Greater London
London region

London region shown within England
Geography
Status	Region † Administrative area Ceremonial county*
Area — Total	Ranked 9th 1,579 km² 609 sq mi
NUTS 1	UKI
Demographics
Population — Total — Density	Ranked 2nd 7,512,400[1](mid-2006) 4,758/km² (mid-2006)
GDP per capita	£27,633 (1st)
Government
HQ	City Hall, Southwark
Assembly — Type	London Assembly directly elected
Regional development	LDA
Authority	Greater London Authority
Mayor	Boris Johnson
European parliament	London
Website
Notes
† - called London * - excluding the City of London

Greater London is the top-level administrative subdivision covering London, England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The region, also known as the government office region, is currently the highest tier of local government sub-national entity of England, with only one Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties are one of the four levels of Subdivisions of England used for the purposes of Local government outside Greater London The ceremonial counties are areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant, and are defined by the government as the Counties for the purposes of the Lieutenancies Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. The following table is a list of United Kingdom nations by area with England further broken down by Government Office Regions. To help compare sizes of different geographic regions we list here Areas between 10 km² (1000 Hectares and 100 km² (10000 hectares Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, ( NUTS) for the French nomenclature d'unités territoriales statistiques, is a Geocode In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology A list of the United Kingdom 's four constituent countries (and English regions) by population as recorded by the 2001 Census: See also The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency A list of United Kingdom nations and English regions by GDP per capita in GBP as at 2002 " Regional Assembly " is the name which has been adopted by the English bodies established as regional chambers under the Regional Development Agencies The London Assembly is an elected body part of the Greater London Authority, that scrutinises the activities of the Mayor of London and has the power with a two-thirds A regional development agency (RDA is a non-departmental public body established for the purpose of development primarily economic of one of England 's Government Office The London Development Agency ( LDA) is the Regional Development Agency for Greater London, England. The Greater London Authority ( GLA) is the city-wide governing body for London, England. Alexander Boris de Pfeffel Johnson (born 19 June 1964 is a British Politician and Journalist. London is a Constituency of the European Parliament. It currently elects 9 MEPs using the D'Hondt method of Party-list proportional For London as a whole see the main article London. The City of London is a geographically London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland ^[2] The administrative area was officially created in 1965 and covers the City of London (including Middle Temple and Inner Temple) and 32 London boroughs. For London as a whole see the main article London. The City of London is a geographically The Honourable Society of the Middle Temple is one of the four Inns of Court exclusively entitled to call their members to the English Bar as Barristers The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple is one of the four Inns of Court around the Royal Courts of Justice in London which may call members to The administrative area of Greater London contains thirty-two London boroughs. ^[2] Its area also forms the London region of England and the London European Parliament constituency. The region, also known as the government office region, is currently the highest tier of local government sub-national entity of England, with only one London is a Constituency of the European Parliament. It currently elects 9 MEPs using the D'Hondt method of Party-list proportional The region has by far the highest GDP per capita in the United Kingdom. A list of United Kingdom nations and English regions by GDP per capita in GBP as at 2002 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located It covers 1579 km² (609 square miles) and had a 2006 mid-year estimated population of 7,512,400. ^[1] It is bounded by the Home Counties of Essex and Hertfordshire in the East of England region and Buckinghamshire, Berkshire, Surrey and Kent in South East England. " Home counties " is an informal phrase used to designate the group of counties that border or surround London, England. Essex is a county in the East of England. The County town is Chelmsford, and the highest point of the county is Chrishall Common Hertfordshire (ˈhɑːtfədʃə(r, abbreviated Herts) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East region of The East of England is one of the nine official Regions of England. Buckinghamshire (abbreviated Bucks) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan home county in South East England. Berkshire (ˈbɑːkʃə or /ˈbɑːkʃɪə/ say Baak-shuh/-sheer sometimes abbreviated to Berks) is a Home County in the South Surrey is a county in the South East of England and is one of the Home Counties. KENT (1400 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Adult Standards/MOR format South East England is one of the nine official Regions of England. The highest point in Greater London is Westerham Heights, in the North Downs and on the boundary with Kent, at 245 metres (804 ft). This is a list of the highest points above Sea level in London, England. The North Downs are a ridge of Chalk hills in south east England that stretch for 120 miles (190 km from Farnham in Surrey to the White The term Greater London was in use before 1965 to refer to a variously defined area, larger than the County of London and often similar to the Metropolitan Police District. The County of London was a ceremonial county and administrative county of England from 1889 to 1965 The Metropolitan Police District (MPD is the area policed by London 's Metropolitan Police Service. ^[3]

