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Group II catalytic introns are found in rRNA, tRNA and mRNA of organelles in fungi, plants and protists, and also in mRNA in bacteria. Nucleotides are Organic compounds that consist of three joined structures a nitrogenous base a Sugar, and a Phosphate group Ribosomal RNA ( rRNA) is the central component of the Ribosome, the protein manufacturing machinery of all living cells. Transfer RNA (abbreviated tRNA) is a small RNA (usually about 74-95 nucleotides that transfers a specific Amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain at Messenger ribonucleic acid ( mRNA) is a molecule of RNA encoding a chemical "blueprint" for a Protein product In Cell biology, an organelle (pronunciation /ɔː(rgəˡnɛl/ is a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function and is usually separately enclosed A fungus (ˈfʌŋgəs is a eukaryotic Organism that is a member of the kingdom Fungi (ˈfʌndʒaɪ Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. Protists (ˈproʊtɨst are a diverse group of eukaryotic Microorganisms Historically protists were treated as the kingdom Protista but this The Bacteria ( singular: bacterium) are a large group of unicellular Microorganisms Typically a few Micrometres in length bacteria have They are large self-splicing ribozymes and have 6 structural domains (usually designated dI to dVI). A ribozyme (from ribo nucleic acid en' zyme', also called RNA Enzyme or catalytic RNA is an RNA Molecule that catalyzes A protein domain is a part of protein sequence and structure that can evolve, function and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain This model and alignment represents only domains V and VI. A subset of group II introns also encode essential splicing proteins in intronic ORFs. Introns, derived from the term "intragenic regions" and also called intervening sequence (IVS are DNA regions in a Gene that are not translated into The length of these introns can therefore be up to 3kb. Splicing occurs in almost identical fashion to nuclear pre-mRNA splicing with two transesterification steps. The 2' hydroxyl of a bulged adenosine in domain VI attacks the 5' splice site, followed by nucleophilic attack on the 3' splice site by the 3' OH of the upstream exon. Adenosine is a Nucleoside composed of a Molecule of Adenine attached to a Ribose sugar molecule ( Ribofuranose) moiety via a β-N9- In Chemistry, a nucleophile (literally nucleus lover as in nucleus and phile) is a Reagent that forms a Chemical bond to An exon is a Nucleic acid sequence that is represented in the mature form of an RNA molecule after a portions of a precursor RNA Introns have been Protein machinery is required for splicing in vivo, and long range intron-intron and intron-exon interactions are important for splice site positioning. In vivo ( Latin: within the living means that which takes place inside an organism. Group II introns are further sub-classified into groups IIA and IIB which differ in splice site consensus, distance of bulged A from 3' splice site, some tertiary interactions, and intronic ORF phylogeny [1].
References
- [1] Bonen, L; Vogel J (2001). "The ins and outs of group II introns". Trends Genet 17: 322–331. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 11377794.
- [2] Chu, VT; Adamidi C, Liu Q, Perlman PS, Pyle AM (2001). "Control of branch-site choice by a group II intron". EMBO J 20: 6866–6876. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 11726522.
- [3] Lehmann, K; Schmidt U (2003). "Group II introns: structure and catalytic versatility of large natural ribozymes". Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 38: 249–303. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 12870716.
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