In Greek mythology, the Gorgon (Greek: Γοργών or Γοργώ, transl. Gorgon or Gorgo, "terrible" or, according to some, "loud-roaring") was a vicious female monster with sharp fangs who was a protective deity from early religious concepts. The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the ancient Greeks concerning their gods and Heroes the nature of the world and the origins and significance Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly There are several methods for the romanization of Greek, especially depending whether the language written with Greek letters is Ancient Greek or Modern Greek and Female (♀ is the Sex of an Organism, or a part of an organism which produces ova (egg cells A monster is any of a large number of Legendary creatures which usually appear in Mythology, Legend, or Horror fiction. FANG is a Japanese Manga series by Yoshihiro Takahashi. Story Characters;Asikari: (Wolf/ German Shepherd See also List of deities A deity is a Postulated Preternatural or Supernatural Being, who is always Her power was so strong that one attempting to look upon her would be turned to stone; therefore, such images were put upon items from temples to wine kraters for protection. A temple (from the Latin word Templum) is a structure reserved for religious or spiritual activities such as prayer and sacrifice or analogous rites Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice For the Landform crater see Crater. A krater (in Greek: κρατήρ kratēr, from the Verb κεράννυμι The Gorgon wore a belt of serpents that intertwined as a clasp, confronting each other. Confronted-animals, where two animals face each other in a symmetrical pose is an ancient bilateral Motif in Art and Archaeology.
In late mythology, it was said that there were three Gorgons and that the only mortal one of them, Medusa, had hair of living, venomous snakes that she received as a punishment from Athene. In Greek mythology, Medusa ( Greek: Μέδουσα (Médousa "guardian protectress" was a monstrous Chthonic female character gazing upon ATHENA was an Antimatter research project that took place at the AD Ring at CERN. That image has become especially famous. However, the Gorgon exists in the earliest of written records of Ancient Greek religious beliefs such as those of Homer.
The Gorgon held the primary location at the pediment of the temple at Corfu. The Archaeological Museum of Corfu (Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Κέρκυρας in Corfu, Greece was built between 1962 - 1965 A pediment is a classical architectural element consisting of the triangular section found above the horizontal structure ( Entablature) typically supported by Corfu (Κέρκυρα Kérkyra, ˈkʲe̞ɾkʲiɾa Κέρκυρα or Κόρκυρα Corcyra Corfù is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea It is the oldest stone pediment in Greece and is dated to c. 600 BC.
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Classical tradition
Gorgons are sometimes depicted as having wings of gold, brazen claws, the tusks of boars, but most often with the fangs and skin of a serpent. The area around the village of Vix in northern Burgundy, France is the site of an important prehistoric complex from the Celtic Late Hallstatt Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 A tusk is an extremely long Incisor Tooth of certain Mammals that protrudes when the Mouth is closed The boar or wild boar ( Sus scrofa) is an Omnivorous, gregarious Mammal of the biological family Suidae. The oldest oracles were said to be protected by serpents and a Gorgon image often was associated with those temples. Serpent is a word of Latin origin (from serpens serpentis "something that creeps snake" that is commonly used in a specifically mythic or Lionesses or sphinxes frequently are associated with the Gorgon as well. The lion ( Panthera leo) is a member of the family Felidae and one of four Big cats in the Genus Panthera. A Sphinx is a Zoomorphic mythological figure which is depicted as a recumbent lion with a human head The powerful image of the Gorgon was adopted for the classical images and myths of Zeus and Athena, perhaps being worn in continuation of a more ancient imagery.
Homer, the author of the oldest known work of European literature, speaks only of one Gorgon, whose head is represented in the Iliad as fixed in the center of the aegis of Zeus:
- "About her shoulders she flung the tasselled aegis, fraught with terror. Homer ( Ancient Greek:, Homēros) is a legendary ancient Greek epic Poet, traditionally said to be the author of the epic poems the The Iliad ( Greek: Ἰλιάς (Ancient Ιλιάδα (Modern is together with the Odyssey, one of two ancient "Aegis" (ˈiːdʒɨs has entered modern English to mean a shield protection or sponsorship originally from the name of the mythological protective shield of Zeus Zeus (zjuːs in Greek: nominative: Zeús /zdeús/ genitive: Diós; Modern Greek /'zefs/ in Greek mythology . . and therein is the head of the dread monster, the Gorgon, dread and awful, a portent of Zeus that beareth the aegis. "(5. 735ff)
Its earthly counterpart is a device on the shield of Agamemnon:
- ". In Greek mythology, Agamemnon (very resolute / ( ancient Greek:) is a hero, the son of King Atreus of Mycenae . . and therein was set as a crown the Gorgon, grim of aspect, glaring terribly, and about her were Terror and Rout. "(11. 35ff)
The date of Homer was controversial in antiquity, and is no less so today. Herodotus said that Homer lived 400 years before his own day, which would place Homer about 850 BC;[1] but other ancient sources gave dates much closer to the Trojan War. Herodotus of Halicarnassus ( Greek: Hēródotos Halikarnāsseús) was a Greek Historian who lived in the 5th century BC ( 484 BC&ndash In Greek mythology, the Trojan War was waged against the city of Troy by the Achaeans after Paris of Troy stole Helen from her [2] Those who believe that the stories of the Trojan War derive from a specific historical conflict usually date it to the twelfth or eleventh centuries BC, often preferring the dates given by Eratosthenes, 1194–1184 BC, which roughly corresponds with archaeological evidence of a catastrophic burning of Troy VIIa. Eratosthenes of Cyrene ( Greek; 276 BC - 194 BC was a Greek Mathematician, Poet, athlete, Geographer and Troy VII, in the mound at Hisarlik, is an archaeological layer of Troy spanning late Hittite Empire to Neo-Hittite times (ca For modern scholarship, 'the date of Homer' refers to the date of the poems as much as to the lifetime of an individual. The scholarly consensus is that "the Iliad and the Odyssey date from the extreme end of the ninth century BC or from the eighth, the Iliad being anterior to the Odyssey, perhaps by some decades. "[3] They are presumed to have existed as an oral tradition that eventually became set in historical records. Even at that early time the Gorgon is displayed as a vestige of ancient powers that preceded the historical transition to the beliefs of the Classical Greeks, displayed on the chest of Athene and Zeus. Vestigiality describes homologous characters of Organisms which have lost all or most of their original function in a species through In the context of the art architecture and culture of Ancient Greece, the classical period corresponds to most of the 5th and 4th centuries ATHENA was an Antimatter research project that took place at the AD Ring at CERN.
In the Odyssey, she is a monster of the underworld:
- ". The Odyssey ( Greek: Ὀδύσσεια or Odússeia) is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer. . . and pale fear seized me, lest august Persephone might send forth upon me from out of the house of Hades the head of the Gorgon, that awful monster. In Greek mythology, Persephone ( Kore or Cora) was the embodiment of the Earth's fertility at the same time that she was the Queen of the Underworld Hades (from Greek, Hadēs, originally, Haidēs or, Aidēs, probably from Indo-European *n̥-wid- 'unseen' refers both to the ancient . . "(11. 635)
Around 700 BC, Hesiod (Theogony, Shield of Heracles) increases the number of Gorgons to three—Stheno (the mighty), Euryale (the far-springer), and Medusa (the queen), and makes them the daughters of the sea-god Phorcys and of Keto. ATHENA was an Antimatter research project that took place at the AD Ring at CERN. "Aegis" (ˈiːdʒɨs has entered modern English to mean a shield protection or sponsorship originally from the name of the mythological protective shield of Zeus In Greek mythology, the Golden Fleece (Χρυσόμαλλον Δέρας is the fleece of the winged ram Chrysomallos (Χρυσόμαλλος Jason ( Greek: Ἰάσων, Etruscan: Easun, Laz: Yason) was a late ancient Greek mythological Douris ( Ancient Greek: Δοῦρις / Doũris was an ancient Athenian red-figure vase painter who flourished from ca Hesiod ( Greek: Hesiodos) was an early Greek Poet and Rhapsode, who presumably lived around 700 BCE Theogony ( Greek: Θεογονία theogonia = the birth of God(s is a Poem by Hesiod describing the origins and genealogies The Shield of Heracles ( Ancient Greek: Ἀσπὶς Ἡρακλέους Aspis Hêrakleous) is a fragment of Greek epic, of 481 lines of Stheno ( Greek: Σθεννώ English translation: "forceful" in Greek mythology, was one of the Gorgons, vicious female monsters Euryale ( Greek: Εὐρυάλη English translation: "far-roaming" in Greek mythology, was one of the immortal Gorgons three In Greek mythology, Medusa ( Greek: Μέδουσα (Médousa "guardian protectress" was a monstrous Chthonic female character gazing upon In Greek mythology, Phorcys, or Phorkys (Φόρκυς was one of the names of the "Old Man One of the Sea" the primeval sea god, who according Their home is on the farthest side of the western ocean; according to later authorities, in Libya. Ancient Libya was the region west of the Nile Valley. It corresponds to what is now generally called Northwest Africa.
The Attic tradition, reproduced in Euripides (Ion), regarded the Gorgon as a monster, produced by Gaia to aid her children, the Titans, against the Olympian deities and she was slain by Athena, who wore her skin thereafter. Attica (Αττική Attikí;) is a periphery (subdivision in Greece, containing Athens, the capital of Greece Euripides ( Ancient Greek:) (ca 480 BC–406 BC was the last of the three great tragedians of classical Athens (the other two being Aeschylus Ion (Ίων / Iōn)is an ancient Greek play by Euripides, thought to be written between 414 and 412 BC Gaia (ˈgeɪə or /ˈgaɪə/ (" land " or " Earth " from the Ancient Greek Γαîα also Gæa or Gea ATHENA was an Antimatter research project that took place at the AD Ring at CERN. Of the three Gorgons, only Medusa is mortal.
Aeschylus, who lived from c. Aeschylus (ˈɛskɨləs or /ˈiːskɨləs/ Greek: Ασχύλος, Aischylos, 525 BC/524 BC 456 BC/455 BC was an ancient Greek Playwright 525–456 BC, says that the three Gorgons had only one tooth and one eye among them (see also the Graeae), which they had to swap among themselves, however they are not depicted as such and this may be a confusion with tales that relate to the Graeae. The Graeae ( English translation: "old women" "gray ones" or "gray witches" alternatively spelled Graiai (Γραῖαι Graiae
Apollodorus, c. 180-120 BC, (11. 2. 6, 2. 4. 1, 22. 4. 2) provides a good summary of the Gorgon myth. Much later stories claim that each of three Gorgon sisters, Stheno, Euryale, and Medusa, had snakes for hair, and that they had the power to turn anyone who looked at them to stone.
According to Ovid (Metamorphoses), a Roman poet writing in 8 AD, Medusa alone had serpents in her hair, and this was due to Athena (Roman Minerva) cursing her. Publius Ovidius Naso ( March 20, 43 BC – 17 AD was a Roman poet known to the English -speaking world as Ovid who wrote on many topics including The Metamorphoses by the Roman poet Ovid is a narrative poem Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC ATHENA was an Antimatter research project that took place at the AD Ring at CERN. The MInisterial NEtwoRk for Valorising Activities in digitisation, or MINERVA, is a European Union organization concerned with the digitisation of cultural and Medusa had copulated with Poseidon (Roman Neptune) in a temple of Athena, after being aroused by the golden color of Medusa's hair. In Greek mythology, Poseidon ( Greek:; Latin: Neptūnus) was the god of the Sea and as "Earth-Shaker" Neptune (Neptūnus is the god of water and the sea in Roman mythology, a brother of Jupiter and Pluto. A temple (from the Latin word Templum) is a structure reserved for religious or spiritual activities such as prayer and sacrifice or analogous rites Athena therefore changed the enticing golden locks into serpents.
Pausanias (5. Pausanias ( Greek:) was a Greek traveller and Geographer of the 2nd century CE, who lived in the times of Hadrian, Antoninus 10. 4, 8. 47. 5, many other places), a geographer of the second century A. D. , supplies the details of where and how the Gorgons were represented in Greek art and architecture.
Perseus and Medusa
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In late myths, Medusa was the only one of the three who was not immortal; hence Perseus was able to kill her by cutting off her head while looking at her in the reflection of mirrored shield he supposedly got from the Graeae. Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the ancient Greeks concerning their gods and Heroes the nature of the world and the origins and significance The ancient Greeks proposed many different ideas about primordial deities in their mythology, which would later be largely adapted by the In Greek mythology, the Titans ( Greek: Tītā́n; plural Tītânes) were a race of powerful Deities that ruled during the legendary Zeus (zjuːs in Greek: nominative: Zeús /zdeús/ genitive: Diós; Modern Greek /'zefs/ in Greek mythology The Twelve Olympians, also known as the Dodekatheon ( Greek: Δωδεκάθεον Pan ( Greek, Genitive) is the Greek god of shepherds and flocks of mountain wilds hunting and rustic music paein means to pasture In Greek mythology, a nymph is any member of a large class of mythological entities in human female form In Classical mythology, Dionysus or Dionysos (in Greek, Διόνυσος or Διώνυσος; associated with Roman The ancient Greeks had a large number of sea deities. The philosopher Plato once remarked that the Greek people were like frogs sitting around a pond -- their Chthonic (from Greek χθόνιος khthonios "of the earth" from khthōn "earth" pertaining to the Earth; earthy subterranean In Greek mythology, Heracles or Herakles ("glory of Hera " or The Twelve Labours of Hercules (Greek Δωδεκαθλος, dodekathlos) age a series of archaic episodes connected by a later continuous narrative concerning "Achilleus" redirects here For the emperor with this name see Achilleus (emperor. In Greek mythology, the Trojan War was waged against the city of Troy by the Achaeans after Paris of Troy stole Helen from her grc-Latn Odysseus or la Ulysses ( Greek grc-Latn Odysseus; Latin: la Ulixes or more commonly Ulysses) oʊˈdɪsiəs The Odyssey ( Greek: Ὀδύσσεια or Odússeia) is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer. Jason ( Greek: Ἰάσων, Etruscan: Easun, Laz: Yason) was a late ancient Greek mythological In Greek mythology, the Golden Fleece (Χρυσόμαλλον Δέρας is the fleece of the winged ram Chrysomallos (Χρυσόμαλλος Perseus, Perseos, or Perseas ( Greek: Περσεύς, Περσέως, Περσέας) the Legendary founder In Greek mythology, Medusa ( Greek: Μέδουσα (Médousa "guardian protectress" was a monstrous Chthonic female character gazing upon Oedipus (pronounced /ˈɛdəpəs/ in American English or /ˈiːdəpəs/ in British English; Greek: Oidípous meaning "swollen-footed" The Seven against Thebes (Επτά επί Θήβας Epta epi Thēbas) is a mythic narrative whose classic statement is found in the play by Aeschylus (467 BCE For other uses see Theseus (disambiguation Theseus (Θησεύς was a Legendary king of Athens, son of Aethra, and fathered In Greek mythology, the Minotaur ( Greek:, Mīnṓtauros) was a creature that was part man and part bull. Buzyges redirects here For the Genus of Grass skipper Butterflies, see Buzyges (butterfly. The Eleusinian Mysteries (Ἐλευσίνια Μυστήρια were initiation ceremonies held every year for the cult of Demeter and Persephone Mystery Religions, Sacred Mysteries or simply Mysteries, were "religious cults of the Graeco-Roman In Greek mythology, satyrs (Σάτυροι Satyroi) are a troop of male companions of Pan and Dionysus – " Satyresses quot In Greek mythology, the centaurs (from Ancient Greek: Κένταυροι - Kéntauroi are a race of creatures composed of part Human Dragons play a role in Greek mythology. Ladon was a Dragon -like beast that was slain by Heracles in the garden of the Hesperides during the Twelve Greek religion encompasses the collection of beliefs and rituals practiced in Ancient Greece in the form of both popular public religion and cult practices. Perseus, Perseos, or Perseas ( Greek: Περσεύς, Περσέως, Περσέας) the Legendary founder The Graeae ( English translation: "old women" "gray ones" or "gray witches" alternatively spelled Graiai (Γραῖαι Graiae
Some authors say that Perseus was armed with a scythe by Hermes (Mercury) and a mirror (or a shield) by Athena (Minerva). Hermes ( Greek,, ˈhɝmiːz in Greek mythology, is the Olympian god of boundaries and of the travelers who cross them of Shepherds and "Alipes" redirects here For the Centipede Genus, see Alipes (centipede. ATHENA was an Antimatter research project that took place at the AD Ring at CERN. The MInisterial NEtwoRk for Valorising Activities in digitisation, or MINERVA, is a European Union organization concerned with the digitisation of cultural and Whether the mirrored shield or the scythe, these weapons allowed him to defeat Medusa easily. From the blood that spurted from her neck sprang Chrysaor and Pegasus, her two sons by Poseidon. In Greek mythology, Chrysaor ( Greek: Χρυσάωρ Khrusaōr; English translation: "He who has a golden armament " the In Greek mythology, Pegasus ( Greek: Πήγασος, Pégasos, 'strong' was a winged horse that was the son of Poseidon, in his role In Greek mythology, Poseidon ( Greek:; Latin: Neptūnus) was the god of the Sea and as "Earth-Shaker" Other sources say that each drop of blood became a snake. He gave the head, which had the power of turning into stone all who looked upon it, to Athena, who placed it in her shield. According to another account, Perseus buried it in the marketplace of Argos. Argos ( Greek: Ἄργος, Árgos ˈaɾɣos is a city in Greece in the Peloponnese near Nafplio, which was its historic harbor
According to other accounts, either he or Athena used it to freeze Atlas into stone, transforming him into the Atlas Mountains that held up both heaven and earth. In Greek mythology, Atlas (Eng /'æt ləs/ Gk Ἄτλας was the primordial Titan who supported the heavens The Atlas Mountains ( Kabyle: Idurar n leṭles جبال الأطلس) is a Mountain range across a northern stretch of Africa extending about 2400 [4] He also used it against a competing suitor. Ultimately, he used it against King Polydectes, who originally had sent him to kill Medusa in hopes of getting him out of the way, while he pursued Perseus's mother, Danae.
So the story goes, Perseus returns to the court of King Polydectes, who is sitting at his throne with Danae. The king asks if Perseus has the head of Medusa, and he replies "here it is" and holds it aloft, turning the whole court to stone.
Another legend says that Perseus used the shield to make the Gorgons see their own reflections and thus turning them all to stone.
Protective and healing powers
In Ancient Greece a Gorgoneion (or stone head, engraving, or drawing of a Gorgon face, often with snakes protruding wildly and the tongue sticking out between her fangs) frequently was used as an apotropaic symbol [5] and placed on doors, walls, floors, coins, shields, breastplates, and tombstones in the hopes of warding off evil. A Sphinx is a Zoomorphic mythological figure which is depicted as a recumbent lion with a human head A hydria is a type of Greek pottery used for carrying water The hydria has three handles Volci or Vulci is an Etruscan city (in Etruscan Velch or Velx in the Province of Viterbo, north to Rome, central A headstone, tombstone or gravestone is a marker normally carved from stone, placed over or next to the site of a Burial In this regard Gorgoneia are similar to the sometimes grotesque faces on Chinese soldiers’ shields, also used generally as an amulet, a protection against the evil eye. The evil eye is a belief that the Envy elicited by the good Luck of fortunate people may result in their misfortune In some cruder representations, the blood flowing under the head can be mistaken for a beard.
In Greek mythology, blood taken from the right side of a Gorgon could bring the dead back to life, yet blood taken from the left side was an instantly fatal poison. Athena gave a vial of the healing blood to Asclepius, which ultimately brought about his demise. ATHENA was an Antimatter research project that took place at the AD Ring at CERN. Asclepius (pronounced /æsˈkliːpiːəs/, Greek, transliterated Asklēpiós; Latin Aesculapius) is the god of Medicine Heracles is said to have obtained a lock of Medusa’s hair (which possessed the same powers as the head) from Athena and to have given it to Sterope, the daughter of Cepheus, as a protection for the town of Tegea against attack. In Greek mythology, Heracles or Herakles ("glory of Hera " or Tegea was a settlement in ancient Greece and it is also a municipality in modern Arcadia, Greece, with its seat in the village Stadio. According to the later idea of Medusa as a beautiful maiden, whose hair had been changed into snakes by Athena, the head was represented in works of art with a wonderfully handsome face, wrapped in the calm repose of death.
Origins
The concept of the gorgon is at least as old in mythology as Perseus and Zeus. This article is about the Greek sea nymph Thetis should not be confused with Themis, the embodiment of the laws of nature but see the sea-goddess Tethys. The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France The name is Greek, being from "gorgos" translating as terrible. Other scholars find the goddess to have early origins in Ancient Greek religion.
Author Marija Gimbutas (Language of the Goddess) believed she saw the prototype of the Gorgoneion in Neolithic art motifs, especially in anthropomorphic vases and terra cotta masks inlaid with gold. Marija Gimbutas ( Marija Gimbutienė) ( Vilnius, January 23, 1921 – Los Angeles, United States February 2 The Neolithic (from Greek νεολιθικός — neolithikos from νέος neos, "new" + λίθος lithos Terra cotta ( Italian: "baked earth" is a Ceramic. Its uses include vessels water & waste water pipes and surface embellishment in Building construction
The large eyes, as well as Athena's flashing eyes, are a symbol termed "the divine eyes" by Gimbutas (who did not originate the perception), appearing also in Athena's bird, the owl. They can be represented by spirals, wheels, concentric circles, swastikas, firewheels, and other images.
The fangs of the Gorgons are those of snakes and are likely derived from the guardians closely associated with early Greek religious concepts at the centers of oracles. FANG is a Japanese Manga series by Yoshihiro Takahashi. Story Characters;Asikari: (Wolf/ German Shepherd Serpent is a word of Latin origin (from serpens serpentis "something that creeps snake" that is commonly used in a specifically mythic or An oracle is a person or agency considered to be a source of wise counsel or prophetic opinion an Infallible authority usually spiritual in nature
Gorgons in popular culture
During the late sixteenth century or early seventeenth century, the Baroque artist, Caravaggio, painted Medusa as a beautiful woman who was horrified by her own locks that had been converted into serpents, as displayed to the right. In Greek mythology, Medusa ( Greek: Μέδουσα (Médousa "guardian protectress" was a monstrous Chthonic female character gazing upon Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, usually just known as Caravaggio, (28 September 1571 – 18 July 1610 was an Italian Artist active in Rome The Uffizi Gallery (Galleria degli Uffizi one of the oldest and most famous Art Museums in the world is housed in the Palazzo degli Uffizi, a Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany The mythological Monster Medusa and other Gorgons have featured in art and culture from the days of Ancient Greece to the modern day Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, usually just known as Caravaggio, (28 September 1571 – 18 July 1610 was an Italian Artist active in Rome
As with Cyclopes, harpies, and other beasts of Greek mythology, Gorgons have been popularized in modern times by the fantasy genre such as in books, comics, role-playing games, and video games. In Greek mythology and later Roman mythology, a cyclops (ˈsaɪklɒps or kyklops ( Greek) is a member of a primordial race of In Greek mythology, a harpy ("snatcher" from harpȳia ἅρπυια harpūia) was any one of the mainly winged death-spirits best known for constantly
Charles Dickens talks about the 'Gorgon's head' and compares the Gorgon to the Marquis St. Evremonde in Chapters 8-9 of 'A Tale of Two Cities'.
Libba Bray has also included a Gorgon character bound to a boat by the Order, a group of sorceress, in her trilogy; "A Great and Terrible Beauty", "Rebel Angels", and "The Sweet Far Thing"
Medusa the Gorgon appears in the 1981 film "Clash of the Titans". Stop-motion animation by the legendary Ray Harryhausen.
References
- ^ Herodotus 2. Herodotus of Halicarnassus ( Greek: Hēródotos Halikarnāsseús) was a Greek Historian who lived in the 5th century BC ( 484 BC&ndash 53.
- ^ Barbara Graziosi, The Invention of Homer (Cambridge 2002) 98-101.
- ^ Pierre Vidal-Naquet, Le monde d'Homère, Perrin 2000, p19
- ^ Polyeidos, Fragment 837; Ovid, Metamorphoses 4. Polyeidos (ca 400 BCE was an Ancient Greek Dithyrambic poet who was also skillful as a painter; he seems to have been esteemed almost as highly as Timotheus 627
- ^ Garber, Marjorie. The Medusa Reader, 24 February 2003, Introduction, pg. Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. 2, ISBN 0-415-90099-9.
Sources
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
- Additional material has been added from the 1824 Lemprière's Classical Dictionary. John Lemprière (c 1765 Jersey, &ndash February 1, 1824, London) English classical scholar Lexicographer, Theologian The Bibliotheca Classica (Reading November 1788 or Classical Dictionary containing a full Account of all the Proper Names mentioned in Ancient Authors is the best-known work
Dictionary
gorgon
-adjective
- Like a gorgon; very ugly or terrifying.
-noun
- (Greek mythology) Vicious female monsters from Greek mythology with sharp fangs and hair of living, venomous snakes.
- An intimidating, ugly, or disgusting woman.
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