| Gorgan گرگان |
|
  Gorgan
|
|
| Coordinates: | |
|---|---|
| Government | |
| - Governor of Gorgan (the city & the county), (2008) | Jaafar Gorzin |
| Area | |
| - Total | 1,700 km² (656 sq mi) |
| Population (2005) | |
| - Total | 241,177 |
| - Density | 141. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 47/km² (367. 65/sq mi) |
| Time zone | IRST (UTC+3:30) |
Gorgan (Persian: گرگان, Caspian: Vergen) is the capital of the Golestan Province, Iran. Iran Standard Time ( IRST) or Iran Time ( IT) is the Time zone used in Iran. UTC+330 is used in Iran ( Iran Standard Time) Caspian languages are a branch of northwestern Iranian languages spoken in northern Iran, south of the Caspian Sea. Golestān ( گلستان) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. It is approximately 400 km from Tehran. Tehran (or Teheran) ( Persian: تهران Tehrān) is the capital and largest City of Iran, and the administrative center of It had an estimated population of 241,177 in 2005. [1] Some 150km east of Gorgan is the Golestan National Park. The city has a regional airport and several universities. Gorgan International Airport was opened in September 2005. Events in September It is the start of the academic year in many countries in the Northern Hemisphere. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Contents |
Etymology
The city was named Hyrcania, Hyrcani or Hyrcana in ancient Greek records, which comes from Pahlavi Varkâna -- "Land of the Wolfs". Hyrcania was the the name of a Satrapy located in the territories of present day Golestan, Mazandaran, Gilan and part of Turkmenistan "Ancient" redirects here For other uses see Ancient_(disambiguation. The Ancient Greek language is the historical stage in the development of the Hellenic language family spanning the Archaic (c Although modern Gorgan is only a city and county (sharing the same name), ancient Hyrcania was the name of a greater region on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea (encompassing all of the present day Golestan province, as well as some eastern parts of the Mazandaran province, and some southern parts of the present day Republic of Turkmenistan). The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged Sea. Mazandaran is a Caspian Turkmenistan ( Türkmenistan; also known as Turkmenia) is a Turkic country in Central Asia. In modern times and until 1937 the city used to be known as Astarabad. Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Geography and climate
The wide Dasht-e-Gorgan (the Plains of Gorgan) are located north of the city of Gorgan and is geographically bounded by 37°00' - 37°30' north latitude and 54°00' - 54°30' east longitude and covers an area of about 1,700 square kilometres. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of
In general, Golestan has a moderate and humid climate known as "the moderate Caspian climate. " The effective factors behind such a climate are: Alborz mountain range, direction of the mountains, height of the area, neighborhood to the sea, vegetation surface, local winds, altitude and weather fronts. For the Iranian Frigate Alborz see Iranian frigate Alborz. For Alborz High School (in Persianدبیرستان البرز see Alborz High As a result of the above factors, three different climates exist in the region: plain moderate, mountainous, and semi-arid. Gorgan valley has a semi-arid climate. The average annual temperature is 18. 2 degrees Celsius and the annual rainfall is 556 mm.
History
The name "Hyrcania" is the ancient Greek record of the local name in Old Persian name Varkâna. Hyrcania was the the name of a Satrapy located in the territories of present day Golestan, Mazandaran, Gilan and part of Turkmenistan The Ancient Greek language is the historical stage in the development of the Hellenic language family spanning the Archaic (c At the time of Sasanids Gorgan appeared as the name of a city, province capital, and a province[1].
Hyrcania became part of the persian empire during the reign of Cyrus the Great (559-530 BC) - the first emperor the first persian empire dynasty - or Cambyses (530-522 BC). Events and trends Carthage conquers Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica. Events and trends 539 BC — Babylon is conquered by Cyrus, defeating Nabonidus; noted in such documents as that of Africanus Events and trends 539 BC — Babylon is conquered by Cyrus, defeating Nabonidus; noted in such documents as that of Africanus Events 529 BC — Cambyses II started to rule He is son of Cyrus II. It was conquered by Arabs in 8th century and by Mongols in 13th century. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding
Culture
Handicrafts
Gorgan (and in general, Golestan province), has a world famous carpet and rug industry, made by Turkmans. The patterns of these carpets are derived from the ancient Persian city of Boxârâ (Bukhara)which is now located in the Central Asian Republic of Tajikestan. Bukhara (Buxoro Бухоро بُخارا Бухара also spelled as Bukhoro and Bokhara, from the Soghdian βuxārak ("lucky Jajim carpets are also crafted in this province.
Notables from Gorgan
Contemporary figures
- Mohammad Reza Lotfi, Musician. Mohammad-Rezā Lotfi ( born 1947 in Gorgan, Iran) is a Persian classical musician renowned for his mastery of the tar and Setar
- Hojjatollah Shakiba, Artist (painter).
- Ramezan Ali Rashidi or Dr. Ali Rashidi, (b. 1935) Economist, University Professor.
- Hossein Ali Heravi, (1918-1993), Hafezologist, Writer.
- Mahmood Akhavan-Mahdavi, Expert on Repairing Persian Manuscripts; Writer & Researcher on Gorgan Contemperary History,
- Mohammad Mohammadi or Dr. Mohammad Mohammadi ( born September 20, 1977 in Tehran, Iran) is an Iranian football goalkeeper who plays Mohammad Mohammadi Gorgani, Human Rights Activist, Former Majles MP from Gorgan, University Professor.
- Mohammad Hossein Kabir or Hossein Kabir, (b. 1957) Human Rights, Political & Social Activist, Orator, Journalist, High School Teacher.
- Maryam Zandi, Photographer. Maryam Zandi (born 1947 in Gorgan) is an Iranian photographer.
- Ali Reza Sookhtehsaraey, World Wrestling Champion.
- Abdonnasser Mohaimeni, (b. Mohaimeni (or Mohaimani Abdonnasser ( was born in Gorgan (Jorjan in Arabic North Iran, on 27 February 1957. 1957) Journalist, Translator & Teacher of English Language.
- Rahmatollah Rajaee, writer, researcher and teacher of culture & history.
- Assadollah Maatoofi, (b. 1957) writer, researcher and teacher of culture & history.
Historical figures
- Fakhreddin Asaad Gorgani, or Fakhraddin Gorgani, poet & composer of great romance, Vis and Ramin.
- Gorgani, Zayn al-Din Isma‘il ibn, royal physician
- Gorgani, Abu Saeed, astronomer and mathematician
- Gorgani, Rustam, physician
- Masihi Gorgani, Avicenna's master
- Abd-al-Qaher Jorjani, Grammarian and literary theorist. Zayn al-Din Sayyed Isma‘il ibn al-Husayn al-Jorjani, also spelled al-Jurjani and Gorgani, was a 12th century royal Islamic physician from Gorgan Abu Sa'id al-Darir al-Jurajani (ar أبو سعيد الضرير الجرجاني also spelled Gorgani, was a 9th century Persian Mathematician and Astronomer Rustam Jurjani was a mid-16th century Persian physician who lived in India. Abu Sahl Isa ibn Yahya al-Masihi al-Jurjani (ابو سهل عيسى بن يحيى المسيحي الگرگاني was a Christian physician from Gorgan, east of the Caspian
- Abu Solayk Gorgani, Poet.
- Fazlallah Astarabadi, founder of Hurufism
- Mirza Mehdi Khan Astarabadi, Nader Shah's Chief Minister
- Mir Damad
- Abolqassem Fendereski, or better khnown as Mirfendereski
- Other people from Gorgan . Fażlu l-Lāh Astar-Ābādī (Naimi ( also known as Fażlullāh Tabrīzī Astarābādī by a Pseudonym al-Hurūfī mystic who founded the Ḥurūfī Hurufism ( حروفية hurufiyya, adjective form hurufi) was a mystical kabbalistic Sufi doctrine which spread in areas of western Persia, Mirza Mehdi Khan Esterabadi "Etemad-ed-Dowleh" "Monshi-Ol-Mamalek" (born and died in the 18th century was the chief secretary historian biographer Advisor Mir Damad (ميرداماد (d 1631 or 1632 known also as Mir Mohammad Baqer Esterabadi or Asterabadi was a Iranian philosopher in the Neoplatonizing Islamic Peripatetic Notables from Gorgan Contemporary prominent figures Mohammad Reza Lotfi, Musician . .
Attractions
Historical Attractions
- Gorgân's Defense Wall (155 km long and 6 to 10 m wide) is one of the most outstanding and gigantic architectural monuments in Dashte Gorgan and Gonbad Steppes (Gorgan Plain) history. The Great Wall of Gorgan, also called the Gorgan Defense Wall Anushirvân Barrier Firuz Barrier and Qazal Al'an and sometimes Sadd-i-Iskandar, ( Persian for dam This wall, which is the largest defensive wall in the world after the Great Wall of China [2], starts from the Caspian coast, circles north of Gonbade Kavous, continues towards the northwest, and vanishes behind the Pishkamar Mountains. Gonbad-e Qābus (گنبدقابوس or Gonbad-e Kāvus (گنبدكاووس (also transcribed Gonbad-e Ghābus or Gonbad-i Ghāboos) is a city in A logistical archaeological survey was conducted regarding the wall in 1999 due to problems in development projects, especially during construction of the Golestan Dam, which irrigates all the areas covered by the wall. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Irrigation is an artificial application of water to the soil usually for assisting in growing crops At the point of the connection of the wall and the drainage canal from the dam, architects discovered the remains of the above wall. Canals are artificial channels for water There are two types of canals water conveyance canals which are used for the conveyance and delivery of water and Waterways At parts, this wall is 6 m wide and in other parts the width is 10 m, which proves that the thickness of the wall differs in various regions, according to the natural features and soil configuration. Castles have been built at different distances. The longest distance between castles is 50 km and the shortest is 10 km. The 40 identified castles vary in dimension and shape but the majority are square fortresses. Due to many difficulties in development and agricultural projects, archaeologists have been assigned to mark the boundary of the historical find by laying cement blocks. The Gorgan Wall has been named Alexander Dam, Anushirvân Dam, Firuz Dam and Qazal Al'an in various historical texts. Dr. Kiani who led the archaeological team in 1971 believed that the wall was built during the Parthian dynasty simultaneously with the construction of the Great Wall of China and it was restored during the Sassanid era (3-7th c. Parthia ( Middle Persian: اشکانیان Ashkâniân) was an Iranian civilization situated in the northeastern part of modern Iran The Great Wall of China ( or ( is a series of stone and earthen Fortifications in China, built rebuilt and maintained between the 6th century BC and the 16th The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Dynasty or Sassanian Dynasty (ساسانیان) is the name used for the third Iranian dynasty and the second Persian empire A. D. ). In 2005 a team excavated samples of charcoal from the many brick kilns along the wall, and samples from the Gorgan Wall and the smaller Wall of Tammishe; OSL and radiocarbon dating indicated a date for both walls in the late 5th or 6th century CE. [3]
- Gorgan has many traditional buildings, with tiled sloping roofs and wooden balconies such as Emarat-e-Agha Mohammad Khani and the Friday Mosque which dates back to the Seljuk era. The Seljuq (also Seljuq Turks, Seldjuks, Seldjuqs, Seljuks; in Turkish Selçuklular; in Ṣaljūqīyān; in
Natural Attractions
- Ashooradeh Island
- Deraznou mountain top
- Golestan National Park
- Nahar-Khoran forests
- Ziarat hot spring
- Tooskestan
- Jahan-Nama mountain top area
Colleges and universities
- Islamic Azad University of Gorgan
- Golestan University of Medical Sciences [2]
- Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources
- Mirdamad Institute of Higher Education
- Lamei Gorgani Institue of higher Education
Governors General (Ostandars) of the Golestan Province
- Yahya Mahmoodzadeh is the current, (April 2008), governor general of Golestan province. Islamic Azad University of Gorgan (also known as Azad University of Gorgan) is a campus of Islamic Azad University system in Iran. Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, a He has been in office since April 2007 to present, i. e. April 2008.
Previous governors general
Other governors general of the province prior to Mr Y. Mahmoodzadeh, and since the foundation of the province (Feb. 1998), and in the order of taking office, have been as follows:
- 1- Seyyed Ebrahim Derazgissoo.
- 2- Ali Asghar Ahmadi.
- 3- Hadi Pazhoohesh-Jahromi (Acting Governor General for 5 months).
- 4- Mohammad Hashem Mohaymeni (or Mohaimeni). Mohammad Hashem Mohaimeni (or Mohaymeni (born 1955 in Gorgan, Iran) was appointed the third governor general of Golestan Province Iran in May 2002
- 5- Ali Mohammad Shaeri.
- 6- Reza Anjom-Shoaa (Acting Governor General for 4 months).
References
- ^ Bivar, A. D. H. "Gorgan" Encyclopaedia Iranica [www. Encyclopædia Iranica is a project whose goal is to create a comprehensive and authoritative English language Encyclopedia about the history culture and iranica. com online]
- ^ The Enigma of the Red Snake. Hamid Omrani Rekavandi (ICHTO), Eberhard Sauer (University of Edinburgh), Tony Wilkinson (University of Durham) and Jebrael Nokandeh (ICHTO & University of Berlin). Current Archaeology 2008. http://www.archaeology.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1555&Itemid=27
- ^ The Enigma of the Red Snake. Hamid Omrani Rekavandi (ICHTO), Eberhard Sauer (University of Edinburgh), Tony Wilkinson (University of Durham) and Jebrael Nokandeh (ICHTO & University of Berlin). Current Archaeology 2008. http://www.archaeology.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1555&Itemid=27
External links
- Gorgan in German Wikipedia
- Gorgan Homepage by Tirdad Gorgani
- A Gorgani folk-song sung by Shusha Guppy in the 1970s: Lullaby. Shushā (Shamsi Guppy ( Persian: شوشا (شمسی گوپی née Shamsi Assār (شمسی عصار ( December 24, 1935, Tehran
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic