Groschen (Latin: Grossus, German: Groschen, Italian: grossone, Czech: groš, Polish: grosz, Hungarian: garas, Romanian: gros, Russian: грош) was the (sometimes colloquial) name for a coin used in various German-speaking states as well as some non-German-speaking countries of Central Europe (Bohemia, Poland), the Romanian principalities. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Czech (ˈʧɛk čeština ˈʧɛʃcɪna in Czech is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers it is the majority language in the Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. Hungarian ( magyar nyelv) is a Uralic language (more specifically a Ugric language) unrelated to most other languages in Europe. Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages main - title Coin keywords numismatics coin review The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Romanian Principalities is a historical term designating the pre-modern principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia, which alongside Transylvania form The name, like that of the English groat, derives from the Italian denaro grosso, or large penny, via the Bohemian form groš. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. A penny (pl pence or pennies) is a Coin or a unit of Currency used in several English -speaking countries Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the [1] The Qirsh (also "Gersh", "Grush","Γρόσι" and "Kuruş"), Arabic, Ethiopian, Hebrew, Greek and Turkish names for currency denominations in and around the territories formerly part of the Ottoman Empire, are derived from the same Italian origin. Qirsh, Gersh, Grush, Kuruş and Grosi are all names for currency denominations in and around the territories formerly part of the Ottoman Kuruş (derived from the German Groschen; Ottoman Turkish: غروش gurûş) is a Turkish currency subunit Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Ethiopian Semitic (also known as Ethiopian Ethiosemitic Ethiopic is a language group which together with Old South Arabian forms the Western branch of the South Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish
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History
Names like Groschen, grossus/grossi, grossone, Grosz, Gros, Groš, Garas etc. were used in the Middle Ages for all thick silver coins, as opposed to thin silver coins such as deniers or pennies. Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen main - title Coin keywords numismatics coin review A penny (pl pence or pennies) is a Coin or a unit of Currency used in several English -speaking countries Historically it was equal to between several and a dozen denarii. The Roman Currency system included the denarius (plural denarii) after 211 BC a small Silver coin,
The type was introduced in 1271 by Duke Meinhard II of Tyrol in Merano. Meinhard II (c 1238 - end of October 1295 was Count of Tirol, Duke of Carinthia and Carniola, and Count of Gorizia (as Meinhard Tyrol is a region in Western Central Europe, which included the present day Austrian state of Tyrol (consisting of North Tyrol and East Merano ( Italian, now most common in English German: Meran, also used in English Ladin: Meran; Archaic (857 AD Mairania The 1286 example depicted here weighs 1,45 g, it is marked with ME IN AR DVS and a Double Cross (Obverse), and with DUX TIROL and the Eagle of Tirol (Reverse)
The name derives either from the crossus (double cross), or from grossus denarius turnosus (gross denier of Tours, gros tournois). G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː Double cross is a phrase meaning to betray Origin The phrase originates from the use of the word cross in the sense of Foul play; deliberate collusion Tyrol is a region in Western Central Europe, which included the present day Austrian state of Tyrol (consisting of North Tyrol and East The denier was a French Coin created by Charlemagne in the Early Middle Ages. Tours is a city in France the Préfecture (capital city of the Indre-et-Loire département, on the lower reaches of the river
It was minted since the Middle Ages in the following areas:
- Tyrol (since 1271)
- England (since 1279 [1])
- Bohemia (since 1300, the Prager Groschen, later adopted by most of the Central European countries)
- Poland (since 1367, the Krakau Groschen, 3,2 grammes of silver, an equivalent of 12 denarius)
Later the tradition of Groschen was dropped in most states while others continued to mint only coins smaller than the original coin. Tyrol is a region in Western Central Europe, which included the present day Austrian state of Tyrol (consisting of North Tyrol and East Edward I (17 June 1239 – 7 July 1307 popularly known as Longshanks, was a King of England who achieved historical fame by conquering large parts of Wales and almost Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the The Prague groschen (pražský groš grossi pragenses Prager Groschen Grosz praski was a Groschen -type Silver Coin that became very common throughout Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The grossi cracovienses (grossus cracoviensis (sing grossi cracovienses (pl The Roman Currency system included the denarius (plural denarii) after 211 BC a small Silver coin, In Poland for example, since 1526 these included coins of 1/2 grosz, 1 grosz, 1,5 grosz, 2 grosz, 3 grosz, 4 grosz and 6 grosz. Their weight gradually dropped to 1,8 grammes of silver and since 1752 they were replaced by copper coins of the same name. Year 1752 ( MDCCLII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar for European countries but not Great Britain) of
In recent times, the name was used by two currencies in circulation:
- In Poland a grosz (plural: grosze, depending on the number) is a 1/100 part of a Złoty
- In Austria a Groschen (plural: Groschen) was a 1/100 part of a Schilling (1924-1938 and 1945-2001)
Likewise, in Germany Groschen remained a slang term for the 10 Pfennig coin, thus a 1/10 part both of the (West German) Deutsche Mark and the East German Mark. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The złoty (/ˈzwɔtɨ/, plural for numbers ending in 2 3 and 4 (except 12 13 and 14 złote /ˈzwɔtɛ/ plural for all other numbers złotych /ˈzwɔtɨx/ Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Pfennig (abbreviation Pf) is an old German coin or note which existed from the 9th century until the introduction of the Euro The East German mark (Mark der DDR commonly called the eastern mark ( Ostmark in West Germany and after the reunification) in East Germany only The word has lost popularity with the introduction of the Euro, although it can still be heard on occasion, especially from older people. Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e
In Western Ukraine, grosh is still a slang term for the kopiyka, a 1/100 part of a Hryvnia. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Slang is the use of highly informal Words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speaker's Dialect or Language. The hryvnia, sometimes hryvnya or (incorrectly hryvna or hrivna (гривня ˈɦrɪu̯nʲɑ sign: ₴, code: The hryvnia, sometimes hryvnya or (incorrectly hryvna or hrivna (гривня ˈɦrɪu̯nʲɑ sign: ₴, code: The Ukrainian word for money, hroshi, ultimately derives from this term also.
In Bulgaria, the grosh (Cyrillic: грош) was used as a currency until the lev was introduced in the 19th century. The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by The lev (лев plural bg лева левове / ''leva levove'' is the Currency of Bulgaria. The term has been retained as a general word for a coin or currency in a number of money-related proverbs and sayings, and can also be regularly encountered in folk tales or stories set vaguely in the past.
In Israel 'Grush' (Plural 'Grushim') is used as slang for a small cost ("pennies"). For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. This usage comes from the Yiddish used by Israel's Ashkenazi population, ultimately deriving from its German and Eastern European origins. Yiddish (yi [[wiktייִדיש ייִדיש]] yidish or yi [[wiktאידיש אידיש]] idish, literally "Jewish" is a nonterritorial High Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim ( Hebrew: אַשְׁכֲּנָזִים, ˌaʃkəˈnazim sing
Germany
In Germany, the name Groschen (both singular and plural) replaced Schilling as the common name for a 12 Pfennig coin. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Pfennig (abbreviation Pf) is an old German coin or note which existed from the 9th century until the introduction of the Euro In the 18th Century it was used predominantly in the northern states as a coin worth 1/24 of a Reichsthaler (equal to 1/32 of a Conventionsthaler). The Reichsthaler was a standard Thaler of the Holy Roman Empire, established in 1566 by the Leipzig convention The Conventionstaler was a standard Silver coin of the Holy Roman Empire. In the 19th century, beginning in 1821 in Prussia, a new currency system was introduced in which the Groschen (often called the Silbergroschen or Neugroschen to distinguish it from older Groschen) was worth 1/30 of a Thaler (Taler). Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is The Thaler (or Taler or Tolar) was a Silver Coin used throughout Europe for almost four hundred Years Its name lives on Following German unification and decimalization, the Groschen was replaced by the 10 Pfennig coin and Groschen remained a nickname for the 10 Pfennig coin until the introduction of the Euro. Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e
Austria
Austria introduced the Groschen in 1924 as the subdivision of the Schilling. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich It was restored, along with the Schilling, in 1945 and continued in use until the introduction of the euro in 2002. Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e
See also
- Prager Groschen, Krakau Groschen
- Guldengroschen
- Silbergroschen
- Neugroschen
- Die Dreigroschenoper
- Qirsh
- Kuruş
- Groat
External links
References
The Prague groschen (pražský groš grossi pragenses Prager Groschen Grosz praski was a Groschen -type Silver Coin that became very common throughout The grossi cracovienses (grossus cracoviensis (sing grossi cracovienses (pl The Guldengroschen was a large Silver Coin originally minted in Tirol in 1486. The Silbergroschen was a Coin used in Prussia and several other German Confederation states in northern Germany during the 19th century The neugroschen is a Coin that was introduced in 1841 in Saxony. The Threepenny Opera ( Die Dreigroschenoper) is a revolutionary work of Musical theatre, by German dramatist Bertolt Brecht and composer Qirsh, Gersh, Grush, Kuruş and Grosi are all names for currency denominations in and around the territories formerly part of the Ottoman Kuruş (derived from the German Groschen; Ottoman Turkish: غروش gurûş) is a Turkish currency subunitDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic