Citizendia

Green Party of England and Wales
Green Party: Real Progress
Leader Position to be formally created and elected. Caroline Lucas and Derek Wall are Principal Speakers
Founded 1973
Headquarters 1a Waterlow Road
London N19 5NJ
Political Ideology Green politics
Political Position Left-wing
International Affiliation Global Greens
European Affiliation European Green Party
European Parliament Group Greens-EFA
Colours Green
Website http://www.greenparty.org.uk
See also Politics of the UK

Political parties
Elections

The Green Party of England and Wales (GPEW) (Welsh: Plaid Werdd Cymru a Lloegr) is the principal Green political party in England and Wales. Caroline Patricia Lucas (born 9 December 1960 in Malvern Worcestershire) is an English politician Derek Wall is a British politician and former Principal Speaker of the Green Party of England and Wales as well as an environmental and social Principal Speakers were the public spokespersons of the Green Party of England and Wales but have since been replaced in the party by a national Leader and Deputy Leader Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Green politics is a Political ideology which places a high importance on ecological and environmental goals and on achieving these goals through broad-based The Global Greens is a global network of Green parties and political movements The European Green Party (or European Greens or EGP) is the Green Political party at European level. The European Greens European Free Alliance ( The Greens European Free Alliance; Greens EFA; French: Le Groupe Verts Alliance libre européenne Green is a Color, the perception of which is evoked by light having a spectrum dominated by energy with a Wavelength of roughly 520–570- nm. The politics of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland takes place in the framework of a Constitutional monarchy, in which the Monarch is Head This is a list of political parties in the United Kingdom. Brief history and overview Prior to the mid-19th century Politics in the United Kingdom The United Kingdom has five distinct types of Elections UK general elections elections to national/regional parliaments and assemblies elections to the European Parliament Welsh ( cy Cymraeg or cy y Gymraeg, kəmˈrɑːɨɡ and {{IPA|[ə ɡəmˈrɑːɨɡ]}}, is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic Green politics is a Political ideology which places a high importance on ecological and environmental goals and on achieving these goals through broad-based History The Roman occupation of Britain was the first period in which the area of present-day England and Wales was administered as a single unit (with the exception The party is unrepresented in the House of Commons, but did have a life peer within the House of Lords until his death in April 2008. The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords In the United Kingdom, life peers are created members of the Peerage whose titles may not be inherited (those whose titles are inheritable are known as Hereditary The House of Lords is the second house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is also commonly referred to as "the Lords" Members have been elected to the European Parliament, the London Assembly and in local government. The European Parliament ( Europarl or EP) is the only directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU The London Assembly is an elected body part of the Greater London Authority, that scrutinises the activities of the Mayor of London and has the power with a two-thirds Local governments are administrative offices that are smaller than a State.

It is affiliated with the Global Greens and the European Green Party, and has cordial and friendly relations with the Scottish Green Party and the Green Party of Northern Ireland. The Global Greens is a global network of Green parties and political movements The European Green Party (or European Greens or EGP) is the Green Political party at European level. The Scottish Green Party (Pàrtaidh Uaine na h-Alba is the Green party of Scotland. The Green Party in Northern Ireland originated in the early 1980s partly as a result of the Green Movement which was sweeping across Western Europe and partly because of the massive

Contents

History

PEOPLE, 1973–1975

An interview with overpopulation expert Paul R. Ehrlich in Playboy Magazine inspired Tony Whittacker, an ex-Conservative Party activist from Coventry, to convene the 'Club of Thirteen' with his wife Lesley and others. Paul Ralph Ehrlich (born May 29 1932 in Philadelphia Pennsylvania) is a renowned Entomologist specializing in Lepidoptera (butterflies Playboy is an American Men's magazine, founded in Chicago Illinois, by Hugh Hefner and his associates which has grown into Playboy The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Though many in the 'Club' were wary of forming a political party, one of the world's earliest Green parties was formed in Coventry during 1973 as PEOPLE, with the first edition of the Manifesto for a Sustainable Society as its statement of policies, inspired by Blueprint for Survival (published by The Ecologist magazine). Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Manifesto for a Sustainable Society, in its current form is the standing Manifesto of the Green Party of England and Wales. Blueprint for Survival is a 1972 book written by Edward Goldsmith, editor of The Ecologist at the time along with its editorial board The Ecologist is a monthly British Magazine that broadly focuses on promoting an ecological agenda in its news stories opinion and debate The editor of The Ecologist, Edward 'Teddy' Goldsmith, merged his 'Movement for Survival' with PEOPLE. Edward René David ('Teddy' Goldsmith (born 8 November, 1928 in Paris, France) is a Anglo-French Environmentalist and eco-philosopher Goldsmith became the leading member of the new party in the 1970s[1].

Derek Wall, in his history of the Green Party, maintains that the new political movement focused initially on the theme of survival, which shaped the "bleak evolution" of the nascent ecological party during the 1970s. Derek Wall is a British politician and former Principal Speaker of the Green Party of England and Wales as well as an environmental and social Furthermore, the effect of the "revolution of values" during the 1960s would come later. In Wall's eyes, the Party suffered from a lack of media attention and "opposition from many environmentalists", which contrasted the experience of other emerging Green Parties, like Germany's Die Grünen. The Alliance '90/The Greens ( Bündnis 90/Die Grünen) the German Green party, is a Political party in Germany whose regional Nonetheless, PEOPLE invested much of its resources in engaging with the indifferent environmental movement, which Wall calls a "tactical mistake". [1].

Nonetheless, membership rose and the Party contested both 1974 General Elections. In the February 1974 General Election, PEOPLE won 4,576 votes in 7 seats. Results |} Total votes 31321982 All parties are shown The seats won by the Ulster Unionists are compared with those won by Unionist MPs in the 1970 election Following the election, an influx of left-wing activists took PEOPLE in a more left-wing direction, causing something of a split. This affected preparations for the October 1974 General Election, where PEOPLE's average vote fell to just 0. Results |} Total number of votes 29189104 All parties shown Votes summary Seats summary 7%. The Whittackers and many of the founding members left the Party after further internal debates, although, before becoming inactive, Lesley Whittacker suggested changing the name to 'The Ecology Party' in order to gain more recognition as the Party of environmental concern[1].

The Ecology Party, 1975–1985

The Party officially changed its name to the Ecology Party in 1975. The Green Party was a Green Political party in the United Kingdom Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. However, the Party was in danger of collapse. The 1976 and 1977 Local Elections would, nevertheless, improve the fortunes of the re-named Party, which gained three councillors[1].

At the 1977 Party Conference in Birmingham, the Party's first constitution was ratified and Jonathon Porritt was elected to the Ecology Party National Executive Committee (NEC). Jonathon Espie Porritt, CBE (born 6 July 1950) is an English Environmentalist and Writer. Porritt would become the Party's most significant public figure, working, with David Fleming, "to provide the Party with an attractive image and effective organisation". This article is about the English environmental writer David Fleming

With Porritt gaining increasing prominence and an election manifesto called The Real Alternative, the Ecology Party fielded 53 candidates in the 1979 General Election, entitling them to radio and television election broadcasts. Background Callaghan had succeeded Harold Wilson as Labour Prime Minister after the latter's surprise resignation in April 1976 Though many considered this a gamble, the plan, encouraged by Porritt, worked, as the Party received 39,918 votes (an average of 1. 5%) and membership multiplied from around 500 to 5,000 or more. This, Derek Wall notes, meant that the Ecology Party "became the fourth Party in UK politics, ahead of the National Front and Socialist Unity"[1].

Following this electoral success, the Party introduced Annual Spring Conferences to accompany Autumn Conferences, and a process of building up a large policy of document began, culminated in today's Manifesto for a Sustainable Society (which encompasses around 124,520 words[2]). Manifesto for a Sustainable Society, in its current form is the standing Manifesto of the Green Party of England and Wales. At the same time, according to Wall, "the Post-1968 generation" began to join the Party, advocating non-violent direct action as an important element of the Ecology Party vision outside of electoral politics. This manifested itself in an apparent "decentralist faction" who gained ground within the Party, leading to Party Conference stripping the Executive of powers and rejecting the election of a single leader. The new generation was in evidence in the first 'Summer Green Gathering' in July 1980, the action of Ecology Party CND (later Green CND), and the Greenham Common camp. RAF Greenham Common is a former World War II and NATO Cold War airfield located on the border between Greenham and Crookham The Party also became increasingly feminist[1]. Feminism is a discourse that involves various movements theories, and Philosophies which are concerned with the issue of Gender difference, advocate

Due to the recession causing the marginalisation of Green issues, Roy Jenkins leaving the Labour Party to form the Social Democratic Party (SDP), and the inability of the Party to absorb the rapid increase in membership, the early 1980s were extremely tough for the Ecology Party. Roy Harris Jenkins Baron Jenkins of Hillhead OM PC ( 11 November 1920 &ndash 5 January 2003) was a British The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the This is about the UK Social Democratic Party which existed between 1981 and 1988 Nonetheless, the Party were well prepared for the 1983 General Election, spurred on by the success of Die Grünen in Germany. Results The Conservatives won with a majority of 144 seats|} Total votes cast 30661309 The Alliance '90/The Greens ( Bündnis 90/Die Grünen) the German Green party, is a Political party in Germany whose regional In the 1983 election, the Ecology Party stood over 100 candidates and gained 54,299 votes.

Green Party (UK), 1985–1990s

The party formally became the Green Party at the Party Conference in Dover during 1985 after John Abineri, formerly an actor in the BBC series Survivors suggested adding the colour 'Green' to the name to fall in line with other environmental parties in Europe[1]. Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) John Abineri ( 18 May 1928 &ndash 29 June 2000) was an English actor Survivors was a British television series devised by Terry Nation and produced by Terence Dudley at the BBC from 1975 to 1977

In 1986, a new internal dispute arose within the Party. A faction calling itself the 'Party Organisation Working Group' (POWG) proposed constitutional amendments designed to create a streamlined, two-tier structure to govern the internal workings of the Party. Decentralists voted these proposals down. Paul Ekins and Jonathan Tyler, prominent Party activists and leading members of POWG, then formed a semi-covert group called 'Maingreen', whose private comments, on becoming public knowledge, suggested to many that they wished to take control of the Party. Paul Ekins (born 1950 is a prominent British academic in the field of sustainable economics Jonathan Tyler is a Green Party activist and academic Tyler was the Ecology Party 's first Parliamentary candidate in the Walsall North by-election Tyler and Ekins resigned and left the Party but Derek Wall describes how the "wounds" left by the 'Maingreen Affair' lingered on in the heated internal debates of the late 1980s[1]. Derek Wall is a British politician and former Principal Speaker of the Green Party of England and Wales as well as an environmental and social

Meanwhile, the Party gained ground electorally. The 1987 General Election saw the 133 Greens standing for office take 89,753 votes (1. Results |} All parties gaining over 500 votes listed Campaign and policies The Conservatives' campaign emphasized lower taxes a strong economy and defence 3% on average), an improvement on 1983. The next two years would see growing membership and increasing media attention. This coincided with greater concern over the environment following the Chernobyl disaster in 1986 and concern over CFCs. The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear reactor accident in the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in the Soviet Union. The haloalkanes (also known as halogenoalkanes or alkyl halides) are a group of Chemical compounds consisting of Alkanes such as Methane

The Party enjoyed evermore success. The 'Campaign for Real Democracy' launched by the Party allowed it to play a part in the Anti-Poll Tax Campaign. A poll tax, head tax, or capitation is a Tax of a uniform fixed amount per individual (as opposed to a percentage of income The Party's greatest ever success came at 1989 European Elections, where the Green Party won 2,292,695 votes and received 15% of the overall vote. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) The European Parliament ( Europarl or EP) is the only directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU European Elections in Great Britain were then run on a first-past-the-post basis, whilst the three seats in Northern Ireland were elected by single transferable vote, and the party failed to gain any seats. The plurality voting system is a Single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member Single transferable vote (STV is a preferential Voting system designed to minimize Wasted votes and provide Proportional representation According to Derek Wall, the Party would have gained 12 seats if they had been running in other European countries who employed Proportional Representation. Proportional representation (sometimes referred to as full representation or PR is a category of electoral formula aiming at a close match between the percentage of votes Wall explains this "breakthrough" as a combination of the declining popularity of Margaret Thatcher, the reaction to the Poll Tax, Conservative opposition to the European Union, ineffective Labour Party and Liberal Democrat campaigns and a well-prepared Green Party campaign. Derek Wall is a British politician and former Principal Speaker of the Green Party of England and Wales as well as an environmental and social Margaret Hilda Thatcher Baroness Thatcher LG, OM, PC, FRS (born 13 October 1925 The Community Charge, popularly known as the " poll tax " was a system of taxation introduced in replacement of the rates to part fund Local government The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a liberal Political party in the United Kingdom, formed in 1988 by merging the That environmental issues were very prominent in UK politics at the time should also be added to this list. At no time before or since have Green issues been so high on the minds of UK voters as a voting issue. [3]

As a result of this success, Sara Parkin and David Icke rose to prominence in the UK media. Sara Parkin is a former Green Party of England and Wales activist David Vaughan Icke (pronounced /aɪk/ born 29 April 1952 is a British writer and public speaker who has devoted himself since 1990 to researching "who and what is really controlling Parkin especially was in demand as a Green spokeswoman. However, the new media attention was not always handled well by the party as a whole. In the run up to the 1989 party conference, the party attracted criticism for advocating population cuts[4], proposals which were subsequently rejected. Further controversies included Derek Wall's intervention as a maverick 'Green fundamentalist'[5] and rejection of possible alliances to establish PR. [6].

Mainstream political parties were however alarmed by the Green's electoral performance and adopted some 'Green policies' in an attempt to counter the threat[1].

Green Party of England and Wales, 1990–1997

Caroline Lucas giving a keynote speech at the autumn conference of the Green Party of England and Wales, Hove, 2006
Caroline Lucas giving a keynote speech at the autumn conference of the Green Party of England and Wales, Hove, 2006

In the 1990s, the Scottish and Northern Ireland wings of the Green Party in the United Kingdom decided to separate amicably from the party in England and Wales, to form the Scottish Green Party and the Green Party in Northern Ireland. Hove is a town on the south coast of England, immediately to the west of its larger neighbour Brighton, with whom it forms the Unitary authority Brighton The Green Party was a Green Political party in the United Kingdom The Scottish Green Party (Pàrtaidh Uaine na h-Alba is the Green party of Scotland. The Green Party in Northern Ireland originated in the early 1980s partly as a result of the Green Movement which was sweeping across Western Europe and partly because of the massive The Wales Green Party became an autonomous regional party and remained within the new Green Party of England and Wales. The Wales Green Party (WGP Plaid Werdd Cymru is a semi- autonomous regional party within the Green Party of England and Wales (GPEW

In 1991 Green Party spokesman and TV sports presenter David Icke created considerable embarrassment for the Party when he revealed his extreme spiritual beliefs, announcing that he believed himself to be "a son of God", that Britain was about to suffer apopolyptic earthquakes and tidal waves and that Armageddon was approaching. David Vaughan Icke (pronounced /aɪk/ born 29 April 1952 is a British writer and public speaker who has devoted himself since 1990 to researching "who and what is really controlling In Christian mythology Armageddon ( Greek Αρμαγεδδων; also spelled Har-Magedon in some modern English translations also known as [7] Many believe that he suffered from some form of mental illness that led to his espousal of such theories. He would subsequently be forced to leave the Party. [1]

Internal divisions over the direction of the party in the early 1990s also meant that the Green Party fell out of the limelight and failed to maintain its electoral momentum. In 1991, attempts to streamline the Party Constitution were proposed by a group called 'Green 2000', who wanted to 'modernise' the Party and make it into an organised electoral force that could become the ruling party in the UK by the year 2000. Green 2000 was a movement to streamline the constitutional arrangements of the Green Party of England and Wales in the early 1990s with the stated aim of getting a green government After the Green 2000 Constitution was adopted, a new Executive came into force to oversee the day-to-day business of the Party. Many Green 2000 members were elected to the new Executive in 1991 but, by 1992, only two remained, with the others resigning or being recalled and forced to quit. These internal constitutional wranglings, and negative public statements released by supporters of both Green 2000 and decentralists who ran the recall campaigns, seriously hampered preparations for the 1992 General Election, in which 253 Green candidates received 1. Results |} The turnout was 33514074 from an Electorate of 43275316 voting in a total of 651 seats 3% of the vote[1]. Parkin and Porritt left active involvement with the party, depriving it of two of its most charismatic and ambitious figures.

Since 1992, the Greens have been relatively free of any factionalism[1]. Nonetheless, the early and mid 1990s were difficult for the Greens, because of Britain's first-past-the-post electoral system, the recession of 1992-3 and the squeeze caused by the rising popularity of New Labour. The plurality voting system is a Single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Nevertheless, the party gained a handful of local councillors in Stroud and Oxford

1997–present

The election of a Labour government in 1997 paradoxically created new opportunities and focus for the Green Party. Oxford is currently bidding for the 2010 Wikimania Conference Oxford () is a city, and the County town of Oxfordshire, New democratic institutions were created that offered electoral possibilities for the Greens, such as the London Assembly and Welsh Assembly (and for the independent Scottish Green Party, the Scottish Parliament) all of which use some form of proportional representation, allowing smaller parties the chance of gaining representation. The London Assembly is an elected body part of the Greater London Authority, that scrutinises the activities of the Mayor of London and has the power with a two-thirds The National Assembly for Wales (Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru is a devolved assembly with power to make legislation in Wales. The Scottish Green Party (Pàrtaidh Uaine na h-Alba is the Green party of Scotland. The Scottish Parliament ( Scottish Gaelic: Pàrlamaid na h-Alba; Scots: Scottish Pairlament) is the devlolved national unicameral Proportional representation (sometimes referred to as full representation or PR is a category of electoral formula aiming at a close match between the percentage of votes Labour also changed European Parliamentary elections to a form of proportional representation.

Combined with gradual council gains, the party has quietly gained successes.

In the 1999 European elections, two Greens were elected Members of the European Parliament (MEPs), Dr Caroline Lucas (South East England)[8] and Jean Lambert (London)[9]. A Member of the European Parliament ( English abbreviation MEP) is a member of the European Union 's legislative body the European Parliament. Caroline Patricia Lucas (born 9 December 1960 in Malvern Worcestershire) is an English politician South East England is a Constituency of the European Parliament. Jean Lambert (born 1 June 1950 in Orsett, Essex) is an English politician and Member of the European Parliament for London is a Constituency of the European Parliament. It currently elects 9 MEPs using the D'Hondt method of Party-list proportional They retained their seats in the 2004 European elections, despite a reduction in number of seats available. England Scotland and Wales Turnout for all the regions was 37 Overall, the Party gained 1,033,093 votes in the 2004 European election[10].

However the Greens have not yet managed to breakthrough into other European electoral regions or the Welsh Assembly. The National Assembly for Wales (Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru is a devolved assembly with power to make legislation in Wales. Three Greens were elected to the first London Assembly. The London Assembly is an elected body part of the Greater London Authority, that scrutinises the activities of the Mayor of London and has the power with a two-thirds It currently has two Green Party members out of 25. These are Cllr. Darren Johnson AM, and Cllr. Darren Paul Johnson (born in 1966 in Southport, Lancashire) is an English politician and prominent member of the Green Party of England and Wales Jenny Jones AM. Jenny Jones AM is an English politician and prominent member of the Green Party of England and Wales.

The Green Party achieved its highest ever UK General Election result in the 2005 General Election with a total of 281,780 votes. Results Overview For events leading up to the date of the election see article Pre-election day events of the United Kingdom general During the 2005 General Election, Cllr. Keith Taylor received 22% in Brighton Pavilion. Keith Taylor is the name of Keith Taylor (British politician (b Brighton Pavilion is a Constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

The Party has 116 local councillors after a gain of 5 councillors during the 2008 local elections. Local government in the United Kingdom is arranged into four different systems with one each for England Northern Ireland Scotland and Wales The 2008 United Kingdom local elections were held on May 1, 2008. The Greens have significant representation on Brighton & Hove City Council, Lancaster City Council, Norwich, Lewisham, Oxford City Council, Oxfordshire County Council, Kirklees Council and Stroud District Council. Council and directorates The leader of the council is Conservative Mary Mears The City of Lancaster (2002 population 133914 is a local government district with city status in Lancashire, England. History Roman The Romans had their regional capital at Venta Icenorum on the river to the south which is near modern-day Caistor St Edmund The London Borough of Lewisham ( is a London borough in south-east London, England and forms part of Inner London. Oxford is currently bidding for the 2010 Wikimania Conference Oxford () is a city, and the County town of Oxfordshire, History See also History of Oxfordshire The county of Oxfordshire was formed in the early years of the 10th century and is broadly situated in the Kirklees is a Metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England. The Green Party are the official opposition on Norwich City Council, form part of the ruling coalition that controls Lancaster City Council alongside the Liberal Democrats and Labour, and Castle Morpeth Council as part of an all party administration. The City of Lancaster (2002 population 133914 is a local government district with city status in Lancashire, England. The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a liberal Political party in the United Kingdom, formed in 1988 by merging the The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Castle Morpeth is a local government district and Borough in Northumberland, England.

The Green Party of England and Wales had one member of the (unelected) House of Lords, the Upper Chamber of Parliament, Lord Beaumont of Whitley,[10] who died in 2008. The House of Lords is the second house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is also commonly referred to as "the Lords" Timothy Wentworth Beaumont Baron Beaumont of Whitley ( 22 November 1928 - 8 April 2008) was a United Kingdom politician and an

According to MORI, Green issues are currently rated as importantly as during the Green Party's last high point in the late 1980s. [3] The party currently has record local candidate numbers[11] and high electoral support. [12]

Policy

The Green Party was founded to counter what they see as the threats to the environment and that remains its main focus. Like other parties, it produces a new manifesto for each election, but it also maintains a long-term strategy known as the Manifesto for a Sustainable Society (MfSS). Manifesto for a Sustainable Society, in its current form is the standing Manifesto of the Green Party of England and Wales. This document contains the Philosophical Basis and a statement of the Core Values of the Green Party, as well as its detailed policies on a range of issues. The document is around 124,520 words long[2]. However, it is not very widely read and contains several policies that are much more radical than anything that other parties in Britain propose[13].

Animal welfare, farming and food

The Green Party is opposed to all animal experiments and believes in replacing them with non-animal alternatives. Animal testing or animal research is the use of non-human Animals in scientific experimentation. It also wants to end factory farming. Factory farming is the practice of raising Farm animals in confinement at high stocking density where a farm operates as a Factory &mdash a practice typical in The Party seeks to ban live exports, genetic manipulation, patenting of animals, bloodsports, badger-baiting, circuses, zoos and fur products[2]. Over a billion living farm animals around the world are exported to different countries or states every week travelling hundreds of miles from Farms to Slaughterhouses Genetic engineering, Recombinant DNA technology, genetic modification/manipulation (GM and gene splicing are terms that apply to the direct A biological patent is a Patent relating to an Invention or discovery in Biology. Bloodsport or blood sport is any Sport or Entertainment that involves violence against animals Badger-baiting is a Blood sport involving the baiting of Badgers Background The badger is a usually quiet and docile creature in its own A circus is most commonly a traveling company of performers that may include acrobats, Clowns trained animals trapeze acts Hoopers, tightrope walkers A zoological garden, shortened to zoo, is an institution in which living animals are exhibited in captivity Fur clothing is Clothing made entirely of or partially of the Fur of animals

They support the subsidisation of organic farming in small free-range units and want to phase out all forms of intensive farming, including fish farms. Organic farming is a form of agriculture that relies on Crop rotation, Green manure, Compost, Biological pest control, and mechanical Cultivation Free range is a method of Farming Husbandry where the Animals are allowed to roam freely instead of being contained in any manner Intensive farming or intensive agriculture is an Agricultural production system characterized by the high Inputs of Capital, Fertilizers Fish farming is the principal form of Aquaculture, while other methods may fall under Mariculture. The Party are against the production and importation of genetically-modified (GM) foods. Genetically modified (GM foods are food items that have had their DNA changed through Genetic engineering. They support Fair Trade over free trade. Fair trade is an organized Social movement and market-based approach to empowering developing country producers and promoting sustainability Free trade is a system in which the trade of goods and services between or within countries flows unhindered by government-imposed restrictions The Party encourages a reduction in the consumption of meat and promotes "more healthy and humane" foods[2].

Climate change

The Green Party have a twelve-point plan to deal with climate change. Climate change is any long-term significant change in the “average weather” that a given region experiences It supports the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol but does not see that as anything more than a first step. The Kyoto Protocol is a protocol to the international Framework Convention on Climate Change with the objective of reducing Greenhouse gases in an effort It is strongly behind the 'Contraction and Convergence' model as a method of reducing carbon emissions. Contraction and Convergence (C&C is a proposed global framework for reducing Greenhouse gas emissions to combat Climate change. Within Britain it supports tradable carbon quotas. Emissions trading (or emission trading) is an administrative approach used to control Pollution by providing economic Incentives for A proportion of the quotas would be distributed on a per head basis. The remainder would be sold to firms and organizations. The quotas would be reduced on a year by year basis in line with the 'Contraction and Convergence' model[14].

The party have set a goal of 90% carbon dioxide emissions reductions by 2050. They believe in scrapping the national roadbuilding programme and investing the estimated £30bn from the programme in green transport. They wish to end the £9bn annual tax break to the aviation industry by 2010 and pass the Air Traffic Emissions Reduction Bill, aiming for 50% CO2 reductions in aviation by 2050. The Party are strictly against the use of nuclear energy because they believe it is too expensive, too much of security risk and that it uses huge amounts of carbon dioxide in the extraction and production process, and is therefore an unsuitable response to climate change[2]. Nuclear Energy is released by the splitting (fission or merging together (fusion of the nuclei of Atom (s Climate change is any long-term significant change in the “average weather” that a given region experiences

Drugs

Green Party states that "the prohibition of drugs doesn't work". They support the legalisation of the possession, trade and cultivation of Cannabis. Cannabis ( Cán-na-bis) is a Genus of Flowering plants that includes three putative species Cannabis sativa subsp Furthermore, the Party would decriminalise small-scale possession of recreational drugs like ecstasy and gradually move towards the legalisation of all recreational drugs. Recreational drug use is the use of Psychoactive drugs for Recreational purposes rather than for work, medical or spiritual purposes MDMA ( 34-methylenedioxy- N -methylamphetamine) most commonly known today by the street name Ecstasy (often abbreviated E, X, It hopes that this would "take the drug trade out of criminal control and place it within a regulated and controlled legal environment"[2]. The Party has run a Green Party Drugs Group Website to promote research into ending addiction and safe use of recreational drugs[15]. In addition, the Party want to ban advertising or sponsorship by alcohol and tobacco firms[2].

Economy

Like many Green parties, the Green Party of England and Wales does not consider economic growth to be the only or the best indicator of progress, as it believes that endless growth is incompatible with a planet of finite resources. Economic growth is the increase in the amount of the goods and services produced by an economy over time They are against mass consumption and destructive consumer lifestyles and hope to encourage an economy that is built on sustainability and long-term use[13]. Sustainability, in a general sense is the capacity to maintain a certain process or state indefinitely

The Party supports economic localisation on grounds of environmental concern, social justice and democracy, as detailed in Green Alternatives to Globalisation: A Manifesto, the book by Dr. Caroline Lucas, MEP, and the late Dr. Caroline Patricia Lucas (born 9 December 1960 in Malvern Worcestershire) is an English politician Mike Woodin, two former Principal Speakers of the party. Cllr Dr Michael Edward Woodin ( 6 November[[ 965]] - 8 July[[ 004]] was the Principal Speaker of the Green Party of England and Principal Speakers were the public spokespersons of the Green Party of England and Wales but have since been replaced in the party by a national Leader and Deputy Leader This includes helping local businesses through subsidies and import tariffs, "democratisation" of the banking system with the creation of a "network of publicly owned community banks", and encouragement of informal economies in local areas. [13]

The Green Party seek to address the 'Poverty Trap' by introducing a "Citizen’s Income" (also known as a Citizen's Dividend and similar to the Basic Income), an unconditional, non means-tested, weekly payment made to every citizen whether they are working or not. Citizen's dividend or citizen's income is a proposed state policy based upon the principle that the natural world is the common property of all persons (see Georgism A basic income is a proposed system of Social security, that periodically provides each citizen with a sum of money that is sufficient to live on This would replace benefits such as Job Seeker’s Allowance, as well as replacing personal tax-free allowances. The Party hope that this would ensure that people can take a job and come off benefits without falling into the Poverty Trap, and make working part-time or becoming self-employed easier by eliminating the Poverty Trap. Clive Lord, a member of the Green Party of England and Wales, published A Citizen's Income, a book that sets out how to fund the Citizen's Income with an increase to the top bracket of Income Tax. Lord suggests that the Citizen's Income is a means by which to achieve prosperity within a zero-growth economy[16].

On taxation, the Green Party believe in increasing the top rate of Income Tax to make the system more redistributive. It is in favour of a more progressive system of corporation tax to encourage small businesses over large corporations. Corporate tax refers to a Tax levied by various jurisdictions on the Profits made by companies or associations. They support eco-taxes, such as those on packaging and carbon emissions, along the lines of the 'polluter pays' principle. Ecotax, short for Ecological taxation, can refer to A policy that introduces taxes intended to promote ecologically sustainable activities via economic incentives The Polluter Pays Principle is a principle in Environmental law where the polluting party pays for the damage done to the Natural environment. Also, the Party wants an increase in trade union rights and the renationalisation of the railways and other public utilities. A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming Nationalization, also spelled nationalisation, is the act of taking an industry or assets into the Public ownership of a national government

Europe

The party is moderately Eurosceptic and supports UK membership of the European Union subject to democratic reform. Euroscepticism Euro (disambiguation --> has become a general term for opposition to the process The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in It opposes the euro on economic localisation and democracy grounds, and was also against the proposed EU constitution for similar reasons. Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e The Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe (TCE commonly referred to as the European Constitution, was an unimplemented international Treaty intended It favours the disbandment of NATO, and its replacement by a well-resourced OSCE[13]. The North Atlantic Treaty

Government

The Green Party wants "to modernise and decentralise" the current governmental system in England and Wales. It wants to end the place of the monarchy in the British constitution and replace the House of Lords with an elected second chamber [17]. A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or The House of Lords is the second house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is also commonly referred to as "the Lords" The party supports elected Regional Assemblies in England and the creation of more Parish and Community Councils. A Parish council is a unit of Local government in Great Britain. On issues of voting, the Green Party is campaigning to introduce Proportional Representation (specifically the Additional Member System (AMS) used in Welsh Assembly and Scottish Parliament elections) and reduce the voting age to 16[2]. Proportional representation (sometimes referred to as full representation or PR is a category of electoral formula aiming at a close match between the percentage of votes The Additional Member System (AMS is a branch of Voting systems in which some representatives are elected from geographic constituencies and others are elected under The National Assembly for Wales (Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru is a devolved assembly with power to make legislation in Wales. The Scottish Parliament ( Scottish Gaelic: Pàrlamaid na h-Alba; Scots: Scottish Pairlament) is the devlolved national unicameral

It is usually to be found on the civil liberties side of the liberties versus security debate and opposes the national ID cards and New Labour's anti-terror legislation. The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the It is strongly opposed to measures like the Legislative and Regulatory Reform Act[13]. The Legislative and Regulatory Reform Act 2006 (c 51 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom enacted in 2006 to replace the Regulatory Reform Act

International issues

The Green Party would increase funding to and reform the United Nations by abolishing the right of veto and democratising the UN Security Council. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security They would ban arms exports and the use of depleted Uranium-tipped shells. The arms industry is a global Industry and Business which Manufactures and sells Weapons and Military technology and equipment. Regarding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the Party believes in boycotting Israel until it complies with the 80 UN resolutions it is defying, whilst urging Palestinians "not to perpetuate the cycle of violence"[2]. A United Nations Security Council Resolution is a United Nations resolution voted on by the fifteen members of the United Nations Security Council; the United

The party opposed the Iraq War, both prior to, during, and after the invasion. The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, or the War in Iraq, is an ongoing Military campaign It has claimed that it did so "on principle", criticising the Liberal Democrats for "only opposing the war because no second UN Resolution was obtained". The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a liberal Political party in the United Kingdom, formed in 1988 by merging the It has in turn been criticised for either attempting to manufacture a spurious distinction in policy for electoral purposes, or for adopting a position which is essentially pacifist in nature[13]. Previously, the party had opposed the Kosovo War[18] - a rare stance in Britain. The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts in Kosovo: 1996–1999 Although they supported "self-determination" for the Kosovo Albanians, they did not support independence for Kosovo, and stated that the media had ignored the crimes of the Kosovo Liberation Army. The Kosovo Liberation Army or KLA ( Albanian: Ushtria Çlirimtare e Kosovës or UÇK) was a Kosovar Albanian guerilla group which sought

The Green Party supports the right to asylum and "seeks to change negative attitudes and stereotypes associated with refugees". The party concentrates on the causes of immigration, aiming "to alleviate problems caused by war, the arms trade, environmental devastation, past colonial actions and human rights abuses"[2].

Organisation

The Green Party meets to vote on issues of organisation and policy at bi-annual Party Conferences (the Spring Conference and Autumn Conference). It is bound by a Constitution, which can only be amended by a two-thirds majority vote at one of these Conferences; policy motions need only a simple majority (more than 50%).

Leadership and Principal Speakers

Main article: Principal Speakers

The Green Party has in the past consciously chosen not to have a single leader for ideological reasons; its organisation provided for two Principal Speakers, a Male and Female Principal Speaker, who sit but do not vote on the party's Executive (GPEx). Principal Speakers were the public spokespersons of the Green Party of England and Wales but have since been replaced in the party by a national Leader and Deputy Leader Principal Speakers were the public spokespersons of the Green Party of England and Wales but have since been replaced in the party by a national Leader and Deputy Leader Principal Speakers were the public spokespersons of the Green Party of England and Wales but have since been replaced in the party by a national Leader and Deputy Leader However, a referendum of the party membership in 2007 on the question of creating a Leader and Deputy Leader (or, if candidates choose to run together and are gender balanced, Co-Leaders without a Deputy Leader), who would be elected every two years (instead of annually) and able to vote on GPEx, passed by 73%[19].

The current Principal Speakers are Dr Caroline Lucas MEP (who succeeded Siân Berry in October 2007)[20], and Dr Derek Wall, who succeeded Keith Taylor, a councillor in Brighton & Hove, in November 2006 (Taylor had been elected in 2004 after the death of Dr. Principal Speakers were the public spokespersons of the Green Party of England and Wales but have since been replaced in the party by a national Leader and Deputy Leader Caroline Patricia Lucas (born 9 December 1960 in Malvern Worcestershire) is an English politician Siân Berry (born 9 July 1974 in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire) is an English politician and member of the Green Party of England Derek Wall is a British politician and former Principal Speaker of the Green Party of England and Wales as well as an environmental and social Keith Taylor is the name of Keith Taylor (British politician (b Council and directorates The leader of the council is Conservative Mary Mears Keith Taylor is the name of Keith Taylor (British politician (b "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Mike Woodin)[21]. Cllr Dr Michael Edward Woodin ( 6 November[[ 965]] - 8 July[[ 004]] was the Principal Speaker of the Green Party of England and They will continue to sit as Principal Speakers until the new Leader and Deputy Leader (or Co-Leaders) are elected in the Autumn of 2008.

Green Party conference, 2004
Green Party conference, 2004

Executive

The national Green Party Executive (GPEx)[10] is comprised of the following positions:

Green Party of England and Wales Executive (GPEx)
Chair Cllr. Richard Mallender
Campaigns Co-ordinator Jonathan Essex
Elections Co-ordinator Sarah Birch
External Communications Officer Jim Killock
Finance Co-ordinator Khalid Hussenbux
Internal Communications Natalie Bennett
International Co-ordinator Joseph Healy
Local Party Support Co-ordinator Jon Lucas
Management Co-ordinator Pete McAskie and Tony Cooper (as job share)
Policy Development Co-ordinator Brian Heatley
Publications Co-ordinator Chris Haine
Principal Speaker (Female) Caroline Lucas
Principal Speaker (Male) Derek Wall

For the purposes of its registration with the Electoral Commission, the party designates the Chair of the Executive as the "leader". Caroline Patricia Lucas (born 9 December 1960 in Malvern Worcestershire) is an English politician Derek Wall is a British politician and former Principal Speaker of the Green Party of England and Wales as well as an environmental and social This is currently Cllr. Richard Mallender, also a councillor in Rushcliffe, Nottinghamshire. Rushcliffe is a local government district with Borough status in Nottinghamshire, England. The previous Chair was Hugo Charlton (2003 to 2005), who was removed from the post after nominating himself for a House of Lords peerage on behalf of the party without following the party's agreed selection procedure [22]. The House of Lords is the second house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is also commonly referred to as "the Lords" Subsequently Cllr. Jenny Jones, AM, was elected to be the party's nominee in the event of the party again being asked, but this was too late for the current round. Jenny Jones AM is an English politician and prominent member of the Green Party of England and Wales.

GPEx positions are elected annually by a postal ballot of all party members or by a vote at Conference (depending on the number of candidates). To become a member of the Executive, the candidate must have been a member of the party for at least two years (or if the candidate has been a member for one complete year preceding the date of close of nominations, their nomination will be allowed if it is supported by a majority of Green Party Regional Council (GPRC) members in attendance at a quorate official GPRC meeting).

Members of GPEx are individually responsible for every action taken within their area of responsibility (except decisions taken collectively within GPEx itself). The Female and Male Principal Speakers are non-voting members of the Executive. Principal Speakers were the public spokespersons of the Green Party of England and Wales but have since been replaced in the party by a national Leader and Deputy Leader GPEx meets at least once every six weeks, and whenever a meeting is necessary.

The Executive has the power to create committees and posts "it considers necessary for the efficient conduct of its business". It appoints a Panel of Speakers as spokespeople for policy areas, a Treasurer and the National Election Agent. GPEx is responsible for implementing the decisions made at Conferences, and controlling expenditure and fundraising.

From Autumn of 2008, Green Party Members will elect an Equality and Diversity Co-ordinator.

Regional Council

The Green Party Regional Council (GPRC) is a body that coordinates discussions between Regional Green Parties. It supports the Executive (GPEx) and is responsible for interim policy statements between Conferences and enforcing constitutional procedures[23].

Each Regional Green Party elects two members by postal ballot to be sent to the GPRC. These delegates' terms last two years before re-election. GPRC meets at least four times a year. The Council elects Male and Female Co-Chairs and a Secretary. GPEx members are often required to give reports on their area of responsibility to the GPRC; the GPRC also has the power to recall any member of GPEx (by a two-thirds majority vote), who is then suspended until a re-election for the post is held; similarly, if GPEx suspends one of its own members, GPRC has the authority to decide whether that member should be reinstated or not (again, by a two-thirds majority vote)[23].

Conferences

The Green Party of England and Wales holds a Spring and Autumn Conference every year. Conferences are governed by the Constitution and Standing Orders, and feature votes on policy and organisational matters. The Autumn Conference is the party's "supreme forum", with elections to GPEx, committees and other bodies; the Conference held in the Spring, although having the same powers as the Autumn Conference on policy and organisational votes, only holds elections for vacant posts and can have its priorities decided by the preceding Autumn Conference. The conference itself is organised by Conferences Committee, but the Standing Order Committee (SOC) is responsible for interpreting the Constitution and arranging the order of business. [23].

The Green Party Conference features fringes, talks and plenary sessions. The agenda for plenary sessions is usually[23]:

Policy making within the GPEW is a long process that involves consultation with various bodies and individuals. Manifesto for a Sustainable Society, in its current form is the standing Manifesto of the Green Party of England and Wales. The party has released leaflets and books on how to properly amend policy[23].

The Constitution

The Constitution of the Green Party of England and Wales governs all of the party's activities, from the selection of election candidates by local parties, to nominations for the House of Lords, to the conduct of GPEx and so on. The House of Lords is the second house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is also commonly referred to as "the Lords" The Constitution stresses "openness, accountability and confidentiality" in its decision-making guidelines. It can be amended only by a two-thirds majority vote at a Conference or by a two thirds majority in ballot of the membership[23].

Status of the Wales Green Party

Main article: Wales Green Party

Unlike any other regional party within the Green Party, the Wales Green Party (WGP) (Plaid Werdd Cymru in Welsh) is a "semi-autonomous regional party" within the GPEW. The Wales Green Party (WGP Plaid Werdd Cymru is a semi- autonomous regional party within the Green Party of England and Wales (GPEW It has greater control over its finances, and produces its own manifesto and newsletters. Wales Green Party members are automatically members of the Green Party of England and Wales.

Also differently from the full party, the Wales Green Party (and the North West region of England) elects a Principal Speaker who may refer to themselves as the 'Leader' of the Wales Green Party, although, like the Green Party's Principal Speakers, they have no powers of leadership. Principal Speakers were the public spokespersons of the Green Party of England and Wales but have since been replaced in the party by a national Leader and Deputy Leader The current leader of the Wales Green Party is Ann Were[24].

Young Greens

Main article: Young Greens of England and Wales

The youth wing of the Green Party, the Young Greens (of England and Wales), have developed independently from around 2002. The Young Greens ( of England and Wales) ] YG ( EW)] is the official youth wing of the Green Party of England and Wales (GPEW The Young Greens have their own Constitution, National Committee, campaigns and meetings, and have become an active presence at Green Party Conferences and election campaigns. There are now many Young Greens groups on UK university, college and higher education institution campuses. Several Green Party Councillors are Young Greens, as are some members of GPEx and other internal party organs[25].

Membership and finances

According to 2006 accounts filed with the Electoral Commission it had a membership of 7,019 (a decrease of 91 on the previous year) at year-end and had an income of £426,445 with expenditure of £278,415[26].

Groups within the Party

Several groups are active within the party. These include groups designed to address certain areas of policy or representation, including a Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Group[27], a Trade Union Group, a Drugs Group (on drugs policy and research)[15] and others. LGBT (also GLBT) is an initialism referring collectively to Lesbian, Gay, bisexual, and Transgender / transsexual The centrist faction known as Green 2000 sought to achieve a Green Party government by the year 2000; the group fell apart in the early 1990s. In Politics, centrism usually refers to the political ideal of promoting Moderate policies which land in the middle ground between different political extremes Green 2000 was a movement to streamline the constitutional arrangements of the Green Party of England and Wales in the early 1990s with the stated aim of getting a green government Green Left represent anti-capitalists and eco-socialists in the party who want to engage with the broader Left in the UK and attract Left-wing activists to the Green Party[28]. Green Left is an anti-capitalist and eco-socialist grouping within the Green Party of England and Wales. Anti-capitalism describes a wide variety of movements ideas and attitudes which oppose Capitalism. Eco-socialism, Green socialism or Socialist ecology is an Ideology merging aspects of Marxism, Socialism, Green politics


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References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Wall, Derek, Weaving a Bower Against Endless Night: An Illustrated History of the Green Party, 1994
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Young Greens (youth section of the Green Party of England and Wales) Policy Website
  3. ^ a b [1]MORI Polling Trends data
  4. ^ 'Greens propose 20 million cut in population', The Guardian, 18 September 1989
  5. ^ 'Triumph for Fundies hits Green Party', Daily Mail, 21 September 1989
  6. ^ 'Parkin is defeated over pre-election pact to achieve PR
  7. ^ Ronson, Jon. Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions Green politics is a Political ideology which places a high importance on ecological and environmental goals and on achieving these goals through broad-based Green politics is a Political ideology which places a high importance on ecological and environmental goals and on achieving these goals through broad-based A Green party' or ecologist party is a formally organized Political party based on the principles of Green politics. This list of Green topics includes people parties organizations and ideas associated with Green politics. Bright green environmentalism is an ideology based on the belief that New technologies and Social innovation provide the most successful path to Sustainable development Deep ecology is a recent branch of ecological Philosophy ( Ecosophy) that considers Humankind an integral part of its environment. Ecofeminism is a social and political movement which attempts to unite Environmentalism and Feminism, with some currents linking Deep ecology and Eco-socialism, Green socialism or Socialist ecology is an Ideology merging aspects of Marxism, Socialism, Green politics Green anarchism is a school of thought within Anarchism which puts an emphasis on Environmental issues. Green conservatism is a term used to refer to conservatives who have incorporated green concerns into their Ideology. Green liberalism is a term used to refer to liberals who have incorporated green concerns into their Ideology. Green libertarianism is a Political philosophy that has developed in the United States. Green syndicalism has been used as a name for the philosophy of the green guild or sustainable trades movement Social Ecology is a philosophy developed by French geographer and anarchist Élisée Reclus and revived by Murray Bookchin in the 1960s The Global Greens is a global network of Green parties and political movements The Global Young Greens (GYG is an emerging global organisation supporting and consolidating the efforts of young people working towards Social justice, Ecological sustainability The Federation of Green Parties of Africa is the organization of Green parties in Africa, similar to other continental Green Party groupings like in the Americas The Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas is the organization of Green parties in North America and South America. The Asia-Pacific Green Network is a federation of national Green parties in countries in the Pacific Ocean and Asia, and is a member of the Global Greens The European Green Party (or European Greens or EGP) is the Green Political party at European level. The Federation of Young European Greens AISBL is a federation of green youth organisations from all over Europe (both EU and non-EU The Four Pillars of the Green Party are a foundational statement of Green politics and form the basis of many Worldwide Green parties. The term ecological Wisdom, or Ecosophy, is a philosophy of ecological harmony or equilibrium Social justice, sometimes called civil justice, refers to the concept of a Society in which Justice is achieved in every aspect of society rather than Grassroots democracy is a tendency towards designing political processes where as much decision-making authority as practical is shifted to the organization's lowest geographic Nonviolence is a philosophy and strategy for social change that rejects the use of physical Violence. "David Icke, the Lizards, and the Jews" (video), Channel 4 Television, retrieved May 22, 2006
  8. ^ Dr. Caroline Lucas MEP's Website
  9. ^ Jean Lambert MEP's Website
  10. ^ a b c Green Party Website
  11. ^ Big challenge from small parties, BBC News website
  12. ^ The Green Party launch local election campaign from Millbank, Green Party website
  13. ^ a b c d e f Green Party of England and Wales Policy Website
  14. ^ Green Party of England and Wales Policy Website: Climate Change Section of the Manifesto for a Sustainable Society (MfSS)
  15. ^ a b Green Party Drugs Group Website
  16. ^ Lord, C. , A Citizen's Income, 2003
  17. ^ Green Party. Government and Democracy: Politics for People (pdf).
  18. ^ Spencer Fitz-Gibbon, Green Party Executive (Feb 2003). Bombing of Yugoslavia 1999.
  19. ^ BBC NEWS | Politics | Greens vote to have single leader
  20. ^ Greens elect new spokeswoman | Politics | guardian.co.uk
  21. ^ Green Party Website Press Release 24th November 2006 - Siân Berry and Dr. Derek Wall elected as Principal Speakers
  22. ^ Independent on Sunday Article
  23. ^ a b c d e f Green Party Constitution (only available to party members from the Members' Website or the Policy Coordinator
  24. ^ Wales Green Party Website
  25. ^ Young Greens Website
  26. ^ Green Party Report to the Electoral Commission 2005 (PDF File)
  27. ^ Green Party LGBT Group Website
  28. ^ Green Left Website

See also

Subdivisions:

Related organisations:

External links

The politics of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland takes place in the framework of a Constitutional monarchy, in which the Monarch is Head Manifesto for a Sustainable Society, in its current form is the standing Manifesto of the Green Party of England and Wales. Principal Speakers were the public spokespersons of the Green Party of England and Wales but have since been replaced in the party by a national Leader and Deputy Leader The Young Greens ( of England and Wales) ] YG ( EW)] is the official youth wing of the Green Party of England and Wales (GPEW The Wales Green Party (WGP Plaid Werdd Cymru is a semi- autonomous regional party within the Green Party of England and Wales (GPEW Green Left is an anti-capitalist and eco-socialist grouping within the Green Party of England and Wales. The Young Greens ( of England and Wales) ] YG ( EW)] is the official youth wing of the Green Party of England and Wales (GPEW Green 2000 was a movement to streamline the constitutional arrangements of the Green Party of England and Wales in the early 1990s with the stated aim of getting a green government The European Green Party (or European Greens or EGP) is the Green Political party at European level. The Scottish Green Party (Pàrtaidh Uaine na h-Alba is the Green party of Scotland. The Green Party in Northern Ireland originated in the early 1980s partly as a result of the Green Movement which was sweeping across Western Europe and partly because of the massive
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