica San Salvador, El Salvador Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic Seville, Spain Tegucigalpa, Honduras Tucson, United States Wroclaw, Poland Xiamen, PRC[14]

See also

• Panteón de Belén
• Hospicio Cabañas - a World Heritage Site in Guadalajara
• Nuño Guzmán de Beltran, founder of Guadalajara
• List of Latin American artists
• Puerta de hierro - exclusive zone in Guadalajara

References

External links

• H. Ayuntamiento de Guadalajara

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