This article is about Muslims of Greek ethnic origin, who today live mainly in Turkey and Albania. For the multiethnic Muslim minority in Thrace in Greece, see Muslim minority (Greece). The Muslim minority of Greece ( Greek: μουσουλμανική μειονότητα Ελλάδας mousoulmaniki meionotita Elladas; Turkish: Yunanistan

Greek Muslims, also known as Greek-speaking Muslims, are Muslims of Greek ethnic origin, and are found primarily in Turkey, Cyprus, and Greece, although migrations to Lebanon and Syria have been reported^[1]. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية The vast majority of the autochthonous Muslim minority in Greece (including the Greek-speaking Muslims), most of whom are fluent in Turkish, espouse a Turkish national identity. Historically, Greek Orthodoxy has been associated with being "Rum" (روم) and Islam with being "Turk" (Τούρκος), despite ethnic or linguistic references. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world Rûm, also Roum or Rhum (in Arabic الرُّومُ ar-Rūm, Persian / Turkish Rum) is a very indefinite

Most Greek-speaking Muslims in Greece left for Turkey during the 1920s' population exchanges under the Treaty of Lausanne (sometimes in return for Turkish-speaking Christians), with the exception of the Muslims in Thrace, who are officially recognized as a minority. The 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey is the first large-scale population exchange, or agreed mutual expulsion in the 20th century The Treaty of Lausanne ( July 24, 1923) was a Peace treaty signed in Lausanne that settled the Anatolian part of the Partitioning The largest community of Greek-speaking Muslims in today's Greece is among Dodecanese Muslims who were spared from the population exchange due to Italian rule over the islands. The Turks of the Dodecanese form a 5000-strong community of ethnic Turks inhabiting the Dodecanese islands of Rhodes and Kos ( İstanköy Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest

Contents 1 In Turkey 1.1 Pontic Greek Muslims 1.2 Cretan Muslims 1.3 Epirote Muslims 1.4 Macedonian Muslims 1.5 Cypriot Muslims 1.6 Morean Muslims 2 In Cyprus 3 In Lebanon and Syria 4 Population 5 See also 6 References 7 External links

In Turkey

In Turkey, where most Greek-speaking Muslims live, there are various groups of Greek-speaking Muslims, some autochthonous, some from parts of present-day Greece and Cyprus who migrated to Turkey under the population exchanges or immigration.

Pontic Greek Muslims

Muslims of Pontic Greek origins, speakers of the Pontic language (named Ρωμαίικα Roméika, not Ποντιακά Pontiaká as it is in Greece), which is spoken by some people in Tonya, Maçka, Sürmene, Çaykara, and Dernekpazarı districts of Trabzon. The term Pontic Greeks, Pontian Greeks, Pontians or Greeks of Pontus (Πόντιοι Ποντιακός Ελληνισμός or gr Έλληνες Pontic Greek is a form of the Greek language originally spoken in the Pontus area on the southern shores of the Black Sea, and today mainly in Greece Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία For the pre-modern Japanese trade association see Tonya (Japan. Maçka (Matsouka is a town and district of Trabzon Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Sürmene ( Greek: Σούρμενα Sourmena) is a town and a district of Trabzon Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Çaykara is a town and district of Trabzon Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Dernekpazarı is a town and district of Trabzon Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Trabzon is a province of Turkey on the Black Sea coast Located in a strategically important region Trabzon is of the oldest Trade Port Due to mass migration from the region, high linguistic assimilation to Turkish, and the fact that the language has no official status, the total number of the speakers may be guessed; roughly 50,000 - 75,000 people. Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Ömer Asan estimated the number of people of Pontian Greek descent in Turkey at about 300,000 in 1996. Ömer Şükrü Asan (born May 28, 1961 in Trabzon, Turkey) is a Turkish folklorist, photographer and Writer Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) According to Heath W. Lowry's^[2] great work about Ottoman tax books^[3] (Tahrir Defteri) with Halil İnalcık it is claimed that most Turks of Trabzon city are of Greek origin. The community is usually considered deeply religious Sunni Muslims of Hanafi madh'hab. Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic The Hanafi ( Arabic حنفي school is the oldest of the four schools of thought ( Madhhabs Madhhab or Mazhab ( Arabic مذهب mæðhæb pl مذاهب mæðæːhıb) is an Islamic school of thought, or Sufi orders such as Qadiri and Naqshbandi have a great impact. Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفی‌گری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف Qadiriyyah ( Arabic: القادريه, Turkish: Kadirilik) (also Transliterated Kadri, Elkadry, Kadray Naqshbandi ( Naqshbandiyya) is one of the major Tasawwuf orders ( Tariqa) of Islam. It is sometimes claimed in Greece that some of the Greek Muslims of Pontus are in fact crypto-Christians (e. Crypto-Christianity commonly refers to the secret practice of the Christian Religion, usually while attempting to camouflage it as another faith or observing the rituals g. [1]).

Cretan Muslims

Cretan Turks (Τουρκοκρητικοί) or Cretan Muslims (Girit Müslümanları) cover Muslims who arrived in Turkey after or slightly before the start of the Greek rule in Crete in 1908 and especially in the framework of the 1923 agreement for the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations and have settled on the coastline stretching from the Çanakkale to İskenderun. Cretan Turks ( Turkish: Giritli or Girit Türkleri or Türk Giritliler) came about as a consequence of the Ottoman rule in Cretan Turks ( Turkish: Giritli or Girit Türkleri or Türk Giritliler) came about as a consequence of the Ottoman rule in Crete ( Greek: Κρήτη transliteration: Krētē, modern transliteration Kriti) is the largest of the Greek islands and the Year 1908 ( MCMVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey is the first large-scale population exchange, or agreed mutual expulsion in the 20th century Çanakkale (ʧɑˈnɑkːɑle is a town and seaport in Turkey, in Çanakkale Province, on the southern (Asian coast of the Dardanelles (or İskenderun, also Iskenderon (formerly in Greek Ἀλεξανδρέττα Alexandretta; in Arabic الإسكندرون al-ʼIskandarūn Today, only elderly women may be found to be fluent in Cretan Greek and only estimates can be made regarding their number. Cretan Greek ( Cretan dialect &mdash in Greek, Kritikí diálektos &ndash Κρητική διάλεκτος or Kritiká Κρητικά They often name the language as Cretan (Kritika (Κρητικά) or Giritçe) instead of Greek. The Cretan Turks are Sunni (Hanafi) with a highly influential Bektashi minority that helped shape the folk Islam and religious tolerance of the entire community. Bektashism (Bektaşilik is an Islamic Sufi order ( Tariqat) considered to be a distinct branch of Shi'a Islam Folk religion consists of Beliefs Superstitions and Rituals transmitted from generation to generation in a specific Culture. Religious toleration is the condition of accepting or permitting others' religious beliefs and practices which disagree with one's own Significant numbers of Cretan Muslims also settled in Libya especially in the east side cities like soosa and benghazi, where they are distinguishable by their Greek surnames. Many of the older members of tis community still speak Cretan Greek in their homes.

Epirote Muslims

Muslims from the region of Epirus, known collectively as Yanyalılar (Yanyalı in singular, meaning "person from Ioannina") in Turkish and Τουρκογιαννιώτες Turkoyanyótes in Greek (Τουρκογιαννιώτης Turkoyanyótis in singular, meaning "Turk from Ioannina"), who had arrived in two waves of migration in 1912 and after 1923 were known to be Greek-speaking, much like the Cretans, as a result of symbiosis with the Greek culture. Epirus (from Ionic Greek Ήπειρος - Ēpeiros, Doric Greek: Ἅπειρος - Apeiros, in Albanian Ioannina (Ιωάννινα, often el Γιάννενα or el Γιάννινα / is a city of Epirus, north-western Greece, with a metropolitan population of Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Ioannina (Ιωάννινα, often el Γιάννενα or el Γιάννινα / is a city of Epirus, north-western Greece, with a metropolitan population of Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions Today, the community is fully integrated inside Turkey's culture.

Macedonian Muslims

Muslims living in Haliacmon valley of Central Macedonia were Greek-speaking. The Haliacmon ( Attic:, Haliákmōn; Ionic: Aliákmōn; Modern Greek: Αλιάκμονας Aliákmonas; South Slavic Central Macedonia ( Greek: Περιφέρεια Κεντρικής Μακεδονίας Periféria Kentrikís Makedonías)is one of the thirteen peripheries They were known collectively as Vallahades. The Vallahades or Valaades (Βαλαάδες were a Greek -speaking Muslim population who lived along the river Bistritsa in southwest They arrived in Turkey after 1923 and became gradually assimilated into Turkish Muslim mainstream.

Cypriot Muslims

Some communities among Turkish Cypriot immigrants who settled in Turkey following end of the Ottoman rule in the island (1878) were speaking Cypriot Greek. Turkish Cypriots ( Turkish: Kıbrıs Türkleri or Kıbrıslı Türkler Greek: Τουρκοκύπριοι are the ethnically Turkish inhabitants of the Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Cypriot Dialect of Greek ( Cypriot Greek ( Κυπριακή διάλεκτος) or Kypriaka ( Greek: Κυπριακά The last of such groups was reported to arrive at Antalya in 1936. Antalya (formerly known as Adalia; from Pamphylian Greek: Αττάλεια Attália) is a city on the Mediterranean coast of southwestern Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. These communities are thought to have abandoned Greek in the course of integration. ^[4]

Morean Muslims

In Cyprus

Part of the series on Greeks Greek culture Art · Cinema · Cuisine Dance · Dress · Literature Music · Philosophy · Religion Sport · Television By region or country Greece · Cyprus Greek diaspora Subgroups Antiochians Arvanites · Cappadocians Cypriots · Greek Muslims Hayhurums  · Karamanlides Maniots  · Pontians Romaniotes  · Sarakatsani Tsakonians · Urums Religion Greek Orthodox Church Roman Catholicism Greek Catholicism Greek Evangelicalism Judaism · Islam Neopaganism Languages and dialects Greek Calabrian Greek Cappadocian Greek Cretan Greek · Griko Cypriot Greek · Pontic Greek Tsakonian · Yevanic Meglenitic · Aromanian Arvanitika · Slavika Karamanlidika · Urum History v • d • e

In Lebanon and Syria

There are about 7,000 Greeks living in Lebanon (Tripoli) and about 3,000 in Syria (Hamidiye). The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions The Culture of Greece has evolved over thousands of years with its beginnings in the Mycenaean and Minoan Civilizations, continuing most notably into Classical Greece Greece has a rich and varied artistic history spanning some 5000 years Greece has a long and rich cinematic history The country that gave rise to Western civilisation has produced many famous film actors and directors The Greek cuisine ( Greek: Ελληνική Κουζίνα is Greece's traditional Cuisine, a typical Mediterranean cuisine Contemporary Greek dance is a very old tradition being referred to by ancient authors such as Plato, Aristotle, Plutarch and Lucian. The Culture of Greece has evolved over thousands of years with its beginnings in the Mycenaean and Minoan Civilizations, continuing most notably into Classical Greece Greek literature refers to those writings autochthonic to the areas of Greek influence typically though not necessarily in one of the Greek dialects throughout the The musical legacy of Greece is as diverse as its history. Cypriot music has certain similarities to traditional Greek Music, and their Ancient Greek philosophy focused on the role of Reason and Inquiry. The Greek Orthodox Church ( Greek: Ἑλληνορθόδοξη Ἐκκλησία Hellēnorthódoxē Ekklēsía) is formed by several autocephalous churches The Culture of Greece has evolved over thousands of years with its beginnings in the Mycenaean and Minoan Civilizations, continuing most notably into Classical Greece Television broadcasting in Greece began in 1966 with the first network EPT (Ellinikí Radiofonía Tileórasi broadcasting out of Athens, as a state-owned Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía The Greek diaspora (ελληνική διασπορά elliniki diaspora) is a term used to refer to the communities of Greek people living outside of the traditional Antiochian Greeks are the members of the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch who have resided in the territory of contemporary Turkish province of Hatay. Cappadocian, also known as Cappadocian Greek or Asia Minor Greek is a dialect of the Greek language, formerly spoken in Cappadocia (Central Turkey Greek Cypriots ( Greek: Ελληνοκύπριοι Turkish: Kıbrıslı Rumlar are the ethnic Greek population of Cyprus. Hayhurum is the name given to Armenian -speaking Christians who are members of Greek Orthodox Church. The Karamanlides ( Greek: Καραμανλήδες; Turkish: Karamanlılar) or simply Karamanlis, are a Greek Orthodox The Maniots (or Maniates; Greek Μανιάτες) are the Greek inhabitants of the Mani Peninsula (the middle leg of the Peloponnese located The term Pontic Greeks, Pontian Greeks, Pontians or Greeks of Pontus (Πόντιοι Ποντιακός Ελληνισμός or gr Έλληνες The Romaniotes ( Greek: Ρωμανιώτες, Rōmaniōtes are a Jewish population who have lived in the territory of today's Greece and The Sarakatsani (Σαρακατσάνοι are a group of Greek transhumant shepherds in Greece. Tsakonians ( Greek: Τσάκωνες Tsákones) are an ethnic Greek population group speakers of the Tsakonian dialect or more broadly Urums, singular Urum u'rum ( Greek: Ουρούμ Urúm, Turkish: Urum, Crimean Tatar: Urum) is a broad historical The Greek Orthodox Church ( Greek: Ἑλληνορθόδοξη Ἐκκλησία Hellēnorthódoxē Ekklēsía) is formed by several autocephalous churches The Roman Catholic Church in Greece is part of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope and Curia in Rome The Greek Byzantine Catholic Church is a Sui iuris Particular Church within the Catholic Church and uses the Byzantine liturgical rite The Greek Evangelical Church ( Greek: Ελληνική Ευαγγελική Εκκλησία Elliniki Evangeliki Ekklisia) is a Protestant denomination in There have been organized Jewish communities in Greece for more than two thousand years Islam in Greece is represented by a number of autochthonous and immigrant communities Hellenic Polytheistic Reconstructionism (also Hellenic Reconstructionism) refers to various reconstructionist movements that revive ancient Greek religious practices Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Cappadocian, also known as Cappadocian Greek or Asia Minor Greek is a dialect of the Greek language, formerly spoken in Cappadocia (Central Turkey Cretan Greek ( Cretan dialect &mdash in Greek, Kritikí diálektos &ndash Κρητική διάλεκτος or Kritiká Κρητικά Griko, sometimes spelled Grico, is a Modern Greek dialect which is spoken by people in the Magna Graecia region in southern Italy, and it The Cypriot Dialect of Greek ( Cypriot Greek ( Κυπριακή διάλεκτος) or Kypriaka ( Greek: Κυπριακά Pontic Greek is a form of the Greek language originally spoken in the Pontus area on the southern shores of the Black Sea, and today mainly in Greece Tsakonian, Tzakonian or Tsakonic ( Greek Τσακωνικά) is a dialect of modern Greek spoken in the Tsakonian region Yevanic, otherwise known as Romaniote and Judeo-Greek, was the Dialect of the Romaniotes, the group of Greek Jews whose existence in Megleno-Romanian (known as Vlăheşte by speakers and Moglenitic, Meglenitic or Megleno-Romanian by linguists is a Romance language Aromanian ( limba armãneascã, armãneshce or armãneashti) also known as Macedo-Romanian, Arumanian or Vlach in most Arvanitika or Arvanitic ( Albanian: Arbërisht, Greek: αρβανίτικα arvanitika) is the variety of Albanian The Slavic dialects of Greece are the dialects of Bulgarian or Macedonian spoken by minority groups in the regions of Macedonia and Thrace Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Urum is a Turkic language spoken by several thousand people who inhabit a few villages in the Southeastern Ukraine and in Diaspora communities world The History of Greece traditionally encompasses the study of the Greek people, the areas they ruled historically and the territory now composing the modern state of Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية Tripoli ( Lebanese Arabic: طرابلس Ṭrāblos or Ṭrēblos locally Ṭrōbles Standard Arabic: Ṭarābulus Τρίπολις Tripolis is the second-largest Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية ^[5] The majority of them are Muslims of Cretan origin. Records suggest that the community left Crete between 1866 and 1897, on the outbreak of the last Cretan uprising against the Ottoman empire, which ended the Greco-Turkish War of 1897. Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The Greco-Turkish War of 1897, also called the Thirty Days' War and known as the black '97 in Greece was a war fought between the Kingdom of Greece ^[5] Sultan Abdul Hamid II provided Cretan Muslim families who fled the island with refuge on the Levantine coast. Abdülhamid II His Imperial Majesty Sultan of the Ottoman Empire ( Ottoman Turkish: عبد الحميد ثانی `Abdü’l-Ḥamīd-i sânî, İkinci Abdülhamit Cretan Turks ( Turkish: Giritli or Girit Türkleri or Türk Giritliler) came about as a consequence of the Ottoman rule in See also Names of the Levant The Levant (lə'vænt is a geographical term that denotes a large area in Western Asia, roughly bounded on the north by the The new settlement was named Hamidiye after the sultan.

Many Greek Muslims of Lebanon somewhat managed to preserve their identity and language. Unlike neighbouring communities, they are monogamous and consider divorce a disgrace, which demonstrates Orthodox Christian influences on their culture. Monogamy is the custom or condition of having only one mate in a Relationship, thus forming a Couple. Divorce or dissolution of marriage is the termination of a Marriage. Until the Lebanese Civil War, their community was close-knit and entirely endogamous. The Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990 was a multifaceted Civil war whose antecedents can be traced back to the conflicts and political compromises reached after the end Endogamy is the practice of marrying within a social group. Cultures who practice endogamy require marriage between specified social groups classes or ethnicities However many of them left Lebanon during the 15 years of the war. ^[5]

Greek Muslims constitute 60% of Hamidiye's population. The community is very much concerned with maintaining its culture. The knowledge of the spoken Greek language is remarkably good and their contact with their historical homeland has been possible by means of satellite television and relatives. They are also known to be monogamous. ^[5]

By 1988, many Greek Muslims from both Lebanon and Syria had reported being subject to discrimination by the Greek embassy because of their religious affiliation. Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) The community members would be regarded with indifference and even hostility, and would be denied visas and opportunities to improve their Greek through trips to Greece. ^[5]

Population

According to the Columbia Encyclopedia, Greek is spoken by approximately, 600,000 people in Turkey [2], out of whom an estimated 5,000 are members of the remnants of Greek Orthodox community of Istanbul ^[6]. The Columbia Encyclopedia is a highly regarded one-volume Encyclopedia produced by Columbia University Press and sold by the Gale Group. The Istanbul Pogrom (also known as Istanbul Riots; Σεπτεμβριανά (Events of September 6–7 Eylül Olayları (Events of September 6–7 was a Pogrom Some Greek sources give the following numbers: Pontic Greek Muslims over 300,000, Cretan Muslims 200,000 - 300,000, Cypriot Muslims (in Turkey) 150,000, Vallahades 50,000. ^[7]

See also

• Greek language
• Hamshenis
• Bulgarian Muslims
• Macedonian Muslims
• Pomaks
• Bosniaks

References

External links

• Karalahana.com
• Trebizond Greek: A language without a tongue
• Radio Ocena

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