| Gorani Hewrami, Howrami, Hawramani, Awromani, Gurani, Gorani |
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|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Iraq and Iran | |
| Region: | Hawraman | |
| Total speakers: | About 500,000 in Iran and Iraq, unknown numbers elsewhere | |
| Language family: | Indo-European Indo-Iranian Iranian Western Northwestern Zaza-Gorani Gorani |
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| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | ira | |
| ISO 639-3: | – | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Hawrāmān (also Húrāmān (ههورامان or Hewraman is a mountainous region located in western Iran or Eastern Kurdistan, which includes the cities of List of language familiesA language family is a group of Languages related by descent from a common ancestor called the Proto-language of that family The Indo-Iranian language group constitutes the easternmost extant branch of the Indo-European family of languages The Iranian languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family and its subfamily Indo-Iranian. Zaza-Gorani is a subgroup of the Northwestern Iranian languages. ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages ISO 639 -3 (ISO 639-32007 is an international standard for Language codes The standard describes three‐letter codes for identifying languages In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's | ||
- For other uses see Gorani.
Gorani (also Gurani and Huramani) is a Kurdish language or a Kurdish dialect spoken in western Iran. The Kurdish language (Kurdish Kurdî or کوردی is a term used for the language spoken by Kurds. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. It is a member of Zaza-Gorani branch of North-Western Iranian languages. Zaza-Gorani is a subgroup of the Northwestern Iranian languages. [1] It is distinct from Kurmanji and Sorani. [2] and is closer to Gilaki. Gilaki can refer to Gilaki language Gilaki people Gorani is spoken in the province of Kurdistan and province of Kermanshah in Iran, and in the Halabja region in Iraqi Kurdistan and the Hewraman mountains between Iran and Iraq. Kordestan ( Persian: استان کردستان UniPers: Ostâne Kordestân; Kurdish: پارێزگه ی کوردستان Parêzgeha Kermanshah Province ( Kermānshāh; Kurdish: کرماشان Kirmaşan is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. Halabja ( Kurdish: ههڵهبجه or Helepçe) is a Kurdish town in a majority Kurdish area of Iraq about northeast of Iraqi Kurdistan Region ( Kurdish: هه رێمى كوردستان Herêmi Kurdistan, Arabic:إقليم كردستان العراق, Iqlĩm Kurdistãn Hawrāmān (also Húrāmān (ههورامان or Hewraman is a mountainous region located in western Iran or Eastern Kurdistan, which includes the cities of For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. Encyclopedia Britannica considers Gorani to be a branch of Kurdish [1]. The Encyclopædia Britannica is a general English-language encyclopaedia published by Encyclopædia Britannica Inc The Kurdish language (Kurdish Kurdî or کوردی is a term used for the language spoken by Kurds. While some scholars may reject the classification of Gorani as belonging to the Kurdish branch of Iranian languages, it is said that a large number of people who speak Gorani identify as Kurds. [3][4]
The oldest literary documents in these related languages, or dialects, are written in Gorani. Hewrami, considered a sub-dialect of Gorani, is a very distinct dialect spoken by Kurds in a region called Hewraman along the Iran-Iraq border. Many Gorani speakers belong to the religious grouping Yarsanism, with a large number of religious documents written in Gorani. The Ahl-e Haqq or Yârsân ( Kurdish: ﯼاڔﮦساﻥ Yâresân اهل حق Ahl-e Haqq "People of Truth" are members of a religion founded
Since the nineteenth century, Gorani has slowly been replaced by Sorani in several cities, both in Iran and Iraq. Soranî ( Kurdish: سۆرانی is the name of a Kurdish dialect that is spoken in Iran and Iraq and such is a member of the Iranian languages For large populations of Kurds, Sorani has replaced Gorani in cities such as Kirkuk, Meriwan and Halabja, which are still considered part of the greater Goran region. Kirkuk (also spelled Karkuk or Kerkuk; Kurdish: كهركووك Kerkûk; Arabic: كركوك Turkish:Kerkük; Marivan (in Kurdish: مریوان in Persian: مریوان is a city in west of Kurdistan Province of Iran. Halabja ( Kurdish: ههڵهبجه or Helepçe) is a Kurdish town in a majority Kurdish area of Iraq about northeast of
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Literature
Under the independent rulers of Ardalan (9th-14th / 14th-19th cent. ), with their capital latterly at Sanandaj, Gorani became the vehicle of a considerable corpus of poetry. Gorani was and remains the first language of the scriptures of the Ahl-e Haqq sect, or Yarsanism, centered around Gahvara. The Ahl-e Haqq or Yârsân ( Kurdish: ﯼاڔﮦساﻥ Yâresân اهل حق Ahl-e Haqq "People of Truth" are members of a religion founded Prose works, in contrast, are hardly known. The structure of Gorani verse is very simple and monotonous. It consists almost entirely of stanzas of two rhyming half-verses of ten syllables each, with no regard to the quantity of syllables.
Some Gorani literature works:
- Shîrîn u Xusrew by Khana Qubadi (lived 1700-1759), published 1975 in Bagdad. Khana Qubadi or ( Xana Qubadî in Kurdish) (1700-1759 was a Kurdish poet
- Diwan des Feqe Qadiri Hemewend, 19th century
- The Koran in Gorani, translated in the 20th Century by Haci Nuri Eli Ilahi (Nuri Eli Shah).
Hewrami
Hewrami or Hawrami refers to specific variation or dialect of Gorani and is regarded as the most archaic of the Gorani group. [5] It is classified as an Iranian language by Ethnologue. It is mostly spoken in Hewraman (also Hawraman or Huraman) in western Iran (Eastern Kurdistan) and northeastern Iraq (Southern Kurdistan). Hawrāmān (also Húrāmān (ههورامان or Hewraman is a mountainous region located in western Iran or Eastern Kurdistan, which includes the cities of Hawrāmān (also Húrāmān (ههورامان or Hewraman is a mountainous region located in western Iran or Eastern Kurdistan, which includes the cities of Hawrāmān (also Húrāmān (ههورامان or Hewraman is a mountainous region located in western Iran or Eastern Kurdistan, which includes the cities of For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Iranian Kurdistan ( Kurdish: کوردستانی ئران Kurdistanî Iran) or Kurdistana Rojhilat (Eastern Kurdistan or Rojhilatê For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. Iraqi Kurdistan Region ( Kurdish: هه رێمى كوردستان Herêmi Kurdistan, Arabic:إقليم كردستان العراق, Iqlĩm Kurdistãn The key cities of this region are Pawe in Iran and Halabja in Iraq. Halabja ( Kurdish: ههڵهبجه or Helepçe) is a Kurdish town in a majority Kurdish area of Iraq about northeast of Hewrami is sometimes called Auramani or Hurami by people foreign to the region.
Generally, the majority of Hewrami-speakers can also speak Sorani and Persian in order to communicate with other people in neighboring cities. Soranî ( Kurdish: سۆرانی is the name of a Kurdish dialect that is spoken in Iran and Iraq and such is a member of the Iranian languages
Sources
- ^ J N Postgate, Languages of Iraq, ancient and modern, British School of Archaeology in Iraq, [Iraq] : British School of Archaeology in Iraq, 2007, p. 138.
- ^ J N Postgate, Languages of Iraq, ancient and modern, British School of Archaeology in Iraq, [Iraq] : British School of Archaeology in Iraq, 2007, p. 138.
- ^ Zazakî Kirmanckî Dimilkî Kirdkî Zazaca Zazaki Kirmancki Zaza Zazaish Zazaisch Kurdkî Zazalar
- ^ hawraman
- ^ Encyclopaedia Iranica - Alphabetical
External links
- "Gurani" in Encyclopedia Iranica by D. N. Mackenzie
- Ethnologue's Report for Hewrami
- The History of Kurdish Language by the Kurdish Academy of Language (KAL)
- Gorani Influence on Central Kurdish: Substratum or Prestige Borrowing? by Michiel Leezenberg, University of Amsterdam
See also
The Kurdish language (Kurdish Kurdî or کوردی is a term used for the language spoken by Kurds. Avestan is an Eastern Old Iranian language that was used to compose the sacred hymns and canon of the Zoroastrian Avesta. For the dialect sometimes called Southern Kurmanji Dialect see: Sorani Kurmanji: ( Kurdish: Kurmancî called Bahdînî The Kurdish language (Kurdish Kurdî or کوردی is a term used for the language spoken by Kurds. The Iranian languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family and its subfamily Indo-Iranian.Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic