Zork games
Enchanter trilogy
Other games
Wishbringer • Return to Zork
Zork: Nemesis • Zork Grand Inquisitor
Zork: The Undiscovered Underground
Companies
Miscellaneous
A grue is a fictional predator from the Zork series of interactive fiction games by Infocom. Zork was one of the first Interactive fiction Computer games and an early descendant of Colossal Cave Adventure. Zork I The Great Underground Empire is an Interactive fiction Computer game written by Marc Blank, Dave Lebling, Bruce Daniels Zork II The Wizard of Frobozz is an Interactive fiction Computer game published by Infocom in 1981. Zork III The Dungeon Master is an Interactive fiction Computer game written by Marc Blank, Dave Lebling, Bruce Daniels Beyond Zork (full title Beyond Zork The Coconut of Quendor) was an Interactive fiction Computer game written by Brian Moriarty and Zork Zero The Revenge of Megaboz is an Interactive fiction Computer game, written by Steve Meretzky and published by Infocom in Spellbreaker is an Interactive fiction Computer game written by Dave Lebling and released by Infocom in 1985, the third Wishbringer The Magick Stone of Dreams is an Interactive fiction Computer game written by Brian Moriarty and published by Infocom Return to Zork is a 1993 Adventure game in the Zork series for the PC and Apple Macintosh. Zork The Undiscovered Underground (or ZUU for short is an Interactive fiction Computer game written by former Infocom Implementors Infocom was a Software company, based in Cambridge Massachusetts, that produced numerous works of Interactive fiction. Activision Inc is an American Video game developer and publisher. FrobozzCo International is a fictional monopolous conglomerate from the Infocom text adventure Zork universe The Z-machine is a Virtual machine that was developed by Joel Berez and Marc Blank in 1979 and used by Infocom for its text adventure games AFGNCAAP (pronounced Afghan-cap or Afghan-cop is a satirically politically correct Initialism for " Ageless Faceless Gender-Neutral Culturally-Ambiguous The Zork books were a series of four books written by S Eric Meretzky, which took place in the Fictional universe of Zork. Zork was one of the first Interactive fiction Computer games and an early descendant of Colossal Cave Adventure. Infocom was a Software company, based in Cambridge Massachusetts, that produced numerous works of Interactive fiction. The word grue was first used in modern times as a fictional predator from Jack Vance's Dying Earth universe. Fiction is the telling of stories which are not real More specifically fiction is an imaginative form of Narrative, one of the four basic Rhetorical modes. John Holbrook Vance (born August 28, 1916 in San Francisco, The Dying Earth is a series of Fantasy Fixups (novels created from older short stories by American author Jack Vance. Vance probably took the name from an archaic/dialectal English verb derived from a Scandinavian word meaning to feel horror, shudder (OED), now most commonly encountered in the word "gruesome". In Language, an archaism is the use of a form of speech or writing that is no longer current A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος dialektos) is a variety of a Language that is characteristic of a particular group of English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The North Germanic languages or Scandinavian languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages, a sub-family of the Indo-European languages
Dave Lebling introduced a similar monster, whose name was borrowed from Vance's grues, into the interactive fiction computer game Zork. P David Lebling (born 1949 was an Interactive fiction Game designer, or Implementor, at Infocom. A personal computer Game (also known as a computer game or simply PC game) is a Video game played on a Personal computer, rather Zork's grues fear light and are ravenous devourers of adventurers, making it impossible to explore the game's dark areas without a light source. An adventurer or adventuress is a term that usually takes one of three meanings One whose travels are unusual and often exotic though not so unique as to qualify
Due to Zork's prominent position in hacker history and lore, its grues have served as models for monsters in many subsequent games, such as roguelike games and MUDs. A roguelike is a member of the role-playing video game genre that borrows its name and gameplay elements from the 1980 computer game In computer gaming, a MUD ( Multi-User Dungeon, Domain or Dimension) is a multi-player computer game that combines elements of
Contents |
Origin
The first mention of grues in the Zork games is the following ominous line:
- It is pitch black. Zork was one of the first Interactive fiction Computer games and an early descendant of Colossal Cave Adventure. You are likely to be eaten by a grue.
Further investigation will reveal more about their nature:
- > what is a grue?
- The grue is a sinister, lurking presence in the dark places of the earth. Its favorite diet is adventurers, but its insatiable appetite is tempered by its fear of light. No grue has ever been seen by the light of day, and few have survived its fearsome jaws to tell the tale.
This warning is not to be taken lightly. If the player attempts to continue moving through a dark place rather than returning to a lit area or activating a light source, there is a high probability he will be caught and eaten by a grue. Originally, grues were not a threat as long as one remained still and didn't leave one's location, but in later games it has been possible, in certain situations, to be eaten by a grue simply by waiting around in the dark.
Grues were invented to limit players' options when faced with unlit areas. Without them, a player might attempt to blunder about in the darkness, perhaps (for example) to reach a lighted area beyond a dark passage. The presence of grues ensures that such tactics will fail, and forces players to solve any light-related puzzles first. For comparison, Zork's predecessor, Adventure, used pits to achieve the same result. Colossal Cave Adventure (also known as ADVENT, Colossal Cave, or Adventure) (Crowther 1976 Crowther An adventurer who attempted to move about in darkness in that game had a high chance of falling down a pit and dying.
This made sense in Adventure's environment, which took place entirely inside a natural cave with all of a cave's many nooks and crannies. However, when the original Zork mainframe game adopted this practice by killing players with "bottomless pits", it was quickly pointed out that these pits appeared to exist in unlikely places such as the attic of a house, with no evidence of holes in the ceiling in the room directly below.
Dave Lebling quickly invented the concept of a wandering, light-fearing monster that would be a plausible replacement for the immobile bottomless pits, and, taking the name from Vance's work as having the right connotations, introduced grues in the next version of Zork. P David Lebling (born 1949 was an Interactive fiction Game designer, or Implementor, at Infocom. The version update document made a humorous reference to the "dungeon maintainers" painstakingly filling up the bottomless pits and restocking the dungeon with grues. Years later, the Zork prequel game, Zork Zero, would feature the protagonist doing exactly that — forced to use a magic device to seal up the realm's bottomless pits that are blocking his path, he unwittingly forces out the myriad colonies of grues that have been nesting there, leaving them to wander the underground caverns searching for food. Zork Zero The Revenge of Megaboz is an Interactive fiction Computer game, written by Steve Meretzky and published by Infocom in
Zork lore
Grues have been featured in each of the Zork games (with the possible exception of Enchanter) and many other of Infocom's games, becoming a company trademark or in-joke, often referred to with the stock phrases of "slavering fangs", "razor-sharp claws" and "horrible gurgling noises". An in-joke (also known as an in joke or inside joke) is a Joke whose Humor is clear only to those people who are "inside" a social The science fiction title Starcross reuses both the "You are likely to be eaten by a grue" line and the grue's description, replacing the word "adventurer" with the current job title of the protagonist. Additionally, Planetfall makes reference to grues having been unwittingly taken from their home planet (which is implied to be the world on which Zork takes place) and introduced to Earth by the alien ship in Starcross, then subsequently spread around the galaxy alongside man and become a universal pest for human civilizations. The term crops up as an in-joke in other contexts as well, such as a racehorse named "Lurking Grue" in the modern-day murder mystery Suspect.
Much is made of the idea that grues have such an aversion to light that no one has ever seen one and it is impossible to gain a firsthand physical description of one and that, conversely, grues are such formidable predators that light is the only possible means of avoiding them. Neither of these ideas held absolutely true throughout the entire Infocom line of games. For instance, the game Sorcerer, which provided a wide variety of humorous responses to creative uses of magic spells, allowed the player to cast the Frotz spell on a grue, causing a "horrible, multi-fanged creature" from just outside the range of vision to run through the room "gurgling in agony and tearing at its fur". For Frotz the Z-machine implementation see Z-machine#Frotz. Frotz was a verb in MIT Slang, meaning "to play with" The game similarly provided a potion that granted the ability to see in darkness as a trap for players who forgot that the main purpose of a light source in the Zork games is not to preserve one's own vision but to repel grues; taking the night vision potion and turning off one's light source results in the almost immediate sight of, and subsequent devouring by, a grue. Near the end of the game, it is revealed that the main villain's plot for conquering the world involves manufacturing an army of light-resistant grues using a conveniently provided Frobozz Magic Company device.
As time went on the games became increasingly bold in their treatment of grues — Wishbringer allows the player to stumble upon a baby grue and get a good look at it before its parents return (described as a "horrid little beast with red eyes and slavering fangs"). Wishbringer The Magick Stone of Dreams is an Interactive fiction Computer game written by Brian Moriarty and published by Infocom (Zork: The Undiscovered Underground, a freeware game that was released 12 years later, incorrectly states that the character in that game is the first person to see a grue. Zork The Undiscovered Underground (or ZUU for short is an Interactive fiction Computer game written by former Infocom Implementors ) Spellbreaker, which had the player traveling through magical planes that represented various elements and principles, had the plane of darkness almost entirely populated by grues and forced the player to survive by using magic to take the form of one of the beasts. Spellbreaker is an Interactive fiction Computer game written by Dave Lebling and released by Infocom in 1985, the third In Metaphysics and Esoteric cosmology, a plane, other than the Physical plane, is conceived as a subtle state of Consciousness that transcends Many ancient philosophies used a set of archetypal classical "elements" to explain patterns in Nature. For the term in chemistry see Principle (chemistry. Not to be confused with Principal.
One of the repeated references in Zork's backstory was to the ancient king Entharion the Wise and the legendary blade Grueslayer, which he used to directly fight grues in combat; this feat would not be repeated until the interactive fiction/RPG hybrid Beyond Zork, which allows a player who has advanced sufficiently in level and acquired certain items to boldly walk into the dark and kill grues that attack. A role-playing game ( RPG; often roleplaying game) is a Game in which the participants assume the roles of Fictional characters. Beyond Zork (full title Beyond Zork The Coconut of Quendor) was an Interactive fiction Computer game written by Brian Moriarty and (This feat required the acquisition of the Pheehelm, a device that boosted the player's intelligence and allowed him or her to sense the grues' movements telepathically without seeing them. ) It also introduced as its primary villain the Ur-Grue, an evil god of darkness who ruled over the world's grues. Finally, the modern-day game Zork: The Undiscovered Underground created as a promotion for Zork Grand Inquisitor featured an extended reference to a line in Zork III about "a whole convention of grues" in a certain location, by having the player infiltrate a literal grue convention, complete with lectures, entertainment and souvenirs.
That game was the first to give a detailed description of how grues looked, having the player disguise himself as a grue after seeing one and noting that it had a "fish-mouthed head, razor-sharp claws and glowing fur all over". (The reference to light-hating grues themselves glowing appears to be a mistaken interpretation of Sorcerer describing a grue glowing after a light spell has been cast on it -- although Spellbreaker does mention that grues' eyes give off a very small amount of light that lets them navigate in darkness. ) However, an actual illustration of a grue had been seen previously, although in an obscure source -- one of Steve Meretzky's Zork gamebooks purposely included a section where the protagonists see a grue face-to-face before being eaten by it, presumably as a way to make the book attractive to Zork fans. Steven Eric Meretzky (born May 1, 1957) is an American computer game designer with dozens of titles to his credit A gamebook is a Book that allows the reader to participate in the story by making choices that affect the course of the narrative which branches down various paths through the Presumably these are not the only instances in the Zork games when grues have been seen — one event in Sorcerer has the player finding a Frobozz Magic Company "anti-grue kit" (admittedly a secret, experimental prototype) that contains a grue costume, with which the player can don and travel among grues unharmed. FrobozzCo International is a fictional monopolous conglomerate from the Infocom text adventure Zork universe (The player in Zork: The Undiscovered Underground replicates this feat, albeit imperfectly. )
This is part of the running gag of a series of mostly failed attempts to find some sort of alternate means of protection against grues in the event one's light source fails, most famously in Zork II where a can of Frobozz Magic Grue Repellent was included as a red herring — useless, since it would only last for one game turn after one's light source expired, during which the player couldn't see his location anyway.
The actual reason light acts as such a potent Achilles' heel for grues is inconsistently given — some games imply that grues find levels of light ordinary for humans to be intolerably, blindingly painful but can nonetheless survive it (such as in Planetfall, where an obviously grue-like creature exists in a lit laboratory, "squinting and cursing at the light"). This article deals with the phrase For other uses see Achilles Heel. Zork: The Undiscovered Underground goes to the other extreme, having a grue caught in the light spontaneously combust on the spot. Spontaneous combustion is a type of Combustion which occurs without an external ignition source This latter explanation seems closer to the canon established by the main Infocom game series, since in Spellbreaker, if the player is shapeshifted into a grue and remains in a lit area for too long the light eventually kills him (and it is implied that the amount of light to which he is exposed is so faint as to be invisible to human eyes).
The question of how grues are able to survive undetected at all without being trapped in a dead end by a wandering human with a lantern has often been debated by fans, attributed either to their ability to squeeze through tunnels humans can't see or to use something akin to Dungeons & Dragons' "shadow jump" ability. Dungeons & Dragons (abbreviated as D&D or DnD) is a Fantasy Role-playing game (RPG originally designed by
The modern graphical adventure games in the Zork series continue references to grues, with gurgling and growling grue sound effects audible in most shadowy or gloomy places and many points at which players can meet a gruesome death by wandering without light. An adventure game is a type of Video game characterized by investigation exploration puzzle-solving, interaction with game characters and a focus on Narrative A possible parody of the concept appeared in one puzzle in Return To Zork, in which the player was in danger of being killed by a grue after turning the light off in their own bedroom in a hotel; the only solution is to place a piece of lightly glowing, magical rock on the nightstand, providing just enough light to ward off grues while still making it possible to sleep. Return to Zork is a 1993 Adventure game in the Zork series for the PC and Apple Macintosh. The in-jokes continue as well, with Zork Nemesis continuing a running gag about failed attempts to capture or domesticate grues by including in a library a book, "Interview with a Grue", that sported an illustration captioned "The Grue In Its Natural Habitat" (a blank black square). Zork Grand Inquisitor added to grue trivia the idea of the game "Grue, Fire, Water", a variant of Rock, Paper, Scissors wherein "Grue drinks water, water douses fire, and fire scares grue. Rock-paper-scissors (also known as scissors-paper-stone, Jan-ken-pon, rochambeau (sometimes spelled roshambo) "
Other references
Grues are a common reference in hacker culture or among computer-savvy people. They have cropped up in other fantasy realms, though rarely, as they are seen as being strongly attached to the Zork universe, Infocom and the medium of interactive fiction in general. For this reason many modern interactive fiction works make extensive in-jokes referencing grues; most memorable was a parody work called Enlightenment, which takes place in a Zork-like universe where the protagonist has overloaded himself with an abundance of light sources—suddenly finding himself in need of help from grues to defeat a troll, he is forced to find a way to extinguish them all. A troll is a fearsome member of a race of creatures from Norse mythology.
Grues make an appearance in the Dungeons & Dragons RPG, appearing as a species of intelligent, evil elementals from the Inner Planes, presented as an alternative to the usual neutral, nonsentient summonable elementals of D&D. Dungeons & Dragons (abbreviated as D&D or DnD) is a Fantasy Role-playing game (RPG originally designed by A role-playing game ( RPG; often roleplaying game) is a Game in which the participants assume the roles of Fictional characters. An elemental is a mythological being first appearing in the alchemical works of Paracelsus. The Inner Planes are the innermost planes of existence in the standard cosmology of the Dungeons & Dragons Role-playing game. Aside from a reference to their being "born in places of darkness" on the Inner Planes and a general sense of shapeless menace, they have very little in common with their Infocom namesakes, despite having been introduced soon after the first Zork games and presumably having been inspired by them. Grues also appear in the third edition of the RuneQuest RPG, in the book Gloranthan Bestiary, being the name given to a type of monster clearly based on the alien parasite from the movie Alien, which also hunted in darkness. RuneQuest is a Fantasy Role-playing game first published in 1978 by Chaosium, created by Steve Perrin based on the mythical world Alien is a 1979 science fiction / Horror film directed by Ridley Scott and starring Sigourney Weaver. The same creature also existed in the Gateway Bestiary, written for the second edition of the game, but was not at that time given the name "Grue".
Grues show up repeatedly in the roguelike game Ancient Domains of Mystery; originally only existing as an in-joke, "You are likely to be eaten by a grue" being one of the stock phrases one can encounter while traveling through the dark, eventually the classic Zork "lurking grue" was added to the game. A roguelike is a member of the role-playing video game genre that borrows its name and gameplay elements from the 1980 computer game Ancient Domains of Mystery, or ADOM, is a Roguelike game by Thomas Biskup first released in 1994. Present in the dungeons but very rare, someone who is suffering under a serious bad-luck curse ("doomed") has a chance of being "eaten by a grue" at any time while moving through the dark. Grues were also introduced as actual, very high-level monsters one could fight, in the style of the D&D grues.
See also
External links
- Jargon File entry on grue
- HTML-based Zork online (complete). Meet a grue.
- Lyrics to MC Frontalot song "It Is Pitch Dark"
- Video for MC Frontalot song "It Is Pitch Dark"
- XKCD parody "pwned"
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