Graphic art software[1] is a subclass of application software used for graphic design, multimedia development, specialized image development, general image editing, or simply to access graphic files. Application software is a subclass of Computer software that employs the capabilities of a computer directly and thoroughly to a task that the user wishes to perform The term graphic design can refer to a number of artistic and professional disciplines which focus on visual communication and presentation Multimedia is media and content that utilizes a combination of different content forms. Term Scope Image development is essentially Visual art usually for commercial purposes, but includes techniques not considered Fine art or Image editing encompasses the processes of altering Images whether they be digital photographs traditional analog photographs or Illustrations In Computer graphics, graphics software or image editing software is a program or collection of programs that enable a person to manipulate visual images Art software uses either raster or vector graphic reading and editing methods to create, edit, and view art. In Computer graphics, a raster graphics image or bitmap, is a Data structure representing a generally rectangular grid of Pixels Vector graphics is the use of geometrical primitives such as points lines, Curves and shapes or Polygon (s which are all based
Many artists and other creative professionals today use computers rather than traditional media. The definition of an artist is wide-ranging and covers a broad spectrum of Activities to do with creating Art, practicing the Arts and/or demonstrating A creative professional is a person who is employed for the extraction of skills in creative endeavors A personal computer ( PC) is any Computer whose original sales price size and capabilities make it useful for individuals and which is intended to be operated Using graphic art software may be more efficient than rendering using traditional media by requiring less hand-eye coordination, requiring less visualization skills, and utilizing the computer's quicker (sometimes more accurate) automated rendering functions to create images. Rendering in Visual art and Technical drawing means the process of creating shading and texturing of an image especially a Photorealistic one In the Arts media (plural of Medium) are the materials and techniques used by an Artist to produce a work Eye–hand (alternatively hand–eye) coordination refers to the control of eye movement and the processing of visual input to guide bodily movement See also Visualization and Information graphics Visualization is any technique for creating Images Diagrams or Rendering is the process of generating an image from a model, by means of computer programs However, advanced level computer styles, effects and editing methods may require a steeper a learning curve of computer technical skills than what was required to learn traditional hand rendering and visualization skills. The potential of the sophistication to enhance creativity more than the learning curve may hinder creativity may depend on the intuitiveness of the interface. Creativity is a mental process involving the generation of new Ideas or Concepts, or new associations of the creative mind between existing ideas or concepts
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Specialized software
Most art software includes common functions, creation tools, editing tools, filters, and automated rendering modes. Many, however, are designed to enhance a specialized skill or technique.
Graphic design software
Graphic design professionals favor general image editing software and page layout software commonly referred to as desktop publishing software. Image editing encompasses the processes of altering Images whether they be digital photographs traditional analog photographs or Illustrations Page layout is the part of Graphic design that deals in the arrangement and style treatment of elements (content on a page Desktop publishing (also known as DTP) combines a Personal computer and WYSIWYG page layout Software to create Publication Documents
Multimedia development software
Multimedia development professionals favor software with audio, motion and interactivity such as software for creating and editing hypermedia, electronic presentations (more specifically slide presentations), computer simulations and games. Motion graphics are graphics that use video and/or Animation technology to create the Illusion of motion or a transforming appearance Hypermedia is used as a logical extension of the term Hypertext in which graphics audio video plain text and Hyperlinks intertwine to create a generally non-linear Presentation is the process of showing and explaining the content of a topic to an audience A computer simulation, a computer model or a computational model is a Computer program, or network of computers that attempts to simulate an A personal computer Game (also known as a computer game or simply PC game) is a Video game played on a Personal computer, rather
Image development software
Image development professionals may use general graphic editors or may prefer more specialized software. Although images can be created from scratch with most art software, specialized software applications or advanced features of generalized applications are used for more accurate visual effects. These visual effects include:
Traditional medium effects
Vector editors are ideal for solid crisp lines seen in line art, poster, woodcut ink effects, and mosaic effects. Non-photorealistic rendering (NPR is an area of Computer graphics that focuses on enabling a wide variety of expressive styles for digital art Printmaking art techniques such as Engraving, Etching, Woodcut and Lithography are covered more fully in their respective articles A poster is any piece of printed Paper designed to be attached to a wall or vertical surface For the origins of the technique and non-artistic use see Woodblock printing; for the related technique invented in the 18th century see Wood engraving Art History Mosaics of the 4th century BC are found in the Macedonian palace-city of Aegae, and they enriched the floors of Hellenistic
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Some generalized image editors, such as Photoshop are used for digital painting (representing real brush and canvas textures such as watercolor or burlap canvas) or handicraft textures such as mosaic or stained glass. Digital painting is an emerging art form in which traditional painting techniques such as Watercolor, oils, Impasto, etc Watercolor ( US) or Watercolour ( UK) (and "aquarelle" in French is a Painting method Handicraft, also known as craftwork or simply Craft, is a type of work where useful and decorative devices are made completely by hand or using only simple tools Art History Mosaics of the 4th century BC are found in the Macedonian palace-city of Aegae, and they enriched the floors of Hellenistic For the Blackford Oakes novel see Stained Glass (novel The term stained glass refers either to the material of coloured Glass or to the art However, unlike Photoshop, which was originally designed for photo editing, software such as Corel Painter and Photo-Paint were originally designed for rendering with digital painting effects and continue to evolve with more emphasis on hand-rendering styles that don't appear computer generated. Corel PHOTO-PAINT is a Raster graphics editor created by Corel. The term computer-generated most often refers to a sound or visual that has been created in whole or in part with the aid of Computer software.
Photorealistic effects
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Unlike traditional medium effects, photorealistic effects create the illusion of a photographed image. Photorealism is the genre of painting based on making a painting of a Photograph. Specialized software may contain 3-D modeling and ray tracing features to make images appear photographed. In 3D computer graphics, 3D modeling is the process of developing a mathematical, wireframe representation of any three-dimensional object In Computer graphics, ray tracing is a technique for generating an image by tracing the path of Light through pixels in an Image plane Some 3-D software is for general 3-D object modeling, whereas other 3-D software is more specialized, such as Poser for characters or Bryce for scenery. Poser is a 3D rendering and animation software program optimized for models that depict the human figure in three-dimensional form Bryce is a 3D modeling, rendering and animation program specializing in Fractal landscapes The name is taken from Bryce Canyon Software such as Photoshop may be used to create 3-D effects from 2-D (flat) images instead of 3-D models. AddDepth is a discontinued software for extruding 2-D shapes into 3-D images with the option of beveled effects. Extrusion is a process used to create objects of a fixed cross-sectional profile A beveled edge refers to an edge of a structure that is not perpendicular (but instead often at 45 degrees to the faces of the piece MetaCreations Detailer and Painter 3D are discontinued software applications specifically for painting texture maps on 3-D Models. MetaCreations was a Computer software company founded in 1997 by the mergers of MetaTools Fractal Design Corporation Ray Dream Specular and RTG Texture mapping is a method for adding detail surface texture or colour to a computer-generated graphic or 3D model.
Hyperrealistic effects
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Specialized software may be used to combine traditional medium effects and photorealistic effects. 3-D modeling software may be exclusively for, include features for, or include the option of 3rd party plugins for rendering 3-D models with 2-D effects (e. g. cartoons, illustrations) for hyperrealistic effects. The word cartoon has various meanings based on several very different forms of Visual art and Illustration. An illustration is a visualization such as a Drawing, Painting, Photograph or other work of Art that stresses subject more than This article is about the Art movement of Hyperrealism In Painting and Sculpture the phrase "Hyperrealism" is used to describe a photorealistic Other 2-D image editing software may be used to trace photographs or rotoscope animations from film. A photograph (often shortened to photo) is an Image created by Light falling on a light-sensitive surface usually Photographic film or an electronic Rotoscoping is an Animation technique in which Animators trace over live-action film movement frame by frame for use in Animated films Originally This allows artists to rapidly apply unique styles to what would be purely photorealistic images from computer generated imagery from 3-D models or photographs. Some styles of hyperealism may require motion visual effects (e. In Physics, motion means a constant change in the location of a body Visual effects (commonly shortened to Visual F/X or VFX) are the various processes by which imagery is created and/or manipulated outside the context of a Live g. geometrically accurate rotation, accurate kinetics, simulated organic growth, life-like motion constraints) to notice the realism of the imagery. Geometry ( Greek γεωμετρία; geo = earth metria = measure is a part of Mathematics concerned with questions of size shape and relative position Life is a state that distinguishes Organisms from non-living objects such as non-life and dead organisms being manifested by growth through Metabolism Software may be used to bridge the gap between the imagination and the law of physics. Imagination is the ability to form Mental images/sounds/feelings or the ability to Spontaneously Generate images/sounds/feelings within one's own Mind A physical law or scientific law is a Scientific generalization based on empirical Observations of physical behavior (i
Specialized graphic format handling
This may include software for handling specialized graphic file formats such as Fontographer software, which is dedicated to creating and editing computer fonts. A file format is a particular way to encode information for storage in a Computer file. Fontographer, sometimes abbreviated to FOG, is a software application used to design fonts available for both Microsoft Windows and Apple Macintosh platforms This article is about font technology For information about the typographic appearance of individual font sets see Typefaces A computer font (or Some general image editing software has unique image file handling features as well. Vector graphic editors handle vector graphic files and are able to load PostScript files natively. PostScript ( PS) is a dynamically typed concatenative Programming language created by John Warnock and Charles Geschke in 1982 Some tools enable professional photographers to use nondestructive image processing for editing digital photography without permanently changing or duplicating the original, using the RAW image format. Digital photography is a form of Photography that utilizes Digital technology to make Digital images of subjects A raw image file contains minimally processed data from the image sensor of a Digital camera or Image scanner. Other special handling software includes software for capturing images such as 2-D scanning software, 3-D scanning software and screen-capturing, or software for specialized graphic format processing such as raster image processing and file format conversion. Historical precedent Scanners can be considered the successors of early telephotography input devices consisting of a rotating drum with a single Photodetector at A 3D scanner is a device that analyzes a real-world object or environment to collect data on its shape and possibly its appearance (i A screenshot, screen capture, or screen dump is an Image taken by the Computer to record the visible items displayed on the monitor A raster image processor (RIP is a component used in a Printing system which produces a raster image also know as a Bitmap.
Software
- List of raster graphics editors
- List of vector graphics editors
- 3D computer graphics software (description and list)
- Presentation software (description and list)
- Desktop publishing (description and list)
- List of media players (viewing access only)
- Comparison of media players
References
- ^ Bob Gordon, Maggie Gordon The Complete Guide to Digital Graphic Design , 15 March 2002 pp:44
See also
- Computer art
- Computer generated imagery
- Computer graphics
- Digital artist
- Graphics programs
- Kaleidica Light Instrument
- Raster graphics editor
- Vector graphics editor
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