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For the German town, see Gröningen. Gröningen is a town in the Börde district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.
Groningen
The Martini Tower
The Martini Tower
Flag of Groningen
Flag		 Coat of arms of Groningen
Coat of arms
Location of Groningen
Coordinates: 53°13′N 6°33′E / 53.217, 6.55
Country Netherlands
Province Groningen
Municipality Groningen
Area (2006)
 - Total 83. Martinitoren (Martini Tower is the highest church tower in the city of Groningen, The Netherlands. The Flag of Groningen was adopted in the year 1950, and is based upon the coats-of-arms of the City of Groningen and the Ommelanden The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Groningen is the northeasternmost province of the Netherlands. Groningen is the name of several places Groningen (province, a province of the Netherlands Groningen (city, a city in the Netherlands Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 69 km² (32. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 3 sq mi)
 - Land 79. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 59 km² (30. 7 sq mi)
 - Water 4. 10 km² (1. 6 sq mi)
Population (1 January 2007)
 - Total 181,819
 - Density 2,284/km² (5,915. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 5/sq mi)
  Source: CBS, Statline. Statistics Netherlands, founded in 1899, is a Dutch governmental institution that gathers statistical information about the Netherlands.
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 - Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Boroughs of Groningen
Boroughs of Groningen

Groningen is the capital city of the province of Groningen in the Netherlands. Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time Daylight saving time ( DST Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time Groningen is the northeasternmost province of the Netherlands. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands With a population of 185,000, it is by far the largest city in the north of the Netherlands. Groningen is a University city with more than 45,000 students.

Contents

History

The city was founded on the northernmost point of the Hondsrug area. The Hondsrug is a Dutch ridge of sand that is mainly located in the province Drenthe and partly in the province Groningen. The oldest document referring to Groningen's existence dates from 1040. However, the city already existed long before then: the oldest archaeological traces found are believed to stem from the years 3950–3720 BC, although the first major settlement in Groningen has been traced back to the 3rd century AD. The 3rd century is the period from 201 to 300 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era.

In the 13th century, when Groningen was an important trade center, its inhabitants built a city wall to underline its authority. See also List of cities with defensive walls A defensive wall is a Fortification used to defend a city or settlement from potential aggressors The city had a strong influence on the surrounding lands and made its dialect a common tongue. A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος dialektos) is a variety of a Language that is characteristic of a particular group of The most influential period of the city was the end of the 15th century, when the nearby province of Friesland was administered from Groningen. Friesland ( West Frisian: Fryslân, Dutch Friesland) is a province in the north of the Netherlands and part of the bigger region known During these years, the Martini Tower was built, which loomed over the city at (then) 127 metres tall, making it the highest building in Europe at the time. Martinitoren (Martini Tower is the highest church tower in the city of Groningen, The Netherlands. The city's independence came to an end when it chose to join forces with the Spanish during the Eighty Years' War in 1594. The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español was one of the largest Empires in history and one of the first Global empires In the 15th and 16th centuries The Dutch Revolt, Eighty Years' War or the Revolt of the Netherlands (1568—1648 was the revolt of the Seventeen Provinces in the Low Countries It later switched sides, joining the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands. "United Netherlands" redirects here For the "Kingdom of the United Netherlands" see United Kingdom of the Netherlands.

In 1614, the University of Groningen was founded, initially only for religious education. The University of Groningen (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen located in the city of Groningen, was founded in 1614. Theology is the study of a god or the gods from a religious perspective In the same period the city expanded rapidly and a new city wall was built. That same city wall was tested during the Third Anglo-Dutch War in 1672, when the city was attacked fiercely by the bishop of Münster, Bernhard von Galen. The Third Anglo-Dutch War or Third Dutch War ( Dutch: Derde Engelse Oorlog or Derde Engelse Zeeoorlog) was a military conflict between The Bishopric of Münster was an ecclesiastical principality in the Holy Roman Empire, located in the northern part of today's North Rhine-Westphalia and western Christoph Bernhard Freiherr von Galen ( October 12, 1606 &ndash September 19, 1678) was Prince-bishop of Münster. The city walls resisted, an event which is celebrated with music and fireworks on 28 August. A firework is classified as a low explosive pyrotechnic device used primarily for aesthetic and entertainment purposes Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital

The city did not escape the devastation of World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including In particular, the main square, Grote Markt, was largely destroyed in April 1945, at the end of the war. However, the Martinitoren, its church, the Goudkantoor, and the city hall were not damaged. The Goudkantoor ( English: Gold Office is a building built in 1635 and located on Waagststraat near the Grote Markt (Main Square in Groningen, Netherlands The battle there lasted several days.

Groninger Museum
Groninger Museum
Main building of the University of Groningen
Main building of the University of Groningen
View from the Martini Tower, city hall in the middle
View from the Martini Tower, city hall in the middle
The Aa Church
The Aa Church
The Herestraat, the main shopping street
The Herestraat, the main shopping street
A modern church in southern Groningen
A modern church in southern Groningen

Art, culture and nightlife

Although Groningen is not a large city, it does have an important role as the main urban center of this part of the country, particularly in the fields of music and other arts, education, and business. The Groninger Museum is a museum in Groningen in the north of The Netherlands. The University of Groningen (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen located in the city of Groningen, was founded in 1614. The large number of students living in Groningen also contributes to a diverse cultural scene for a city of its size.

University of Groningen

The University of Groningen (in Dutch: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen) has a rich academic tradition which dates back to 1614. The University of Groningen (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen located in the city of Groningen, was founded in 1614. After the University of Leiden, it is the oldest university located in the Netherlands. The university educated the first female student and the first astronaut in the history of the country, the first president of the European Bank and a Nobel prize winner. They share their academic roots with around 200,000 people, who were either students, teachers or researchers at the university.

Museums

The most important and most famous museum in Groningen is the Groninger Museum. The Groninger Museum is a museum in Groningen in the north of The Netherlands. With the construction of its current building, designed by Alessandro Mendini, the museum has been transformed into one of the most modern and innovative of its kind in the Netherlands. Alessandro Mendini (born 1931 in Milan) is an Italian Designer and Architect. In addition, the city also has a science museum, a comics museum and a tobacco museum. A science museum or a science centre is a Museum devoted primarily to Science. Comics (via Latin from the Greek "" kōmikos, of or pertaining to "comedy" from kōmos "revel" Tobacco is an Agricultural product recognized as an addictive drug processed from the fresh Leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana.

Theatre and music

Groningen has its own city theatre (Stadsschouwburg), located on the Turfsingel; a big theatre and concert venue called Martini Plaza; and another major cultural venue on the Trompsingel, called the Oosterpoort. Vera is located on the Oosterstraat, Grand Theatre on the Grote Markt, and Simplon on the Boterdiep. Several cafes feature live music, a few of which specialize in jazz music, including Jazzcafe De Spiegel on the Peperstraat. The jazz music students from the Prins Claus Conservatorium have been known to hold regular jam sessions in cafes such as Peter Pan on the Voor Het Voormalige Klein Poortje and café De Smederij on the Tuinstraat 2-4. The Prins Claus Conservatorium is one of the nine conservatoires in the Netherlands.

Nightlife

Groningen's nightlife depends largely on its student population. Its cultural scene is vibrant and remarkable for a city of its size. In particular, the Grote Markt, the Vismarkt, and the Poelestraat and Peperstraat are crowded at night, especially on Thursdays and Fridays when some bars do not close until 7 in the morning. In 2006, Groningen was elected "de beste binnenstad" (the best city centre) of the Netherlands.

Partner towns

The city is twinned with the following cities:[1]

and in addition with the American state of Flag of Michigan Michigan

Politics

The city council has 39 members. Graz (etymologically from Slovene: Gradec IPA /gradeʦ/ "little castle" with a population of around 290000 as of 2008 (of which 252852 have principal Jabalya (جباليا is a Palestinian City located four kilometers north of Gaza City Kaliningrad (Калининград is a Seaport and the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast, the Russian Exclave between Poland Katowice (Katovice Kattowitz is a City in Silesia in southern Poland, on the Kłodnica Murmansk (Му́рманск Murmanska Muurman is a city and Seaport in the extreme northwest part of Russia, on the Kola Bay, 12 km Newcastle upon Tyne ( (often shortened to Newcastle) is a city and Metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, England The city of Odense (Danish ˈoð̞ˀn̩sə) is the fourth largest city in Denmark. ||-||-||-||} Oldenburg ( Low German: Ollnborg) is an Independent City in Lower Saxony, Germany. San Carlos is the capital city of the Municipality of San Carlos and of the Río San Juan Department of Nicaragua. Tallinn (historically known by the German, Swedish and Danish name Reval or the Polish name Rewal, among other names ( Postal map spelling: Tientsin) is the second largest city in northern coastal China. This article is on the city See also Zlin aircraft brand Zlín (zliːn formerly Gottwaldov ('gotvaldof is a city in the Zlín A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. The left-wing parties PvdA and GroenLinks are the largest. The term Green left is used primarily to refer to a combination of environmentalism feminism and socialism in countries where the term is used After the elections in 2002, they formed a coalition with CDA and VVD. The Christian Democratic Appeal ( CDA) (Christen Democratisch Appèl is a Dutch Christian-democratic Political party. The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy ( VVD) (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie is a Dutch liberal Political party. Jacques Wallage has been the mayor since 1998. Jacques Wallage (born September 27, 1946 in Apeldoorn) is a Dutch Politician of Jewish descent As a result of the elections of 2006, three left-wing parties (PvdA, GroenLinks and SP), decided to form a new coalition, which was appointed on April 26, 2006. Events 1467 - The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

Industry

There are two sugar factories within the municipality borders of Groningen, one operated by CSM and one by Suikerunie. Sugar is a class of edible Crystalline substances mainly Sucrose, Lactose, and Fructose. A factory (previously manufactory) or manufacturing plant is an industrial Building where workers manufacture goods The factories produce around 600,000 tonnes of beet sugar annually (2005 figures). This article is about the tonne or metric ton For other tons see Ton. Sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L a member of the Chenopodiaceae family is a plant whose root contains a high concentration of Sucrose.

