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For the Brazilian city with the same name, see Graça Aranha, Maranhão. Graça Aranha is a municipality and city in the state of Maranhão, Brazil.

José Pereira da Graça Aranha (b. 21 June 1868, São Luis, Maranhão, d. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Maranhão (maɾaˈɲɐ̃w̃ is one of the states of Brazil in the north-eastern region 26 January 1931, Rio de Janeiro), was a Brazilian magistrate, diplomat and writer, a founder of the Brazilian Academy of Letters in 1897 and one of the pioneers of the Brazilian Modernism Movement. Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Rio de Janeiro ("River of January" ˈhiw dʒi ʒʌˈnejɾu in Brazilian Portuguese, /ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛroʊ/ in English is the second largest city of Brazil |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld A magistrate is a judicial officer In Common law systems a magistrate usually has limited authority to administer and enforce the Law. Diplomacy is the art and practice of conducting Negotiations between representatives of groups or states A writer is anyone who creates a written work although the word usually designates those who write creatively or professionally as well as those who have written in many different forms Academia Brasileira de Letras ( English: Brazilian Academy of Letters is a Brazilian literary non-profit society established Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Modernism describes an array of Cultural movements rooted in the changes in Western society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century

Graça Aranha, as he was known, was born in São Luís, to a rich and cult family, son of journalist Temístocles da Silva Maciel Aranha and Maria da Glória da Graça. He was a prodigy, having completed his secondary studies when 13 years old, and went to study Law in Recife. Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society Recife ( heˈsifi is the fifth largest Metropolitan area in Brazil and the capital of the state of Pernambuco. He graduated with honours in 1886 and travelled to the South to work. He became a judge in Porto do Cachoeiro, a village in the backlands of the state of Espírito Santo. For the Portuguese company see Espírito Santo Financial Group Espírito Santo (is This experience was used by him in one of his best known novels, Canaã, a great editorial success in 1902. The novel explored the conflicts of the Brazilian immigrants. Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term According to author Raymond Leslie Williams [1]:

Along with Os Sertões (by Euclides da Cunha), Canaã was one of the most widely read and discussed books in Brazil in the early part of the century. Os Sertões (translated as Rebellion in the Backlands) (1902 is a book written by the Brazilian author Euclides da Cunha. Euclides (archaic spelling Euclydes) da Cunha ( January 20, 1866 &mdash August 15, 1909) was a Brazilian Canaã is a work of ideas rather than actions, and one of the central ideas that Graça Aranha promotes is that culture in the broadest sense (cultura) is the ultimate answer to society's ills.

Without having published any books, Graça Aranha was invited to be one of the 40 founding members of the Brazilian Academy of Letter in 1897, by Machado de Assis, Joaquim Nabuco and Lúcio de Mendonça. Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, pron. ʒoa'kĩ ma'riɐ ma'ʃadu dʒi a'sis often known as Machado de Assis, Machado, or Bruxo do Cosme Velho Joaquim Aurélio Barreto Nabuco de Araújo ( Recife, August 19, 1849 &mdash Washington D

In 1900, he was admitted to the Foreign Service as a career diplomat. He worked as such for the next 20 years. While he was stationed in Paris, France, he wrote another success in 1911, the theater drama Malazarte. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one Drama is the specific mode of Fiction represented in Performance. He retired as a diplomat in 1919 and returned to Brazil in 1921.

Graça Aranha sponsored modernism in the letters and arts and had several personality clashes with the traditionalists at the Academy, headed by writer Coelho Neto. Henrique Maximiano Coelho Neto is a writer politician and professor born in Maranhão on February 21, 1864. He allied himself to other budding modernists of São Paulo and organized the revolutionary Week of Modern Art in February 1922. São Paulo ( is the largest city in Brazil, with its metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world The Week of Modern Art ( Semana de Arte Moderna) was an arts festival in São Paulo, Brazil, from February 11 to February 18, Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. He opened the week under booing of an hostile audience, with a conference titled "The aesthetic emotion in modern art".

Shortly before the "Week", Graça Aranha published in 1921 an influential theoretical essay, "Estética da Vida" (An Aesthetics of Life), where he analysed the relationship of Brazilian soul with nature, a recurrent theme at the time. An essay is usually a short piece of writing It is often written from an author's personal point of view. He argued that the three main races had formed the "soul" or essence of the Brazilian people by adding three basic emotions to culture: the Portuguese's melancholy, African childishness and "cosmic terror", and the Indians' "metaphysics of terror", or the use of ghosts. The term race or racial group usually refers to the concept of categorizing Humans into Populations or groups on the basis of various sets The soul, according to many religious and philosophical beliefs is the self-awareness, or Consciousness, unique to a particular living An emotion is a mental and physiological state associated with a wide variety of feelings thoughts and behaviours Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate" generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic Metaphysics is the branch of Philosophy investigating principles of reality transcending those of any particular science A ghost is said to be the apparition of a Deceased person frequently similar in appearance to that person and usually encountered in places she or he frequented He proposed that Brazilian culture should strive to achieve a new relationship to nature, based on the incorporation of such feelings into art and by overcoming the ethnic differences by means of an integration between the I and the cosmos. Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate" generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic Nature, in the broadest sense is equivalent to the natural world, physical universe, material world or material universe.

Due to his participation, Graça Aranha was ostracised in the Academy, but he persisted, to the point even that in June 19, 1924 he stated in a conference, titled "The modern spirit" at the Academy, that its creation had been an error. Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A few months later, in October 18, he resigned from the Academy. Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid In the same year, he founded with Renato Almeida a modernist literature review and magazine, Movimento Brasileiro, which lasted until just after his death.

His last novel, published in 1929 was A Viagem Maravilhosa (The Marvelous Journey), which was not so well received by the critics. He also wrote an incomplete autobiography, which was published posthumously in 1931.

After his death, a group of intellectuals and friends established the Graça Aranha Foundation, a project which was devised by him. One of the Foundation's aims was to award prized in the arts and literature to distinguished Brazilians who excelled in these fields. Among the most famous awardees were writers Rachel de Queiroz, José Lins do Rego, Érico Verissimo, Clarice Lispector, Lêdo Ivo and Alphonsus de Guimaraens Filho. Rachel de Queiroz ( November 17, 1910 – November 4, 2003) was a Brazilian Author and Journalist. José Lins do Rego Cavalcanti ( July 3, 1901 in Pilar Paraíba - December 12, 1957 in Rio de Janeiro) was a Brazilian novelist Érico Veríssimo ( December 17, 1905 - November 28, 1975) is an important Brazilian writer who was born in Rio Grande do Clarice Lispector ( December 10 1920 - December 9 1977) was a Brazilian writer The Foundation, which was maintained by Nazareth Prado, closed down only a year later, when funds for awarding prizes were exhausted.

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