A Graded road is often the first standard road infrastructure that is developed in areas of sandy or rocky countries. Initially either a bulldozer (for rocky areas) or plough (sandy areas) is deployed to drive a road bed surface along the available route. ----A bulldozer is a crawler ( Caterpillar tracked Tractor) equipped with a substantial metal plate (known as a blade) used to push large quantities The plough ( American spelling plow; both plaŹ is a Tool used in Farming for initial cultivation of soil in preparation for sowing seed This route may be significantly influenced by the terrain in hilly areas and is often single track. Terrain, or relief, is the third or vertical dimension of land surface.
In a sandy environment the plough will create a windrow or pile of material at each side of the road. A windrow is a row of cut (mowed Hay or small grain crop It is allowed to dry before being baled combined or rolled This windrow delineates the road from desert. A desert is a Landscape or region that receives very little precipitation. After substantial use or after heavy rain the surface may become rutted or eroded and it is a frequent necessity for a plough to re-grade the surface. A rut is a depression or groove worn into a road or path by the travel of wheels or skis or by erosion from flowing water
Graded roads can allow vehicle speeds in excess of 80 Km/h but there are often many obstacles that make this unsafe. In dry areas a common problem with graded roads is the creation of a dust cloud by the vehicle in front or from the opposite direction. Mineral dust is a term used to indicate atmospheric aerosols originated from thesuspension of Minerals constituting the Soil, being composed of various It is best not to follow closely in such conditions and to pull off the road (beyond the windrow) in the case of an approaching cloud to avoid collision.