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Gorol men's choir from Jablunkov (Jabłonków) during the parade at the beginning of the Jubileuszowy Festiwal PZKO 2007 in Karviná (Karwina).
Gorol men's choir from Jablunkov (Jabłonków) during the parade at the beginning of the Jubileuszowy Festiwal PZKO 2007 in Karviná (Karwina). Jablunkov ( pronounced; Polish:, Jablunkau is a town in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic Polski Związek Kulturalno-Oświatowy (commonly known as PZKO) (Polský kulturně-osvětový svaz (meaning "Polish Cultural and Educational Union" is a Polish Karviná ( pronounced, Polish:, Karwin is a city in Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic, on the Olza River.
Traditional Gorol drzewiónka (wooden house) in Silesian Beskids, Poland.
Traditional Gorol drzewiónka (wooden house) in Silesian Beskids, Poland. Silesian Beskids ( Polish:, Czech:, Schlesischen Beskiden is one of the Beskids Mountain ranges in Outer Western Carpathians
Young gorals of Żywiec (pl: górale żywieccy) during performance at 43rd Week of Beskid Region Culture in Żywiec.
Young gorals of Żywiec (pl: górale żywieccy) during performance at 43rd Week of Beskid Region Culture in Żywiec. Żywiec (Saybusch Saubusch is a Town in south-central Poland with 32078 inhabitants (2006
Goral of Podhale - member of Trebunie-Tutki folk band from Zakopane.
Goral of Podhale - member of Trebunie-Tutki folk band from Zakopane. Zakopane is a town in southern Poland with some 28000 inhabitants (2004 situated in Lesser Poland Province since 1999 (in 1975–98 it was part of Nowy

The Gorale (Polish: Górale; Slovak: Gorali; Cieszyn Silesian: Gorole; literally "highlanders") are a group of indigenous people found along southern Poland, northern Slovakia, and in the region of Cieszyn Silesia in the Czech Republic. Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. The Slovak language ( slovenčina, slovenský jazyk, not to be confused with Slovenščina) sometimes referred to as "Slovakian" Cieszyn Silesian dialect (gwara cieszyńska or dialekt cieszyński; těšínské nářečí locals using this dialect say they speak "po naszymu" is one of the The term Indigenous Peoples or autochthonous peoples can be used to describe any Ethnic group who inhabit a geographic region with which they have the earliest historical Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, There is also a significant Goral diaspora in the area of Bukovina in what is today Western Ukraine and northern Romania, as well as Chicago, the seat of the Polish Highlanders Alliance of North America. Bukovina (Bucovina Буковина/ Bukovyna; German and Polish: Bukowina; see also other languages) is a historical region on the Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The Polish Highlanders Alliance of America ( pl Związek Podhalan w Ameryce Północnej) was founded in 1929 in Chicago as an organization that unites all

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In Poland they live in the region of Podhale of the Tatra Mountains and parts of the Beskids (Cieszyn Silesia, Silesian Beskids, Żywiec Beskids). Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The Podhale (literally "Mountain meadows" is Poland 's most southern region sometimes referred to as the "Polish highlands" Panorama tatierjpg|thumb|right|300px|Panorama of Tatras]]The Tatra Mountains, Tatras or Tatra ( Tatry in both Polish and Slovak) The Beskids (Beskidy Beskydy Beskydy Rusyn: Бескиды Бескиди is a traditional name for a series of Mountain ranges in the northeastern Czech Silesian Beskids ( Polish:, Czech:, Schlesischen Beskiden is one of the Beskids Mountain ranges in Outer Western Carpathians The Żywiec Beskids (Beskid Żywiecki is a Mountain range in the Outer Eastern Carpathians in southern Poland. In present-day Slovakia they live in 4 separate groups: in northern Spiš (34 villages subdivided in two groups), Orava and Kysuce (2 villages) and smaller groups in 7 other enclave villages in northern Slovakia. Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million Spiš (- Slovak; Latin: Scepusium, Zips Szepesség Spisz is a region in north-eastern Slovakia, with a very small area in south-eastern Kysuce is a traditional informal name of a region in north-western Slovakia, situated around the Kysuca river and bordering the Orava region in the

Origin and language, dialect

Main article: Podhale dialect

There are several hypotheses about their origin, but they are usually considered descendants of Vlachs, who settled this area of the Carpathian Mountains between the 14th to 17th centuries. The Podhale dialect (gwara podhalańska refers to the language spoken by the Gorals, or the highlanders living in the Tatra Mountains. Vlachs is a blanket term covering several modern Latin peoples descending from the Latinised population in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians (Carpaţi Czech, Polish and Slovak: Karpaty; Ukrainian: Карпати Analyses of skulls conducted by Polish anthropologists in the 1960s have indicated that they are mostly of Balkan origin.

Their (quite different) dialects are characterized as Proto-Slavic from the Eastern Lechitic, Old Polish area, superimposed by Slovak. Proto-Slavic is the Proto-language from which Slavic languages later emerged Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. The Slovak language ( slovenčina, slovenský jazyk, not to be confused with Slovenščina) sometimes referred to as "Slovakian" In other words, the language is of Polish origin, but has been influenced by Slovak in recent centuries. The language contains Polish words, specific words, Vlach respectively words, Slovak words and words that are peculiar to the Carpathian language area (Carpathisms). Moreover, typical Goral words such as those for mountain/hill such as magura or for fireplace such as vatra which are of Illyrian and Daco-Romanian origin, and which are in used to this day in both Albanian and Romanian languages, became now part of the Polish toponomy in the Highlands inhabited by Gorals. A mountain is a Landform that extends above the surrounding Terrain in a limited area with a peak The Illyrian languages are a group of Indo-European languages that were spoken in the western part of the Balkans in former times by groups identified as See also Origin of Romanians Daco-Romanian continuity Albanian (sq ''Gjuha shqipe'' ˈɟuha ˈʃcipɛ is an Indo-European language spoken by nearly 6 million peoplewhile others claim that it derives from Daco - Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance Toponymy refers to the scientific study of place-names ( toponyms) their origins meanings use and Typology. The term highland is used to denote any Mountainous region or elevated mountainous Plateau.

National identity

For most Gorals today, the decisive factor in their self-identification with a nationality is not ethnic but territorial. For example, those living in areas under a long tradition of belonging to the Polish state identify themselves as Polish, while those living in Slovakia have identified themselves as Slovaks, with notable exceptions to this rule on both sides of the border. While the origin of the Goral dialect is Polish, [1] the language of Gorals in Slovakia and in the Czech Republic is gradually shifting and increasingly becoming more similar to the literary standard in their respective countries. Gorals of the Czech Republic identify themselves on the nationality level as Poles and are members of the Polish minority in Zaolzie, which is proved by their communal activity - annual Gorolski Święto festival held in Jablunkov (Jabłonków) is a showcase of a local Polish Gorol traditions and is organized by the PZKO (Polish Cultural and Educational Union). The Polish minority in the Czech Republic (Polska mniejszość narodowa/narodowościowa w Republice Czeskiej Polská národní/národnostní menšina v České republice is a Polish Gorolski Święto (literally Highlander's Festival) is an annual international cultural and folklore festival held in Jablunkov (Polish Jabłonków Jablunkov ( pronounced; Polish:, Jablunkau is a town in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic Polski Związek Kulturalno-Oświatowy (commonly known as PZKO) (Polský kulturně-osvětový svaz (meaning "Polish Cultural and Educational Union" is a Polish This Gorol festival preserves traditions of Polish nationality group in Zaolzie. [2] It is the largest cultural and folklore festival in Zaolzie area gathering thousands of spectators each day of festivities. (Zaolší (Zaolží Zaolzie Śląsk zaolziański literally Trans- Olza River Silesia, Olsa-Gebiet is an area in the present-day Czech Republic, which was

However, in none of the towns and villages of the area the Poles form majority and some local Gorals identify themselves on the nationality level as Czechs. The Polish minority in the Czech Republic (Polska mniejszość narodowa/narodowościowa w Republice Czeskiej Polská národní/národnostní menšina v České republice is a Polish In this respect the village of Hrčava (the second easternmost village in the Czech Republic), with vast majority of citizens declaring Czech nationality, can be mentioned. ( Polish:, Hertschawa is a Village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. In this village the Poles form only a 2% minority. [3]

Local Gorals formed (as indigenous people) a majority in the past. They speak regional dialect in everyday communication. Cieszyn Silesian dialect (gwara cieszyńska or dialekt cieszyński; těšínské nářečí locals using this dialect say they speak "po naszymu" is one of the

Historically, the issue of their ethnic identity has been controversial and resulted in claims and counterclaims by both Poland and Czechoslovakia. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Gorals, like many other peasant communities in Eastern Europe, determined their own ethnic identities within the nation state system during the 19th and early 20th century [4]. Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. Although nationalist propaganda was generated by both Poles and Slovaks, this process of the Gorals' identification with a nationality was still not complete when the border was finalized in 1924. Propaganda is a concerted set of messages aimed at influencing the opinions or behaviors of large numbers of people Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A notable example were Ferdynand Machay, a priest born in Jabłonka Orava, Piotr Borowy from Rabča Orava and Wojciech Halczyn from Lendak Spiš, who went to the Paris Peace Conference, 1919 and, during a personal audience, lobbied president Thomas Woodrow Wilson to sign these lands over to Poland. A priest or priestess is a person having the authority or power to administer religious rites in particular rites of sacrifice to and propitiation of a deity or deities Rabča is a large Village and Municipality in Námestovo District in the Žilina Region of northern Slovakia. Lendak (Lándok Landeck is a Village and Municipality in Kežmarok District in the Prešov Region of north Slovakia. Spiš (- Slovak; Latin: Scepusium, Zips Szepesség Spisz is a region in north-eastern Slovakia, with a very small area in south-eastern Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28 1856—February 3 1924 was the twenty-eighth President of the United States. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland After the world wars, some of the Gorals who had opted for a different national identity to the state they found themselves in emigrated to their chosen side of the border. On the other hand, in the present day, some Gorals opt for the ethnic identity of the neighbouring state, rather than the one they live in.

Gorals in a wider sense

In a wider sense Gorals refers to an ethnographic (or even ethnic) group comprising certain mountainards in northern Carpathians, more precisely these ethnic groups:

Famous gorals

See also

External links

References

  1. ^ For a better idea of the issue see either Kevin Hannan's work Borders of Language and Identity in Teschen Silesia or works by the Slovak linguist Katarína Kriššákova. Goralenvolk - was Germanization action of Gorals started in Occupied Poland. The Polish Highlanders Alliance of America ( pl Związek Podhalan w Ameryce Północnej) was founded in 1929 in Chicago as an organization that unites all The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Ludźmierz in Ludźmierz, Poland is home to Our Lady of Ludźmierz known as the Shepherdess of Podhale or in Polish Gaździna Kevin J Hannan ( January 22, 1954 in La Marque Texas, United States - January 5, 2008 in Sanok, Poland
  2. ^ History of Gorolski Święto for foreign visitors
  3. ^ Czech Statistical Office (2001 census)
  4. ^ Hannan, Kevin (1996). Borders of Language and Identity in Teschen Silesia. New York: Peter Lang. ISBN 0-8204-3365-9

Dictionary

gorals

-noun

  1. Plural form of goral.
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