| Group | 12 |
|---|---|
| Period | |
| 4 | 30 Zn |
| 5 | 48 Cd |
| 6 | 80 Hg |
| 7 | 112 Uub |
A group 12 element is one in the series of elements in group 12 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table, consisting of transition metals which are zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and ununbium (Uub). In Chemistry a group, also known as a family, is a vertical column in the Periodic table of the Chemical elements There are 18 groups in In the Periodic table of the elements, a period is a horizontal row of the table A period 4 element is one of the Chemical elements in the fourth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. Zinc (ˈzɪŋk from Zink is a Metallic Chemical element with the symbol Zn and Atomic number 30 A period 5 element is one of the Chemical elements in the fifth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. Cadmium (ˈkædmiəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Cd and Atomic number 48 A period 6 element is one of the Chemical elements in the sixth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements, including the Lanthanides Mercury (ˈmɜrkjʊri also called quicksilver or hydrargyrum, is a Chemical element with the symbol Hg ( Latinized hydrargyrum A period 7 element is one of the Chemical elements in the seventh row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. In Chemistry a group, also known as a family, is a vertical column in the Periodic table of the Chemical elements There are 18 groups in A chemical element is a type of Atom that is distinguished by its Atomic number; that is by the number of Protons in its nucleus. In Chemistry a group, also known as a family, is a vertical column in the Periodic table of the Chemical elements There are 18 groups in The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC) (aɪjuːpæk or ay-yoo-pec) is an international Non-governmental organization The periodic table of the chemical elements is a tabular method of displaying the Chemical elements Although precursors to this table exist its invention is In Chemistry, the term transition metal (sometimes also called a transition element) has two possible meanings It commonly refers to any element in Zinc (ˈzɪŋk from Zink is a Metallic Chemical element with the symbol Zn and Atomic number 30 Cadmium (ˈkædmiəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Cd and Atomic number 48 Mercury (ˈmɜrkjʊri also called quicksilver or hydrargyrum, is a Chemical element with the symbol Hg ( Latinized hydrargyrum When compared with other groups of transitional metals, this group of elements has both relatively low melting points and boiling points, and both decrease down the group; the most obvious example is mercury, which is in liquid state under normal room temperature. The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the Vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid Mercury (ˈmɜrkjʊri also called quicksilver or hydrargyrum, is a Chemical element with the symbol Hg ( Latinized hydrargyrum Room temperature (also referred to as ambient temperature) is a common term to denote a certain Temperature within enclosed space at which humans are accustomed
| Explanation of right side periodic table slice: | Transition metals | atomic number in blue are liquids | atomic number in black are solids | solid borders are older than the Earth (Primordial elements) | dotted borders are made artificially (Synthetic elements) |
The reason for this group having a liquid metal (mercury) and other low-melting elements has partly to do with the electron configuration of mercury, and also with relativistic effects [1]. In Chemistry, the term transition metal (sometimes also called a transition element) has two possible meanings It commonly refers to any element in EARTH was a short-lived Japanese vocal trio which released 6 singles and 1 album between 2000 and 2001 In chemistry the Chemical elements labeled as synthetic are too unstable to be found naturally on Earth. In Atomic physics and Quantum chemistry, electron configuration is the arrangement of Electrons in an Atom, Molecule, or other Mercury (ˈmɜrkjʊri also called quicksilver or hydrargyrum, is a Chemical element with the symbol Hg ( Latinized hydrargyrum This page is about the scientific concept of relativity for philosophical or sociological theories about relativity see Relativism. The electron configuration of mercury is [Kr] 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2. The last shell labeled 6s is completely full, and is noticeably closer to the nucleus than what would be expected if relativistic effects were not taken into account. An electron shell may be crudely thought of as an Orbit followed by Electrons around an Atom nucleus. The nucleus of an Atom is the very dense region consisting of Nucleons ( Protons and Neutrons, at the center of an atom The positive charge of the nucleus is so high that some of the electrons in the atoms are moving very fast—fast (for the sake of argument considering electrons as particles not as waves) enough that special relativity has to be taken into account in predicting their movement. Special relativity (SR (also known as the special theory of relativity or STR) is the Physical theory of Measurement in Inertial Their mass increases and the size and energies of the s-orbital decreases as a function of velocity.
The combination of these two factors results in a rather tightly bound outer shell of electrons for mercury. Hence, mercury cannot form particularly strong metal-metal bonds. The result is an element which is liquid at room temperature. In fact because of its inert outer electrons mercury vapor behaves like a noble gas and has been called pseudohelium. History Noble gas is translated from the German noun de ''Edelgas'' first used in 1898 by Hugo Erdmann to indicate their extremely low level of reactivity This is in contrast with gold and thallium, which are beside mercury on the periodic table but are solids.
Group 12 elements are also relatively resistant to corrosion, and can be used to cover baser metals like iron galvanizing (using zinc) or electroplating (using cadmium).
References
- ^ World Records in Chemistry Hans-Jürgen Quadbeck-Seeger (Editor), Rüdiger Faust, Günter Knaus, Ulrich Siemeling 1999 ISBN 3-527-29574-7
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