| Greenwich Peninsula | |
  Greenwich Peninsula shown within Greater London |
|
| OS grid reference | |
|---|---|
| London borough | Greenwich |
| Ceremonial county | Greater London |
| Region | London |
| Constituent country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | LONDON |
| Postcode district | SE10 |
| Dialling code | 020 |
| Police | Metropolitan |
| Fire | London |
| Ambulance | London |
| European Parliament | London |
| UK Parliament | Greenwich and Woolwich |
| London Assembly | Greenwich and Lewisham |
| List of places: UK • England • London | |
The Greenwich Peninsula, sometimes known as Blackwall Point, is a tongue of land bounded on three sides by a loop of the Thames, between the Isle of Dogs and Silvertown. Greater London is the top-level administrative subdivision covering London, England. The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government The London Borough of Greenwich ( (Greenwich ˈgrɛnɪtʃ is an Inner London borough in south-east London, England. The ceremonial counties are areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant, and are defined by the government as the Counties for the purposes of the Lieutenancies Greater London is the top-level administrative subdivision covering London, England. The region, also known as the government office region, is currently the highest tier of local government sub-national entity of England, with only one Greater London is the top-level administrative subdivision covering London, England. Constituent country is a phrase used often by official institutions in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland This list of sovereign states, alphabetically arranged gives an overview of States around the world with information on the extent of their Sovereignty. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A post town is a required part of all postal addresses in the United Kingdom, and a basic unit of the postal delivery system The London postal district is the area in England, currently of 241 square miles to which mail addressed to the LONDON Post town is delivered UK Postal codes are known as postcodes. UK postcodes are Alphanumeric. The SE (South Eastern postcode area, also known as the London SE postcode area, is the part of the London postal district covering much of south east London The UK Telephone numbering plan, also known as the National Telephone Numbering Plan, is the system used for assigning Telephone numbers in the United There are a number of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom. "Metropolitan Police" redirects here See also Metropolitan police. The fire service in the United Kingdom operates under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and The London Fire Brigade ( LFB) is the statutory The London Ambulance Service NHS Trust (LAS is the largest "free at the point of contact" ambulance service in the world that does not directly charge its patients London is a Constituency of the European Parliament. It currently elects 9 MEPs using the D'Hondt method of Party-list proportional This is a list of the 646 constituencies currently represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, as at the 2005 general election Greenwich and Woolwich is a Constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Greater London is divided into fourteen territorial constituencies for London Assembly elections each returning one member Greenwich and Lewisham is a Constituency represented in the London Assembly. A Gazetteer of place names in the United Kingdom showing each place's County, Unitary authority or council area and its geographical coordinates List of places --> List of cities in the United Kingdom List of towns in England Lists of places This is a partial list of places in London, England See List of places in England for lists of settlements in other counties A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. The Isle of Dogs is a former island in the East End of London that is surrounded on three sides (east south and west by one of the largest Meanders in Silvertown is an industrialised district in the London Borough of Newham, named after Samuel Winkworth Silver's former rubber factory which opened in 1852 and now dominated To the south is the rest of Greenwich, to the south-east is Charlton. Greenwich ( ˈɡrɛnɪtʃ GREN-itch /ˈɡrɛnɪdʒ/ GREN-idge or /ˈɡrɪnɪdʒ/ GRIN-idge is a district in south-east London, Charlton is an area and an electoral ward south-east London, in the London Borough of Greenwich, located between Greenwich and Woolwich
The peninsula lies within the London Borough of Greenwich. The London Borough of Greenwich ( (Greenwich ˈgrɛnɪtʃ is an Inner London borough in south-east London, England. Formerly known as Greenwich Marshes[1], it became known as East Greenwich as it developed in the 19th century, but is often now called North Greenwich due to the naming of the North Greenwich tube station. North Greenwich is a station on London Underground 's Jubilee Line, opened in 1999 This should not be confused with North Greenwich on the Isle of Dogs, at the north side of a former ferry from Greenwich. North Greenwich is a 19th century name for the southern tip of the Isle of Dogs in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. Landmarks include The O2 (previously the Millennium Dome) and the southern end of the Blackwall Tunnel, but the area is being substantially redeveloped. The O2 is a large entertainment district including an indoor arena a music club a cinema an exhibition space piazzas and bars and restaurants built within a large dome-shaped The Millennium Dome, often referred to simply as The Dome, is the original name of a large Dome -shaped building originally used to house The Blackwall Tunnel is a pair of road Tunnels underneath the River Thames in east London, linking the London Borough of Tower Hamlets with the
Contents |
History
The peninsula was drained by Dutch engineers in the 16th century, allowing it to be used as pasture land. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands In the 17th century, Blackwall Point (the northern tip of the peninsula, opposite Blackwall) gained notoriety as a location where pirates' corpses were hung in cages as a deterrent to other would-be pirates. This entry concerns the area of London known as Blackwall For the type of merchant sailing ship first built there and named after it see Blackwall Frigate Piracy is Robbery committed at sea or sometimes on shore without a commission from a sovereign Nation (as distinct from Privateering A gibbet is any of several different devices used in the public execution of criminals and the deterrence of future crime
The peninsula was steadily industrialised from the early 1800s onwards. Greenwich Power Station is an oil and gas (formerly coal-fired power station on the River Thames at Greenwich in south-east London. Early industries included Henry Blakeley's Ordnance Works making heavy guns, with other sites making chemicals, submarine cables, iron boats, iron and steel. [1] Henry Bessemer built a steel works in the early 1860s to supply the London shipbuilding industry, but this closed as a result of the fall in demand due to the financial crisis of 1866. Sir Henry Bessemer ( January 19, 1813 – March 15, 1898) English Engineer and Inventor. [2] Later came oil mills, shipbuilding (for example the 1870 clippers Blackadder and Hallowe'en built by Maudslay), boiler making, manufacture of Portland cement and linoleum (Bessemer's works became the Victoria linoleum works), and the South Metropolitan Gas company's huge East Greenwich Gasworks. A clipper was a very fast Sailing ship of the 19th century that had multiple masts and a Square rig. Hallowe’en was a Clipper ship measuring 2166ft x 352ft x 20 Portland cement is the most common type of Cement in general usage in many parts of the world as it is a basic ingredient of Concrete, mortar, Stucco Linoleum is a Floor covering made from solidified Linseed oil (linoxyn in combination with Wood flour or cork dust over a Burlap or Canvas [3] Early in the 20th century came bronze manufacturers Delta Metals and works making asbestos and 'Molassine Meal' animal feed. [4]
For over 100 years the peninsula was dominated by the gasworks which primarily produced town gas, also known as coal gas. This is a historical article For current information see Syngas. The gasworks grew to 240 acres (97 hectares), the largest in Europe, also producing coke, tar and chemicals as important secondary products. . The site had its own extensive railway system and a large jetty used to import coal and export coke. There were two huge gas holders, of 8. 6 and 12. 2 million ft3 (236,000m3 and 335,000m3). The larger holder, originally the largest in the world, was reduced to 8. 9 million ft3 (245,000m3) following damage by the large Silvertown explosion in 1917, but was still the largest in England when damaged again by a Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb in 1978. The Silvertown explosion occurred in Silvertown in West Ham, Essex (now Greater London) on Friday 19 January 1917 at 18 The Provisional Irish Republican Army (Óglaigh na hÉireann ( IRA; also referred to as the PIRA, the Provos, or by some of its supporters as the Originally manufacturing gas from coal, the plant began to manufacture gas from oil in the 1960s. Its peak production of 400 million ft3 per day (11. 3 million m3) in the mid 1960s is believed to have been the largest of any single site in the world. [5] The discovery of natural gas reserves in the North Sea soon rendered the complex obsolete. Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane, The North Sea is a marginal, Epeiric sea of the Atlantic Ocean on the European Continental shelf.
On the eastern shore was Blackwall Point Power Station, an original station from the 1890s being replaced in the 1950s by a new station which ceased operation about 1981. A large area including the site of the Victoria linoleum works later became the Victoria Deep Water Terminal in 1966, handling container traffic. Containerization (or containerisation) is a system of Intermodal freight transport Cargo Transport using standard ISO containers
At the southern end of the peninsula Enderby's Wharf was occupied by a succession of famous submarine cable companies from 1857 onwards, including Glass Elliot, W T Henley, Telcon, Submarine Cables Ltd, STC, Nortel and Alcatel. William Thomas Henley ( 1814 - 1882) was a pioneer in the manufacture of telegraph cables Nortel Networks Corporation () formerly known as Northern Telecom Limited and sometimes known simply as Nortel, is a multinational Telecommunications Alcatel-Lucent is one of the world's biggest industry players in Telecommunications that provides hardware software and services to Service Providers Enterprises and [6]
The peninsula remained a very remote place from the main part of London until opening of the Blackwall Tunnel in 1897, and had no passenger railway or London Underground service until the opening of North Greenwich tube station on the Jubilee Line in 1999. The Blackwall Tunnel is a pair of road Tunnels underneath the River Thames in east London, linking the London Borough of Tower Hamlets with the The London Underground is a Metro system serving a large part of Greater London and neighbouring areas of Essex, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire North Greenwich is a station on London Underground 's Jubilee Line, opened in 1999 The Jubilee line is a line on the London Underground ("the Tube" in the United Kingdom.
Closure of the gasworks, power station and other industries in the late 20th century left much of the Greenwich Peninsula a barren wasteland, much of it heavily contaminated.
