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Groove is the sense of propulsive rhythmic "feel" or sense of "swing" created by the interaction of the music played by a band's rhythm section (drums, electric bass or double bass, guitar, and keyboards). Rhythm (from Greek ῥυθμός - rhythmos, "any measured flow or movement symmetry" is the variation of the length and accentuation of A rhythm section is the Musicians in a Popular music band or ensemble who establish the Rhythmic pulse of a Song or musical The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the The double bass is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed String instrument used in the modern symphony orchestra. The term is mainly used in the context of genres outside of Western art music, such as funk, rock music, power groove, fusion, and soul. Classical music is a broad term that usually refers to mainstream music produced in or rooted in the traditions of Western liturgical and Secular music Funk is an American musical style that originated in the mid- to late-1960s when African American musicians blended Soul music, Soul Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. Groove metal, often associated with neo-thrash / post-thrash and power groove, is a term sometimes used to describe a derivative of Thrash Soul music is a Music genre that combines Rhythm and blues and Gospel music, originating in the United States.

While some musicians have called the concept of "groove" a subjective and elusive notion, they acknowledge that the concept is well-understood by experienced musicians at a practical, intuitive level. Funk and latin musicians refer to "groove" as the sense of being "in the pocket", and jazz players refer to groove as the sense that a jam session is really "cooking" or "swinging. "

Musicologists and other scholars began to analyse the concept of "groove" in the 1990s. They have argued that a "groove" is an "understanding of rhythmic patterning" or "feel" and “an intuitive sense" of "a cycle in motion" that emerges from "carefully aligned concurrent rhythmic patterns" that sets in motion dancing or foot-tapping on the part of listeners.

Contents

Description

Musicians' perspectives

Like the term "swing", which is used to describe a cohesive rhythmic "feel" in a jazz context, the concept of "groove" can be hard to define. Indeed, some dictionaries use the terms as synonyms: "Groovy. . . [d]enotes music that really swings. "[1] Marc Sabatella's article Establishing The Groove argues that " groove is a completely subjective thing. " He claims that "[o]ne person may think a given drummer has a great feel, while another person may think the same drummer sounds too stiff, and another may think he is too loose. "[2] Similarly, a bass educator states that while "[g]roove is an elusive thing" it can be defined as "what makes the music breathe" and the "sense of motion in the context of a song. "[3]

In a musical context, general dictionaries define a groove as "a pronounced, enjoyable rhythm" or the act of "creat[ing], danc[ing] to, or enjoy[ing] rhythmic music. " [4] [5] Steve Telehus explains the "groove" as the point in this sense when he defines it as a point in a song or performance when "even the people who can't dance wanna feel like dancing. . . " due to the effect of the music.

Bernard Coquelet argues that the "groove is the way an experimented musician will play a rhythm compared with the way it is written (or would be written)" by playing slightly "before or after the beat. " Coquelet claims that the "notion of groove actually has to do with aesthetics and style"; "groove is an artistic element, that is to say human,. . . and "it will evolve depending on the harmonic context, the place in the song, the sound of the musician's instrument, and, in interaction with the groove of the other musicians", which he calls "collective" groove. "[6] Minute rhythmic variations by the bass can dramatically change the feel as a band plays a song, even for a simple singer-songwriter groove. [7]

Theoretical analysis

UK musicologist Richard Middleton (1999) notes that while "the concept of groove" has "long [been] familiar in musicians' own usage",musicologists and theorists have only more recently begun to analyze this concept. Richard Middleton FBA is Professor of Music at Newcastle University in Newcastle upon Tyne. Middleton states that a groove ". . . marks an understanding of rhythmic patterning that underlies its role in producing the characteristic rhythmic 'feel' of a piece. " He notes that the "feel created by a repeating framework" is also modified with variations. "Groove", in terms of pattern-sequencing, is also known as "shuffle" - where there is deviation from exact step positions. Shuffling is a procedure used to randomize a deck of Playing cards to provide an element of chance in Card games Shuffling is often followed by a

When the musical slang phrase “Being in the groove” is applied to a group of improvisers, this has been called "an advanced level of development for any improvisational music group" which is "equivalent to Bohm and Jaworski’s descriptions of an evoked field", which systems dynamics scholars claim are "forces of unseen connection that directly influence our experience and behaviour. [8]Peter Forrester and John Bailey argue that the "chances of achieving this higher level of playing" (i. e. , attain a "groove") is improved when the musicians are "open to other’s musical ideas", "complemen[t] other participant’s musical ideas", and "taking risks with the music". [9]

Turry and Aigen cite Feld's definition of groove as “an intuitive sense of style as process, a perception of a cycle in motion, a form or organizing pattern being revealed, a recurrent clustering of elements through time. " Aigen states that “when [a]groove is established among players, the musical whole becomes greater than the sum of its parts, enabling a person […] to experience something beyond himself which he[/she] cannot create alone (Aigen 2002, p. 34). "[10]

Jeff Pressing's 2002 article claimed that a "groove or feel" is "a cognitive temporal phenomen emerging from one or more carefully aligned concurrent rhythmic patterns, charaterized by. . . perception of recurring pulses, and subdivision of structure in such pulses,. . . perception of a cycle of time, of length 2 or more pulses, enabling identification of cycle locations, and. . . effectiveness of engaging synchronizing body responses (e. g. dance, foot-tapping)” [11]

Use in different genres

Soul and funk

The "groove" is also associated with funk performers, such as James Brown's drummers Clyde Stubblefield and Jabo Starks, and with soul music. James Joseph Brown Jr (May 3 1933 – December 25 2006 commonly referred to as "The Godfather of Soul" the "King of Funk" and "The Clyde Stubblefield (born 1943 in Chattanooga Tennessee) is a Drummer best known for his work with James Brown. John "Jabo" Starks (Born October 26, 1938) is an American Funk and Blues Drummer. "In the 1950s, when "funk" and "funky" were used increasingly as adjectives in the context of soul music -- the meaning being transformed from the original one of a pungent odor to a re-defined meaning of a strong, distinctive groove. " As "[t]he soul dance music of its day, the basic idea of funk was to create as intense a groove as possible. "[12] When a drummer plays a groove that "is very solid and with a great feel. . . ,this is referred to informally as being "in the pocket"; when a drummer "maintains this feel for an extended period of time, never wavering, this is often referred to as a deep pocket. "[13] A concept similar to "groove" or "swing" is also used in other African-American genres: "What old jazz heads called “swing,” hip hop [performers]call “flow. Hip hop is a cultural movement which developed in New York City in the 1970s primarily among African Americans and Latinos. ” [14]

Jazz

In some more traditional styles of jazz, the musicians often use the word "swing" to describe the sense of rhythmic cohesion of a skilled group. However, since the 1950s, musicians from the organ trio and latin jazz subgenres have also used the term "groove". An organ trio, in a Jazz context is a group of three jazz musicians typically consisting of a Hammond organ player a Drummer, and either a Jazz Latin jazz is the general term given to music that combines rhythms from African and Latin American countries with jazz and classical harmonies from Latin America the Caribbean Europe Jazz flute player "Herbie Mann talks a lot about "the groove. Herbert Jay Solomon ( April 16, 1930 – July 1, 2003) better known as Herbie Mann, was an American Jazz " In the 1950s, Mann "locked into a Brazilian groove in the early '60s, then moved into a funky, soulful groove in the late '60s and early '70s. By the mid-'70s he was making hit disco records, still cooking in a rhythmic groove. " He describes his approach to finding the groove as follows: "All you have to do is find the waves that are comfortable to float on top of. " Mann argues that the "epitome of a groove record" is "Memphis Underground or Push Push", because the "rhythm section [is] locked all in one perception. Memphis Underground is a 1969 album by Jazz Flautist Herbie Mann, that attempts to fuse the genres of Jazz and Rhythm & Blues (R&B Push Push is a 1971 album by Jazz Flautist Herbie Mann (1930 &ndash 2003 which features Duane Allman. " [15]

Reggae

In Jamaican reggae, dancehall, and dub music, the creole term "riddim" is used to describe the rhythm patterns created by the drum pattern a prominent bassline. Reggae is a Music genre first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s Dancehall is a type of Jamaican Popular music which developed in the late 1970s initially as a more sparse and less political and religious variant of Reggae Dub is a form of music which evolved from Reggae in the late 1960s In other musical contexts a "riddim" would be called a "groove" or beat. One of the widely-copied "riddims", Real Rock, was recorded in 1967 by Sound Dimension. "It was built around a single, emphatic bass note followed by a rapid succession of lighter notes. The pattern repeated over and over hypnotically. The sound was so powerful that it gave birth to an entire style of reggae meant for slow dancing called rub a dub. " [16]

Groove Metal

In the 1990s, the term "groove" was also used to describe elements of a form of thrash metal called groove metal which is based around the use of mid-tempo thrash riffs and detuned power chords played with heavy and groove-laden syncopation. Thrash metal (sometimes referred to simply as thrash) is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal that is characterized by its fast tempo and aggression Groove metal, often associated with neo-thrash / post-thrash and power groove, is a term sometimes used to describe a derivative of Thrash In Music, a riff is an Ostinato figure a repeated Chord progression, pattern refrain or melodic figure, often played by the Rhythm In Music, syncopation includes a variety of Rhythms which are in some way unexpected in that they deviate from the strict succession of regularly spaced [17] Groove metal drums typically use double-bass drumming, with emphasis on using the double bass drum in waves, rather than rapid fire double bass and blast beats used in extreme metal styles. A blast beat is a drum beat often associated with Grindcore, although its usage predates the genre and has spread to many other forms of Extreme metal. Extreme metal is an Umbrella term, somewhat loosely defined for a number of related heavy metal subgenres that have developed since the 1980s [18] Uncommon time signatures and polyrhythms are typical for some bands, and generally these bands put heavy emphasis on the changing beat.

References

  1. ^ Slang Expressions in Popular Music
  2. ^ Accompanying: Drums: Establishing The Groove
  3. ^ Stews Lessons: Creating The Groove
  4. ^ Definition of groove
  5. ^ groove - definition of groove by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia
  6. ^ http://72.14.205.104/search?q=cache:Y3tNkGOda4cJ:www.espace-cubase.org/anglais/page.php%3Fpage%3Ddicogl+groove+music+definition&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=233&gl=ca&lr=lang_en|lang_fr
  7. ^ Singer-Songwriter Groove - WikiMusician We need a better source than a Wiki source
  8. ^ http://www.systemdynamics.org/conferences/1999/PAPERS/WSHOP2.PDF
  9. ^ http://www.systemdynamics.org/conferences/1999/PAPERS/WSHOP2.PDF
  10. ^ Delicate Thoughts: Music, Mind and Humanity: Definition and Philosophy of Music Therapy
  11. ^ http://72.14.205.104/search?q=cache:tmrZVsOeXnMJ:www.uni-hamburg.de/Wiss/FB/09/Musik/Dozenten/Pfleiderer/Escom5.pdf+groove+music+definition&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=264&gl=ca&lr=lang_en|lang_fr
  12. ^ 'Funk' Music
  13. ^ DRUMMER CAFE - In The Pocket
  14. ^ http://www.typepad.com/t/trackback/664862/23277556
  15. ^ Port Folio Weekly, 2002. http://www.jimnewsom.com/HerbieMannInterview.html
  16. ^ http://travel2.nytimes.com/mem/travel/article-page.html?res=9C01EEDD123FF930A15756C0A9629C8B63 [Sept 2005]
  17. ^ The History of Metal. Retrieved on 2007-08-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus.  “Pantera practically revolutionized thrash metal. Speed wasn’t the main point anymore, it was what singer Phil Anselmo called the "power groove. " Riffs became unusually heavy without the need of growling or the extremely low-tuned and distorted guitars of death metal, rhythms depended more on a heavy groove”
  18. ^ Patrick Weiler. Neo-Thrash Metal genre description. Retrieved on 2007-08-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus.  “Compared to pure Thrash Metal the double bass playing plays a bigger role. In the middle of the Nineties this style saw its heyday and for many Metalheads it was the only true alternative to Grunge. Examples: PANTERA, PRONG, MACHINE HEAD. ”

Further reading

See also

Rhythm (from Greek ῥυθμός - rhythmos, "any measured flow or movement symmetry" is the variation of the length and accentuation of
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