A grammar school is a school that may, depending on regional usage as exemplified below, provide either secondary education or, a much less common usage, primary education (also known as "elementary"). A school (from Greek σχολεῖον - scholeion) is an Institution designed to allow and encourage Students (or "pupils" Australia See also Education Primary education is the first stage of Compulsory education. Primary education is the first stage of Compulsory education. Grammar schools trace their origins back to medieval Europe, as schools in which university preparatory subjects, such as Latin and Greek, were emphasized. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The Ancient Greek language is the historical stage in the development of the Hellenic language family spanning the Archaic (c
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Origins
The original intent of the medieval grammar schools was to educate the young in the grammar of Latin. Grammar is the field of Linguistics that covers the Rules governing the use of any given natural language. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Later the curriculum was considerably broadened to include other languages, such as Greek, Hebrew, English and European languages, as well as the natural sciences, mathematics, history, geography and other subjects. In formal education a curriculum (plural curricula) is the set of courses and their content offered at a School or University. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Most of the many Languages of Europe belong to the Indo-European Language family. In Science, the term natural science refers to a naturalistic approach to the study of the Universe, which is understood as obeying rules or law of Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and History is the study of the past particularly the written record Those who study history as a Profession are called Historians Etymology Geography (from Greek γεωγραφία - geografia) is the study of the Earth and its lands features inhabitants and phenomena
Australia
In Australia, "grammar schools" are generally high-cost Anglican Church of Australia schools, public schools in the sense of the Associated Public Schools of Victoria and the Associated Grammar Schools of Victoria. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Anglican Church of Australia, a member church of the Anglican Communion, was previously officially known as the Church of England in Australia and Tasmania (renamed The term public school has two distinct (and virtually opposite meanings depending on the location of usage in the United States, Australia and The Associated Public Schools of Victoria (APS are a group of eleven independent schools in Victoria, Australia, similar to the Athletic Association of the Great The Associated Grammar Schools of Victoria (AGSV are a group of nine independent schools in Victoria, Australia, formed in 1920 Those using the term "grammar" in their title are often the oldest Anglican school in their area. Examples of these include such schools as Camberwell Grammar School (1886), Caulfield Grammar School (1881), Geelong Grammar School (1855) and Melbourne Grammar School (1858). Camberwell Grammar School is an independent, Anglican, Day school for boys located in Canterbury, a suburb of Melbourne, Caulfield Grammar School is an independent, Co-educational, Anglican, day and Boarding school, located in Melbourne Geelong Church of England Grammar School is a independent, Anglican, Co-educational, boarding and Day school. Melbourne Grammar School is an independent, Anglican, day and Boarding school predominantly for boys located in South Yarra The equivalent of the English grammar schools are selective schools. A selective school is a school which admits students on the basis of some sort of selection criteria usually academic
Canada
In Ontario, until 1870, a grammar school referred to a secondary school. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec High school is the name used in some parts of the world (in particular Scotland, North America and Australia) to describe an institution
Hong Kong
In Hong Kong, grammar schools are secondary schools primarily offering a traditional curriculum (rather than vocational subjects). Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders A vocation is an occupation for which a person is suited trained or qualified
Republic of Ireland
Education in the Republic of Ireland, has been mainly organised on denominational lines. Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. Denominationalism|List of Christian denominations|Church (disambiguation A Christian denomination is an identifiable religious body under a common name structure and doctrine within Grammar schools along the lines of those in Great Britain were set up for members of the Church of Ireland prior to its disestablishment in 1871. The Church of Ireland (Eaglais na hÉireann is an autonomous province of the Anglican Communion, operating across the island of Ireland. Disestablishmentarianism refers to the withdrawal of state support of an established church that was formerly part of the state establishment Some schools remain, as private schools catering largely for Protestant students. These are often fee-paying and accommodate boarders, given the scattered nature of the Protestant population in much of Ireland. Such schools include those in Bandon[1], Drogheda (run by Quakers since 1956[2]), Dundalk[3] and Sligo[4]. Drogheda (ˈdrɒhədə ˈdrɔːdə ( Droichead Átha in Irish, meaning "Bridge of the Ford" is an industrial and port town in County Louth on Dundalk Grammar School, is a fee paying post-primary school in Dundalk, County Louth. Sligo (disambiguation Sligo ( (ˈslaɪɡoʊ "sly-go" Irish ˈɕlʲɪɟəx is the County town of County Sligo in Ireland. Others are among the many former fee-paying schools which have been absorbed into larger state-funded Community Schools, Community Colleges, and Comprehensive Schools, founded since the introduction of universal secondary education in the Republic by minister Donagh O'Malley in September 1967. Examples include Cork Grammar School, replaced by Ashton Comprehensive School. Cork (Corcaigh is the second largest city in the Republic of Ireland and the island of Ireland 's third most populous city after Dublin and Belfast [5]
United Kingdom
By the late medieval period in Britain there were many schools teaching Latin grammar. In England the Tudor King Edward VI reorganised these schools or instituted new ones so that there was a national system of "free grammar schools" that were in theory open to all and offered free tuition to those who could not afford to pay fees. The Tudor dynasty or House of Tudor was an English royal Dynasty that lasted 118 years from 1485 to 1603 a period known as the Tudor period Edward VI (12 October 1537 &ndash 6 July 1553 became King of England and Ireland on 28 January 1547 and was crowned on 20 February at the age of nine The vast majority of poor children did not attend these schools since their labour was economically valuable to their families.
In the late Victorian period grammar schools were reorganised and their curriculum was modernised, although Latin was still taught. Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities
The Tripartite System was established in England and Wales by the Education Act 1944, and in Northern Ireland by the Education (Northern Ireland) Act 1947. The Tripartite System, known colloquially as the grammar school system was the structure by which Secondary education was organised in England and Wales between the History The Roman occupation of Britain was the first period in which the area of present-day England and Wales was administered as a single unit (with the exception The Education Act 1944 changed the education system for secondary Schools in England and Wales. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of This defined the grammar school as the place of education for the academically gifted (with entrance determined by a selection exam; initially this was the "Scholarship" exam, which was later replaced by a "Grading Test" which was then subsequently replaced by the 11+ exam). Children who did not pass the selection test attended technical schools or secondary modern schools. A Secondary Technical School was a type of secondary school in the United Kingdom that existed in the mid-20th century under the Tripartite System of education A Secondary Modern School is a type of Secondary school that existed in most of the United Kingdom from 1944 until the early 1970s under the Tripartite System The system became controversial in the post-war years. The debate about the British Tripartite System, also known as the grammar school system still continues years after its abolition was initiated and has evolved into a debate about the Critics condemned it as being elitist and defenders claimed that grammar schools allow pupils to obtain a good education through merit rather than through family income. In the mid-1960s the then Labour Government tried to restrict or abolish grammar schools by requiring local authorities to introduce comprehensive schools. A comprehensive school is a Secondary school and State school for children from the age of 11 to at least 16 that does not select children on the basis of academic Following this, some grammar schools became fully independent and charged fees, while still usually retaining "grammar school" in their title. However, many grammar schools continue to be state run, and now have locally administered selection tests for entrance.
The Government run 11 plus selection exam has now been abolished in the UK, and no longer do all children sit for it as used to be the case. However, voluntary selection tests are still conducted in certain areas of the UK, where some of the original grammar schools have been retained. These areas include: Northern Ireland and some English counties and districts including Devon, Dorset, Kent, Buckinghamshire, Essex, Birmingham, Trafford, Wiltshire, North Yorkshire, Calderdale, Kirklees, Wirral, Warwickshire, Gloucestershire, Lincolnshire and some London boroughs such as Bexley, Kingston-upon-Thames and Redbridge. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of Devon is a large county in the South West of England. The county is also referred to as Devonshire, but that is an entirely unofficial name Dorset ( (or archaically, Dorsetshire) is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast KENT (1400 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Adult Standards/MOR format Buckinghamshire (abbreviated Bucks) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan home county in South East England. Essex is a county in the East of England. The County town is Chelmsford, and the highest point of the county is Chrishall Common Birmingham ( ˈbɜːmɪŋəm Ber -ming-um The Metropolitan Borough of Trafford is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England Etymology The county formerly 'Wiltonshire' or 'Wiltunscir' (9th century is named after the former county town of Wilton (itself named after the River Wylye North Yorkshire is a non-metropolitan or shire county located in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, and a ceremonial county in The Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale is a Metropolitan borough of the Metropolitan county of West Yorkshire, England, through which the Kirklees is a Metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England. Geography Warwickshire is bounded to the northwest by the West Midlands Metropolitan county and Staffordshire, by Leicestershire to History See also History of Gloucestershire Gloucestershire is a historic county mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in the 10th century Lincolnshire (abbreviated Lincs) is a county in the east of England. The administrative area of Greater London contains thirty-two London boroughs. Bexley is an area of South East London in the London Borough of Bexley, London, England. The Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames ( is a borough in south-west London, England. There have been various so far unsuccessful attempts by campaigners to accomplish the abolition of all remaining grammar schools. The remaining grammar schools are now thus still selective, typically taking the top 10-25% of those from the local catchment area. Some of the still-existing grammar schools in the United Kingdom can trace their history back to earlier than the 16th century.
United States
In the United States, the term has often been used as a synonym for elementary school, although this usage is significantly in decline. See also Primary education An elementary school is an institution where children receive the first stage of Compulsory education known as elementary However, mention of "grammar school" frequently appears on job applications.
References
- ^ Bandon Grammar School: mission and ethos. Retrieved on 2007-02-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed “Bandon Grammar School is a co-educational, boarding and day school founded in 1641, with an historic and valued association with the Church of Ireland. ”
- ^ Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) in Ireland: Drogheda Grammar School (2006). Retrieved on 2007-02-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed “This year sees the 50th anniversary of Quaker involvement with Drogheda Grammar School. At the time a Quaker committee took over the running of the school. . . ”
- ^ Dundalk Grammar School homepage. Retrieved on 2007-02-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed “Since 1739 the school has been closely associated with the Incorporated Society for Promoting Protestant Schools in Ireland. ”
- ^ Sligo Grammar School: the school. Retrieved on 2007-02-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed “The school is one of a small number of schools in the Republic of Ireland under Church of Ireland management”
- ^ Ashton School: history. Retrieved on 2007-02-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed “Ashton School, as a comprehensive school, was founded in September 1972 when Rochelle School and Cork Grammar School merged on the Grammar School site. ”
See also
A gymnasium (pronounced with ɡ- in several languages is a type of school providing Secondary education in some parts of Europe, comparable to English grammar Harrie Irving Hancock (1866?-1922 was an American chemist and writer mainly remembered as an author of Children's literature and juveniles in the late 19th and earlyDictionary
grammar school
-noun
- (archaic) A school that teaches its pupils the grammar system of a European language, especially Latin and Greek.
- (mostly UK) A secondary school that stresses academic over practical or vocational education, until recent times open to those pupils who had passed the 11-plus examination.
- (US) Elementary school.
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