Surviving industrial uses today on the western side of the peninsula, between the river and the A102 Blackwall Tunnel southern approach road include Alcatel, the Tunnel Refiners glucose plant (now part of Tate & Lyle), and two large marine aggregate terminals on the Delta Metals and Victoria Deep Water Terminal sites. East Cross Route (ECR was the designation for the eastern section of Ringway 1, the innermost circuit of the London Ringways network a complex and comprehensive Glucose (Glc a Monosaccharide (or simple Sugar) also known as grape sugar, is an important Carbohydrate in Biology. Tate & Lyle PLC ( is a UK -based multinational agri-processor listed on the London Stock Exchange under the symbol TATE. One of the two gas holders also remains.
Redevelopment since early 1990s
Public and private investment since the early 1990s has brought about some dramatic changes in the Peninsula's topography. The Millennium Dome, often referred to simply as The Dome, is the original name of a large Dome -shaped building originally used to house In 1997 English Partnerships, the national regeneration agency, purchased 121 ha of disused land on the Peninsula. English Partnerships (EP is the national regeneration agency for England, performing a similar role on a national level to that fulfilled by Regional Development Agencies The agency's investment of over £225m has helped to enhance the transport network and create new homes, commercial space and community facilities as well as open up access to parkland along the river.
In addition to the construction of the Millennium Dome, the eastern side of the Peninsula has received an entirely new road infrastructure in anticipation of new developments. New riverside walkways, cycle paths and public artworks were also created. The first phase of Greenwich Millennium Village was and is an expanding extensive residential development, which also included the Millennium Primary School and medical centre, and a nature reserve and associated education centre. The Greenwich Millennium Village (GMV is an innovative mixed-tenure modern Housing estate on an Urban village model in Greenwich in south-east A Holiday Inn hotel was also built nearby, and Greenwich Yacht Club was relocated to a new site east of the Dome. Holiday Inn is a Brand name applied to Hotels within the InterContinental Hotels Group (IHG
Despite being initially sparsely populated, the Peninsula has emerged as a hub for public transport in South East London. It is served by North Greenwich tube station, opened in 1999 as part of the Jubilee Line Extension project. North Greenwich is a station on London Underground 's Jubilee Line, opened in 1999 The Jubilee line extension is the extension of the London Underground Jubilee line from Green Park to Stratford, through south and east London The station is one of the largest on the London Underground network and is co-located with North Greenwich bus station, which acts as a hub for services in the South-East of the capital. The London Underground is a Metro system serving a large part of Greater London and neighbouring areas of Essex, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire
In 2004 outline planning permission was granted for further large-scale redevelopment of the site, including over 10,000 further homes, several million square feet of office space and the conversion of the Millennium Dome into an indoor arena, renamed The O2. Just south of The O2, a new public square has been constructed, adjacent to a large temporary building housing the David Beckham Academy football school. Slightly further south is the Pilot Inn public house, one of the oldest remaining buildings on the Peninsula.
Future development
The south of the peninsula is now being developed into housing (the latest phase in the construction of the Greenwich Millennium Village), and the Dome will be a London 2012 venue. The Greenwich Millennium Village (GMV is an innovative mixed-tenure modern Housing estate on an Urban village model in Greenwich in south-east The redevelopment is meant to be completed in a 28-year time period. While there is much debate about the prospects for commercial regeneration brought about by the reopening of the Dome, the new-found proximity of the Peninsula to Canary Wharf, Silvertown, as well as The City, and central London brought about by the Jubilee Line extension makes continued regeneration as a residential district a likely prospect. Canary Wharf is a large business and shopping development in London, located in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, centred on the old West India Docks Silvertown is an industrialised district in the London Borough of Newham, named after Samuel Winkworth Silver's former rubber factory which opened in 1852 and now dominated For London as a whole see the main article London. The City of London is a geographically The term Central London refers to the districts of London England which are considered closest to the centre The Jubilee line is a line on the London Underground ("the Tube" in the United Kingdom. Urban Renewal (similar to Urban Regeneration in British English) is a controversial U
References
- ^ a b OS 1:2500 map of 1867, Republished as West India Docks 1867, The Godfrey Edition, Alan Godfrey Maps, 1991, Gateshead, ISBN 0-85054-466-1
- ^ Bessemer's autobiography Chapter 21
- ^ OS 1:2500 map of 1894, Republished as West India Docks & Greenwich Marshes 1894, The Godfrey Edition, Alan Godfrey Maps, Gateshead, 2000, ISBN 9781841511948
- ^ OS 1:2500 map of 1914, Republished as West India Docks 1914, The Godfrey Edition, Alan Godfrey Maps, Gateshead, 1991, ISBN 0-85054-444-0
- ^ Carr, R. J. M. (Ed) 1983,Dockland, NELP/GLC, ISBN 0-7168-1611-3
- ^ Green A, 150 Years Of Industry & Enterprise At Enderby's Wharf
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