Greenwood Furnace State Park
Pennsylvania State Park
Natural Monument (IUCN III)
Stone stack of Greenwood Iron Furnace
Named for: Greenwood Iron Furnance
Country	United States
State	Pennsylvania
County	Huntingdon
Township	Jackson
Location	[1]
- coordinates	40°38′46″N 77°45′44″W / 40.64611, -77.76222Coordinates: 40°38′46″N 77°45′44″W / 40.64611, -77.76222
- elevation	1,020 ft (310. Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below --> Overview There are A Natural Monument is a natural/cultural feature of outstanding or unique value because of its inherent rarity representative of aesthetic qualities or cultural significance The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern Huntingdon County is a County located in the US state of Pennsylvania. Jackson Township is a township in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, United States. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit 9 m) [1]
Area	423 acres (171. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International The acre is a unit of Area in a number of different systems including the imperial and U 2 ha)
Founded	1924
Managed by	Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources
Nearest city	Lewistown, Pennsylvania
Location of Greenwood Furnace State Park in Pennsylvania
Website : Greenwood Furnace State Park

Greenwood Furnace State Park is a 423-acre (1. Explanation The hectare is commonly used in most countries around the world especially in domains concerned with land planning and management such as Agriculture, The Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources ( DCNR) established on July 1, 1995, is the agency in the U Lewistown is a Borough located on the Juniata River, 61 miles (98 km northwest of Harrisburg in Mifflin County Pennsylvania. 71 km²) Pennsylvania State Park in Jackson Township, Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania in the United States. Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below --> Overview There are Jackson Township is a township in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, United States. Huntingdon County is a County located in the US state of Pennsylvania. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The park is near the historic iron making center of Greenwood Furnace. Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 The park includes the ghost town of Greenwood that grew up around the ironworks, old roads and charcoal hearths. Greenwood Furnace State Park is adjacent to Rothrock State Forest and on the western edge of an area of Central Pennsylvania known as the Seven Mountains. Rothrock State Forest is a Pennsylvania State Forest in Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry District #5 The park is on Pennsylvania Route 305, 20 miles (32 km) south of State College. Pennsylvania Route 305 is an 29 mile long State highway located in Huntingdon and Mifflin counties in Pennsylvania. State College is the largest borough in Centre County in the U

Within the park is Greenwood Lake, a six-acre lake that is stocked with trout and which allows ice fishing during the winter. Trout is the common name given to a number of Species of Freshwater Fish belonging to the Salmonidae family The dam that forms the lake is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP is the United States government's official list of districts sites buildings structures and objects deemed worthy of Greenwood Furnace State Park is one of twenty-one chosen by the Pennsylvania Bureau of Parks for its "Twenty Must-See Pennsylvania State Parks" list. ^[2]

Contents 1 History 1.1 Early settlement 1.2 Greenwood Iron Works 1.3 Tree Nursery and State Park 2 Recreation 2.1 Greenwood Lake 2.2 Picnics 2.3 Camping 2.4 Hunting 2.5 Trails 3 Nearby state parks 4 References 5 External links

History

Early settlement

The northern Huntingdon County area was once inhabited by the Ona Jutta Hage or Juniata tribe. Their name meant "The People of the Standing Stone", an obelisk that once stood in their village near present day Huntingdon. An obelisk (from Greek ὀβελίσκος - obeliskos, diminutive of ὀβελός - obelos, "spit nail pointed pillar" Huntingdon is a borough in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania. It is the County seat of Huntingdon County. The Juniata had moved away by the time that Pennsylvania was colonized by William Penn. William Penn ( October 14, 1644 – July 30, 1718) was founder and "Absolute Proprietor" of the Province of Pennsylvania, Penn bought the land from the Iroquois and the Tuscarora and Shawnee that had resettled throughout central Pennsylvania were soon forced to move on once again. The Iroquois Confederacy (also known as the "League of Peace and Power" the "Five Nations" the "Six Nations" or the "People of the Longhouse The Tuscarora ("hemp gatherers" are an American Indian tribe with members in New York, Canada, and North Carolina. The Shawnee, or Shaawanwaki, Shaawanooki and Shaawanowi lenaweeki, are a people native to North America. Many different groups of European settlers migrated to the area by the late 1700s. They were mostly farmers of Scots-Irish descent with large numbers of Amish and Mennonite Germans who had fled religious persecution in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. A farmer is a person who raises living organisms for food or raw materials The Amish (ˈɑːmɪʃ are members of an Anabaptist Christian denomination best known for Simple living, Plain dress and resisting modern conveniences The Mennonites are a group of Christian Anabaptist denominations named after Menno Simons (1496&ndash1561 though his teachings were a relatively Religious persecution is the systematic mistreatment of an individual or group of individuals as a response to their religious beliefs of affiliations. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Later settlers built a tavern and a sawmill in the present location of Greenwood Furnace State Park. A tavern or pot-house is loosely a place of Business where people gather to drink Alcoholic beverages and more than likely also be served Food A sawmill is a facility where logs are cut into boards Sawmill process A sawmill's basic operation is much like those of 100 years ago a log enters ^[3]

Greenwood Iron Works

Greenwood Furnace State Park is named for the iron furnace that was once the center of industry in northern Huntingdon County. A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical Furnace used for Smelting to produce metals generally Iron. Greenwood Furnace was open for operation on June 5, 1834. The parent company, Norris, Rawle and Co. , selected the site because of the ease in access to the needed natural resources, iron ore, limestone, trees for charcoal and a steady water supply. Natural resources are naturally occurring substances that are considered valuable in their relatively unmodified ( natural) form Iron ores are rocks and Minerals from which Metallic Iron can be economically extracted Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 Charcoal' is the blackish residue consisting of impure Carbon obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from Animal and Vegetation Greenwood Furnace was able to produce up to five tons of pig iron ingots per day at the height of its production. Pig iron is the intermediate product of Smelting Iron ore with coke, usually with Limestone as a flux An ingot is a material usually metal that is cast into a shape suitable for further processing ^[3]

Soon a small village sprung up around Greenwood Furnace to support the needs of the workers and the furnace. The village included 20 houses, a company store, company offices, stables and a blacksmith shop. A truck system is an arrangement in which employees are paid in commodities or in lieu of wages for work performed thereby limiting their ability to choose how to spend their earnings blacksmith is a person who creates objects from Iron or Steel by Forging the Metal; i A deposit of high quality iron ore was discovered in the area leading to further growth in the Greenwood Furnace area. A gristmill was constructed in 1842. A gristmill or grist mill is a building where Grain is ground into Flour, or the grinding mechanism itself Greenwood Lake was built at this time to create a water supply to power the mill. Greenwood Lake is currently used as a recreation lake by visitors to Greenwood Furnace State Park. ^[3]

Ownership of Greenwood Furnace Iron Works was transferred to John A. Wright in 1847. Wright was one of the founders of the Pennsylvania Railroad in nearby Altoona. The Pennsylvania Railroad was an American Railroad, founded in 1846 Altoona is a city in Blair County, Pennsylvania, United States. The ironworks at Greenwood and nearby Freedom Iron Works were supervised in part by Andrew Carnegie. Andrew Carnegie (properly kɑrˈneɪgi but commonly /ˈkɑrnɨgi/ or /kɑrˈnɛgi/ (25 November 1835 – 11 August 1919 was a Scottish -born American Industrialist Under the leadership of Wright and Carnegie Greenwood and Freedom became vitally important centers of iron production for the booming railroad industry. The company expanded its iron output by building a Bessemer furnace at Freedom Iron Works and building a second stack at Greenwood Furnace. The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive Industrial process for the mass-production of Steel from molten Pig iron. ^[3]

The community surrounding Greenwood Furnace Iron Works reached its zenith in the 1870s. At that time it included the two furnaces, the ironmaster's mansion, a church and school, a company store and blacksmith and wagon shop, there were seventeen stables, ninety tenant houses in the mill village and the gristmill. A Mill town, also known as factory town or mill village, is typically a settlement that developed around one or more mills or factories (usually Cotton mills Greenwood Furnace was the home to about 300 families and included its own baseball team known at the "Energetics" and a fifteen piece brass band. Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each A brass band is a Musical group generally consisting entirely of Brass instruments, most often with a percussion section ^[3]

Greenwood Furnace became a ghost town in the early 1900s. A ghost town is a Town or City that has been abandoned usually because the economic activity that supported it has failed or due to natural or human-caused Changes in the iron industry lead to the closing of the now obsolete furnaces. When the furnaces were shut down, the jobs were gone and the people of Greenwood left their homes for jobs elsewhere. The land of the former furnace and village was soon reclaimed for nature through the efforts of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. ^[3]

Tree Nursery and State Park

On February 1, 1906 the state of Pennsylvania purchased the former lands of the ironworks and village from the Logan Iron and Steel Company. Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The State Forest Reserve Commission established the Greenwood Forest Tree Nursery (which later became the state park) on part of the land, while the rest was made part of the "Greenwood Reserves" and eventually became part of Rothrock State Forest. The soil was ideally suited for use as a tree nursery after the years of use as an iron furnace. A nursery is a place where Plants are propagated and grown to usable size The remnants of fly ash and charcoal dust enriched the earth with minerals that were needed for the growing of trees. The nursery began operation in 1906 and closed in 1993. During the 1970s and 1980s the nursery produced an average of three million seedlings per year. A seedling is a young plant Sporophyte developing out of a plant embryo from a Seed. The seedlings were replanted in forests throughout Pennsylvania. The Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry recently re-established the tree nursery on a limited basis to provide seedlings for use at its other nurseries and for sale to private nurseries. There are 20 state forests in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States. ^[3]

The state park was formally established by 1924 by the Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry (although it was then known as "Greenwood Public Camp"). Former residents of Greenwood village had begun to visit their old homes earlier and in 1921 began an annual reunion known at "Old Home Day. " Although the Bureau of Forestry made some improvements to the park, most of the facilities at the park were built during the Great Depression by the young men of the Civilian Conservation Corps, established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Civilian Conservation Corps ( CCC) was a Work relief program for young men from unemployed families established on March 21, 1933, by U The boys of the CCC worked to restore a furnace stack and also repaired six original buildings that had not been dismantled when the village was abandoned. ^[4] In the 1930s the name became "Greenwood Furnace State Forest Park". Greenwood Furnace State Park became an official part of the Pennsylvania state park system in 1966. ^[3]

Archaelogical work began at the park in 1976 to uncover the remains of the village. Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos Greenwood Furnace was designated a Historical Landmark in 1995 by ASM International in recognition of the superior quality iron that was produced by Greenwood Iron and was vitally important to the westward expansion of the railroads. ^[3]

Recreation

Greenwood Furnace State Park provides a look into historic industrial past of north Huntingdon county as well as recreational opportunities similar that of other Pennsylvania State Parks. A walking tour passes through the remains of Greenwood Furnace, providing park visitors with a lesson about the history of the town that once surrounded the ironworks. A working blacksmith shop has historical demonstrations of the craft of blacksmithing. blacksmith is a person who creates objects from Iron or Steel by Forging the Metal; i ^[5]

Greenwood Lake

Greenwood Lake was first built to provide water for a gristmill. It stands today as a reminder of the small town that once thrived there. The lake is used for recreational fishing, ice fishing, and swimming. For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish. Ice fishing is the Activity of catching fish with lines and fish hooks or spears through an opening in the Ice on a frozen body of Water Swimming is the movement by humans or animals through Water, usually without artificial assistance ^[5] Beginning in 2008 lifeguards will not be posted at the beach. ^[6]

Picnics

Greenwood Furnace State Park has a centrally located picnic area in a spruce and pine grove. In contemporary usage picnic can be defined simply as a pleasure excursion at which a Meal is eaten outdoors ( Al fresco or En plein air Spruce refers to Trees of the genus Picea, a genus of about 35 species of Coniferous Evergreen trees in the Family Pinaceae This article is about the tree For other uses of the term "pine" see Pine (disambiguation. There are several picnic tables and seven pavilions that can be rented up to eleven months in advance. A picnic table (or sometimes a picnic bench) is a modified table with benches expressly for the purpose of eating a meal outdoors ( Picnicking. In Architecture a pavilion (from French, "pavillon" from Latin "papilio" has two main significations The picnic area has easy access to a playground, a horseshoe pit, volleyball courts, a snack bar and a softball field. A playground or play area is an area designed for Children to play, indoors or outdoors Horseshoes is an outdoor Game played between two people (or two teams of two people using four horseshoes and two stakes Volleyball is an Olympic team sport in which two teams of 6 active players (5 normal players and one 'libero' are separated by a net that is usually four feet Softball is a team Sport popular especially in the United States. ^[5]

Camping

There is a 51 site campground at Greenwood Furnace State Park. It opens at the beginning of trout season in mid-April and closes with the conclusion of deer season in late December. Forty-six of the camp sites have an electric hook-up. A showerhouse with flush toilets and laundry tubs is nearby. ^[5]

Hunting

There are about 320 acres (1. 29 km²) acres of woods open to hunting at Caledonia State Park. Hunters are expected to follow the rules and regulations of the Pennsylvania Game Commission. The Pennsylvania Game Commission is the state agency responsible for Wildlife conservation and management in Pennsylvania in the United States The common game species are ruffed grouse, squirrels, white-tailed deer, and turkeys. The Ruffed Grouse, Bonasa umbellus, is a medium-sized Grouse occurring in forests from the Appalachian Mountains across Canada The eastern gray squirrel ( Sciurus carolinensis) is a Tree squirrel native to the eastern and Midwestern United States and to the southerly The White-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus) also known as the Virginia deer, or simply as the whitetail, is a medium-sized Deer found throughout The Wild Turkey ( Meleagris gallopavo) is native to North America and is the heaviest member of the Galliformes. The hunting of groundhogs is prohibited. The groundhog ( Marmota monax) also known as the woodchuck land beaver or whistlepig, is a Rodent of the family Sciuridae Hunters may access the adjoining Rothrock State Forest by using the parking lots at Greenwood Furnace State Park and hiking in on the trails. Rothrock State Forest is a Pennsylvania State Forest in Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry District #5 ^[5]

Trails

The trails of Greenwood Furnace State Park explore the forests in the park and venture out into Rothrock State Forest. They also pass by the historical remains of Greenwood Furnace Iron Works. The trails are open to hiking, cross-country skiing, and in some locations recreational snowmobiling. The word 'hiking' is understood in all English-speaking countries but there are differences in usage Cross-country skiing (also known as XC skiing) is a Winter sport popular in many countries with large snowfields primarily Northern Europe, A snowmobile (known locally as snowmachine, snowsled or by the Brandname Ski-Doo) is a land vehicle that is commonly propelled by ^[7]

• Chestnut Spring Trail is a 0. 5-mile (0. 8 km) "easy/moderate" trail marked with yellow blazes. It passes by several springs, a collier's hut, and a charcoal hearth as it winds its way up a hollow. Charcoal' is the blackish residue consisting of impure Carbon obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from Animal and Vegetation ^[7]

• Dogtown Trail is a 1-mile (1. 6 km) "easy/moderate" trail marked with blue blazes. The trail is named for the former village of Dogtown, which in turn was named for the dogs that barked at the passing iron ore trains. Dogtown Trail is open for hiking and snowmobiling. The trail begins at the park campground and connects with Brush Ridge Trail. ^[7]

• Fire Tower Loop is a 7-mile (11. 3 km) "moderate/difficult" trail marked with blue blazes on the Greenwood Spur and red blazes on Ruff Gap and Snowmobile Road. This trail loops through the park and passes by the Greenwood Fire Tower on Broad Mountain, house foundations, and charcoal hearths. Greenwood Tower was built in the 1930s by the CCC and is still used by forest rangers to watch for forest fires. ^[7]

• Greenwood Trail is a 0. 5-mile (0. 8 km) "easy/moderate" trail marked with red blazes. This short loop begins near the picnic area at pavilion six and passes through a diversity of trees, ferns and wildflowers. A fern is any one of a group of about 20000 Species of Plants classified in the phylum or division Pteridophyta, also known as Filicophyta ^[7]

• Lakeview Trail is a 0. 25-mile (0. 4 km) "easy/moderate" trail marked with white blazes. It runs along part of the edge of Greenwood Lake. ^[7]

• Monsell Trail is a 1-mile (1. 6 km) "moderate" trail marked with yellow blazes. The trail intersects with Greenwood Trail and links the campground to the Standing Stone Trail. The Standing Stone Trail of Pennsylvania (SST is a 72-mile long main Trail network with side trails located in the Ridge-and-valley Appalachians of Central Monsell Trail passes through a pine plantation left over from the days of the ironworks. ^[7]

• Ore Banks Trail is a 1-mile (1. 6 km) "moderate" trail marked with yellow and red blazes. It shares part of its trails with Chestnut Springs Trail (yellow blazes) and Brush Ridge Trail (red blazes). Ore Banks Trail passes over the top of a ridge with a view of the park and the remnants of Brush Ridge Ore Banks where iron ore was extracted from the ground and transferred to the furnace. The trail then follows the path used by the mule-drawn railroad that transported the iron ore to the furnace. In its common modern meaning a mule is the offspring of a male Donkey and a female Horse, which is classified as a kind of F1 hybrid. ^[7]

• Stone Valley Vista Loop Trail is a 3. 5-mile (5. 6 km) "moderate" trail marked with blue (Turkey Trail) and orange (Standing Stone Trail) blazes. Part of the trail follows a logging slide used during the days of the iron furnace.

• Viantown Trail is a 0. 25-mile (0. 4 km) "moderate" trail marked with yellow blazes. It follows the old wagon road that connected Greenwood Furnace with Viantown and crosses Brush Ridge. ^[7]

Greenwood Furnace State Park is also a trail head for two much longer backpacking trails that pass through the Appalachian Mountains of Pennsylvania. The Appalachian Mountains ( often called the Appalachians, are a vast system of mountains in eastern North America. The Pennsylvania Mid State Trail is a 306 mile (504 km) trail that runs from the Maryland state line to Cowanesque Lake near Lawrenceville, Pennsylvania and connects to the park via the Greenwood Spur. The Mid State Trail of Pennsylvania (MST or PA-MST is a 526 km (327 mile long main Trail network with many side trails located in the Ridge-and-valley Appalachians Lawrenceville is a borough in Tioga County, Pennsylvania, United States. The Standing Stone Trail is a 72-mile (115. The Standing Stone Trail of Pennsylvania (SST is a 72-mile long main Trail network with side trails located in the Ridge-and-valley Appalachians of Central 9 km) backpacking trail that connects the park to the Tuscarora Trail, which in turn connects with the Appalachian Trail. The Tuscarora Trail is a long-distance hiking trail that splits off from the Appalachian Trail in Shenandoah National Park in Virginia, passes through The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply The A ^[7]

Nearby state parks

The following state parks are within 30 miles (48 km) of Greenwood Furnace State Park:^[8][9]

• Bald Eagle State Park (Centre County)
• Big Spring State Park (Perry County)
• Black Moshannon State Park (Centre County)
• Canoe Creek State Park (Blair County)
• Fowlers Hollow State Park (Perry County)
• Penn-Roosevelt State Park (Centre County)
• Poe Paddy State Park (Centre County)
• Poe Valley State Park (Centre County)
• Reeds Gap State Park (Mifflin County)
• Whipple Dam State Park (Huntingdon County)

References

External links

---

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic