Graubünden - Citizendia

Graubünden or Grisons (German: Graubünden (help·info), IPA: [gʁaʊˈbyndən]; Italian: Grigioni [gɾiˈdʒoːni]; Romansh: Grischun [gɾiˈʒun]) is the largest and easternmost canton of Switzerland. CHUR may refer to CHUR-FM, a radio station in North Bay Ontario Canada Chur, is a city in Switzerland In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions we list here areas between 1000 km2 and 10000 km2 This is a lists of Cantons of Switzerland ranked by Area. Note that half-cantons are listed separately counting full cantons Unterwalden ranks 17th before Glarus This is a list of Cantons of Switzerland by highest point The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International Piz Bernina (4049 m is the highest Mountain of the Eastern Alps. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International Canton Ticino or Ticino ( Italian: tiˈtʃiːno French and German: Tessin and) is the southernmost canton of San Vittore is a municipality in the district of Moesa in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. Since 1848, the Swiss Confederation has been a Federal state of relatively autonomous cantons some of which have a history of confederacy that goes back 1803 ( MDCCCIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a These are data codes for Switzerland. Country These are codes for the country itself An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Romansh or Romansch may refer to Romansh language Romansh people Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. This article lists the executive and legislative organs of the Cantons of Switzerland, as well as the current number of members This is a List of office-holders in 2005 in Switzerland. See also 2005 in Switzerland. This article lists the executive and legislative organs of the Cantons of Switzerland, as well as the current number of members This article lists the executive and legislative organs of the Cantons of Switzerland, as well as the current number of members Municipalities (sometimes called communities or communes, after the French/Italian names are the smallest government division in Switzerland and are called There are 203 municipalities in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland ( As of January 2008) In contrast to centrally organised States in the federally constituted Switzerland each Canton iscompletely free to decide its own In contrast to centrally organised States in the federally constituted Switzerland each Canton iscompletely free to decide its own The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Romansh (also spelled Romansch, Rumants(ch or Romanche) is one of the four official languages of Switzerland, along with German, The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the states of the Federal state of Switzerland. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation The name means "Grey Union" in German, and in the other languages contains the word "grey".

1 Geography
2 History
3 Culture
4 Economy
5 Demographics
6 Districts
7 Municipalities
8 See also
9 External links

Geography

The area of the canton is 7,105 km². To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions we list here areas between 1000 km2 and 10000 km2 Only about a third of this is commonly regarded as productive land. Forests cover about a fifth of the total area. The canton is almost entirely mountainous, comprising the highlands of the Rhine and Inn river valleys. The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge The Inn is a River in Switzerland, Austria and Germany. It is a right Tributary of the Danube and is approximately 500km Many of its scenic areas are part of the Swiss National Park or the Ela Nature Park. thumb|[[Bild P8230093jpg|thumb|]] --> The Swiss National Park (Schweizerischer Nationalpark Parc National Suisse Parco Nazionale Svizzero Parc Naziunal Svizzer is Parc Ela ( Rumantsch: Ela Park is a Nature Park in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland.

The Upper Engadin valley above St Moritz

There are many significant elevations in the Grison Alps, including the Tödi at 3,614 m and the highest peak Piz Bernina at 4,049 m. Etymology In Romansch which is the indigenous language of the region the "Engadin" literally translates as the garden of the Inn River (Romansch En The Grison Alps are the Mountains of the Graubünden canton of Switzerland (Grisons being the English name for the Graubünden region Tödi is the highest Mountain in the Glarus Alps in the Canton of Glarus, Switzerland. Piz Bernina (4049 m is the highest Mountain of the Eastern Alps. Many of the mountain ranges feature extensive glaciers, such as at the Adula, the Albula, the Silvretta, the Bernina, the Bregaglia and the Rätikon ranges. The Lepontine Alps are a Mountain range in the central part of the Alps. The Albula Range is a Mountain range in the Alps of eastern Switzerland. The Silvretta is a Mountain range of the Central Eastern Alps shared by Tirol, Vorarlberg (both in Austria) and Graubünden The Bernina Range is a Mountain range in the Alps of eastern Switzerland and northern Italy. The Bregaglia Range (commonly the Bregaglia) is a small group of mostly Granite Mountains in Graubünden, Switzerland and The Rätikon is a Mountain range of the Central Eastern Alps located at the border between Vorarlberg, Liechtenstein and Graubünden The mountain ranges in the central area are very deep, some of which are considered the deepest valleys in Europe. These valleys were originally settled by the Raetians (Rhaeti). Raetia (so always in inscriptions classical manuscripts usually use the form Rhaetia) was a province of the Roman Empire, bounded on the west by the country

The canton borders on Liechtenstein to the north, Austria to the north and the east, Italy to the south and southeast, and the cantons of St. Gallen to the northwest, Canton of Glarus, Uri to the west, and Ticino to the southwest. The Principality of Liechtenstein (Fürstentum Liechtenstein) is a tiny doubly landlocked Alpine country in Western Europe, bordered by Switzerland Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Canton of St Gallen (German Kanton) is a canton of Switzerland. The Canton of Glarus ( German:) is a canton in east central Switzerland. Uri (German) is one of the 26 Cantons of Switzerland. It is located in Central Switzerland. Canton Ticino or Ticino ( Italian: tiˈtʃiːno French and German: Tessin and) is the southernmost canton of The capital city is Chur. CHUR may refer to CHUR-FM, a radio station in North Bay Ontario Canada Chur, is a city in Switzerland The world-famous resorts of Davos and St. Moritz are located in the canton. Davos ( Romansh: Tavau, Italian: Tavate is a municipality in the district of Prättigau/Davos in the canton of St Moritz ( German: Sankt Moritz, Romansh: San Murezzan) is an exclusive resort town in the Engadine valley in Switzerland

History

Main article: History of the Grisons

Most of the lands of the canton were once part of a Roman province called Raetia which was established in 15 BC. The Three Leagues was the alliance of 1471 of the League of God's House, the League of the Ten Jurisdictions and the Grey League, leading eventually to The area later was part of the lands of the diocese at Chur. CHUR may refer to CHUR-FM, a radio station in North Bay Ontario Canada Chur, is a city in Switzerland

In 1367 the League of God's House (Cadi, Gottes Haus, Ca' di Dio), was founded to resist the rising power of the Bishop of Chur. The League of God's House ( German: Gotteshausbund, Italian: Lega Caddea, Romansh: Lia da la Chadé) was formed in The Bishop of Chur (German Bischof von Chur) is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur, Grisons, Switzerland This was followed by the establishment of the Grey League (Grauer Bund), sometimes called Oberbund, in 1395 in the Upper Rhine valley. The Grey League (Grauer Bund Lia Grischa sometimes called Oberbund, formed in 1395 in the Vorderrhein and Hinterrhein The name Grey League is derived from the homespun grey clothes worn by the people. The name of this league later gave its name to the canton of Graubünden. A third league was established in 1436 by the people of ten bailiwicks in the former Toggenburg countship, as the dynasty of Toggenburg had become extinct. A bailiwick is the area of jurisdiction of a Bailiff. The term was also applied to a territory in which the Sheriff 's functions were exercised by a privately appointed The Counts of Toggenburg ( Grafen von Toggenburg) ruled the Toggenburg region of today's Canton of St The league was called League of the Ten Jurisdictions (Zehngerichtebund). The League of the Ten Jurisdictions was the last of the Three Leagues founded during the Middle Ages in what is now Canton Graubünden of Switzerland

The first step towards the canton of Graubünden was when the league of the Ten Jurisdictions allied with the League of God's House in 1450. In 1471 the two leagues allied with the Grey League. This was caused by the inheritance of the extinct Toggenburg dynasty possessions by the Habsburgs in 1496. This meant that the leagues allied with the Swiss Confederation. The Habsburgs were defeated at Calven Gorge and Dornach, helping the Swiss Confederation and the allied leagues of the canton of Grisons to be recognised. The Battle of Calven ( Romansh: Chalavaina) took place on May 22, 1499 at the exit of the Val Müstair in the Grisons (now At the Battle of Dornach on 22 July 1499, the troops of Emperor Maximilian I were decisively beaten by the Old Swiss Confederacy close to the

The last traces of the Bishop of Chur's jurisdiction were abolished in 1526. The Musso war of 1520 drove the Three Leagues closer to the Swiss Confederacy. The Musso war was an armed conflict between the federation of the Three Leagues ( Drei Bünde) in the Grisons, an associate state of the Old Swiss Confederacy The lands of the canton of Graubünden were part of the Helvetic Republic, but the "perpetual ally" of Switzerland became a canton in 1803. In Swiss history, the Helvetic Republic ( 1798 &ndash 1803) represented an early attempt to impose a central authority over Switzerland, Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation 1803 ( MDCCCIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The constitution of the canton dates from 1892. Year 1892 ( MDCCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year

The arms of the three original leagues are now all part of the coat of arms of the canton. A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people

Culture

Piz Bernina (centre-left) with the Biancograt to the left, Piz Scerscen (centre-right) and Piz Roseg (right), seen from Piz Corvatsch

The Graubünden are known for a dried-beef delicacy called Bündnerfleisch and for a nut and honey pie known as Bündner Nusstorte. Bindenfleisch, also known as Bündnerfleisch or Viande des Grisons, is an air dried meat that is produced in the Grisons canton of Switzerland Another specialty, predominantly made in the western part of Grison, is Capuns, a hearty meal of meat, cheese and salad leaves.

Economy

Agriculture and tourism are the pillars of the canton's economy. Agriculture includes forests and mountain pasturage in summer, particularly of sheep and goats. Tourism is concentrated in the mountains, particularly around the towns of Davos/Arosa, Laax and St. Moritz/Pontresina. Davos ( Romansh: Tavau, Italian: Tavate is a municipality in the district of Prättigau/Davos in the canton of Arosa is a municipality in the district of Plessur in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. Laax (Romansh Lags) is a municipality in the district of Surselva in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. St Moritz ( German: Sankt Moritz, Romansh: San Murezzan) is an exclusive resort town in the Engadine valley in Switzerland Pontresina is a municipality in the district of Maloja in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. There are, however, a great number of other tourist resorts in the canton.

There is wine production around the capital Chur. Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice CHUR may refer to CHUR-FM, a radio station in North Bay Ontario Canada Chur, is a city in Switzerland Chur is also an industrial centre. In the southern valleys of Mesolcina/Misox and Poschiavo there is corn (maize) and chestnut farming. Poschiavo (Poschiavo Puschlav Puschlav is a municipality in the district of Bernina in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland Maize (ˈmeɪz ( Zea mays L. ssp mays) known as corn in some countries is a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica Chestnut ( Castanea) (including some chinkapin or Chinquapin) is a Genus of eight or nine Species of Deciduous

Demographics

Geographical distribution of languages in Graubünden, with Romansh-speaking areas shown in purple, German-speaking areas in orange, Standard Italian-speaking areas in blue. Romansh (also spelled Romansch, Rumants(ch or Romanche) is one of the four official languages of Switzerland, along with German, The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Striped areas have swinging majority, traditionally strong minorities (+30%) of either official languages or are officially bilingual communities.

The languages spoken in Graubünden are German in the northwest (54%), Romansh in the Engadin and around Disentis/Mustér (31%), and Standard Italian in the valleys Mesolcina/Misox, Calanca, Val Bregaglia, and Poschiavo (15%). The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Romansh or Romansch may refer to Romansh language Romansh people Etymology In Romansch which is the indigenous language of the region the "Engadin" literally translates as the garden of the Inn River (Romansch En Disentis ( German) or Mustér ( Romansh) with its official name Disentis/Mustér is a municipality in the district of Surselva Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. The Misox ( Italian Val or Valle Mesolcina) is an alpine valley of the Grisons, Switzerland, The Bregaglia Range (commonly the Bregaglia) is a small group of mostly Granite Mountains in Graubünden, Switzerland and Poschiavo (Poschiavo Puschlav Puschlav is a municipality in the district of Bernina in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland Graubünden is the only canton of Switzerland with three official languages.

Romansh is an umbrella term covering a group of closely-related dialects, spoken in southern Switzerland and all belonging to the Rhaeto-Romance language family. An umbrella term is a word that provides a Superset or grouping of related concepts also called a Hypernym. A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος dialektos) is a variety of a Language that is characteristic of a particular group of Rhaeto-Romance languages are a Romance language sub-family which includes multiple languages spoken in North-Eastern Italy and Switzerland. These dialects include Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Puter and Vallader. Romansh was nationally standardised in 1982 by Zürich-based linguist Heinrich Schmid. Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) Zürich (, Zürich German: Züri, Zurich, Zurigo; in English generally Zurich) is the largest city in Switzerland and capital of the Heinrich Schmid ( Zurich, 6 April 1921 — Zurich 23 February 1999 was a Swiss Linguist and “father” of the Rhaeto-Romance Dachsprachen The standardised language, called Rumantsch Grischun, has been slowly accepted. Romansh has been recognized as one of four "national languages" by the Swiss Federal Constitution since 1938. The Federal Constitution of 18 April 1999 (Bundesverfassung der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft Constitution fédérale de la Confédération suisse Constituzione federale della Confederazione It was also declared an "official language" of the Confederation in 1996, meaning that Romansh speakers may use Rumantsch Grischun for correspondence with the federal government and expect to receive a response in the same language. Romansh has an official language at a cantonal level. Municipalities in turn are free to specify their own official languages.

The main religions are Catholicism and Protestantism. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Both are well-represented in the canton, with Roman Catholics forming a slight majority.

Districts

Districts of Canton Graubünden

Canton Graubünden is divided into 11 Districts. They tend to follow the natural boundaries of the landscape. The districts are further subdivided into 39 sub-districts (German: Kreise):

Albula with the sub-districts Alvaschein, Belfort, Bergün and Surses
Bernina with the sub-districts Brusio and Poschiavo
Hinterrhein with the sub-districts Avers, Domleschg, Rheinwald, Schams and Thusis
Imboden with the sub-districts Trins and Rhäzüns
Inn with the sub-districts Ramosch, Sur Tasna, Suot Tasna and Val Müstair
Landquart with the sub-districts Maienfeld and Fünf Dörfer
Maloja with the sub-districts Bergell and Oberengadin
Moesa with the sub-districts Calanca, Misox and Roveredo
Plessur with the sub-districts Chur, Churwalden and Schanfigg
Prättigau/Davos with the sub-districts Davos, Jenaz, Klosters, Küblis, Luzein, Schiers and Seewis
Surselva with the sub-districts Disentis, Ilanz, Lumnezia/Lugnez, Ruis and Safien

Municipalities

There are 209 municipalities in the canton (as of April 2004). Albula is one of the eleven administrative districts in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. Bernina is an administrative district in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. Hinterrhein is an administrative district in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. Imboden is an administrative district in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. Inn is an administrative district in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. The Val Müstair ( German: Münstertal, Italian: Val Monastero) is a mountain valley in the Swiss Alps. Landquart is an administrative district in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. Maloja ( Distretto di Maloggia) is an administrative district in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. Moesa (Moësa is an administrative district in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. Plessur is an administrative district in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. CHUR may refer to CHUR-FM, a radio station in North Bay Ontario Canada Chur, is a city in Switzerland Prättigau/Davos is an administrative district in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. Davos ( Romansh: Tavau, Italian: Tavate is a municipality in the district of Prättigau/Davos in the canton of Jenaz is a Kreis, or sub-district in the canton of Grisons, Switzerland. Klosters is a municipality in the district of Prättigau/Davos in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. Surselva is an administrative district in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. Ilanz is a Kreis, or sub-district of Surselva, in the canton of Graubünden ( French: Grisons) Switzerland. Surselva is an administrative district in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland. Safien is a municipality in the district of Surselva in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. There are 203 municipalities in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland ( As of January 2008) "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "

External links

Tourist office
Official Page (German) (Italian) (Romansh)
Official Statistics
Graubünden in Romansh, German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland. Municipalities (sometimes called communities or communes, after the French/Italian names are the smallest government division in Switzerland and are called The Swiss Alps (Schweizer Alpen Alpes suisses Alpi svizzere Alps svizras are the central portion of the Alps Mountain range that lies within The Historical Dictionary of Switzerland is an Encyclopedia on the History of Switzerland that aims to take into account the results of modern historical research

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