| Greater Manchester | |
 Shown within England |
|
| Geography | |
| Status | Metropolitan county & Ceremonial county |
|---|---|
| Origin | 1 April 1974[1] (Local Government Act 1972) |
| Region | North West England |
| Area - Total |
Ranked 39th 1,276 km² (493 sq mi) |
| ONS code | 2A |
| NUTS 2 | UKD3 |
| Demography | |
| Population - Total (2005) - Density |
Ranked 3rd 2,547,700 1,997/km² (5,172/sq mi) |
| Ethnicity | 88. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The metropolitan counties are a type of county-level Administrative division of England. The ceremonial counties are areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant, and are defined by the government as the Counties for the purposes of the Lieutenancies Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. The Local Government Act 1972 (1972 c 70 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, that reformed local government in England and Wales The region, also known as the government office region, is currently the highest tier of local government sub-national entity of England, with only one North West England is one of the nine official Regions of England. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. This is a List of Ceremonial counties of England by Area. See also Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The Office for National Statistics coding system is a hierarchical code used in the United Kingdom for tabulating Census and other statistical data The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, ( NUTS) for the French nomenclature d'unités territoriales statistiques, is a Geocode In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume This is a List of Ceremonial counties of England by Population. 9% White 6. 5% S. Asian 1. 7% Black 1. 6% Mixed Race 1. 3% E. Asian and Other |
| Politics | |
| No county council since 1986. A County council is the elected administrative body governing an area known as a County. | |
| Executive | |
| Members of Parliament |
List of Greater Manchster MPs |
| Metropolitan Boroughs | |
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Greater Manchester is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2.55 million. Composition Graphical representation of the House of Commons This is a comparison of the party strengths in the British House of Commons The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a liberal Political party in the United Kingdom, formed in 1988 by merging the The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. The Metropolitan Borough of Stockport is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in north west England, centered around the town of Stockport The Metropolitan Borough of Tameside is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester in North West England. The Metropolitan Borough of Oldham is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. The Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester in North West England. The Metropolitan borough of Bury is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in the northwest of England. The Metropolitan Borough of Bolton is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. The Metropolitan Borough of Wigan is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. The City of Salford is a Local government district of Greater Manchester, England with the status of a city and Metropolitan borough. The Metropolitan Borough of Trafford is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England The metropolitan counties are a type of county-level Administrative division of England. North West England is one of the nine official Regions of England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland This is a List of Ceremonial counties of England by Population. [2] It encompasses one of the largest metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom and comprises ten metropolitan boroughs: Bolton, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford, Wigan, and the cities of Salford and Manchester. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A metropolitan borough is a type of local government district in England covering urban areas within metropolitan counties. The Metropolitan Borough of Bolton is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. The Metropolitan borough of Bury is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in the northwest of England. The Metropolitan Borough of Oldham is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. The Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester in North West England. The Metropolitan Borough of Stockport is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in north west England, centered around the town of Stockport The Metropolitan Borough of Tameside is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester in North West England. The Metropolitan Borough of Trafford is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England The Metropolitan Borough of Wigan is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. The City of Salford is a Local government district of Greater Manchester, England with the status of a city and Metropolitan borough. Greater Manchester was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. The Local Government Act 1972 (1972 c 70 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, that reformed local government in England and Wales [1]
Greater Manchester is landlocked, and as a ceremonial county borders Cheshire (to the south-west and south), Derbyshire (to the south-east), West Yorkshire (to the north-east), Lancashire (to the north) and Merseyside (to the west). The ceremonial counties are areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant, and are defined by the government as the Counties for the purposes of the Lieutenancies Cheshire (or archaically the County of Chester) is a county in North West England. History The area that is now Derbyshire was first visited probably briefly by humans 200000 years ago during the Aveley Interglacial as evidenced by a Middle West Yorkshire is a Metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England with a population of Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea Merseyside is a Metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 1365900 The Greater Manchester Urban Area is the United Kingdom's third most populous conurbation, and spans across most of the county's territory. The Greater Manchester Urban Area is an area of land defined by the Office for National Statistics consisting of the large Conurbation surrounding and including the A Conurbation is formed when towns expand sufficiently that their urban areas join up with each other
Greater Manchester County Council was abolished in 1986, and so its districts (the metropolitan boroughs) are now effectively unitary authority areas. The Greater Manchester County Council (also known as Greater Manchester Council and GMC) was from 1974 to 1986 the upper-tier administrative body See also Independent city A unitary authority is a type of Local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all Local government functions However, the metropolitan county, which is some 496 square miles (1,285 km²),[3] continues to exist in law and as a geographic frame of reference. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of [4] Several county-wide services are co-ordinated via the Association of Greater Manchester Authorities. The Association of Greater Manchester Authorities ( AGMA) is an association which represents the ten Local authorities of Greater Manchester, a Metropolitan
Before the creation of the metropolitan county, the name SELNEC was used for the area, taken from the initials of "South East Lancashire North East Cheshire". Greater Manchester is an amalgamation of 70 former local government districts from the former administrative counties of Lancashire, Cheshire and Yorkshire, West Riding and several independent county boroughs. Joining two or more political units such as municipalities, counties, or cities into one entity is referred to as amalgamation when the process occurs Administrative counties were a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government from 1889 to 1974 Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea Cheshire (or archaically the County of Chester) is a county in North West England. The West Riding of Yorkshire is one of the three historic subdivisions of Yorkshire, England. County borough is a term introduced in 1889 in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (excluding Scotland) to refer to a Borough or a City
Contents |
History
- See also: History of Manchester
Origins
The modern county of Greater Manchester was created in 1974. The history of Manchester is one of change from a minor Lancastrian township into the pre-eminent industrial Metropolis of the United Kingdom However, the history and heritage of its constituent settlements and parts stems back for centuries. There is evidence of Iron Age inhabitation, particularly at Mellor,[5] and Celtic activity in a settlement named Chochion, believed to have been an area of Wigan settled by the Brigantes. This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age for the mythological Iron Age see Ages of Man. Mellor is a village within the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, in Greater Manchester, England. Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts Wigan is a large town in Greater Manchester, England. It stands on the River Douglas, south of Preston, west-northwest of Manchester Wigan is a large town in Greater Manchester, England. It stands on the River Douglas, south of Preston, west-northwest of Manchester The Brigantes were a Celtic tribe who in pre-Roman times controlled the largest section of Northern England and a significant part of the Midlands [6] Stretford was also part of the land believed to have been occupied by the Celtic Brigantes tribe, and lay on their border with the Cornovii on the southern side of the River Mersey. Stretford (pop 37500 is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England The Cornovii (perhaps meaning people of the horn) were a people of Iron Age and Roman Britain, who lived principally in the modern counties of North See also Mersey River (Tasmania and Mersey River (Nova Scotia. [7] Evidence of Roman activity is provided by the remains of 1st-century forts at Castlefield in Manchester,[8] and Castleshaw in Saddleworth. Roman Britain refers to those parts of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between AD 43 and 410 The Latin word castra, with its singular castrum, was used by the ancient Romans to mean buildings or plots of land reserved to or constructed for use as a military Or see Castlefields. Castlefield is an Inner city area of Manchester, in North West England. Castleshaw is a hamlet in the Saddleworth parish of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham in Greater Manchester, England. Saddleworth is a Civil parish of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham in Greater Manchester, England [9] Much of the region was omitted from the Domesday Book of 1086. The Domesday Book (ˈduːmzdeɪ bʊk also known as Domesday, or Book of Winchester) was the record of the great survey During the Middle Ages, much of what became Greater Manchester lay within the hundred of Salfordshire – an ancient division of the county of Lancashire. The hundred of Salford was an ancient division of the historic county of Lancashire, in Northern England. Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea Salfordshire encompassed several parishes and townships, some of which, like Rochdale, were important market towns and centres of England's woollen trade. A parish is a Local church; it is an administrative unit typically found in episcopal or presbyterian churches In England, township (latin - vill) usually means a village or hamlet Rochdale is a large Market town in Greater Manchester, England Market town or market right is a legal term originating in the Medieval period for a European settlement that has the right to hold Markets Wool is the fiber derived from the specialized skin cells called follicles of animals in the Caprinae family principally sheep, but the hair of certain species Much of Greater Manchester's heritage is related to textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution and the infrastructure that grew up to support the sector. With the establishment of overseas colonies, the British Empire at the end of the 17th century/beginning of the 18th century had a vast source of raw materials and a vast market Towns such as Oldham and Bolton played a central role during the Industrial Revolution, rapidly becoming some of the most important and productive mill towns in the world. Oldham is a large town in Greater Manchester, England It lies amongst the Pennines on elevated ground between the rivers Irk and Medlock Bolton ( is a large town in Greater Manchester, in the North West region of England. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the A Mill town, also known as factory town or mill village, is typically a settlement that developed around one or more mills or factories (usually Cotton mills Due to its commercial and socioeconomic success, the need for local government and geo-administrative change in the conurbation now called Greater Manchester was proposed as early as the 1910s. [10]
The term Greater Manchester began to appear around the start of the 20th century. One of the first known recorded uses of the term was in a 1914 report put forward in response to what was considered to have been the successful creation of the County of London in 1889. The County of London was a ceremonial county and administrative county of England from 1889 to 1965 The report suggested that a county should be set up to recognise the "Manchester known in commerce" and referred to the areas that formed Cottonopolis, or that of South-Lancashire and part of Cheshire. Cottonopolis is a name given to the city of Manchester, in England. [11] Traders from Germany had already coined the name Manchesterthum, meaning "Greater Manchester", and had been using it to describe the area since the 18th century. [10]
Conurbations in England tend to build-up at the historic county boundaries[12] and Greater Manchester is no exception. The historic counties of England are ancient subdivisions of England. Most of Greater Manchester lay within the ancient county boundaries of Lancashire; those areas south of the Mersey and Tame were in Cheshire. Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea See also Mersey River (Tasmania and Mersey River (Nova Scotia. The River Tame is a River in Greater Manchester, England. Source Rises on Denshaw Moor Cheshire (or archaically the County of Chester) is a county in North West England. The Saddleworth area and a small part of Mossley are historically part of Yorkshire and in the south-east a small part in Derbyshire. Saddleworth is a Civil parish of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham in Greater Manchester, England Mossley is a small town and Civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside, in Greater Manchester, England. Yorkshire is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in Great Britain. History The area that is now Derbyshire was first visited probably briefly by humans 200000 years ago during the Aveley Interglacial as evidenced by a Middle The areas that were incorporated into Greater Manchester in 1974 previously formed parts of the Administrative counties of Cheshire, Lancashire, the West Riding of Yorkshire and of various independent county boroughs. Administrative counties were a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government from 1889 to 1974 The West Riding of Yorkshire is one of the three historic subdivisions of Yorkshire, England. County borough is a term introduced in 1889 in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (excluding Scotland) to refer to a Borough or a City
The Manchester Evening Chronicle brought to the fore the issue of "regional unity" for the area in April 1935 under the headline "Greater Manchester – The Ratepayers' Salvation". The Manchester Evening News (also known as MEN Media) is an English daily Newspaper published each week day evening and on Saturdays It reported on the "increasing demands for the exploration of the possibilities of a greater merger of public services throughout Manchester and the surrounding municipalities". Public services is a term usually used to mean services provided by Government to its Citizens, either directly (through the Public sector) or The issue was frequently discussed by civic leaders in the area at that time, particularly those from Manchester and Salford. Salford lies at the heart of the City of Salford, a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. The Mayor of Salford pledged his support to the idea, stating that he looked forward to the day when "there would be a merging of the essential services of Manchester, Salford, and the surrounding districts constituting Greater Manchester. " Proposals were halted by the Second World War, though in the decade after it, the pace of proposals for local government reform for the area quickened. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including In 1947, Lancashire County Council proposed a three "ridings" system to meet the changing needs of the county of Lancashire, including those for City of Manchester and surrounding districts. Lancashire County Council is the upper-tier Local authority for the Non-metropolitan county of Lancashire, England. A riding is an administrative jurisdiction or electoral district particularly in several current or former Commonwealth countries Other proposals included the creation of a Manchester County Council, a directly elected regional body. In 1951, the census in the United Kingdom began reporting on South-East Lancashire as a homogonous conurbation. The United Kingdom has taken a Census of its population every ten years since 1801 with the exception of 1941 ( during the Second World War) [10]
Redcliffe-Maud Report
The Local Government Act 1958 designated the "South East Lancashire" area (which, despite its name, included north east Cheshire as well), a Special Review Area. The Local Government Act 1958 (6 & 7 Eliz2 c55 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom affecting local government in England and Wales outside The Local Government Commission for England never completed its report before it was abolished in favour of the Royal Commission on Local Government. The Local Government Commission for England was established by the Local Government Act 1958 to review the organisation of local government and make "such proposals The Redcliffe-Maud Report (Cmnd 4040 is the name generally given to the report published by the Royal Commission on Local Government in England 1966-1969 [10] Draft recommendations were presented in December 1965 and would have seen a new county based on the Manchester conurbation, with nine most-purpose boroughs, corresponding to the modern Greater Manchester boroughs (excluding Wigan).
The Royal Commission's 1969 report, known as the Redcliffe-Maud Report, proposed a 'SELNEC' (South East Lancashire North East Cheshire) 'metropolitan area'. The Redcliffe-Maud Report (Cmnd 4040 is the name generally given to the report published by the Royal Commission on Local Government in England 1966-1969 This had roughly the same northern boundary as today's Greater Manchester (though included Rossendale), but covered much more territory from Cheshire including Macclesfield and Warrington, and also covered Glossop in Derbyshire. Rossendale is a local government district with Borough status Macclesfield is a market town in Cheshire, England with a population of about 50688 (2001 census for Macclesfield urban sub-area Warrington is a large town borough and Unitary authority area in Cheshire, England. Glossop is a small Market town within the High Peak borough of Derbyshire, England. [10] The metropolitan area was to be divided into nine metropolitan districts, based on Wigan, Bolton, Bury/Rochdale, Warrington, Manchester (including Salford and Old Trafford), Oldham, Altrincham, Stockport and Tameside. Wigan is a large town in Greater Manchester, England. It stands on the River Douglas, south of Preston, west-northwest of Manchester Bolton ( is a large town in Greater Manchester, in the North West region of England. Bury is a town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on the River Irwell, north-northwest of the city of Manchester, west-southwest of Rochdale is a large Market town in Greater Manchester, England Warrington is a large town borough and Unitary authority area in Cheshire, England. Salford lies at the heart of the City of Salford, a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. Old Trafford is an area of Stretford in Greater Manchester, England. Oldham is a large town in Greater Manchester, England It lies amongst the Pennines on elevated ground between the rivers Irk and Medlock Altrincham () is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England. Stockport ( is a large town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on elevated ground on the River Mersey at the influx of the rivers Goyt The Metropolitan Borough of Tameside is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester in North West England. [10] The Conservative Party objected to the proposal however and secured a one third reduction of the size of Greater Manchester. The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. [10]
In 1969 a SELNEC Passenger Transport Authority was set up, which covered an area smaller than the proposed SELNEC, but different to the eventual Greater Manchester. In the United Kingdom, Passenger Transport Executives (PTEs are local government bodies which are responsible for Public transport within large urban areas Compared with the Redcliffe-Maud area it excluded Macclesfield, Warrington, and Knutsford, but still included Glossop and Saddleworth, in the West Riding of Yorkshire. Saddleworth is a Civil parish of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham in Greater Manchester, England The West Riding of Yorkshire is one of the three historic subdivisions of Yorkshire, England. [10] It excluded Wigan, which was in both the Redcliffe-Maud area and in the eventual Greater Manchester (but had not been part of the SEL special review area). [10] The Redcliffe-Maud Report confessed that "the choice even of a label of convenience for this metropolitan area is difficult" when exploring the eventual name of the county. [10]
Although the Redcliffe-Maud Report was rejected by the Conservative government after the 1970 general election, there was a commitment to local government reform, and the need for a metropolitan county centred on the conurbation surrounding Manchester was accepted. Opinion poll summary ORC (Opinion Research Council Conservative lead of 1%Harris (Express Newspapers Labour lead of 2%NOP The new government's original proposal was much smaller than the Redcliffe-Maud Report's SELNEC, but further fringe areas such as Wilmslow, Warrington and Glossop were retained by their original counties to ensure their county councils had enough revenue to remain competitive. Wilmslow is a town in the Borough of Macclesfield in Cheshire, England. Warrington is a large town borough and Unitary authority area in Cheshire, England. Glossop is a small Market town within the High Peak borough of Derbyshire, England. A County council is the elected administrative body governing an area known as a County. [10] Other late changes included the separation of the proposed Bury/Rochdale authority (retained from the Redcliffe-Maud report) into the Metropolitan Borough of Bury and the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale. The Metropolitan borough of Bury is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in the northwest of England. The Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester in North West England. Bury and Rochdale were originally planned to form a single district (dubbed "Botchdale" by local MP Michael Fidler)[13][14] but were divided into separate boroughs. Michael M Fidler (10 February 1916 &ndash 5 September 1989 was a British Conservative Party politician To re-balance the districts, the borough of Rochdale took Middleton from Oldham. Middleton is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, in Greater Manchester, England. [15]
Greater Manchester is today made up of some 70 former local authority areas from the former county boundaries. Local governments are administrative offices that are smaller than a State. [10]
Post 1974
The Local Government Act 1972 reformed local government in England and Wales by creating a system of two-tier metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties and districts throughout the country. The Local Government Act 1972 (1972 c 70 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, that reformed local government in England and Wales Local government in the United Kingdom is arranged into four different systems with one each for England Northern Ireland Scotland and Wales History The Roman occupation of Britain was the first period in which the area of present-day England and Wales was administered as a single unit (with the exception Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties are one of the four levels of Subdivisions of England used for the purposes of Local government outside Greater London The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government [16] The act formally established Greater Manchester on 1 April 1974, though Greater Manchester County Council had been running since elections in 1973. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. The Greater Manchester County Council (also known as Greater Manchester Council and GMC) was from 1974 to 1986 the upper-tier administrative body The first elections to the new local authorities established by the Local Government Act 1972 in England and Wales and the new Northern Ireland district [17] Frangopulo noted that "With the creation of the Greater Manchester county, came statutory recognition to what was already as a result of natural evolution, a distinct and recognised region, bound together by innumerable ties extending back over the centuries. Greater Manchester . . . is the logical outcome of centuries of shared tradition. "[10] Greater Manchester is the largest of the metropolitan counties by number of boroughs.
Greater Manchester County Council was abolished on 31 March 1986 under the Local Government Act 1985. Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) The Local Government Act 1985 was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom. Most of the functions of the council were devolved to the ten Greater Manchester metropolitan district councils, though some functions such as emergency services and public transport were taken over by joint boards and continued to be run on a county-wide basis. A metropolitan borough is a type of local government district in England covering urban areas within metropolitan counties. The pattern of local government in England is complex with the distribution of functions varying according to the local arrangements The Association of Greater Manchester Authorities (AGMA) was established to continue much of the county-wide services of the county council. The Association of Greater Manchester Authorities ( AGMA) is an association which represents the ten Local authorities of Greater Manchester, a Metropolitan A County council is the elected administrative body governing an area known as a County. [18]
The metropolitan county continues to exist in law, and as a geographic frame of reference,[4] for example as a NUTS 2 administrative division for statistical purposes within the European Union. The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, ( NUTS) for the French nomenclature d'unités territoriales statistiques, is a Geocode The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in [19] Greater Manchester became a ceremonial county as a result of the Lieutenancies Act 1997 on 1 July 1997. The ceremonial counties are areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant, and are defined by the government as the Counties for the purposes of the Lieutenancies The Lieutenancies Act 1997 (1997 c 23 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, that defines areas that Lord-Lieutenants are appointed to in "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar
Unlike most other modern counties (including Merseyside and Tyne and Wear), Greater Manchester was never adopted as a postal county by the Royal Mail. Merseyside is a Metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 1365900 The postal counties of the United Kingdom, now known officially as the former postal counties, were subdivisions of the UK in routine use by the Royal Mail Royal Mail is the national postal service of the United Kingdom. A review in 1973 noted that "Greater Manchester" would be unlikely to be adopted because of confusion with the Manchester post town. The M postcode area, also known as the Manchester postcode area, is a group of several Postal districts in Greater Manchester, England. [20] And so the component areas of Greater Manchester held on to their pre-1974 postal counties until 1996, when they were abolished.
In 1998, the people of Greater London voted in a referendum in favour of establishing a new Greater London Assembly, with mayor and an elected chamber for the county. Greater London is the top-level administrative subdivision covering London, England. The London Assembly is an elected body part of the Greater London Authority, that scrutinises the activities of the Mayor of London and has the power with a two-thirds [21] Her Majesty's Government has outlined similar proposals for metropolitan counties, including Greater Manchester. Her Majesty's Government, or when the monarch is male His Majesty's Government, is the title used by the Government of the United Kingdom, based at [21] The New Local Government Network has proposed the creation of a new Manchester City Region based on Greater Manchester and other metropolitan counties as part of on-going reform efforts, while a report released by the Institute for Public Policy Research's Centre for Cities has proposed the creation of two large city regions based on Manchester and Birmingham. The New Local Government Network (NLGN was founded in 1996 by a group of senior local government figures whose aim was to make Local government more relevant and The Manchester City Region is an area of England centred on Manchester. The Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR is a UK Think-tank with strong ties to the Labour party that claims to produce progressive ideas committed The Centre for Cities is an independent non-partisan urban policy research unit The term city region has been in use since about 1950 by Urbanists, Economists and Urban planners to mean not just the administrative area of a recognisable Birmingham ( ˈbɜːmɪŋəm Ber -ming-um In July 2007, The Treasury published its Review of sub-national economic development and regeneration, which stated that the government would allow those city regions that wished to work together to form a statutory framework for city regional activity, including powers over transport, skills, planning and economic development. HM Treasury, in full Her Majesty's Treasury, informally The Treasury, is the United Kingdom government department responsible for developing and executing [22] AGMA has also suggested that a formal government structure be created to cover the whole city region. [23]
Geography
Greater Manchester is a landlocked county spanning 492.7 square miles (1,276 km²). This is a List of Ceremonial counties of England by Area. See also The Pennines rise along the eastern side of the county, through parts of Oldham, Rochdale and Tameside. The Pennines are a low-rising Mountain range in Northern England and southern Scotland. Oldham is a large town in Greater Manchester, England It lies amongst the Pennines on elevated ground between the rivers Irk and Medlock Rochdale is a large Market town in Greater Manchester, England The Metropolitan Borough of Tameside is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester in North West England. The West Pennine Moors, as well as a number of coalfields (mainly sandstones and shales) lie in the west of the county. The West Pennine Moors is an area of approximately 90 square miles of moorland and reservoir scenery located in Lancashire, between the towns of Chorley The rivers Mersey and Tame run through the county boundaries, both of which rise in the Pennines. See also Mersey River (Tasmania and Mersey River (Nova Scotia. The River Tame is a River in Greater Manchester, England. Source Rises on Denshaw Moor Other rivers run through the county, including the Beal, the Douglas and the Irk. The Beal is a small river in Greater Manchester, England, and is a tributary of the River Roch. The River Douglas, also known as the River Asland, is a River that flows through Lancashire and Greater Manchester in the north-west Black Chew Head is the highest point of Greater Manchester, rising 542 metres (1,778 ft) above sea-level, within the parish of Saddleworth. Black Chew Head is the highest point (or county top) of Greater Manchester, and forms part of the Peak District, in northern England. This is a list of metropolitan counties non-metropolitan counties and unitary authorities of England by their highest point. Saddleworth is a Civil parish of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham in Greater Manchester, England [24] Chat Moss at 10. Chat Moss is a large area of peat bog that makes up 30% of the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. 6 square miles (27 km²) comprises the largest area of Grade 1 and 2 farmland in Greater Manchester and contains the largest block of semi-natural woodland in the county. [25]
There is a mix of high density urban areas, suburbs, semi-rural and rural locations in Greater Manchester, but overwhelmingly the land use in the county is urban. South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. Rural areas can be large and isolated (also referred to as "the country" and/or "the countryside over the course of time [26] It has a strong regional central business district, formed by Manchester City Centre and the adjoining parts of Salford and Trafford. A central business district ( CBD) is the commercial and often geographic heart of a city Manchester City Centre is the Central business district of both Manchester and Greater Manchester, in North West England. Salford lies at the heart of the City of Salford, a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. The Metropolitan Borough of Trafford is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England However, Greater Manchester is also a polycentric county with ten metropolitan districts,[26] each of which has a major town centre – and in some cases more than one – and many smaller settlements. Greater Manchester is arguably the most complex urban area in the United Kingdom outside London,[26] and this is reflected in the density of its transport network and the scale of needs for investment to meet the growing and diverse movement demands generated by its development pattern. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom.
The table below outlines many of the county's settlements, and is formatted according to their metropolitan borough.
The Greater Manchester Urban Area is an area of land defined by the Office for National Statistics consisting of the large conurbation surrounding and including the City of Manchester. The Metropolitan borough of Bury is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in the northwest of England. Bury is a town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on the River Irwell, north-northwest of the city of Manchester, west-southwest of Prestwich is a town and residential suburb of Manchester within the Metropolitan Borough of Bury, in Greater Manchester, England. Radcliffe is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Bury, in Greater Manchester, England. Ramsbottom is a small town on the border of Lancashire and Greater Manchester, England. Tottington is a village within the Metropolitan Borough of Bury, in Lancashire, England. Whitefield is a town and residential suburb of Manchester within the Metropolitan Borough of Bury, in Greater Manchester The Metropolitan Borough of Bolton is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. Bolton ( is a large town in Greater Manchester, in the North West region of England. Blackrod is a town and Civil parish of the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, in Greater Manchester, England Farnworth is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton in Greater Manchester, England. Horwich (pronounced "Horrich" is a town and Civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, in Greater Manchester, England Kearsley (or archaically Kersley) is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, in Greater Manchester, England Little Lever is a large village within the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, in Greater Manchester, England. South Turton is an Unparished area of the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, in Greater Manchester, England. Westhoughton is a town and Civil parish of the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton in Greater Manchester, England Manchester City Centre is the Central business district of both Manchester and Greater Manchester, in North West England. Blackley ( IPA /'bleɪklɪ/ "blake-ley" is a district of Manchester, in North West England. Cheetham Hill is a district of Manchester, England located approximately two miles to the north of Manchester city centre. Chorlton-cum-Hardy is a suburban area of the City of Manchester, North West England, known locally as Chorlton. Didsbury (ˈdɪdzbəri is a suburban area of the City of Manchester, in Greater Manchester, England Ringway is a Civil parish in the extreme south of the City of Manchester in Greater Manchester, England. Withington is a suburban area of the City of Manchester, in North West England. Wythenshawe (pop 66000 is a district in the south of the City of Manchester in North West England. The Metropolitan Borough of Oldham is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. Oldham is a large town in Greater Manchester, England It lies amongst the Pennines on elevated ground between the rivers Irk and Medlock Chadderton (pop 33000 is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. Shaw and Crompton is a town and Civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England Failsworth is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. The Laboratory for Electromagnetic and Electronic Systems (LEES at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT provides the theoretical basis and component circuit and Royton (pop 21000 is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England Saddleworth is a Civil parish of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham in Greater Manchester, England The Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester in North West England. Rochdale is a large Market town in Greater Manchester, England Heywood is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, in Greater Manchester, England Littleborough is a small town within the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, in Greater Manchester, England. Middleton is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, in Greater Manchester, England. Milnrow (pop 12500 is a small town within the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, in Greater Manchester, England Newhey ( archaically New Hey) is a village within the Milnrow area of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, in Greater Manchester The City of Salford is a Local government district of Greater Manchester, England with the status of a city and Metropolitan borough. Swinton is a town within the Metropolitan borough of the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. Eccles is a town within the Metropolitan borough of the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. Walkden is a town within the Metropolitan borough of the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. Worsley is a town within the Metropolitan borough of the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. Salford lies at the heart of the City of Salford, a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. Irlam is a town within the Metropolitan borough of the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. Pendlebury is a town within the Metropolitan borough of the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England Cadishead is a town in the Metropolitan borough of the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. The Metropolitan Borough of Stockport is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in north west England, centered around the town of Stockport Stockport ( is a large town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on elevated ground on the River Mersey at the influx of the rivers Goyt Bramhall is an area of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, in Greater Manchester, England. Bredbury is a village within the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, in Greater Manchester, England. Cheadle is a small town in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport in Greater Manchester, England Gatley is a suburban area of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, in Greater Manchester, England. Hazel Grove is a village within the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, in Greater Manchester, England. Marple is a large village within the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, in Greater Manchester, England. Romiley is an area of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, Greater Manchester, England. The Metropolitan Borough of Tameside is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester in North West England. Ashton-under-Lyne (pop 43200 is a Market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside, Greater Manchester, England Audenshaw is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside in Greater Manchester, England. Denton is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside, Greater Manchester, England. Droylsden is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside, in Greater Manchester, England. Dukinfield is a small town within Tameside, in Greater Manchester, England. Hyde is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside, in Greater Manchester, England. Longdendale is a valley in the north west of England, north of Glossop and south east of Holmfirth. Mossley is a small town and Civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside, in Greater Manchester, England. Stalybridge is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside, in Greater Manchester, England The Metropolitan Borough of Trafford is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England Stretford (pop 37500 is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England Altrincham () is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England. Bowdon is a village in the Altrincham area of the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England. Hale is a large village and electoral ward within the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England. Old Trafford is an area of Stretford in Greater Manchester, England. Sale (pop 55234 is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England southwest of Manchester City Centre. Urmston ( is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England with a population of around 46000 The Metropolitan Borough of Wigan is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. Wigan is a large town in Greater Manchester, England. It stands on the River Douglas, south of Preston, west-northwest of Manchester Abram is a village within the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, in Greater Manchester, England. Ashton-in-Makerfield (or archaically Ashton-in-the-Willows) is a town both in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, Greater Manchester Astley is a large village and component area of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan in Greater Manchester, England. Atherton is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, Greater Manchester, England. Bryn (which is Welsh for mole hill is a component area of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, in Greater Manchester, England. Golborne is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, in Greater Manchester, England. Higher End or Billinge Higher End is a district of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, in Greater Manchester, England. Hindley is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan in Greater Manchester, England. Ince-in-Makerfield, usually known just as Ince is a district of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, in Greater Manchester, England. Leigh is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, in Greater Manchester, England Orrell is a district of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, in Greater Manchester, England. Standish-with-Langtree is a ward of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, in Greater Manchester, England, including Standish and Langtree Shevington is a village and Civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, in Greater Manchester, England. Tyldesley (pronounced "tils-lee" is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, in Greater Manchester, England. Winstanley is a district of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, in Greater Manchester, England. The Greater Manchester Urban Area is an area of land defined by the Office for National Statistics consisting of the large Conurbation surrounding and including the The Office for National Statistics (ONS is the executive office of the UK Statistics Authority, a non-ministerial department which reports directly Its territory spans much, but not all of the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester. It excludes settlements such as Wigan and Marple from the Greater Manchester county boundaries (Wigan itself forming the Wigan Urban Area), but includes some settlements which are outside of the county boundaries, such as Wilmslow and Alderley Edge in Cheshire, and Whitworth in Lancashire. Wigan is a large town in Greater Manchester, England. It stands on the River Douglas, south of Preston, west-northwest of Manchester The Wigan Urban Area is an area of land defined by the Office for National Statistics consisting of the built-up or 'urbanised' area containing Wigan in Greater Wilmslow is a town in the Borough of Macclesfield in Cheshire, England. Alderley Edge is a village and Civil parish in Cheshire, England. Cheshire (or archaically the County of Chester) is a county in North West England. Whitworth is a village and Civil parish within the Rossendale borough of Lancashire, England. Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea Although neither the Greater Manchester county, nor the Greater Manchester Urban Area have been granted city status in the United Kingdom, European Union literature suggests that the conurbation surrounding Manchester constitutes a homogonous urban city region. The Greater Manchester Urban Area is an area of land defined by the Office for National Statistics consisting of the large Conurbation surrounding and including the The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The term city region has been in use since about 1950 by Urbanists, Economists and Urban planners to mean not just the administrative area of a recognisable [27]
Greater Manchester experiences a temperate maritime climate, like most of the British Isles, with relatively cool summers and mild winters. An oceanic climate (also called marine west coast climate and maritime climate) is the Climate typically found along the west coasts at the middle latitudes The British Isles (Irish variously Na hOileáin Bhriotanacha, Oileáin Iarthair Eorpa, Éire agus an Bhreatain Mhór; Ellanyn Goaldagh Eileanan The county's average annual rainfall is 806. 6 millimetres (31. 76 in)[28] compared to the UK average of 1,125. 0 millimetres (44. 29 in),[29] and its mean rain days are 140. 4 per annum,[28] compared to the UK average of 154. 4. [29] The mean temperature is slightly above average for the United Kingdom;[30] Greater Manchester also has a relatively high humidity level, which lent itself to the optimised and breakage-free textile manufacturing which took place around the county. Snowfall is not a common sight in the built up areas, due to the urban warming effect. Urban climate refers to climatic conditions in an Urban area that differ from neighboring Rural areas and are attributable to Urban development However, the Pennine and Rossendale Forest hills around the eastern and northern edges of the county receive more snow, and roads leading out of the county can be closed due to heavy snowfall,[31] notably the A62 road via Standedge, the A57 (Snake Pass) towards Sheffield,[32] and the M62 over Saddleworth Moor. The Pennines are a low-rising Mountain range in Northern England and southern Scotland. The Rossendale Forest is the area of hills in Lancashire, England between the Manchester basin and the upper Ribble valley The A62 is a major Road in England that runs between the two major cities of Manchester and Leeds. Standedge (normally pronounced Stannige) is a Moorland Escarpment in the Pennine Hills of northern England. The A57 is a major road in England. It runs east from Liverpool to Lincoln, via Warrington and Manchester, then through the The Snake Pass is the name given to the higher reaches of the A57 road where it crosses the Peak District between Manchester and Sheffield in Sheffield ( is a city and Metropolitan borough in South Yorkshire, England The M62 motorway is a west&ndasheast trans-Pennine Motorway in northern England, connecting the cities of Liverpool and Hull Saddleworth Moor is an area of sparsley populated Moorland and dark millstone grit scenery typical of the West Yorkshire and East Lancashire Pennine hills of northern
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high °C (°F) | 6. 4 (43. 5) | 6. 6 (43. 9) | 8. 9 (48. 0) | 11. 6 (52. 9) | 15. 3 (59. 5) | 18. 2 (64. 8) | 19. 6 (67. 3) | 19. 5 (67. 1) | 17. 0 (62. 6) | 13. 7 (56. 7) | 9. 1 (48. 4) | 7. 1 (44. 8) | |
| Avg low temperature °C (°F) | 1. 3 (34. 3) | 1. 2 (34. 2) | 2. 5 (36. 5) | 4. 3 (39. 7) | 7. 3 (45. 1) | 10. 2 (50. 4) | 12. 0 (53. 6) | 11. 9 (53. 4) | 10. 0 (50. 0) | 7. 5 (45. 5) | 3. 6 (38. 5) | 2. 0 (35. 6) | |
| Mean Total Rainfall mm | 69 | 50 | 61 | 51 | 61 | 67 | 65 | 79 | 74 | 77 | 78 | 78 | |
| Mean Number of Rainy Days | 18. 2 | 13. 1 | 15. 6 | 14. 4 | 15. 1 | 14. 4 | 13. 6 | 15. 0 | 15. 0 | 16. 5 | 17. 0 | 17. 4 | |
| Source: Worldweather.org taken between 1971 and 2000 at the Met Office weather station at Manchester Airport. Manchester Airport is a major Airport in the vicinity of Manchester, England, and the largest airport in the United Kingdom outside the | |||||||||||||
Governance
- See also: List of Parliamentary constituencies in Greater Manchester, List of civil parishes in Greater Manchester, and High Sheriff of Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester is divided into 28 Parliamentary constituencies – 18 Borough constituencies and 10 County constituencies. In the United Kingdom (UK, each of the electoral areas or divisions called constituencies elects one or more members to a parliament or assembly In the United Kingdom (UK, each of the electoral areas or divisions called constituencies elects one or more members to a parliament or assembly In the United Kingdom (UK, each of the electoral areas or divisions called constituencies elects one or more members to a parliament or assembly Most of Greater Manchester is controlled by the Labour party, and is generally considered a Labour stronghold,[33][34] with only four constituencies (since the 2005 General Election) belonging to the Liberal Democrats, and one constituency to the Conservative party. The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Results Overview For events leading up to the date of the election see article Pre-election day events of the United Kingdom general The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a liberal Political party in the United Kingdom, formed in 1988 by merging the The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Local governance in Greater Manchester is currently provided by the councils of ten districts, known as metropolitan boroughs, these are: Bolton, Bury, the City of Manchester, Oldham, Rochdale, the City of Salford, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford and Wigan. The pattern of local government in England is complex with the distribution of functions varying according to the local arrangements The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government A metropolitan borough is a type of local government district in England covering urban areas within metropolitan counties. The Metropolitan Borough of Bolton is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. The Metropolitan borough of Bury is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in the northwest of England. The Metropolitan Borough of Oldham is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. The Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester in North West England. The City of Salford is a Local government district of Greater Manchester, England with the status of a city and Metropolitan borough. The Metropolitan Borough of Stockport is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in north west England, centered around the town of Stockport The Metropolitan Borough of Tameside is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester in North West England. The Metropolitan Borough of Trafford is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England The Metropolitan Borough of Wigan is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England.
Each Metropolitan Borough comprises a large town (usually having formed a county borough before 1974) together with the surrounding smaller towns, villages and countryside. County borough is a term introduced in 1889 in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (excluding Scotland) to refer to a Borough or a City Most of the names are self explanatory, for example the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport is centred on the town of Stockport, though includes other smaller towns, such as Cheadle, Gatley, and Bramhall. Stockport ( is a large town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on elevated ground on the River Mersey at the influx of the rivers Goyt Cheadle is a small town in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport in Greater Manchester, England Gatley is a suburban area of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, in Greater Manchester, England. Bramhall is an area of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, in Greater Manchester, England. [35] The names of two of the metropolitan boroughs are not as obvious however. For these, a neutral name was chosen because, at the time they were created, there was no agreement on the town to be put forward as the administrative centre and neither had a county borough. Administrative centre (in Norwegian administrativt senter; in Portuguese centro administrativo) is often used in several countries to refer to County borough is a term introduced in 1889 in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (excluding Scotland) to refer to a Borough or a City These boroughs are Tameside and Trafford, centred on Ashton-under-Lyne and Stretford, respectively. The Metropolitan Borough of Tameside is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester in North West England. The Metropolitan Borough of Trafford is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England Ashton-under-Lyne (pop 43200 is a Market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside, Greater Manchester, England Stretford (pop 37500 is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England [35]
For the first 12 years after the county was created in 1974, the county had a two-tier system of local government, and the metropolitan borough councils shared power with the Greater Manchester County Council. Local government in the United Kingdom is arranged into four different systems with one each for England Northern Ireland Scotland and Wales The Greater Manchester County Council (also known as Greater Manchester Council and GMC) was from 1974 to 1986 the upper-tier administrative body [36] However in 1986, along with the five other metropolitan county councils and the Greater London Council, the Greater Manchester County Council was abolished, and most of its powers were devolved to the boroughs, which effectively became unitary authorities. The metropolitan counties are a type of county-level Administrative division of England. The Greater London Council (GLC was the top-tier Local government administrative body for Greater London from 1965 to 1986 See also Independent city A unitary authority is a type of Local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all Local government functions [36] Various civil parishes exist in certain parts of Greater Manchester. A civil parish in the United Kingdom is a unit of local government.
Although the county council, which was based in what is now Westminster House in Piccadilly Gardens, has been abolished, a number of local government functions take place at the county level. A County council is the elected administrative body governing an area known as a County. Piccadilly Gardens is a green space in Manchester city centre, England, situated at one end of Market Street (a busy shopping area and on the The ten authorities of Greater Manchester co-operate through the Association of Greater Manchester Authorities (AGMA), which meets to create a co-ordinated county-wide approach to many issues. The Association of Greater Manchester Authorities ( AGMA) is an association which represents the ten Local authorities of Greater Manchester, a Metropolitan The AGMA funds some county-wide bodies such as the Greater Manchester County Records Office. The Greater Manchester County Record Office, is located in Manchester, in North West England. Through the AGMA, the ten authorities of Greater Manchester co-operate on many policy issues, including jointly producing a county-wide Local Transport Plan. Local transport plans, divided into full local transport plans ( LTP) and local implementation plans for transport ( LIP) are an important [37] Also, some local services are still provided county-wide, but are now administered by statutory joint boards of the ten districts. Local government in the United Kingdom is arranged into four different systems with one each for England Northern Ireland Scotland and Wales These are Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive, (GMPTE) which is responsible for planning and co-ordinating public transport across the county; the Greater Manchester Police, who are overseen by a joint Police authority; the Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service, who are administered by a joint "Fire and Rescue Authority"; and the Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority. The Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive ( GMPTE) is the public body ( Passenger Transport Executive) responsible for co-ordinating Public transport Greater Manchester Police (" GMP " is the Home Office Police force responsible for policing the Metropolitan county of Greater A police authority in the United Kingdom, is a body charged with securing efficient and effective Policing of an area served by a Territorial police force The Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service is the county-wide statutory emergency fire and rescue service for the Metropolitan county of The Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority (GMWDA is a Waste disposal authority created under the Local Government Act 1985 to carry out the Waste These joint boards are made up of councillors appointed from each of the ten boroughs (except the Waste Disposal Authority, which does not include the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan). The Metropolitan Borough of Wigan is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. The ten boroughs jointly own the Manchester Airport Group which controls Manchester Airport and three other UK airports. The Manchester Airports Group (abbreviated MAG) is a Holding company owned by the ten metropolitan borough councils of Greater Manchester, in Manchester Airport is a major Airport in the vicinity of Manchester, England, and the largest airport in the United Kingdom outside the Other services are directly funded and managed by the local councils.
Greater Manchester is a ceremonial county with its own Lord-Lieutenant who is the personal representative of the monarch. The ceremonial counties are areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant, and are defined by the government as the Counties for the purposes of the Lieutenancies The title Lord Lieutenant is given to the British Monarch 's personal representatives in the United Kingdom, usually in a county or similar circumscription with varying The Local Government Act 1972 provided that the whole of the area to be covered by the new metropolitan county of Greater Manchester would also be included in the Duchy of Lancaster – extending the duchy to include areas which were formerly in the counties of Cheshire and the West Riding of Yorkshire. The Duchy of Lancaster is one of the two Royal Duchies in England, the other being the Duchy of Cornwall, and is the personal (inherited property of the Thus, the Lord Lieutenant and High Sheriff of Greater Manchester are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster rather than, as is more usual, the recommendation of the Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain. The office of Lord Lieutenant of Greater Manchester was created on 1 April 1974 The Office of High Sheriff of Greater Manchester is the ceremonial position of High Sheriff appointed to Greater Manchester, a Metropolitan county in The Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster is in modern times a Sinecure office in the Government of the United Kingdom. The Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, or Lord Chancellor is a senior and important functionary in the Government of the United Kingdom. The first Lord Lieutenant of Greater Manchester was Sir William Downward who held the title from 1974 to 1988. [38] The current Lord Lieutenant is Warren James Smith. [39] As a geographic county, Greater Manchester is used by the government (via the Office for National Statistics) for the gathering of county-wide statistics, and organising and collating general register and census material. The Office for National Statistics (ONS is the executive office of the UK Statistics Authority, a non-ministerial department which reports directly A statistic (singular is the result of applying a function (statistical Algorithm) to a set of data. [40]
Demography
Greater Manchester has a population of 2,547,700, making it the third most populous county in the United Kingdom (after Greater London and the West Midlands). This is a List of Ceremonial counties of England by Population. Greater London is the top-level administrative subdivision covering London, England. The West Midlands is a Metropolitan county in western central England with a population of 2591300 It is the seventh most densely populated county of England.
Greater Manchester is home to a diverse population and is a multicultural agglomeration with significant ethnic minority population comprising 8. 49% of the total population. [41] There are currently over 66 refugee nationalities in the county. According to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, a refugee is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race [42] As of the 2001 UK census, 74. 2% of Greater Manchester's residents were Christian, 5. 0% Muslim, 0. 9% Jewish, 0. 7% Hindu, 0. 2% Buddhist, and 0. 1% Sikh. 11. 4% had no religion, 0. 2% had an alternative religion and 7. 4% did not state their religion. This was broadly similar to the rest of the country, although the relative size of the Muslim and Jewish communities are nearly double the national average. [43] Greater Manchester is covered by the Roman Catholic Dioceses of Salford and Shrewsbury,[44][45] and the Archdiocese of Liverpool. Most of Greater Manchester is part of the Anglican Diocese of Manchester,[46] apart from Wigan which lies within the Diocese of Liverpool. The Diocese of Manchester is a Diocese of the Church of England in the Province of York. The Metropolitan Borough of Wigan is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. The Diocese of Liverpool is a Church of England Diocese based in Liverpool, covering Merseyside north of the River Mersey along [47]
Following the deindustrialisation of Greater Manchester in the mid-20th century, there was a significant economic and population decline in the region, particularly in Manchester and Salford. Deindustrialization (also spelled deindustrialisation) is a process of Social and Economic change caused by the removal or reduction of industrial [48][49] Vast areas of low-quality squalid terraced housing that were built throughout the Victorian era were found to be in a poor state of repair and unsuited to modern needs; many inner-city districts suffered from chronic social deprivation and high levels of unemployment. In Architecture and City planning, a terrace(d or row house or townhouse (though the latter term can also refer to Patio houses Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities The inner city is the central area of a major city or metropolis [49][50] Slum clearance and the increased building of social housing overspill estates by Salford and Manchester City Councils lead to a decrease in population in central Greater Manchester. Urban Renewal (similar to Urban Regeneration in British English) is a controversial U Public housing is a form of Housing tenure in which the property is owned by a Government authority which may be central or local An overspill estate is a Housing estate planned and built for the rehousing of people from decaying Inner city areas usually as part of the process of Slum [51] During the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, the population of Greater Manchester declined by over 8,000 inhabitants a year. [49] Although the City of Manchester lost over half its population during this time (from 766,311 in 1931 to 452,000 in 2006), the total population of Greater Manchester remained almost stable. [49]
| Population totals for Greater Manchester | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Population | Year | Population | Year | Population | ||
| 1801 |
|
1871 |
|
1941 |
|
||
| 1811 |
|
1881 |
|
1951 |
|
||
| 1821 |
|
1891 |
|
1961 |
|
||
| 1831 |
|
1901 |
|
1971 |
|
||
| 1841 |
|
1911 |
|
1981 |
|
||
| 1851 |
|
1921 |
|
1991 |
|
||
| 1861 |
|
1931 |
|
2001 |
|
||
| Pre-1974 statistics were gathered from local government areas that now comprise Greater Manchester Source: Great Britain Historical GIS. The Great Britain Historical GIS (or GBHGIS) is a spatially-enabled database that documents and visualises the changing Human geography of Great Britain [52] |
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Greater Manchester's housing stock comprises a variety of types. Manchester City Centre is noted for its high-rise apartments,[53] whilst Salford has some of the tallest and densely populated tower block estates in Europe. Manchester City Centre is the Central business district of both Manchester and Greater Manchester, in North West England. Salford lies at the heart of the City of Salford, a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume A tower block, block of flats, or apartment block, is a multi-unit High-rise Apartment building. Throughout Greater Manchester, rows of terraced houses are common. In Architecture and City planning, a terrace(d or row house or townhouse (though the latter term can also refer to Patio houses Most of these were constructed during the Victorian and Edwardian periods. Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities Class and society Socially the Edwardian era was a period during which the British Class system was very rigid The Housing Market Renewal Initiative has identified Manchester, Salford, Rochdale and Oldham as areas with terraced housing unsuited to modern needs. The Housing Market Renewal Initiative ( HMRI) is a package of policies in the United Kingdom aimed to improve housing in England Rochdale is a large Market town in Greater Manchester, England Oldham is a large town in Greater Manchester, England It lies amongst the Pennines on elevated ground between the rivers Irk and Medlock Although Greater Manchester has a reputation as an urban sprawl, the county does have areas of green belt, and includes some of the most affluent areas in the country;[54] Altrincham, with its neighbours Bowdon and Hale, is said to constitute a "stockbroker belt", with well-appointed dwellings in an area of sylvan opulence. Urban sprawl, also known as suburban sprawl, is the spreading of a city and its Suburbs over rural land at the fringe of an urban area A green belt or greenbelt is a policy or land use designation used in Land use planning to retain areas of largely undeveloped wild or agricultural land Altrincham () is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England. Bowdon is a village in the Altrincham area of the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England. Hale is a large village and electoral ward within the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England. A stock broker or stockbroker is a qualified and regulated professional who buys and sells shares and other securities through Market makers or Sylvan or Silvan refers to an association with the woods. Specifically that which inhabits the wood is made of Tree materials or comprises the Forest [10]
Education
- See also: List of schools in Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester has four universities: the University of Bolton, the University of Manchester, Manchester Metropolitan University, and the University of Salford. The List of schools in Greater Manchester, England is divided by metropolitan borough The University of Bolton (formerly Bolton Institute of Higher Education) is a University in Bolton, Greater Manchester, England The University of Manchester is a " red brick " civic University located in Manchester, England. Manchester Metropolitan University is a university based in the city of Manchester. The University of Salford is a Plate glass university based in Salford Greater Manchester, England, with approximately 20000 registered students Together with the Royal Northern College of Music they had a combined population of students in higher education of 101,165 in 2007 – the third highest number in England behind Greater London (360,890) and the West Midlands (140,980),[55] and the thirteenth highest in England per head of population. The Royal Northern College of Music or RNCM is a conservatoire in Manchester, England. Higher education is Education that is provided by universities, vocational universities, Community colleges Liberal arts colleges Greater London is the top-level administrative subdivision covering London, England. The West Midlands is a Metropolitan county in western central England with a population of 2591300 [56] The majority of students are concentrated on Oxford Road in Manchester, Europe's largest urban higher education precinct. Wilmslow Road is a major thoroughfare in South Manchester, England running from Parrs Wood to Manchester City Centre. [57]
Primary, secondary and further education within Greater Manchester are the responsibility of the constituent boroughs which form local education authorities and administer schools and colleges of further education. Primary education is the first stage of Compulsory education. Australia See also Education Further education (often abbreviated "FE" is Post-secondary Education (in addition to that received at Secondary school) that is distinct from A school (from Greek σχολεῖον - scholeion) is an Institution designed to allow and encourage Students (or "pupils" Further education (often abbreviated "FE" is Post-secondary Education (in addition to that received at Secondary school) that is distinct from The county is also home to a number of notable independent schools such as Manchester Grammar School, Bolton School and Bury Grammar School. An independent school is a school which is not dependent upon national or local Government for financing its operation and is instead operated by tuition charges gifts and The Manchester Grammar School ( MGS) is an independent boys' school (ages 9-18 in Fallowfield, Manchester, England. Bolton School is an independent school in Bolton, Greater Manchester, in the North-West of England. Bury Grammar School is an independent Grammar school in Bury, Greater Manchester, England that has existed since c
Economy
Greater Manchester made much of its wealth during the Industrial Revolution with the world's first cotton mill built in the town of Royton. A cotton mill is a Factory housing spinning and Weaving Machinery Cotton was a leading sector in the Industrial Revolution, as cotton Royton (pop 21000 is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England [58][59] Encompassing several former mill towns, an Association for Industrial Archaeology publication describes Greater Manchester as "one of the classic areas of industrial and urban growth in Britain, the result of a combination of forces that came together in the 18th and 19th centuries: a phenomenal rise in population, the appearance of the specialist industrial town, a transport revolution, and weak local lordship". A Mill town, also known as factory town or mill village, is typically a settlement that developed around one or more mills or factories (usually Cotton mills The Association for Industrial Archaeology, or AIA, is a body supporting the excavation reporting and preservation of the physical remains of the Industrial Revolution [60] Much of the county was at the forefront of textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution and into the early 20th century,[61][60] and this is represented by former textile mills found throughout the county. With the establishment of overseas colonies, the British Empire at the end of the 17th century/beginning of the 18th century had a vast source of raw materials and a vast market A cotton mill is a Factory housing spinning and Weaving Machinery Cotton was a leading sector in the Industrial Revolution, as cotton [60]
The territory that makes up Greater Manchester experienced a rapid decline of these traditional sectors, partly during the Lancashire Cotton famine brought on by the American Civil War, but mainly as part of the post-war economic depression and deindustrialisation of Britain that occurred during the 20th century. The Lancashire Cotton Famine, also known as The Cotton Famine or the Cotton Panic (1861 &ndash 1865 was a depression in the textile industry in northwest Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South This article deals with the effects of the Great Depression of the 1930s - also known as the Great Slump - on the United Kingdom. Deindustrialization (also spelled deindustrialisation) is a process of Social and Economic change caused by the removal or reduction of industrial [49] Considerable industrial restructuring has helped the region to recover. [62] Historically, the docks at Salford Quays were an industrial port, though are now (following a period of disuse) a commercial and residential area which includes the Imperial War Museum North, The Lowry theatre and exhibition centre. Salford Quays is an area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England, near the end of the Manchester Ship Canal. The Imperial War Museum North is a War museum at The Quays Trafford Wharf Trafford Park, Greater Manchester M17 1TZ England, a part of The Lowry is a combined theatre and gallery complex situated in Salford Quays, in Greater Manchester, England. A major BBC centre is also scheduled to open there in 2010. [63]
Today, Greater Manchester is the economic centre of the North West region of England and is the largest sub-regional economy in the UK outside London and South East England. North West England is one of the nine official Regions of England. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. South East England is one of the nine official Regions of England. [64] Greater Manchester represents more than £42 billion of the UK regional GVA, more than Wales, Northern Ireland or North East England. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of North-East England is one of the nine official Regions of England and comprises the combined area of Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and Wear [65] Manchester City Centre, the central business district of Greater Manchester, is a major centre of trade and commerce. Manchester City Centre is the Central business district of both Manchester and Greater Manchester, in North West England. A central business district ( CBD) is the commercial and often geographic heart of a city Manchester today is a centre of the arts, the media, higher education and commerce. The arts is a broad subdivision of Culture, composed of many expressive disciplines. The news media refers to the section of the Mass media that focuses on presenting current News to the public Higher education is Education that is provided by universities, vocational universities, Community colleges Liberal arts colleges Commerce is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of goods and services from producer to final consumer In a poll of British business leaders published in 2006, Manchester was regarded as the best place in the UK to locate a business. [66] A report commissioned by Manchester Partnership, published in 2007, showed Manchester to be the "fastest-growing city" economically. [67] It is the third most visited city in the United Kingdom by foreign visitors[68] and is now often considered to be the second city of the UK. [69] The Trafford Centre is one of the largest indoor shopping centres in Europe and is located within the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford. The Trafford Centre is a large indoor shopping centre located in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford in Greater Manchester, England The Metropolitan Borough of Trafford is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England
As of the 2001 UK census, there were 1,805,315 residents of Greater Manchester aged 16 to 74. The economic activity of these people was 40. 3% in full-time employment, 11. 3% in part-time employment, 6. 7% self-employed, 3. 5% unemployed, 5. 1% students without jobs, 2. 6% students with jobs, 13. 0% retired, 6. 1% looking after home or family, 7. 8% permanently sick or disabled and 3. 5% economically inactive for other reasons. The figures follow the national trend, although the percentage of self-employed people is below the national average of 8. 3%. [70] The proportion of unemployment in the county varies, with the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport having the lowest at 2. The Metropolitan Borough of Stockport is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in north west England, centered around the town of Stockport 0% and the City of Manchester the highest at 7. 9%. [71] In 2001, of the 1,093,385 residents of Greater Manchester in employment, the industry of employment was 18. 4% retail and wholesale, 16. 7% manufacturing, 11. 8% property and business services, 11. 6% health and social work, 8. 0% education, 7. 3% transport and communications, 6. 7% construction, 4. 9% public administration and defence, 4. 7% hotels and restaurants, 4. 1% finance, 0. 8% energy and water supply, 0. 5% agriculture, and 4. 5% other. This was roughly in line with national figures, except for the proportion of jobs in agriculture which is only about a third of the national average of 1. 5%, due to the overwhelmingly urban, built-up land use of Greater Manchester. Land use' is also often used to refer to the distinct land use types in Zoning. [72][73]
| Regional gross value added by the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester at current basic prices. Figures are in millions of British pounds sterling. [74] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Regional Gross Value Added[A] | Agriculture[B] | Industry[C] | Services[D] |
| 1995 | 25,368 | 59 | 8,344 | 16,966 |
| 2000 | 32,995 | 38 | 8,817 | 24,140 |
| 2003 | 38,300 | 48 | 8,973 | 29,279 |
| 2005[75] | 42,082 | -- | ----- | ------ |
Transport
- See also: Transport in Manchester, Manchester Metrolink, Manchester Congestion Charge, and List of railway stations in Greater Manchester
Public transport services in Greater Manchester are co-ordinated by the Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive (GMPTE), a public body (Passenger Transport Executive) established as SELNEC PTE in 1969 in accordance with the Transport Act 1968. The transport infrastructure of the City of Manchester is served by numerous transport modes and forms an integral part of the structure Greater Manchester and the North Manchester Metro redirects here - for the Manchester Metroshuttle free bus routes see Metroshuttle or First Manchester Manchester Metrolink Greater Manchester, a Metropolitan county in North West England, has a rail network of 142 route miles (229 km and 100 stations. Manchester Metro redirects here - for the Manchester Metroshuttle free bus routes see Metroshuttle or First Manchester Manchester Metrolink The Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive ( GMPTE) is the public body ( Passenger Transport Executive) responsible for co-ordinating Public transport In the United Kingdom, Passenger Transport Executives (PTEs are local government bodies which are responsible for Public transport within large urban areas The Transport Act 1968 (1968 c73 was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. [10] The original SELNEC Passenger Transport Authority was taken over by the Greater Manchester County Council on 1 April 1974 in order to co-ordinate bus and rail services within the new county. The Greater Manchester County Council (also known as Greater Manchester Council and GMC) was from 1974 to 1986 the upper-tier administrative body Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. [10] The council had overall responsibility for the strategic planning and all policy decisions in transportation planning convering public transport and highways. GMPTE's purpose was to secure, through its Executive, the provision of a completely integrated and efficient system of passenger transport to meet the needs of its area. [10] In 1977, it was noted as the largest authority for public transport in the United Kingdom after London Transport. London 's transport forms the hub of the road rail and air networks in the United Kingdom. [10]
Greater Manchester lies at the heart of the North West transport network. North West England is one of the nine official Regions of England. Much of the infrastructure is centred on the City of Manchester with the Manchester Inner Ring Road, an amalgamation of several major roads, circulating the city centre. Manchester and Salford Inner Relief Route is a Ring Road in Greater Manchester, England. The county is the only place in the UK to have a fully orbital motorway,[76] the M60, which cuts through all of the boroughs except Bolton and Wigan. The M60 motorway is an orbital Motorway circling Greater Manchester, a Metropolitan county in North West England. Bolton ( is a large town in Greater Manchester, in the North West region of England. Wigan is a large town in Greater Manchester, England. It stands on the River Douglas, south of Preston, west-northwest of Manchester Greater Manchester has a higher percentage of the motorway network than any other county in the country,[77] and according to the Guinness Book of World Records, it has the most traffic lanes side by side (17), spread across several parallel carriageways (M61 at Linnyshaw Moss, Greater Manchester, close to the M60 interchange). Motorway is a term for both a type of Road and a classification or designation Guinness World Records, known until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records (and in previous U The M61 motorway is a major road in England. It runs from the M60 motorway north west of Manchester, and heads north west past Bolton and [78] Greater Manchester's 85 miles (137 km) of motorway network saw 5. 8 billion vehicle kilometres in 2002—about 6% of the UK's total, or 89,000 vehicles a day. [76] The A580 "East Lancs" road is a primary A road that connects Manchester and Salford with Liverpool. The A580 is a primary A road in England that connects Manchester and Liverpool or the Liverpool-East Lancashire Road The United Kingdom Road Network is an extensive network of routes connecting its settlements The network is of varied quality and capacity The Great Britain road numbering scheme is a Numbering system used to classify and identify all Roads in Great Britain. Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary It was the UK's first purpose-built intercity highway and was officially opened by King George V on 18 July 1934. Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [79] The Manchester Congestion Charge is a proposed scheme of road pricing for Greater Manchester county. Road pricing is an economic concept regarding the various direct charges applied for the use of Roads The road charges includes Fuel taxes licence fees [80][81] Unlike the current version of the London scheme, two cordons will be used, one covering the main urban core of the Greater Manchester Urban Area and another covering the Manchester City Centre. The London congestion charge is a fee for some motorists travelling within those parts of London designated as the Congestion Charge Zone (CCZ The Greater Manchester Urban Area is an area of land defined by the Office for National Statistics consisting of the large Conurbation surrounding and including the Manchester City Centre is the Central business district of both Manchester and Greater Manchester, in North West England. [82]
There is an extensive bus network which radiates from Manchester City Centre, the largest providers are First Manchester for the northern parts of the county and Stagecoach Manchester for the southern parts. Manchester City Centre is the Central business district of both Manchester and Greater Manchester, in North West England. First Manchester is one of the bus companies serving Greater Manchester, a metropolitan county in North West England. Stagecoach Manchester is the trading name of Greater Manchester Buses South Limited and is a major operator of Bus services in the English city of Manchester In addition to the network of bus routes a light rail system began operating in 1992 called Manchester Metrolink. Manchester Metro redirects here - for the Manchester Metroshuttle free bus routes see Metroshuttle or First Manchester Manchester Metrolink The tram system serves the City of Manchester, City of Salford, Bury and Trafford. The City of Salford is a Local government district of Greater Manchester, England with the status of a city and Metropolitan borough. Bury is a town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on the River Irwell, north-northwest of the city of Manchester, west-southwest of The Metropolitan Borough of Trafford is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England An expansion of the system is due to begin in 2008 which will see the system run to all boroughs except Bolton and Wigan. Greater Manchester has a rail network of 142 route miles (229 km) with 98 stations, forming a central hub to the North West rail network. Greater Manchester, a Metropolitan county in North West England, has a rail network of 142 route miles (229 km and 100 stations. [83] Train services are provided by private operators and run on the national rail network which is owned and managed by Network Rail. Network Rail is a British "not for dividend" Company limited by guarantee whose principal asset is Network Rail Infrastructure Limited a company limited An extensive canal network also remains from the Industrial Revolution. Manchester Airport, which is the fourth largest in the United Kingdom, serves the county with flights to more destinations than any other airport in the UK:[84] since June 2007 it has served 225 routes. Manchester Airport is a major Airport in the vicinity of Manchester, England, and the largest airport in the United Kingdom outside the [85]
The three modes of public transport in the area are heavily used. 19. 7 million rail journeys were made in the GMPTE-supported area in the 2005/2006 financial year – an increase of 9. 4% over 2004/2005; there were 19. 9 million journeys on Metrolink; and the bus system carried 219. 4 million passengers. [84]
Sports
- See also: Sports in Manchester
Manchester hosted the 2002 Commonwealth Games which was, at a cost of £200M for the sporting facilities and a further £470M for local infrastructure, by far the biggest and most expensive sporting event held in the UK and the first to be an integral part of urban regeneration. Sport in Manchester and especially football are an important part of the city's culture The City of Manchester Stadium, which is also known as COMS or Eastlands, is a sports venue in Manchester, England. The 2002 Commonwealth Games were held in Manchester, England from 25 July to 4 August 2002 TalkManchester City FC before changing verbs to singular --> Manchester City Football Club is an English professional football club The 2002 Commonwealth Games were held in Manchester, England from 25 July to 4 August 2002 [86] A mix of new and existing facilities were used. New amenities included the Manchester Aquatics Centre, Bolton Arena, the National Squash Centre, and the City of Manchester Stadium. The Manchester Aquatics Centre is a public Aquatics sports facility south of the center of Manchester, England, north of the main buildings of University Bolton Arena is a multi-purpose indoor Arena, located at the Middlebrook Leisure and Retail Park, in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, Greater Manchester The National Squash Centre is part of the Sportcity complex in Eastlands, Manchester, England which was constructed for the 2002 Commonwealth The City of Manchester Stadium, which is also known as COMS or Eastlands, is a sports venue in Manchester, England. The Manchester Velodrome was built as part of the bid to hold the 2000 Olympic games. Manchester Velodrome is an indoor cycle-racing track (or Velodrome) in Manchester, in the north west of England. [87] After the games the City of Manchester Stadium was converted for football use, and the adjacent warm-up track upgraded to become the Sports City athletics stadium. [88] Other facilities continue to be used by élite athletes. [86] The net amount of regeneration to the area is not easy to quantify. Cambridge Policy Consultants estimate 4500 full-time jobs as a direct consequence, and Grattan points to other long-term benefits from publicity and the improvement of the area's image. [86]
In football four Greater Manchester teams will play in the 2008–09 Premier League. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered The Premier League, colloquially referred to as the Premiership, is an English professional league for football clubs Manchester United F.C. are one of the world's best-known football teams, and in April 2008 Forbes estimated that they were also the world's richest club. Forbes is an American Publishing and media company Its flagship publication Forbes magazine is published bi-weekly [89] They are the current Premier League and UEFA Champions League champions, have won the Premier League/Football League seventeen times, the FA Cup a record eleven times and the Champions League/European cup three times. See also List of European Cup and UEFA Champions League winners The UEFA Champions League, which evolved from the European Champion Clubs' Cup is a seasonal club The Football League First Division was the highest division of The Football League between 1993 and 2004 and the highest division of English football overall between The Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly known as the FA Cup, is a knockout cup competition in English football, run by and named after [90] Their Old Trafford ground has hosted the FA Cup Final and international matches. Since 1990, the stadium has undergone redevelopments costing £114M. [91] Manchester City F.C. moved from Maine Road to the City of Manchester Stadium after the 2002 Commonwealth Games. TalkManchester City FC before changing verbs to singular --> Manchester City Football Club is an English professional football club This article is about the stadium for the football club see Maine Road F Thay have won the Football League twice and the FA Cup four times. [92][93] Bolton Wanderers F.C. have won the FA cup four times. Bolton Wanderers Football Club is an English professional football club based in Horwich, in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, Greater [92] Wigan Athletic F.C. are one of the league's younger sides, and have yet to win a major title. Wigan Athletic Football Club is a professional football team based in Wigan, Greater Manchester, England. [94] In addition, Oldham Athletic A.F.C. and Stockport County F.C., will play in League One; Bury F.C. (two FA Cup wins) and Rochdale A.F.C. will play in League Two. Oldham Athletic Football Club (2004 Ltd, more commonly Oldham Athletic Football Club or informally Oldham Athletic, is an English football club Stockport County Football Club is an English football club based in Stockport, England. Football League One (often referred to as League One for short or Coca-Cola Football League 1 for sponsorship reasons is the second-highest division of The Football Bury Football Club is an English association football team based in Bury, Greater Manchester. Rochdale Association Football Club is a English professional football club based in Rochdale, Greater Manchester. Football League Two (often referred to as League Two for short or Coca-Cola Football League 2 for Sponsorship reasons is the third-highest division of
In rugby union, Stockport's Sale Sharks compete in the Guinness Premiership, and won the league in 2006. Overview See also Playing rugby union A rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes (plus stoppage time with a short Sale Sharks are a professional Rugby union team who play in England in the Guinness Premiership. The English Premiership (known as the Guinness Premiership because of the league's sponsorship by Guinness) is a professional league competition for Rugby [95] Whitefield based Sedgley Park RUFC compete in National Division One, Manchester RUFC in National Division Two and Wigan side Orrell RUFC in National Division Three North. Sedgley Park Rugby Union Football Club are a Rugby union club based in Whitefield, in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury, Greater Manchester National Division One is the second tier of the English Rugby union leagues Manchester Rugby Club, formerly known as Manchester Football Club, are one of the oldest Rugby union teams in existence having been founded in 1860 11 years National Division Two is the third level of domestic Rugby union competition in England Orrell Rugby Union Football Club is a Rugby union team from the Orrell district of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, Greater Manchester National Division Three North is the fourth level of domestic Rugby union competition in Northern England In rugby league, Wigan Warriors compete in the Super League; they have won the Super League/Championship seventeen times, the Challenge Cup seventeen times, and the World Club Challenge three times. History See also History of rugby league The grass roots of rugby league can be traced to early football history, through the playing of ball games Wigan Warriors Rugby League Football Club is a professional Rugby league club based in Wigan, Greater Manchester, England. The Rugby League Championship was the major professional competition organised by the Rugby Football League in Great Britain. The Challenge Cup (as of 2008 known as the Carnegie Challenge Cup for sponsorship reasons is a knockout cup competition for Rugby league clubs across Europe The World Club Challenge (WCC (also referred to as the Carnegie World Club Challenge (CWCC for sponsorship purposes is an annual Rugby league match held between [96] Leigh Centurions, Rochdale Hornets, and Salford City Reds take part in National League One, with Oldham Roughyeds local rivals of Swinton Lions in National League Two. Leigh Centurions are a semi-professional Rugby league club based in Leigh, Greater Manchester, England. Rochdale Hornets is an English Rugby league club from Rochdale, Greater Manchester, England. Salford City Reds is a professional Rugby league club based in Salford in Greater Manchester, England. Media Some games are shown on Sky Sports, games involving Celtic Crusaders are shown on Welsh-language channel S4C. Oldham Roughyeds are a British Rugby league club currently playing in the League Two of the National Leagues. Swinton Lions is a British Rugby league club from Swinton and Pendlebury, Greater Manchester, England.
Lancashire County Cricket Club began as Manchester Cricket Club and represents the area along with the rest of the historic county of Lancashire. Lancashire County Cricket Club is one of the eighteen major county clubs which make up the English domestic Cricket structure representing the historic Cricket may not have reached Lancashire until the 18th century The historic counties of England are ancient subdivisions of England. Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea Lancashire contested the original 1890 County Championship. The County Championship is the domestic first class Cricket competition in England and Wales. The team has won the County Championship eight times, and in 2007 finished third, narrowly missing their first title since 1950. [97] Their Old Trafford ground, near the football stadium of the same name, regularly hosts test matches. The Old Trafford Cricket Ground, usually known as simply Old Trafford, is a Cricket ground situated on Talbot Road in Old Trafford, an area of Test cricket is the longest form of the Sport of Cricket. It has long been considered the ultimate test of playing ability between cricketing nations Possibly the most famous took place in 1956, when Jim Laker took a record nineteen wickets in the fourth test against Australia. James Charles Laker ( February 9 1922 &ndash April 23 1986) was a Cricketer who played for England in the 1950s most famous The Australian cricket team is the national cricket team of Australia. [98] Cheshire County Cricket Club are a minor counties club who sometimes play in the south of the county. The minor counties are the Cricketing counties of England and Wales that are not afforded first class status [99]
The Kirkmanshulme Lane stadium in Belle Vue is the home to top-flight speedway team the Belle Vue Aces and regular greyhound racing. The Belle Vue Aces are a British speedway team from Manchester in the north west of England. Greyhound racing is the Sport of Racing Greyhounds The Dogs chase a lure (traditionally an artificial Hare or Rabbit Professional ice hockey returned to the area in early 2007 with the opening of a purpose-designed rink in Altrincham, the Altrincham Ice Dome, to host the Manchester Phoenix. Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey, is a team Sport played on Ice. Altrincham () is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England. Altrincham Ice Dome is an ice rink in Altrincham, Greater Manchester, England. History In 2002 the Manchester Storm, once the best-supported Ice Hockey club in Europe, went bust Their predecessor, Manchester Storm, went out of business in 2002 due to the overheads of staging matches in the 21,500 capacity Manchester Arena, which is one of the largest indoor venues in Europe. Past Managers/Head Coaches John Lawless 1995&ndash1997 Kurt Kleinendorst 1997&ndash2000 Terry Christensen 2000&ndash2001 The Manchester Evening News Arena or MEN Arena (commonly referred to as just The M [100]
Horse racing has taken place at several sites in the county. This article is about the sport For other uses see Horserace (drinking game or Horse race (politics. The two biggest courses were both known as Manchester Racecourse – though neither was within the boundaries of Manchester – and ran from the 17th century until 1963. Manchester Racecourse was a former Racecourse in Greater Manchester, England. Racing was at Kersal Moor until 1847 when the racecourse at Castle Irwell was opened. Kersal Moor is an area of Moorland in Kersal, within the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England, consisting of eight In 1867 racing was moved to New Barnes, Weaste, until the site was vacated (for a hefty price) in 1901 to allow an expansion to Manchester Docks. Weaste is an Inner city area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. The land is now home to Dock 9 of the re-branded Salford Quays. Salford Quays is an area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England, near the end of the Manchester Ship Canal. Racing then moved back to Castle Irwell which later staged a Classic – the 1941 St. Leger – and was home to the Lancashire Oaks (nowadays run at Haydock Park) and the November Handicap, which was traditionally the last major race of the flat season. In Horse racing in Great Britain, The Classics are a series of horse races run over the flat (i The St Leger Stakes is a Group 1 flat horse race in the United Kingdom open to three-year-old Thoroughbred colts and The Lancashire Oaks is a Group 2 flat horse race in the United Kingdom for three-year-old and above Thoroughbred fillies Haydock Park Racecourse is a racecourse in Haydock, Merseyside, England. The November Handicap is a flat horse race in the United Kingdom for three-year-old and above Thoroughbreds It is run over a distance of 1 Through the late 50s and early 60s the track saw Scobie Breasley and Lester Piggott annually battle out the closing acts of the jockey's title until racing ceased on November 7, 1963. Arthur Edward "Scobie" Breasley ( 7 May 1914 - 21 December 2006) was an Australian Jockey, the winner of the Lester Keith Piggott (born 5 November 1935) is a retired English Jockey, popularly known as "The Long Fellow" Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [101]
Athletics takes place at Sports City, which has hosted numerous national trials, Robin Park in Wigan, Longford Park in Stretford (home to Trafford Athletic Club), Woodbank Stadium in Stockport (home to Stockport Harriers) and the Cleavleys Track in Winton (home to Salford Harriers). Winton is an area located in the north-east of Eccles, within the Metropolitan district of the City of Salford, in Greater As of 2008, new sports facilities including a 10,000 capacity stadium and athletics venue are being constructed at Leigh Sports Village. Leigh Sports Village is sports complex development near Leigh Greater Manchester, England, which will include among other facilities a multi-use outdoor stadium [102]
Culture
Art, tourism, culture and sport provide 16% of employment in Greater Manchester. Urbis is an exhibition centre located in central Manchester, England. The proportion is highest in Manchester. [103]
Greater Manchester has the highest number of theatre seats per head of population outside London. Most, if not all, of the larger theatres are subsidised by local authorities or the North West Regional Arts Board. [104] The Royal Exchange Theatre formed in the 1970s out of a peripatetic group staging plays at venues such as at the University [of Manchester] Theatre and the Apollo Theatre. Royal Exchange Theatre is a producing theatre in St Ann's Square/Exchange Street Manchester, England. The Manchester Apollo is a concert venue in Manchester, England. A season in a temporary stage in the former Royal Exchange, Manchester was followed by funding for a theatre in the round, which opened in 1976. The Royal Exchange is a Victorian building in Manchester, England. Theatre-in-the-round or arena theatre is any Theatre space in which the audience surrounds the stage area [105] The Lowry houses two theatres, used by travelling groups in all the performing arts. The Lowry is a combined theatre and gallery complex situated in Salford Quays, in Greater Manchester, England. [103][106] The Opera House is a 1900-seat venue hosting travelling productions, often musicals just out of the West End. The Opera House in Quay Street Manchester, England is a 1920 seater commercial touring theatre which plays host to touring musicals Ballet, West End theatre is a popular term for mainstream professional theatre staged in the large theatres of London 's "Theatreland" [107] Its sister venue, The Palace hosts generally similar shows. The Palace Theatre Manchester, Oxford Street is one of the main theatres in Manchester, England. The Oldham Playhouse helped launch the careers of Stan Laurel and Charlie Chaplin, and is one of the older theatres in the region. Stan Laurel (born Arthur Stanley Jefferson; June 16, 1890 &ndash February 23, 1965) was an English comic actor writer Its productions are described by the 2007 CityLife guide as 'staunchly populist'—and popular. [107] There are many other venues scattered throughout the county, of all types and sizes. [107]
Art galleries in the county include: Gallery Oldham, which has in the past featured work by Pablo Picasso;[108] The Lowry at Salford Quays, which has a changing display of L. S. Lowry's work alongside travelling exhibitions; Manchester Art Gallery, a major provincial art gallery noted for its collection of Pre-Raphaelite art and housed in a Grade I listed building by Charles Barry;[109] Salford Museum and Art Gallery, a local museum with a recreated Victorian street;[110] and Whitworth Art Gallery, a broad-based gallery now run by the University of Manchester. Gallery Oldham is a free-to-view public Art gallery found in the Cultural Quarter of central Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruíz y Picasso (October 25 1881 &ndash April 8 1973 The Lowry is a combined theatre and gallery complex situated in Salford Quays, in Greater Manchester, England. Laurence Stephen Lowry (1 November 1887 – 23 February 1976 was an English Artist born on Barrett Street Stretford, Lancashire. Manchester Art Gallery is a free-to-view municipally-owned public Art gallery in Manchester City Centre in the North West of England. The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (also known as the Pre-Raphaelites) was a group of English painters Poets, and critics founded in 1848 by Sir Charles Barry FRS ( 23 May 1795 &ndash 12 May 1860) was an English Architect, best known for his role Salford Museum and Art Gallery, in Peel Park Salford, Greater Manchester, was founded in 1850 The Whitworth Art Gallery is an art gallery in Manchester, England, containing about 31000 items in its collection
Greater Manchester has four professional orchestras, all based in Manchester. The Hallé Orchestra is the UK's oldest extant symphony orchestra (and the fourth oldest in the world),[111] supports a choir and a youth orchestra, and releases its recordings on its own record label. The Hallé is a Symphony orchestra based in Manchester, England, it claims the status of "the oldest professional orchestra" in the [112] The Hallé is based at the Bridgwater Hall but often tours, typically giving 70 performances 'at home' and 40 on tour. [112] The BBC Philharmonic Orchestra, one of five BBC orchestras, can trace its history back to the early days of radio broadcasting in 1926. [113] As of 2008 it is based at the BBC's Oxford Road studios,[114] but is expected to move to mediacity:uk in Salford. mediacityUK is a property development based on the media industry located in Salford Quays, in Salford, England. [115] The Manchester Camerata and the Northern Chamber Orchestra are smaller, though professional, organizations. [116] The main classical venue is the 2,341-seat Bridgewater Hall in Manchester, opened in 1996 at a cost of £42M. The Bridgewater Hall is an international Concert venue in Manchester, England. [117] Manchester is also a centre for musical education, via the Royal Northern College of Music and Chetham’s School of Music. The Royal Northern College of Music or RNCM is a conservatoire in Manchester, England. Chetham's School of Music, familiarly known as "Chets" is a specialist Music school in Manchester, United Kingdom. [118]
The main popular music venue is the Manchester Evening News Arena, situated next to Victoria station. The Manchester Evening News Arena or MEN Arena (commonly referred to as just The M Manchester Victoria station is the second of Manchester 's mainline railway stations It seats over 21,000, is the largest arena of its type in Europe, has been voted International Venue of the Year, and for several years was the most popular venue in the world. [119] The sports grounds in the county also host some of the larger pop concerts. [120]
Some of Greater Manchester's museums showcase the county's industrial and social heritage. Industrial heritage is an aspect of Cultural heritage dealing specifically with the Buildings and Artifacts of Industry which are inherited from The Hat Works in Stockport is the UK’s only museum dedicated to the hatting industry; the museum moved in 2000 to a Grade II listed Victorian mill, previously a hat factory. The Hat Works is a Museum located in Stockport, Greater Manchester. "Mad as a hatter" redirects here For the Batman episode see Mad as a Hatter (Batman The Animated Series. [121] The Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester, amongst other displays, charts the rise of science and industry and especially the part Manchester played in its development; the Museums, Libraries and Archives Council described the displays as "pre-eminent collections of national and international importance". The Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester (MOSI located in Manchester, England, is a large Museum devoted to the development of science technology The Museums Libraries and Archives Council ( MLA) is a Non-Departmental Public Body in England with a remit in the area of Museums libraries [122] Urbis is a museum of the modern city that attempts to explain the effects and experiences of life in the city; it has had mixed success since its opening in 2002, but had its most successful year in 2006. Urbis is an exhibition centre located in central Manchester, England. [123] Stockport Air Raid Shelters uses a mile of underground tunnels, built to accommodate 6,500 people, to illustrate life in the second World War's air raid shelters. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including [124] The Imperial War Museum North in Trafford Park is one of the Imperial War Museums five branches. The Imperial War Museum North is a War museum at The Quays Trafford Wharf Trafford Park, Greater Manchester M17 1TZ England, a part of Alongside exhibitions of war machinery are displays describing how peoples’ lives are affected by war. [125] The Museum of Transport in Manchester, which opened in 1979, has one of the largest collection of vehicles in the country. The Museum of Transport Manchester is a museum that aims to preserve and promote the Public transport heritage of the County of Greater Manchester. [126] The People's History Museum is "the national centre for the collection, conservation, interpretation and study of material relating to the history of working people in Britain"; the museum is closed for redevelopment and will reopen in 2009. The People's History Museum in Manchester, England is the United Kingdom 's national centre for the collection conservation interpretation and study of [127] The Pankhurst Museum is based in the early feminist Emmeline Pankhurst's former home and includes a parlour laid out in contemporary style. Emmeline Pankhurst (née Goulden; 15 July 1858 14 June 1928 was a political activist and leader of the British Suffragette movement [128] Manchester United, Manchester City, and Lancashire CCC all have dedicated museums illustrating their histories. Wigan Pier, best known from George Orwell’s book The Road to Wigan Pier,[129] was the name of wharf on the Leeds and Liverpool Canal in Wigan. Wigan Pier is the name given today to the area around the Canal at the bottom of the Wigan flight of locks on the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950 who used the Pseudonym George Orwell, was an English writer The Road to Wigan Pier was written by George Orwell and published in 1937. The Leeds and Liverpool Canal is a Canal in the north of England, linking the cities of Leeds and Liverpool. Wigan is a large town in Greater Manchester, England. It stands on the River Douglas, south of Preston, west-northwest of Manchester The name has been re-used to describe an industrial-based visitor attraction, partly closed for redevelopment as of 2008. [130]
See also
References
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- ^ a b Office for National Statistics. The Office for National Statistics (ONS is the executive office of the UK Statistics Authority, a non-ministerial department which reports directly Gazetteer of the old and new geographies of the United Kingdom (PDF). statistics. gov. uk. Retrieved on 2008-03-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of
•Office for National Statistics (2004-09-17). The Office for National Statistics (ONS is the executive office of the UK Statistics Authority, a non-ministerial department which reports directly "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1176 - The Battle of Myriokephalon is fought 1462 - The Battle of Świecino (or Battle of Żarnowiec Beginners' Guide to UK Geography: Metropolitan Counties and Districts. statistics. gov. uk. Retrieved on 2008-03-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of
•Boundary Commission. North West England Counties. boundarycommittee. org. uk. Retrieved on 2008-03-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of - ^ Nevell, Mike and Redhead, Norman: editors (2005). Mellor: Living on the Edge. A Regional Study of an Iron Age and Romano-British Upland Settlement. University of Manchester Archaeological Unit, Greater Manchester Archaeological Unit, and the Mellor Archaeological Trust, 20. The University of Manchester is a " red brick " civic University located in Manchester, England. ISBN 0-9527813-6-0.
- ^ COCCIUM. www. roman-britain. org.
- ^ Bayliss, Don (1996). Historical Atlas of Trafford. Don Bayliss, 6. ISBN 0952930005.
- ^ Mamucium Roman fort. Pastscape. org. uk. Retrieved on 2007-12-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II
- ^ Rigodunum Roman fort. Pastscape. org. uk. Retrieved on 2007-12-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Frangopulo, Nicholas Joseph (1977). Tradition in action: the historical evolution of the Greater Manchester County. Wakefield: EP Publishing. ISBN 0-7158-1203-3.
- ^ Swarbrick, J. , (February 1914), Greater Manchester: The Future Municipal Government of Large Cities, pp. 12–15.
- ^ Dearlove, John (1979). The reorganisation of British local government: old orthodoxies and a political perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29456-8.
- ^ Parliamentary Debates, House of Commons, 6 July 1972, columns 763–834
- ^ "Lancashire saved from 'Botchdale'". Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Times. July 7, 1972. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "Philosophy on councils has yet to emerge". The Times. July 8, 1972
- ^ HMSO. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Local Government Act 1972. 1972 c. 70
- ^ British Local Election Database, 1889-2003. AHDS - Arts and Humanities data service (28-06-06). Retrieved on 2008-03-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a
- ^ Association of Greater Manchester Authorities. The Association of Greater Manchester Authorities ( AGMA) is an association which represents the ten Local authorities of Greater Manchester, a Metropolitan About AGMA. agma. gov. uk. Retrieved on 2008-03-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a
- ^ Regional Portrait of Greater Manchester - 5.1 Spatial Structure (PDF), BISER Europe Regions Domain Reporting, 2003. Retrieved on February 17, 2007. Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ "Changes in local government units may cause some famous names to disappear", The Times, January 2, 1973. Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar.
•"Post Office will ignore some new counties over addresses", The Times, November 26, 1973. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. - ^ a b History of the counties. jonathan. rawle. org. Jonathan Rawle (2007). Retrieved on 2007-12-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe.
- ^ HM Treasury (2007-07-17). HM Treasury, in full Her Majesty's Treasury, informally The Treasury, is the United Kingdom government department responsible for developing and executing Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians Sub-national economic development and regeneration review. hm-treasury. gov. uk. Retrieved on 2008-02-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule
- ^ Fairley, Peter (2008-01-18). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Comment – A faster track for the city-regions. publicfinance. co. uk. Retrieved on 2008-02-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule
- ^ Dawson, Alan (1992). "Chapter 6: The County Tops", Relative hills of Britain. Milnthorpe: Cicerone Press. ISBN 1-85284-068-4.
- ^ Salford City Council (2007). Chat Moss (http). salford. gov. uk. Retrieved on 2007-11-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St
- ^ a b c Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Authority. The Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive ( GMPTE) is the public body ( Passenger Transport Executive) responsible for co-ordinating Public transport The Greater Manchester Area and its Regional Context. gmltp. co. uk. Retrieved on 2007-04-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 491 - Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine Emperor, with the name of Anastasius I.
- ^ State of the English Cities: Volume 1 Produced for the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, (2006). Online Report Accessed December 17, 2006. Events 546 - Gothic War (535–554: The Ostrogoths of King Totila Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ a b Manchester Airport 1971–2000 weather averages. Met Office (2001). For the UKMET model see Tropical cyclone forecast model. The Met Office (originally an abbreviation for Meteorological Office, Retrieved on 2007-07-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final
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- ^ Met Office (2007). Annual UK weather averages. Met Office. Retrieved on 2007-04-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at
- ^ Roads chaos as snow sweeps in Manchester. Manchester Evening News (2005). The Manchester Evening News (also known as MEN Media) is an English daily Newspaper published each week day evening and on Saturdays Retrieved on 2007-07-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final
- ^ Peak District sightseer's guide – Snake Pass. High Peak (2002). Retrieved on 2007-07-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England
- ^ Lib Dems close in on Manchester. Manchester Evening News (2004-06-11). The Manchester Evening News (also known as MEN Media) is an English daily Newspaper published each week day evening and on Saturdays "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes. Retrieved on 2008-02-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed
- ^ Labour party returns to Manchester. timeout. com (2006). Retrieved on 2008-02-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed
- ^ a b Manchester: Historical geography, www. genuki. org. uk, May 31, 2006. Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on March 28, 2007. Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ a b Local Government Structure - What is the structure of local government?. politics. co. uk. Retrieved on 2008-03-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a
- ^ Greater Manchester Local Transport Plan, www. gmltp. co. uk. Retrieved on December 12, 2006. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ The Lord-Lieutenants Order 1973 (1973/1754)
- ^ London Gazette: no. 58395, page 10329, 18 July 2007. The London Gazette is one of the official journals of record of the British government, and the most important among such official journals in the UK in which certain Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ A Vision of Britain through time. Greater Manchester Met. C. Retrieved on 2007-04-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus
- ^ Regional Portrait of Greater Manchester - 5.3 Population Structure/Migration (demography) (PDF), BISER Europe Regions Domain Reporting, 2003. Retrieved on February 18, 2007. Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Exodus: The Facts. can. uk. com (2003). Retrieved on 2008-02-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation
- ^ Greater Manchester (health authority) religion. Statistics. gov. uk. Retrieved on 2008-02-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen
- ^ Catholic Diocese of Shrewsbury. Dioceseofshrewsbury. org. Retrieved on 2007-05-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses
- ^ Parishes of the Diocese. Salforddiocese. org. uk. Retrieved on 2007-05-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses
- ^ The Church of England Diocese of Manchester. Manchester. anglican. org. Retrieved on 2008-01-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca
- ^ Welcome to the Diocese of Liverpool. Liverpool. anglican. org. Retrieved on 2008-02-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen
- ^ Market Renewal: Manchester Salford Pathfinder (PDF). Audit Commission (2003). The Audit Commission is a Public corporation in the United Kingdom, established under the Local Government Finance Act 1982 to appoint auditors to all local Retrieved on 2008-02-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne
- ^ a b c d e Shriking Cities: Manchester/Liverpool II (PDF). shrikingcities. com (March 2004). Retrieved on 2008-03-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth
- ^ Cooper, Glynis (2005). Salford: An Illustrated History. The Breedon Books Publishing Company. ISBN 1-85983-455-8.
- ^ Shapely, Peter (2002–3). "The press and the system built developments of inner-city Manchester" (PDF). Manchester Region History Review 16: 30–39. Manchester: Manchester Centre for Regional History. ISSN 0952-4320. An International Standard Serial Number ( ISSN) is a unique eight-digit number used to identify a print or electronic Periodical publication.
- ^ A Vision of Britain through time. Greater Manchester Met. C: Total Population. Retrieved on 2007-04-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus
- ^ Yakub Qureshi (24-11-04). Manchester - Features - A cut above: high rise living is back. bbc.co.uk. Retrieved on 2008-02-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor
- ^ Welcome to Greater Manchester Property Sales. greatermanchesterpropertysales. co. uk. Retrieved on 2008-02-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed
- ^ Table 0a - All students by institution, mode of study, level of study, gender and domicile 2006/07 (XLS). Students and Qualifiers Data Tables. Higher Education Statistics Agency (2008). The Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA was established in 1993 by the UK higher education institutions as the central source for the collection and publication of Retrieved on 2008-03-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem.
- ^ Tight, Malcolm (July 2007). "The (Re)Location of Higher Education in England (Revisited)". Higher Education Quarterly 61 (3): 250–265.
- ^ Hartwell, Clare (2001). Pevsner Architectural Guides: Manchester. London, England: Penguin Books, Pg. 105. ISBN 0-14071-131-7.
- ^ Oldham's Economic Profile - Innovation and Technology, www. oldham. gov. uk. Retrieved on October 27, 2006. Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ NW Cotton Towns Learning Journey www. spinningtheweb. org. uk. Retrieved on October 27, 2006. Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ a b c McNeil, Robina and Nevell, Michael (2000). A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Greater Manchester. Association for Industrial Archaeology, 2–3. The Association for Industrial Archaeology, or AIA, is a body supporting the excavation reporting and preservation of the physical remains of the Industrial Revolution ISBN 0-9528930-3-7.
- ^ Cowhig, W. T. (1976). It Happened Round Greater Manchester; Textiles. Greater Manchester Council. The Greater Manchester County Council (also known as Greater Manchester Council and GMC) was from 1974 to 1986 the upper-tier administrative body
- ^ Regional Portrait of Greater Manchester - 6 Economic Factors (PDF), BISER Europe Regions Domain Reporting, 2003. Retrieved on February 17, 2007. Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Ian Wylie (2006). Salford bid wins BBC move north. Manchester Evening News. The Manchester Evening News (also known as MEN Media) is an English daily Newspaper published each week day evening and on Saturdays Retrieved on 2008-03-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a
- ^ Manchester city region - Economic Overview. investinmanchester. com. Retrieved on 2008-05-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following
- ^ Greater Manchester Economic Data. Midas Manchester (2003). Archived from the original on 2007-08-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Retrieved on 2008-05-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following
- ^ Britain's Best Cities 2005–2006 Executive Summary (PDF). OMIS Research (2006). Archived from the original on 2006-05-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. Retrieved on 2008-05-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following
- ^ Manchester — The State of the City. Manchester City Council (2007). Retrieved on 2007-09-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul
- ^ Marketing Manchester (17 September 2007). Events 1176 - The Battle of Myriokephalon is fought 1462 - The Battle of Świecino (or Battle of Żarnowiec Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. "International Visitors To Friendly Manchester Up 10%". Press release. A news release, media release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded Communication directed at members of the News Retrieved on 2007-09-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1176 - The Battle of Myriokephalon is fought 1462 - The Battle of Świecino (or Battle of Żarnowiec
- ^ Manchester 'England's second city'. BBC (2002). Retrieved on 2007-05-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
• Manchester 'England's Second City'. Ipsos MORI (2002). Retrieved on 2008-05-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following
• Riley, Catherine (2005). Can Birmingham halt its decline?. The Times. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. Retrieved on 2007-08-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman
• Manchester 'close to second city'. BBC (2005). Retrieved on 2006-05-02. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
• Manchester tops second city poll. BBC (2007). Retrieved on 2007-06-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries
• Birmingham loses out to Manchester in second city face off. BBC (2007). Retrieved on 2007-06-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries - ^ Greater Manchester (health authority) economic activity. Statistics. gov. uk. Retrieved on 2008-02-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states
- ^ Promoting a Dynamic Economy. Greater Manchester e-Government Partnership. Retrieved on 2007-12-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian
- ^ Greater Manchester (health authority) industry of employment. Statistics. gov. uk. Retrieved on 2008-02-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states
- ^ Regional Portrait of Greater Manchester - 6 Economic Factors (PDF), BISER Europe Regions Domain Reporting, 2003. Retrieved on February 17, 2007. Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Regional Gross Value Added (pp.240-253) (PDF). Office of National Statistics (21-12-05). The Office for National Statistics (ONS is the executive office of the UK Statistics Authority, a non-ministerial department which reports directly Retrieved on 2008-03-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a
- ^ Regional GVA December 2007 (PDF). statistics. gov. uk (2007). Retrieved on 2008-02-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states
- ^ a b Hyde, M. , O'Rourke, A. & Portland, P. (2004). Around the M60: Manchester's Orbital Motorway. Altrincham: AMCD (Publishers) Ltd, 141. Altrincham () is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England. ISBN 1897762305.
- ^ The Oldham College. The Oldham College, is a government funded Further education College in the town centre of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England Local information: About Oldham. oldham. ac. uk. Retrieved on 2008-03-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of “The Metropolitan County of Greater Manchester has the most extensive motorway network in the United Kingdom”
- ^ British Roads Database. Motorway is a term for both a type of Road and a classification or designation cbrd. co. uk. Retrieved on 2008-03-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of
•"The number's up for Britain's roads", Telegraph. co. uk, Telegraph Media Group Limited, October 2002. Retrieved on 2007-07-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death "The west side of Manchester is notoriously busy and holds the record for the widest section of motorway - an impressive 17 lanes where the M61 and M60 meet. "
•Matthews, Peter (ed) (1992). The Guinness Book of Records 1993. Enfield: Guinness World Records Limited, p121. ISBN 0-85112-978-1. - ^ Lancashire County Council. Lancashire County Council is the upper-tier Local authority for the Non-metropolitan county of Lancashire, England. Early Highways Liverpool-East Lancashire Road A580. Historic Highways. lancashire. gov. uk. Retrieved on 2008-01-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy.
- ^ Salter, Alan. "C-charge details revealed", Manchester Evening News, M. E. N. Media Ltd, 2007-05-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John Retrieved on 2007-11-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the
- ^ "Manchester makes move towards congestion charge", The Guardian, Guardian News and Media Limited, 2007-07-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. Retrieved on 2007-11-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the
- ^ Traffic Congestion charging: FAQs. BBC Manchester. Retrieved on 2007-11-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus"
- ^ GMPTE (N. The Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive ( GMPTE) is the public body ( Passenger Transport Executive) responsible for co-ordinating Public transport D. ). GMPTE - Trains. gmpte. com. Retrieved on 2007-09-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September
- ^ a b State of the City Report 2006/2007 (PDF). manchester. gov. uk (September 2007). Retrieved on 2008-02-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed
- ^ Manchester Airport offers more destinations than Heathrow and Gatwick (2007-06-03). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering
- ^ a b c Gratton, Chris; Simon Shibli; Richard Coleman (2005). "Sport and Economic Regeneration in Cities". Urban Studies 42 (5–6): 985-999. Urban Studies Journal Limited. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.
- ^ Parkinson-Bailey, John J (2000). Manchester: an Architectural History. Manchester: Manchester University Press, pp 249–250. ISBN 0-7190-5606-3.
- ^ City enjoys £600m windfall. BBC. Online (16 June 2006). Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-09-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus.
Sporting Legacy. Commonwealth Games Legacy Manchester 2002. Commonwealth Games Legacy (2003). Retrieved on 2007-09-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English - ^ "Soccer Team Valuations #1 Manchester United", forbes. com, Forbes. com LLC, 2008-04-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule Retrieved on 2008-05-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
- ^ Glory, Glory, Man United. The website of dreams. Retrieved on 2008-06-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks
- ^ Old Trafford 1909-2005. Manutdzone. com. Retrieved on 2008-01-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire.
- ^ a b Cup Final Statistics. TheFA. com. The Football Association (2001–2008). Retrieved on 2008-05-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
- ^ roll of honour. Manchester City Football Club official website. Manchester City FC. Retrieved on 2008-05-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
- ^ Brief history of Wigan Athletic. Wigan Athletic the official website. Wigan Athletic Football Club (11 June 2007). Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2008-05-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
- ^ "BBC Rugby Union — English — Sale 45-20 Leicester", BBC, 2006-05-27. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed Retrieved on 2008-02-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule
- ^ Honours. wiganwarriors. com. Wigan Warriors (2008). Retrieved on 2008-05-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João
- ^ Lancashire County Cricket Club - Origins. LCCC. co. uk. Retrieved on 2008-03-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a
•The County Championship. Cricinfo. com. Retrieved on 2008-03-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a
•Lancs bid falls agonisingly short. BBC Online (2007-09-22). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians Retrieved on 2007-12-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life
•Lancashire honours. Cricinfo. com. Retrieved on 2007-12-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life - ^ Jim Laker. Cricinfo. Retrieved on 2008-05-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
- ^ Cheshire CCC. Retrieved on 2008-05-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
- ^ Manchester Evening News arena. smg-europe. com. Retrieved on 2008-03-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate.
- ^ Ramsden, Caroline (1966). Farewell Manchester: history of Manchester Racecourse. London: J A Allen & Co.
•Salford Metropolitan Borough Council. Transcript of Kersal Dale Video. Salford. gov. uk. Retrieved on 2008-03-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a
•Farrer, William; John Brownbill [1911] (2003–2006). "Townships: Broughton", The Victoria history of the county of Lancaster. - Lancashire. 4. University of London & History of Parliament Trust, Pg. 217–222. Retrieved on 2008-02-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor - ^ leighsportsvillage. Leigh Sports Village web pages. Leigh Sports Village. Retrieved on 2008-05-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
- ^ a b Robson, Brian (2004). "Culture and the City: A View from the 'Athens of the North'". Built Environment 30 (3): 246–255.
- ^ Conway, Tony; Jeryl Whitelock (2007). "Relationship marketing in the subsidised arts: the key to a strategic marketing focus". European Journal of Marketing 41 (1/2): 199–222. Emerald Group Publishing Limited. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. ISSN 0309-0566. An International Standard Serial Number ( ISSN) is a unique eight-digit number used to identify a print or electronic Periodical publication.
- ^ Murray, Braham (2007). The worst it can be is a disaster. London: Methuen Drama, A & C Black Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7136-8490-2.
- ^ About The Lowry. The Lowry web pages. Retrieved on 2008-05-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
- ^ a b c Schofield, Jonathan (ed) (2007). Manchester: the complete guide 2007. Manchester: City Life.
- ^ Past Exhibits at Gallery Oldham. GalleryOldham. org. uk. Retrieved on 2008-01-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople.
- ^ City Art Gallery. Images of England. Retrieved on 2007-12-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people
•Manchester Art Gallery: About Us. Manchestergalleries. org. Retrieved on 2008-01-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. - ^ Lark Hill Place Shops. Salford City Council web pages. Salford City Council. Retrieved on 2008-05-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
- ^ Parkinson-Bailey, John J (2000). Manchester: an Architectural History. Manchester: Manchester University Press, Pg. 77. ISBN 0-7190-5606-3.
- ^ a b The Hallé - HISTORY. Hallé web pages. The Hallé Concerts Society 2002. Retrieved on 2008-05-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
- ^ BBC (February 2006). "BBC Orchestras". Press release. A news release, media release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded Communication directed at members of the News
- ^ History of the BBC Philharmonic. bbc. co. uk. BBC. Retrieved on 2008-05-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
- ^ BBC (2008-01-11). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. "Launch of the BBC Connect And Create Partnership – speech given at Huddersfield University". Press release. A news release, media release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded Communication directed at members of the News
- ^ Manchester Camerata. Manchester Camerata web pages. Manchester Camerata. Retrieved on 2008-05-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
•About the NCO. Northern Chamber Orchestra web pages. Retrieved on 2008-05-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. - ^ Bridgewater Hall facts and figures. Bridgewater-hall. co. uk. Retrieved on 2008-01-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca
•"Good Venue Guide; 28 – Bridgewater Hall, Manchester. ", Independent on Sunday, 12 April 1998. The Independent is a British compact Newspaper published by Tony O'Reilly 's Independent News & Media. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) - ^ Redhead, Brian (1993). Brian Redhead ( 28 December 1929 - 23 January 1994) was a British author journalist and broadcaster Manchester: a Celebration. London: Andre Deutsch Ltd, Pg. 60–61. ISBN 0-233-98816-5.
- ^ Pollstar Concert Industry Awards Winners Archives. Pollstar Online (2001). Retrieved on 2007-06-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place
•Brown, Rachel. "M.E.N Arena's world's top venue", Manchester Evening News, M. The Manchester Evening News (also known as MEN Media) is an English daily Newspaper published each week day evening and on Saturdays E. N Media. Retrieved on 2007-08-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid "The M. E. N. Arena is the top-selling venue in the world. " - ^ Manchester City stadium history. MCFC. co. uk. Retrieved on 2008-01-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire.
•Vote for Old Trafford Cricket Ground. LCCC. co. uk (2007-10-17). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost Retrieved on 2008-01-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire.
•"Arctic Monkeys confirm festival plans", NME, 2007-01-26. The New Musical Express (better known as the NME) is a Popular music Magazine in the United Kingdom which has been Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France. Retrieved on 2007-02-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France. - ^ About Stockport Hat Works. Hatworks. org. uk. Retrieved on 2008-01-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war.
- ^ Museum of Science & Industry. 24hourmuseum. org. uk. Retrieved on 2008-01-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war.
- ^ Urbis visitors increase by 550%. BBC Online (2004-04-12). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Retrieved on 2008-01-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war.
•Visitors flock to Urbis as revamp pays off. Manchester Evening News (2006-12-06). The Manchester Evening News (also known as MEN Media) is an English daily Newspaper published each week day evening and on Saturdays Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev Retrieved on 2008-01-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. - ^ About Stockport air raid shelters. Airraidshelters. org. uk. Retrieved on 2008-01-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war.
- ^ Imperial War Museum North. north. iwm. org. uk. Retrieved on 2008-01-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war.
- ^ Introduction to the Museum of Transport. gmts. co. uk. Retrieved on 2008-01-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war.
- ^ Introduction to the People’s History Museum. phm. org. uk. Retrieved on 2008-01-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war.
- ^ The Pankhurst Centre - 24 Hour Museum - official guide to UK museums, galleries, exhibitions and heritage
- ^ Vallely, Paul (2003-04-30). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule On the road again. The Independent. The Independent is a British compact Newspaper published by Tony O'Reilly 's Independent News & Media. Retrieved on 2008-01-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca
- ^ Wigan Pier Home Page
Notes
- A Components may not sum to totals due to rounding
- B Includes hunting and forestry
- C Includes energy and construction
- D Includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured
External links
- Association of Greater Manchester Local Authorities
- VisitManchester.com Official Tourism Website for Greater Manchester.
- Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive Information on buses, trains and tram services
- Greater Manchester County Records Office, historical records relating to Greater Manchester.
Dictionary
Greater Manchester
-proper noun
- A metropolitan county England, around the Manchester area.
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