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Margrethe (Grethe) P. Rask

Born 1930
Thisted, Denmark
Died 12 December 1977 (aged 47)
Copenhagen, Denmark[1]
Profession Surgeon
Known for Being one of the first non-Africans to die of HIV/AIDS
Years active 1964–1977

Margrethe P. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Thisted is a town in Thisted municipality of Region Nordjylland, in Denmark. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe In Medicine, a surgeon is a person who performs Surgery. Surgery is a broad category of invasive Medical treatment that involves the cutting of a Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) is a Lentivirus (a member of the Retrovirus family that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Rask (1930 – December 12, 1977), better known as Grethe Rask, was a Danish physician and surgeon who practiced medicine in what was then known as Zaire (today the Democratic Republic of the Congo). Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health In Medicine, a surgeon is a person who performs Surgery. Surgery is a broad category of invasive Medical treatment that involves the cutting of a The Republic of Zaire (pronunciation; République du Zaïre was the name of the present Democratic Republic of the Congo between October 27, 1971 The Democratic Republic of the Congo (République démocratique du Congo often referred to as DR Congo, DRC or RDC, and formerly known or referred to After setting up her own hospital in a village called Abumombazi in 1972, she transferred to Danish Red Cross Hospital in Kinshasa in 1975 before returning to Denmark in 1977 following symptoms of an unknown disease, which was later discovered to be AIDS. Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Kinshasa (formerly French: Léopoldville, formerly Dutch: Leopoldstad, German: Leopoldstadt) is the Capital Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Rask, who died three and a half years prior to AIDS being recognized by the Center for Disease Control in June 1981, was one of the first non-Africans (along with Arvid Noe) to die of AIDS-related causes. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (or CDC) is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services based in unincorporated Arvid Noe (1947&ndash1976 was a Norwegian Sailor who is notable for being one of the first non-Africans known to have died from AIDS.

Contents

Early years and Zaire (1930-1974)

Born in 1930 in the Danish town of Thisted, Dr. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Thisted is a town in Thisted municipality of Region Nordjylland, in Denmark. Rask practiced medicine in Zaire (now known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo) for a brief period in 1964, when she was recalled back to Europe for training in stomach surgery and tropical illnesses[2], and from 1972 to 1977, first at a small local hospital in the Zairian town of Abumombazi, and then at the Danish Red Cross Hospital in Kinshasa starting in 1975. The Republic of Zaire (pronunciation; République du Zaïre was the name of the present Democratic Republic of the Congo between October 27, 1971 The Democratic Republic of the Congo (République démocratique du Congo often referred to as DR Congo, DRC or RDC, and formerly known or referred to Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays Kinshasa (formerly French: Léopoldville, formerly Dutch: Leopoldstad, German: Leopoldstadt) is the Capital Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. She was likely first exposed to HIV during her time in Abumombazi. Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) is a Lentivirus (a member of the Retrovirus family that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Her friend and colleague, Ib Bygbjerg (a physician specializing in communicable diseases), wrote in a 1983 letter to The Lancet that "while working as a surgeon under primitive conditions, she [Rask] must have been heavily exposed to blood and excretions of African patients. Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) This article is about the journal For other uses of the term "lancet" see Lancet (disambiguation. "

Illness and death (1975-1977)

Rask apparently suffered from symptoms of HIV starting in late 1974[3], including diarrhea, swollen lymph nodes, weight loss, and fatigue. Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) is a Lentivirus (a member of the Retrovirus family that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome In Medicine, diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea (see spelling differences) is frequent loose or liquid Bowel movements Acute diarrhea A Lymph node ( lɪmf noʊd is an organ consisting of many types of cells and is a part of the Lymphatic system. Although the symptoms receded temporarily following drug treatments in 1975[4], the symptoms later grew considerably worse. Following a vacation in South Africa in July 1977, she could no longer breathe and relied on bottled oxygen. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the [5] She flew back to Denmark, where tests at Copenhagen's Rigshospitalet discovered she had contracted a number of opportunistic infections, such as Staphylococcus aureus (staph infection), candidiasis (yeast infection), and Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP, a fungal infection of the lungs formerly known as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia) at. Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city An opportunistic infection is an infection caused by Pathogens that usually do not cause disease in a healthy Immune system. Staphylococcus aureus (ˌstæfɨləˈkɒkəs ˈɔriəs literally "Golden Cluster Seed" and also known as golden staph) is the most common cause of Candidiasis, commonly called yeast infection or thrush, is a Fungal infection (mycosis of any of the Candida species of which Pneumocystis pneumonia ( PCP) is a form of Pneumonia caused by the yeast-like Fungus, Pneumocystis jirovecii (Jirovecii is pronounced Tests also showed that Dr. Rask had a nearly non-existent T-cell count, leading to a severely depressed immune system. T cells belong to a group of White blood cells known as Lymphocytes, and play a central role in Cell-mediated immunity.

At the time, the doctors treating Rask were at a loss to explain her disease progression, which in retrospect, would come to be seen as one of the first cases of AIDS recorded outside of Africa.

After numerous tests and unsuccessful treatments, she eventually returned home to her cottage on the fjord in November 1977, where her long-time companion (a nurse) cared for her. She was called back for more tests in December, and returned to the Rigshospitalet in Copenhagen, where she remained until she died of AIDS-related Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, on December 12, 1977. Pneumocystis pneumonia ( PCP) is a form of Pneumonia caused by the yeast-like Fungus, Pneumocystis jirovecii (Jirovecii is pronounced Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays

Autopsy and testing

A subsequent autopsy revealed that Rask's lungs were filled with a fungus known as Pneumocystis carinii jiroveci, a rare type of pneumonia that mostly affected people that were immunocompromised and that is today known as a common symptom of AIDS. An autopsy, also known as a post-mortem examination, necropsy, or obduction, is a Medical procedure that consists of a thorough Examination Pneumocystis pneumonia ( PCP) is a form of Pneumonia caused by the yeast-like Fungus, Pneumocystis jirovecii (Jirovecii is pronounced Pneumonia is an inflammatory illness of the Lung. Frequently it is described as lung Parenchyma / alveolar inflammation and abnormal In Medicine, immunodeficiency (or immune deficiency) is a state in which the Immune system 's ability to fight Infectious disease is compromised Rask's blood samples were assayed in Copenhagen in 1984 following extensive research on AIDS[6]. In medicine venipuncture or venepuncture (also known as phlebotomy, venesection, blood draw, drawing blood or taking blood An assay is a procedure where a property or concentration of an Analyte is measured Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) The test was done with a very early version of ELISA and tested negative for HIV/AIDS. Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay, also called ELISA, Enzyme ImmunoAssay or EIA, is a biochemical technique used mainly in Immunology [7] However, two later tests were done in America with more advanced assays in 1987; both tested positive. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) [8] Therefore, Rask is one of the first non-Africans to die of AIDS.

See also

References

  1. ^ Shilts, Randy [1987]. This article is a timeline of early AIDS cases An AIDS case is classified as "early" if the death occurred before June 18, 1981 CCR5, short for chemokine (C-C motif receptor 5, is a Chemokine receptor. Randy Shilts ( August 8 1951 February 17 1994) was a highly acclaimed pioneering Gay American Journalist and And the Band Played on: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic (in English). St. Martin's Press, pg. St Martin's Press is a book publisher headquartered in the iconic Flatiron Building in New York City. 7. ISBN 0312009941.  
  2. ^ Shilts, Randy [1987]. Randy Shilts ( August 8 1951 February 17 1994) was a highly acclaimed pioneering Gay American Journalist and And the Band Played on: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic (in English). St. Martin's Press, pp. St Martin's Press is a book publisher headquartered in the iconic Flatiron Building in New York City. 3–4. ISBN 0312009941.  
  3. ^ Shilts, Randy [1987]. Randy Shilts ( August 8 1951 February 17 1994) was a highly acclaimed pioneering Gay American Journalist and And the Band Played on: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic (in English). St. Martin's Press, pg. St Martin's Press is a book publisher headquartered in the iconic Flatiron Building in New York City. 5. ISBN 0312009941.  
  4. ^ Shilts, Randy [1987]. Randy Shilts ( August 8 1951 February 17 1994) was a highly acclaimed pioneering Gay American Journalist and And the Band Played on: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic (in English). St. Martin's Press, pg. St Martin's Press is a book publisher headquartered in the iconic Flatiron Building in New York City. 5. ISBN 0312009941.  
  5. ^ Shilts, Randy [1987]. Randy Shilts ( August 8 1951 February 17 1994) was a highly acclaimed pioneering Gay American Journalist and And the Band Played on: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic (in English). St. Martin's Press, pg. St Martin's Press is a book publisher headquartered in the iconic Flatiron Building in New York City. 6. ISBN 0312009941.  
  6. ^ Hooper, Edward [1999]. Edward Hooper (born 1951 is a British journalist best known for his book The River, which investigates the origins and early epidemiology of AIDS and makes a case The River (in English). Little, Brown and Company, pg. Little Brown and Company is a publishing house established by Charles Coffin Little and his partner James Brown. 95. ISBN 0-316-37261-7.  
  7. ^ Hooper, Edward [1999]. Edward Hooper (born 1951 is a British journalist best known for his book The River, which investigates the origins and early epidemiology of AIDS and makes a case The River (in English). Little, Brown and Company, pg. Little Brown and Company is a publishing house established by Charles Coffin Little and his partner James Brown. 95. ISBN 0-316-37261-7.  
  8. ^ Hooper, Edward [1999]. Edward Hooper (born 1951 is a British journalist best known for his book The River, which investigates the origins and early epidemiology of AIDS and makes a case The River (in English). Little, Brown and Company, pg. Little Brown and Company is a publishing house established by Charles Coffin Little and his partner James Brown. 95. ISBN 0-316-37261-7.  

Further reading

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