Contents 1 Status 2 Politics 2.1 Regional government 2.2 Local government 2.3 Twinning 3 Demographics 3.1 Ethnic groups 3.2 Religion 3.3 London Assembly 3.4 UK Parliament 4 History 4.1 Early incarnations 4.2 Royal Commission on London Government 4.3 Creation of administrative area 4.4 Greater London Authority 5 Statistics 5.1 Population 5.2 Economy 5.3 Area 6 Environment 7 Education 8 Wider population 9 See also 10 References 11 External links

Status

Greater London is not a city in that it does not have official city status granted by the Crown. This is because one of the London boroughs, Westminster, is officially a city,^[4] as well as the City of London itself which would make such a status anomalous. The administrative area of Greater London contains thirty-two London boroughs. The City of Westminster ( is a borough of London with city status. For London as a whole see the main article London. The City of London is a geographically Despite this, Greater London is commonly regarded as a city in the general sense of a municipality. A Lord Lieutenant of Greater London is appointed for its area, less the City of London, an area identical to the Metropolitan Police District, and for the purposes of the Lieutenancies Act 1997, this area is defined as a county. This is a complete list of Lord Lieutenants of Greater London in the United Kingdom. The Metropolitan Police District (MPD is the area policed by London 's Metropolitan Police Service. The Lieutenancies Act 1997 (1997 c 23 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, that defines areas that Lord-Lieutenants are appointed to in The ceremonial counties are areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant, and are defined by the government as the Counties for the purposes of the Lieutenancies ^[5]

The term "London" is normally used in reference to Greater London or to the overall conurbation, but not often to the ancient, tiny City of London in east central London. For London as a whole see the main article London. The City of London is a geographically Instead, this small area is often referred to simply as "the City" or "the Square Mile" and it forms the main financial district. Archaically the urbanised area of London was known as the Metropolis. A metropolis (from the Greek μήτηρ mētēr meaning 'mother' and πόλις pólis meaning 'city/town' is a big City, in most cases with In common usage, the terms 'London' and 'Greater London' are usually used interchangeably. ^[2] It is officially divided for some purposes, with varying definitions, into Inner London and Outer London. Inner London is the name for the group of London boroughs which form the interior part of Greater London and are surrounded by Outer London. Outer London is the name for the group of London Boroughs that form a ring around Inner London. For strategic planning purposes the region is divided into five sub regions. The London Plan is a planning document written by the Mayor of London in the United Kingdom and published by the Greater London Authority.

Politics

Regional government

London is the only English region with directly elected local governance. City Hall is the headquarters of the Greater London Authority which comprises the Mayor of London and London Assembly. ^[6] The Greater London Authority (GLA) comprises a regional assembly called the London Assembly and an executive head known as the Mayor of London. The Greater London Authority ( GLA) is the city-wide governing body for London, England. The London Assembly is an elected body part of the Greater London Authority, that scrutinises the activities of the Mayor of London and has the power with a two-thirds The Mayor of London is an elected politician who along with the London Assembly of 25 members is accountable for the strategic government of Greater London (see ^[7] The current Mayor of London is Boris Johnson who is not to be confused with the Lord Mayor of the City of London. Alexander Boris de Pfeffel Johnson (born 19 June 1964 is a British Politician and Journalist. The Right Honourable Lord Mayor of London is the legal title for the Mayor of (and head of the City of London Corporation. He is scrutinised by an elected London Assembly, which may amend his annual budget (by two-thirds majority) but otherwise lacks the power to block his directives. The London Assembly is an elected body part of the Greater London Authority, that scrutinises the activities of the Mayor of London and has the power with a two-thirds The headquarters of the GLA is at City Hall in Southwark. City Hall is the headquarters of the Greater London Authority which comprises the Mayor of London and London Assembly. The London Borough of Southwark ( is a London borough in south east London, England. The Mayor is responsible for Greater London's strategic planning and is required to produce a London Plan document. The London Plan is a planning document written by the Mayor of London in the United Kingdom and published by the Greater London Authority.

Local government

Further information: London borough

Greater London is divided into 32 London boroughs, each governed by a London borough council; and the City of London, which has a unique government dating back to the 12th century. The administrative area of Greater London contains thirty-two London boroughs. ^[2] These various authorities are all often considered as equivalent to unitary authorities, but not legally defined as such. See also Independent city A unitary authority is a type of Local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all Local government functions All London borough councils belong to the London Councils association. London Councils is the local government association for London, bringing together representatives of the 32 London Boroughs and the City of London Corporation Two London boroughs, Kensington and Chelsea, and Kingston, carry the purely honorific title of Royal borough. The Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea ( (often abbreviated to RBKC) is a London borough in the west side of Central London. The Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames ( is a borough in south-west London, England. England Regis Beeston Regis Bere Regis Bognor Regis Grafton Regis Within the City of London boundary are the liberties of Middle Temple and Inner Temple. A Liberty was a local government unit in England. Originating in the Middle Ages, liberties were areas of widely variable extent which were independent of the usual The Honourable Society of the Middle Temple is one of the four Inns of Court exclusively entitled to call their members to the English Bar as Barristers The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple is one of the four Inns of Court around the Royal Courts of Justice in London which may call members to

Twinning

The Greater London Authority has twin and sister city agreements with the following cities. ^[8]

	Country	City	County / District / Region / State	Date
	China	Beijing	Beijing Municipality	2006[9]
	France	Paris	Île-de-France
	Germany	Berlin	Berlin	2000
	Russia	Moscow	Central Federal District
	United States	New York City	New York	2001[10]
	Japan	Tokyo	Tokyo	2005

For Borough twinning see List of London Borough twinnings. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Île-de-France ( pronounced /il d̪ə fʁɑ̃s/ literally "Island of France" is one of the twenty-six administrative regions of France. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Central Federal District (Центра́льный федера́льный о́круг Tsentralny federalny okrug) is one of the seven federal districts of The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The City of New York New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. This is a list of places in the United Kingdom having standing links to local communities in other countries

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of London

With increasing industrialisation, London's population grew rapidly throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, and was the most populated city in the world until overtaken by New York in 1925. For a wider coverage of London, visit the '''London Portal'''. Its population peaked at 8,615,245 in 1939. There were an estimated 7,512,400 official residents in Greater London as of mid-2006. However, London's continuous urban area extends beyond the borders of Greater London and was home to an estimated 9,332,000 people in 2005, while its wider metropolitan area has a population of between 12 and 14 million depending on the definition of that area. According to Eurostat, London is the most populous city and metropolitan area of the European Union.

The region covers an area of 1,579 square kilometres. The population density is 4,761 people per square kilometre, more than ten times that of any other British region. In terms of population, London is the 25th largest city and the 17th largest metropolitan region in the world. It is also ranked 4th in the world in number of billionaires (United States Dollars) residing in the city. London ranks as one of the most expensive cities in the world, alongside Tokyo and Moscow.

Ethnic groups

In the 2001 census, 71. 15% of these seven and a half million people classed their ethnic group as white, including White British (59. 79%), White Irish (3. 07%) or "Other White" (8. 29%, mostly Greek Cypriot, Italian and French). 12. 09% classed themselves as British Asian, including Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and "Other Asian" (mostly Sri Lankan, Arab and other Southern Asian ethnicities). 10. 91% classed themselves as Black British (around 7% as Black African, 4. 79% as Black Caribbean, 0. 84% as "Other Black"). 3. 15% were of mixed race; 1. 12% as Chinese; and 1. 58% as other (mostly Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese and other "British Orientals"). 21. 8% of inhabitants were born outside the European Union. The Irish, from both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, number about 200,000, as do the Scots and Welsh combined.

In January 2005, a survey of London's ethnic and religious diversity claimed that there were more than 300 languages spoken and more than 50 non-indigenous communities which have a population of more than 10,000 in London. Figures from the Office for National Statistics show that, as of 2006, London's foreign-born population is 2,288,000 (31%), up from 1,630,000 in 1997. The 2001 census showed that 27. 1% of Greater London's population were born outside the UK, and a slightly higher proportion were classed as non-white.

The table below shows the 'Country of Birth' of London residents in 2001, the date of the last UK Census. (Top 21). Note that a portion of the German-born population are likely to be British nationals born to parents serving in the British armed forces in Germany.

Country of Birth Population (2001)

United Kingdom 5,230,155

India 172,162

Greece 150,000 (Greek Community estimate)

Republic of Ireland 147,285

Bangladesh 84,565

Jamaica 80,319

Nigeria 68,907

Pakistan 66,658

Kenya 66,311

Sri Lanka 49,932

Ghana 46,513

Cyprus 45,888

South Africa 45,506

United States 44,622

Australia 41,488

Germany 39,818

Turkey 39,128

Italy 38,694

France 38,130

Somalia 33,831

Uganda 32,082

New Zealand 27,494

London has been a focus for immigration for centuries, whether as a place of safety or for economic reasons. Huguenots, eastern European Jews and Cypriots are examples of the former; Irish, Bangladeshis and West Indians came for new lives. The East End district around Spitalfields has been first home for several ethnic groups, which have subsequently moved elsewhere in London as they gained prosperity. The largest ethnic communities are the Jamiacan in Brixton, West-African in North Kensington, Pakistani and Bangladeshi in Newham, Tamil in Wembley and East African and Caribbean in Harlesden and Gospel Oak. North Kensington is an area of west London lying north of Notting Hill Gate and south of Harrow Road Harlesden is a suburban town in the London Borough of Brent. Its main focal point is the Jubilee Clock which commemorates Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee. for the EP by Sinéad O'Connor, see Gospel Oak EP Gospel Oak is an inner urban area of north London in the

Religion

Main article: Religion in London

The largest religious groupings in London are Christian (58. For London as a whole see the main article London. For a wider coverage of London, visit the '''London Portal'''. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth 2%), No Religion (15. Agnosticism ( Greek: α- a-, without + γνώσις gnōsis, knowledge after Gnosticism) is the philosophical view that the 8%), Muslim (8. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion 2%), Hindu (4. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical 1%), Jewish (2. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ 1%), and Sikh (1. Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. 5%). London has traditionally been Christian, and has a large number of churches, particularly in the City. The famous St Paul's Cathedral in the City and Southwark Cathedral south of the river are Anglican administrative centres, while the head of the Church of England and worldwide Anglican Communion, the Archbishop of Canterbury has his main residence at Lambeth Palace in the London Borough of Lambeth. St Paul's Cathedral, is the Anglican Cathedral on Ludgate Hill, in the City of London, and the seat of the Bishop of London. Southwark Cathedral or The Cathedral and Collegiate Church of St Saviour and St Mary Overie, Southwark, London, lies on the south bank of the Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs See also Anglicanism The Anglican Communion is an international association of national Anglican churches The Archbishop of Canterbury is the chief bishop and principal leader of the Church of England, the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the Lambeth Palace is the official London residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury. Lambeth is a place in the London Borough of Lambeth, although the area is now more commonly known as Waterloo, after the railway station whose viaduct separates the Important national and royal ceremonies are shared between St Paul's and Westminster Abbey. The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, which is almost always referred to by its original name of Westminster Abbey, is a large mainly Gothic church The Abbey is not to be confused with nearby Westminster Cathedral, the largest Roman Catholic cathedral in England and Wales. Westminster Cathedral in London, England, is the Mother church of the Roman Catholic community in England and Wales and the Metropolitan This article is about the history and organisation of the cathedral Religious practice is lower than any other part of the UK or Western Europe and is around seven times lower than American averages. Western Europe at its most general meaning means 'all the countries in the West of Europe ' Despite the prevalence of Anglican churches, weekly observance is low within the Anglican denomination, although in recent years church attendance, particularly at evangelical Anglican churches in London, has started to increase. Evangelicalism is a theological movement tradition and system of beliefs most closely associated with Protestant Christianity, which identifies with the Gospel

London is also home to sizeable Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, and Jewish communities. Many Muslims live in Tower Hamlets and Newham; the most important Muslim buildings are the East London Mosque in Whitchapel and the London Central Mosque on the edge of Regent's Park. The London Borough of Tower Hamlets ( is a London borough to the east of the City of London, England and north of the River Thames in East The London Borough of Newham ( is a London borough in East London, within Greater London. A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger For other meanings see Regent's Park (disambiguation Regent's Park (officially The Regent's Park) is one of the Royal Parks London's large Hindu community is found in the north-western boroughs of Harrow and Brent, the latter of which contains one of Europe's largest Hindu temples, Neasden Temple. A temple (from the Latin word Templum) is a structure reserved for religious or spiritual activities such as prayer and sacrifice or analogous rites Neasden is an area of Brent, London, England. History The area was recorded as Neasdun in 939 AD and the name is derived Sikh communities are located in East and West London, which is also home to the largest Sikh Temples in the world, outside India. The majority of British Jews live in London, with significant Jewish communities in Stamford Hill (the most Orthodox Jewish area outside New York City and Israel) and St. John's Wood, Golders Green, and Edgware in North London. Stamford Hill is a place in the north of the London Borough of Hackney, England near the border with Haringey. Orthodox Judaism is the formulation of Judaism that adheres to a relatively strict interpretation and application of the laws and ethics first canonized For the rock band please see St John's Wood (band For the Australian locality St Johns Wood see main article St John's Wood Queensland Golders Green is an area in the London Borough of Barnet in London, England. Edgware is a suburb of North London situated north-west of Charing Cross.

See also List of churches and cathedrals of London

City of London City of Westminster Kensington and Chelsea Hammersmith and Fulham Wandsworth Lambeth Southwark Tower Hamlets Hackney Islington Camden Brent Ealing Hounslow Richmond Kingston Merton

Sutton Croydon Bromley Lewisham Greenwich Bexley Havering Barking and Dagenham Redbridge Newham Waltham Forest Haringey Enfield Barnet Harrow Hillingdon

London Assembly

Further information: London Assembly constituencies

For elections to the London Assembly, London is divided into fourteen constituencies. London is the location of many famous churches chapels and cathedrals, in a density unmatched anywhere else in England. For London as a whole see the main article London. The City of London is a geographically The City of Westminster ( is a borough of London with city status. The Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea ( (often abbreviated to RBKC) is a London borough in the west side of Central London. The London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham ( is a London borough in West London and forms part of Inner London. The London Borough of Wandsworth (ˈlʌndən bʌɹə ɒv ˈwɒndz The London Borough of Lambeth ( is a London borough in South London, England and forms part of Inner London. The London Borough of Southwark ( is a London borough in south east London, England. The London Borough of Tower Hamlets ( is a London borough to the east of the City of London, England and north of the River Thames in East The London Borough of Hackney ( is a London borough in North-East London and forms part of Inner London. The London Borough of Islington ( is a London borough in North and Inner London. The London Borough of Camden ( is a borough of London, England, which forms part of Inner London. The London Borough of Brent ( is a London borough in north west London, UK and forms part of Outer London. The London Borough of Ealing ( is an Outer London borough in West London. The London Borough of Hounslow ( is a London borough in West London, England. The London Borough of Richmond upon Thames ( is a London borough in south west London, England, which forms part of Outer London. The Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames ( is a borough in south-west London, England. The London Borough of Merton ( is a London borough in south west London. The London Borough of Sutton ( is a London borough in South London, England and forms part of Outer London. The London Borough of Croydon ( is a London borough in South London, England and is part of Outer London. The London Borough of Bromley ( is a London borough of south east London, England and forms part of Outer London. The London Borough of Lewisham ( is a London borough in south-east London, England and forms part of Inner London. The London Borough of Greenwich ( (Greenwich ˈgrɛnɪtʃ is an Inner London borough in south-east London, England. The London Borough of Bexley ( is a London borough in south east Greater London which forms with other boroughs part of Outer London. The London Borough of Barking and Dagenham ( is a London borough in East London and forms part of Outer London. The London Borough of Redbridge ( is a London borough in north east London, England and forms part of Outer London. The London Borough of Newham ( is a London borough in East London, within Greater London. The London Borough of Waltham Forest is a London borough in East London England and forms part of Outer London. The London Borough of Haringey (ˈhærɪŋgeɪ) is a Borough of North London, classified by some definitions as part of Inner London, and by The London Borough of Barnet ( is a London borough in North London and forms part of Outer London. The London Borough of Harrow ( is a London borough of outer north-west London. The London Borough of Hillingdon ( is the westernmost Borough in Greater London, England. Greater London is divided into fourteen territorial constituencies for London Assembly elections each returning one member The constituencies are formed from the area of two or three boroughs combined. The City of London forms part of the City and East constituency. City and East is a Constituency represented in the London Assembly.

UK Parliament

Further information: List of Parliamentary constituencies in Greater London

London is divided into 74 Parliamentary constituencies, which are all small borough constituencies. The administrative area region and Ceremonial county of Greater London, including the City of London,is divided into 74 Parliamentary constituencies In the United Kingdom (UK, each of the electoral areas or divisions called constituencies elects one or more members to a parliament or assembly They are formed from the combined area of several wards from one or more London Boroughs. In Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States, a ward is an Electoral district Typically a single borough is covered by two or three constituencies. Their number will be reduced to 73 before the next general election.

History

Early incarnations

The term Greater London had been used well before 1965, particularly to refer to the area covered by the Metropolitan Police District (such as in the 1901 census),^[11] the area of the Metropolitan Water Board (favoured by the London County Council for statistics),^[12] the London Passenger Transport Area and the area defined by the Registrar General as the Greater London Conurbation. The Metropolitan Police District (MPD is the area policed by London 's Metropolitan Police Service. The Metropolitan Water Board was founded in 1903 to bring the nine private water companies supplying water to London under a single public body The board The LPTB had seven members a chairman and six other members The Registrar General is the Government official responsible for the registration of births deaths and marriages in England and Wales. ^[13] The Greater London Arterial Road Programme was devised between 1913 and 1916. ^[14] One of the larger early forms was the Greater London Planning Region, devised in 1927, which occupied 1,856 square miles and included 9 million people. ^[12]

Royal Commission on London Government

Although the London County Council had been created as a London-wide authority covering the County of London in 1889, the County did not even cover all the built-up area of London then, particularly West Ham and East Ham; furthermore many of the LCC housing projects, including the vast Becontree Estate, were constructed outside its formal boundaries. London County Council (LCC was the principal local government body for the County of London, throughout its 1889-1965 existence and the first London-wide general municipal The County of London was a ceremonial county and administrative county of England from 1889 to 1965 West Ham is a district in the London Borough of Newham, in east London, England, located east of Charing Cross. East Ham is a place in the London Borough of Newham. It is a built-up district located 8 miles (12 Becontree is a place in the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham in East London, east north-east of Charing Cross. ^[15] London County Council pressed for an alteration in its boundaries soon after the end of the First World War, noting that within the Metropolitan and City Police Districts there were 122 housing authorities. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All A Royal Commission on London Government was set up to consider the issue. The Royal Commission on London Government, also known as the Ullswater Commission, was a Royal Commission which considered the case for amendments to the local government ^[16][17] London County Council proposed a vast new Greater London, somewhere between the Metropolitan Police District and the entire Home Counties. " Home counties " is an informal phrase used to designate the group of counties that border or surround London, England. ^[18] Protests were made at the possibility of including Windsor, Slough and Eton in the authority. Windsor (ˈwɪnzə/ /ˈwɪndzə is a suburban town and tourist destination in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead in Berkshire, England. Slough ( ˈslaʊ is a Borough and Unitary authority within the ceremonial county of Berkshire, England. Eton is a Town in Berkshire, England, lying on the opposite bank of the River Thames to Windsor and connected to it by Windsor ^[19] The Commission made its report in 1923, rejecting the LCC's scheme. Two minority reports favoured change beyond the amalgamation of smaller urban districts, including both smaller borough councils and a Central Authority for strategic functions. The London Traffic Act 1924 was a result of the Commission. The London Traffic Act 1924 (14 & 15 Geo5 C 34 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. ^[20]

Creation of administrative area

Reform of the local government arrangements in the County of London and its environs was again considered by the Royal Commission on Local Government in Greater London. The Royal Commission on Local Government in Greater London, also known as the Herbert Commission, was established in 1957 and published its report in 1960 Greater London was formally created by the London Government Act 1963, which took force on 1 April 1965, replacing the former administrative counties of Middlesex and London, adding the City of London, which was not under the London County Council, and absorbing parts of Kent, Surrey, Essex and Hertfordshire. The London Government Act 1963 (1963 c 33 is an act of the UK parliament, which recognised officially the Conurbation known as Greater London Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. Administrative counties were a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government from 1889 to 1974 Middlesex is one of the 39 historic counties of England and the second smallest by area. The County of London was a ceremonial county and administrative county of England from 1889 to 1965 For London as a whole see the main article London. The City of London is a geographically KENT (1400 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Adult Standards/MOR format Surrey is a county in the South East of England and is one of the Home Counties. Essex is a county in the East of England. The County town is Chelmsford, and the highest point of the county is Chrishall Common Hertfordshire (ˈhɑːtfədʃə(r, abbreviated Herts) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East region of Greater London originally had a two-tier system of local government, with the Greater London Council (GLC) sharing power with the City of London Corporation (governing the small City of London) and the 32 London borough councils. The Greater London Council (GLC was the top-tier Local government administrative body for Greater London from 1965 to 1986 The City of London Corporation (formerly known as the Corporation of London)is the municipal governing body of the City of London. The Greater London Council was abolished in 1986 by the Local Government Act 1985. The Local Government Act 1985 was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom. Its functions were devolved to the Corporation and the London boroughs with some functions transferred to central government and joint boards.

Greater London Authority

Greater London was used to form the London region of England in 1994. The region, also known as the government office region, is currently the highest tier of local government sub-national entity of England, with only one A referendum held in 1998, established public will to create a regional authority. The London referendum of 1998 was a Referendum held in the Greater London area on Thursday May 7 1998 asking whether there was support for the creation of the The Greater London Authority, London Assembly and the directly elected Mayor of London were created in 2000 by the Greater London Authority Act 1999. The Greater London Authority ( GLA) is the city-wide governing body for London, England. The London Assembly is an elected body part of the Greater London Authority, that scrutinises the activities of the Mayor of London and has the power with a two-thirds The Mayor of London is an elected politician who along with the London Assembly of 25 members is accountable for the strategic government of Greater London (see The Greater London Authority Act 1999 (1999 c 29 is the Act of Parliament that established the Greater London Authority, the London Assembly The 2000 and 2004 mayoral elections were both won by Ken Livingstone, who had been the final leader of the GLC. The first election to the office of Mayor of London took place on 4 May 2000. The 2004 election to the post of Mayor of London took place on June 10, 2004. Kenneth Robert Livingstone (born 17 June 1945 is a British Socialist Politician. The 2008 election was won by Boris Johnson the Conservative Party candidate. Alexander Boris de Pfeffel Johnson (born 19 June 1964 is a British Politician and Journalist. In 2000 the outer boundary of the Metropolitan Police District was re-aligned to the Greater London boundary. The Metropolitan Police District (MPD is the area policed by London 's Metropolitan Police Service.

Statistics

Population

The population on the current territory of Greater London rose from about 1. 1 million in 1801 (back then only about 0. 85 million people were in the urban area of London, while 0. 25 million were living in villages and towns not yet part of London) to an estimated 8. 6 million in 1939, but declined to 6. 7 million in 1988, before starting to rebound in the end of the 1980s. As of 2006, the population in Greater London has only recovered the level of 1970 (which was also the level of population in the 1920s). Some researchers expect the population of Greater London to reach 8. 15 million by 2016, which would still be 0. 45 million short of the 1939 peak.

Figures here are for Greater London in its 2001 limits. Figures before 1971 have been reconstructed by the Office for National Statistics based on past censuses in order to fit the 2001 limits. Figures from 1981 onward are midyear estimates (revised as of August 2007), which are more accurate than the censuses themselves, known to underestimate the population of London.

1891	April 5/6	5,572,012
1901	March 31/April 1	6,506,954
1911	April 2/3	7,160,525
1921	June 19/20	7,386,848
1931	April 26/27	8,110,480
1939	Midyear estimate	8,615,245
1951	April 8/9	8,196,978
1961	April 23/24	7,992,616
1965	Greater London formally created
1971	April 25/26	7,452,520
1981	Midyear estimate	6,805,000[21]
1988	Midyear estimate	6,729,300[22]
1991	Midyear estimate	6,829,300[23]
2001	Midyear estimate	7,322,400[24]
2002	Midyear estimate	7,361,600[25]
2003	Midyear estimate	7,364,100[26]
2004	Midyear estimate	7,389,100[27]
2005	Midyear estimate	7,456,100[28]
2006	Midyear estimate	7,512,400[1]

Economy

This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added (GVA) of Inner London at current basic prices published (pp. The London Government Act 1963 (1963 c 33 is an act of the UK parliament, which recognised officially the Conurbation known as Greater London Gross Value Added or GVA is a measure in Economics of the value of goods and services produced in an area or sector of an Economy. 240-253) by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling.

Year	Regional Gross Value Added[29]	Agriculture[30]	Industry[31]	Services[32]
1995	64,616	7	8,147	56,461
2000	92,330	6	10,094	82,229
2003	112,090	12	10,154	101,924

This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of Outer London at current basic prices published (pp. 240-253) by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling.

Year	Regional Gross Value Added[29]	Agriculture[30]	Industry[31]	Services[32]
1995	44,160	51	10,801	33,307
2000	60,304	43	12,529	47,732
2003	67,582	39	13,081	54,462

Area

The area of Greater London has not changed significantly since its creation. There have been a considerable number of small boundary changes. There have been a considerable number of small changes to the Greater London boundary since its creation in 1965 The most significant of these were the 1969 transfers of Knockholt to Kent and Farleigh to Surrey^[33] and a series of minor adjustments during the 1990s which realigned the boundary to the M25 motorway in some places. Knockholt is a village and Civil parish in Kent, England lying approximately 5 miles south of Orpington and 3 miles northwest of Farleigh is a village in Surrey, England about 5 miles to the South East of Croydon. To see information about the M25 motorway under construction in Ireland, see N25 road.

Environment

The majority of Greater London forms the London low emission zone from 4 February 2008. The London Low Emission Zone (LEZ is a charging scheme with the stated aim of reducing the Pollution Emissions of Diesel -powered Commercial vehicles Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common

Education

The education system has been split into the thirty three separate LEAs, which correspond to the City of London and the 32 London boroughs, since the 1990 enactment of the Education Reform Act 1988. The Education Reform Act of 1988 is widely regarded as the most important single piece of Education Legislation in England, Wales ^[34] From 1965 to 1990, twelve Inner London boroughs and the City of London had been served by an Inner London Education Authority. The Inner London Education Authority (ILEA was the education authority for the 12 inner London boroughs from 1965 until its abolition in 1990 ^[34] The introduction of comprehensive schools, directed by Circular 10/65 in 1965, was mostly followed in Greater London, however 19 grammar schools have been retained in some Outer London boroughs. Circular 10/65 was a document issued by the Department of Education and Science (DES requesting Local Education Authorities (LEAs in England and Wales to begin converting Outer London is the name for the group of London Boroughs that form a ring around Inner London. ^[35] At GCSE and A level, Outer London boroughs have broadly better results than Inner London boroughs. The General Certificate of Secondary Education ( GCSE) is the name of an academic qualification awarded in a specified subject generally taken in a number of subjects by Inner London is the name for the group of London boroughs which form the interior part of Greater London and are surrounded by Outer London. ^[36]

Wider population

Greater London is not exactly coterminous with London's built up area and a somewhat wider Greater London Urban Area has been defined and is used for mainly statistical purposes. The Greater London Urban Area is the Conurbation or continuous urban area based around London, in south east England with an estimated population of 8505000 London's wider metropolitan area is known as the London commuter belt and is delimited by a variety of definitions. The London commuter belt is the Metropolitan area surrounding London, England from which it is possible to commute to work in the capital

See also

• Greater London Urban Area

References

External links

• Greater London Authority
• Greater London Online - London Community News, Information and Business Directory

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic