| Green Crag | |
|---|---|
| Elevation | 489 m (1,604 ft) |
| Location | Cumbria,  England |
| Range | Lake District, Southern Fells |
| Prominence | c 145 m |
| Parent peak | Harter Fell |
| Coordinates | Coordinates: |
| Topo map | OS Landranger 89,90, Explorer OL6 |
| OS grid reference | SD200982 |
| Listing | Wainwright |
Green Crag is a fell in the English Lake District. In topography a summit is a point on a surface which is higher in Elevation than all points immediately adjacent to The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Boundaries and divisions Cumbria is neighboured by Northumberland, County Durham, North Yorkshire, Lancashire, and the Lieutenancy England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland A mountain range is a chain of Mountains bordered by highlands or separated from other mountains by passes or valleys The Lake District, also known as The Lakes or Lakeland, is a rural area in North West England. To read about the Harter Fell near Mardale in the Lake District see Harter Fell (Mardale. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A topographic map is a type of Map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief, usually using Contour lines in modern Ordnance Survey (OS is an Executive agency of the United Kingdom government The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude There are many notable lists of mountains around the world Typically a list of mountains becomes notable by first being listed or defined by an author or group (e Wainwrights are the 214 Fells (hills and mountains described in A Fell (from the Old Norse fjall, 'mountain' is a word used to refer to Mountains or certain types of mountainous landscape in Scandinavia England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Lake District, also known as The Lakes or Lakeland, is a rural area in North West England. It stands between Eskdale and the Duddon valley in the Southern Fells.
Contents |
Topography
The headwaters of Eskdale and the Duddon are separated by a ridge falling south west from the summit of Crinkle Crags. |} Crinkle Crags is a Fell in the English Lake District in the county of Cumbria. This line of high ground continues over many twists and turns for 15 miles, finally meeting the sea on the slopes of Black Combe. A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States Black Combe is a Fell in the far south of the English Lake District, just four Miles from the Irish Sea. From Crinkle Crags the first fells on this ridge are Hard Knott, Harter Fell and Green Crag. Hard Knott is a hill in the English Lake District, at the head of Eskdale. To read about the Harter Fell near Mardale in the Lake District see Harter Fell (Mardale. Alfred Wainwright considered the remainder of the range unworthy of inclusion in his influential Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells, stating that "south and west from Green Crag the scenery quickly deteriorates. Alfred ("A" Wainwright MBE (17 January 1907 &ndash 20 January 1991 was a British hillwalker, guidebook Author and Illustrator A Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells This summit has therefore been taken as the boundary of fellwalking country. " Later guidebook writers have disagreed, adding Great Worm Crag, Yoadcastle, Whitfell, Buck Barrow, Black Combe and the low hills around Devoke Water to their hill lists. Whitfell (or sometimes Whit Fell is a hill in the southwestern part of the Lake District. Devoke Water is a small Lake in the mid-west region of the English Lake District, in the county of Cumbria. [1][2] Wainwright himself later relented and included these lesser hills in a supplementary volume, The Outlying Fells of Lakeland.
Green Crag is the highest of a series of rocky tops which stand out from the Birker Fell moorland. Birker Fell is an upland wilderness area in the western portion of the Lake District National Park, in Cumbria, England. Running from north to south these outcrops present a fine serated skyline when viewed from Eskdale. Birker Fell itself is roughly square and about two miles across, with Eskdale to the north and the River Duddon to the south. The Duddon is a river of north-west England. It rises at a point 1289 feet (393 m above sea level near the Three Shire Stone at the highest point of Wrynose
Above the wooded valley of Eskdale there is a skirt of crags before the open moor is reached. Over this edge tumble the waterfalls of Stanley Force and Birker Force, the former easily reached by made paths from the road. The farmers of Eskdale once extracted peat from the plateau and the remains of graded paths and peat huts can still be found on the fellside. Peat is an accumulation of partially Decayed Vegetation matter. [1] On this flank the remains of Gate Gill iron mine can also be found. Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 Haematite was won from a number of levels here in the 1880s. Hematite, also spelt hæmatite, is the Mineral form of Iron(III oxide (Fe2O3 one of several Iron oxides [3]The Duddon flanks have shallower gradients, divided by dry stone walls into long strips of pasture land. This rough grazing supports a series of farms along the valley between Ulpha and Seathwaite. Ulpha is a small village and Civil parish in the Duddon Valley in the Lake District National Park in Cumbria, England.
To the east of Green Crag is a marshy depression before the ground rises again to Harter Fell. The western boundary is formed by the Birker Fell Road, an unenclosed route from Ulpha to Eskdale Green with fine views of the Scafells. Birker Fell is an upland wilderness area in the western portion of the Lake District National Park, in Cumbria, England. Scafells is a collective term for the Scafell range of Fells in the western English Lake District, including Scafell Scafell Pike, Broad Summiting at 885 ft with hairpin climbs at either end, the road is frequently closed in winter by snow and ice. Beyond the road the moorland climbs via Seat How to the summit of Yoadcastle. From here it turns south, forming a more definite ridge on the long march to Black Combe.
The high point of the fell lies on a line of tors which break through the peat and fellgrass toward the east of the plateau. A tor is a rock outcrop formed by Weathering, usually found on or near the summit of a Hill. Travelling south from the Eskdale rim the tops are Kepple Crag, Great Whinscale, Crook Crag (1,538 ft), Green Crag and White How. The crest then turns west toward the Fell Road, passing over Great Worm Crag (1,400 ft), considered by some to be a separate fell. [1] To the west of the summit ridge is Low Birker Pool, a tarn which feeds Birker Force. A tarn (or corrie loch) is a mountain Lake or pool formed in a Cirque excavated by a Glacier. This shallow waterbody is contained by a low moraine and overlooked by Tarn Crag. Moraine refers to any glacially formed accumulation of unconsolidated glacial debris (soil and rock which can occur in currently glaciated and formerly glaciated regions such as those [4]
Geology
The summit knoll is formed by plagioclase-phyric andesite lavas of the Birker Fell Formation of the Borrowdale Volcanic Group. Plagioclase is a very important series of tectosilicate Minerals within the Feldspar family For the extinct cephalopod genus see Andesites. Andesite (ˈændəsaɪt is an igneous, Volcanic rock, of intermediate Lava is molten rock expelled by a Volcano during an eruption When first expelled from a volcanic vent it is a Liquid at Temperatures The Borrowdale Volcanic Group is a development of volcanic rocks named after the Borrowdale area of the Lake District, in England. [5]
Summit and View
The summit of Green Crag is composed of naked rock and the ordinary walker will only find access from the north or west, mild scrambling being required. [6] The view from the small cairn on the summit gives a fine prospect of the southern fells, together with a sight of the sea due south. A cairn ( carn in Irish is an artificial pile of stones often in a conical form [6][1]
Ascents
Green Crag can be climbed from the Birker Fell Road, where there are some suitable off-road spaces for parking. From Eskdale the best access is via the sled gate (ie path used for dragging peat on sleds) which climbs near Birker Force. The plateau can also be reached in the vicinity of Kepple Crag. From the Duddon there are waymarked paths through the conifer plantations, beginning at the various Forestry car-parks. [1]
References
- ^ a b c d e Richards, Mark: Southern Fells: Collins (2003): ISBN 0-00-711367-6
- ^ Birkett, Bill: Complete Lakeland Fells: Collins Willow (1994): ISBN 0-0021-8406-0
- ^ Adams, John: Mines of the Lake District Fells: Dalesman (1995) ISBN 0-85206-931-6
- ^ Blair, Don: Exploring Lakeland Tarns: Lakeland Manor Press (2003): ISBN 0-9543-9041-5
- ^ British Geological Survey: 1:50,000 series maps, England & Wales Sheet 38: BGS (1998)
- ^ a b Alfred Wainwright: A Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells, Book 4: ISBN 0-7112-2457-9
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