Transport

Groningen has been called the "World Cycling City", since 57% of journeys within the city are made by bicycle. The city is very much adapted to the wishes of those who want to get around without a car, as it has an extensive cycle network, good public transport, and a large pedestrianized zone in the city center. In the Italian TV program of investigative journalism "Report" appeared a short movie [1], considering the use of bikes in Groningen a good practice to emulate in Italy.

The main train station (served by the Nederlandse Spoorwegen and Arriva) has regular services to most of the major cities in the Netherlands, plus Schiphol Airport, and Germany. Nederlandse Spoorwegen ( Dutch Railways) or NS, is the principal passenger Railway operating company in the Netherlands. Arriva plc ( is a British -based international public transport operator headquartered in Sunderland. Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the Netherlands ' main Airport, located 20 minutes (17 Besides the main station, Groningen has two additional smaller train stations.

There are also direct buses between Groningen (train station) and Bremen (airport) in Germany, run by Public Express. Bremen (ˈbʁeːmən is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany (official name Stadtgemeinde Bremen / City Municipality of Bremen

The A28 motorway connects the city of Groningen to Utrecht (via Zwolle and Amersfoort). The A28 motorway is a Motorway in the Netherlands. It is approximately 188 kilometers in length Utrecht ( city and municipality is the capital and most populous city of the Dutch province of Utrecht. Zwolle is a Municipality and the capital city of the province of Overijssel, Netherlands, 120 kilometers northeast of Amsterdam. Amersfoort is a municipality and the second largest city of the province of Utrecht in central Netherlands. The A7 motorway connects Groningen to Friesland and Amsterdam (South-West) and Winschoten and the direction of Bremen in the East. The A7 motorway is a Motorway in the Netherlands connecting Zaandam, via the Afsluitdijk, Sneek and Groningen to the Friesland ( West Frisian: Fryslân, Dutch Friesland) is a province in the north of the Netherlands and part of the bigger region known Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west Winschoten ( Gronings: Winschoot) is a Municipality and City in the northeast of the Netherlands. Bremen (ˈbʁeːmən is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany (official name Stadtgemeinde Bremen / City Municipality of Bremen

Climate

Groningen has a moderate temperate climate, with relative warm summers and cool winters. Weather is influenced by the North Sea to the north-west and its prevailing north-western winds and gales. Winter temperatures are cool: on average above freezing, although frosts are not uncommon during spells of easterly winds blowing in from the inner European continent, i. e. Germany, Russia and even Siberia. Night-time tempuratures of -10 °C or lower are not uncommon during cold winter periods. The lowest temperature ever recorded is -26. 8 °C on February 16th 1956. Snow occasionally falls, but rarely stays long due to warmer day-time temperatures. Summers are somewhat warm and humid. Temperatures of 30 °C or higher occur, but most average daytime high's are around 21-24 °C. Very rainy periods are common, especially in spring and summer. Average annual precipitation is about 900 mm.

Month JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Year
Avg high °C
(°F)		  4. 6
(41. 7)		  5. 2
(42. 8)		  8. 8
(48. 6)		 12. 4
(54. 3)		 17. 2
(62. 8)		 19. 6
(66. 6)		 21. 6
(70. 5)		 22. 1
(71. 2)		 18. 4
(65. 1)		 13. 7
(57. 4)		  8. 6
(48. 6)		  5. 7
(43. 7)		 13. 2
(56. 1)
Avg low °C
(°F)		  -0. 6
(32. 9)		  -0. 6
(32. 4)		  1. 4
(36. 3)		  2. 9
(39. 2)		  6. 7
(46. 0)		 9. 3
(50. 7)		 11. 5
(54. 5)		 11. 3
(54. 1)		 9. 0
(50. 4)		  5. 8
(44. 6)		  2. 7
(39. 0)		  0. 7
(35. 4)		  5. 0
(43. 0)
Source: [2]

Football stadium

The football (soccer) stadium of FC Groningen is called Euroborg. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered FC Groningen is a football Club from Groningen in the Netherlands. Euroborg is the Stadium of football club FC Groningen, with a capacity of 19814 seats Opened in January 2006, the stadium has 20,000 seats. The former football stadium of FC Groningen is the Oosterpark Stadion (12,500 seats). Oosterpark Stadion was the Stadium of football club FC Groningen until December 2005

Born in Groningen

Trivia

See also

References

  1. ^ Partner towns on the city web site. The Battle of Groningen took place during the final month of the Second World War, from April 13 to April 16 1945 in the city of Groningen between a mixture Groningen has always been the largest town in the northern part of The Netherlands, attracting large numbers of Jews because of it throughout the history

External links

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