Goražde - Citizendia

Coordinates: 43°40′N 18°59′E / 43.667, 18.983
Goražde Goražde
Location of Goražde within Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Goražde Location of Goražde
Country	Bosnia and Herzegovina
Canton	Bosnian Podrinje Canton
Government
- Municipality president	Mustafa Kurtović (SDA)
Area
- Total	252 km² (97. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan Geography It is located in the eastern central part of the country in the region of Podrinje. The Party of Democratic Action ( Bosnian: Stranka Demokratske Akcije) is a Bosniak national Political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 3 sq mi)
Population (1999)
- Total	36,496
- Density	144. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 8/km² (375/sq mi)
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
- Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Area code(s)	+387 38
Website: http://www.gorazde.ba

Goražde is a city and municipality in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina on the Drina river. Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time Daylight saving time ( DST Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan The Drina ( Serbian and Bosnian: Дрина or Drina) is a river in the Balkan Peninsula. It is located between Foča, Sokolac and Višegrad, and is administratively part of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the center of the Bosnian Podrinje Canton. Foča ( Cyrillic: Фоча is a town and municipality in southeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina on the Drina river in the Foča Region region Sokolac ( Cyrillic: Соколац is a town and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the Republika Srpska entity Višegrad ( Cyrillic: Вишеград is a town and municipality in Republika Srpska, the eastern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine Федерација Босне и Херцеговине) is one of the two political Geography It is located in the eastern central part of the country in the region of Podrinje.

1 Location
2 Population/Demographics
3 Environment
- 3.1 Natural environment
- 3.2 Built environment
4 History
5 External links

Location

Goražde is situated on the banks of the River Drina in South East Bosnia (see maps). The city lies at the foot of the eastern slope of mountain Jahorina at a height of 345m above sea level. The settlement is situated on the aluvial terrace in a broad valley, formed by the erosion of the River Drina. The valley is bordered on the South-Last by Biserna (701 m), on the South by Samari (696 m), on the South-West by Misjak (618 m), on the West by Gubavica (410 m) and on the North by Povrsnica (420 m).

The River Drina flows between these and some other hills and thus with its valley gives Gorazde good communications. The valley of the Drina is the principal traffic artery in the south-eastern region of Bosnia. Since old times it has been part of the important route going from the sea inland, (Dubrovnik - Trebinje - Gacko - Foca - the Drina valley). This route was particularly significant in Roman times and in the Middle Ages when it was used by Dubrovnik people travelling to these parts of Bosnia and further on to Serbia. (The Dubrovnik Road). At Gorazde this road meets another coming from Sarajevo and central Bosnia via the Jabuka Mountain pass down to the Drina valley and preceding on to Plevlje. Gorazde in Bosnia and Herzegovina was industrial city renked 1 by year 1990.

Population/Demographics

Year	Serb	%	Muslims	%	Croats	%	Yugoslavs	%	Others	%	Total
Ethnic Composition
1961	9,569	30. 57%	19,305	61. 67%	314	1. 00%	1,501	4. 80%	614	1. 96%	31,303
1971	9. 293	26. 79%	24,544	70. 76%	179	0. 51%	168	0. 48%	501	1. 46%	34,685
1981	9,107	24. 66%	25,142	68. 09%	99	0. 27%	2,017	5. 46%	559	1. 51%	36,924
1991	9,844	26. 25%	26,316	70. 17%	83	0. 22%	776	2. 07%	486	1. 30%	37,505
2005	?	?%	?	91%	?	?%	?	?	?	?%	?

In 2005, 91% of population of the municipality were ethnic Bosniaks.

The city of Goražde itself had 18,755* (total anglomeration 27,386) residents in 1991:

11,743 Bosniaks
5,888 Serbs
65 Croats
672 Yugoslavs
384 others. The Bosniaks or Bosniacs (Bošnjak pl Bošnjaci bɔ'ʃɲaːt͡si are a South Slavic people living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina ("Bosnia" Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, Croats (Hrvati are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries Yugoslavs ( Bosnian: Jugosloveni/Jugoslaveni; Macedonian and Serbian: Југословени Jugosloveni; Croatian

Environment

Natural environment

The surrounding region of Gorazde is composed of Paleozoic slate, sandstone, carbon and perm. The hills are for the most part rounded and with gentle slopes. The higher ones are composed of limestone. Gorazde with its surroundings has mainly equable and fresh mountainous climate. The average annual temperature of the air is 10. 8 C and the rainfall is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year. The town is supplied with water from six springs. One part of the inhabitants gets drinking water from ordinary wells. The construction of a water supply system began in 1962. from the spring in Cajnice, 16. 5 km (10. 3 mi) from Gorazde.

The River Drina has great significance for the founding and the development of Gorazde. The greatest floods recorded since the 18th century occurred in 1677, 1731, 1737 and in 1896.

Built environment

The main characteristic of the layout and the type of town is its elongated shape along the Ustipraca-Foca road. Form 1465 till 1878 Gorazde was part of the Turkish Empire. In the 18th and 19th centuries Gorazde was inhabited by Muslim and Orthodox communities. Up to World War II there existed two separate parts: Muslim and Orthodox. Today this division is disappearing. After World War II the town began to expand and be modernized, New streets have been built, public and residential buildings have been built in the centre and in the outskirts as well. From 1945 to 1961, 1130 council flats and 680 private homes have been built. In 1961 there were 616 buildings altogether in the town.

History

Medieval period

With Gornje Podrinje Gorazde was part of the old Serbian State up to 1376, when it was attached to the Bosnian State under the reign of King Tvrtko. After Tvrtko's death the town was ruled by the Hum Dukes among whom the best known was Herzog Stjepan.

In 1379 Gorazde was first mentioned as a trading settlement and in 1444 as a fortress. The origin of the town's name seems to have come from the Slavonic word "gorazd"

The Gorazde market became well known in 1415 when merchants from Dubrovnik had intensive commercial relations with it.

Turkish rule

The Turks took Gorazde over definitively in 1465 and the place assumed oriental features. In 1477 there were four mahals in town. From 1550-1557 Mustafa Sokolovic built a stone bridge across the Drina and a caravanserai.

During the Turkish rule Gorazde was a significant trading centre, being at the crossroads of the two important roads: the Bosnian and the Dubrovnik. The gross state income from land amounted in 1477 to 24,256 akchi. In 1711 Gorazde was mentioned as the Turkish zoimat of 26,000 akchi.

Two mosques built by the Sijercic begs date back to the 18th century. Near Gorazde there is an Orthodox church, built in 1446 by Herzog Stjepan. A printing press, attached to the church, worked there from 1521 till 1531. This was the first printing press to be established in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the second in the Balkans.

Photo: One of the first documents ever printed in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in year 1521. Printing begun with materials used in Sopotnica church.

The decline of Gorazde in the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century is attributed among other things to the plague. Up to the middle of the 19th century Gorazde was part of the Herzegovinian Sandzak, when it became part of the Sarajevo Sandzak

The period of the Austro-Hungarian occupation was marked by the decline of Gorazde, although there was at the same time a certain ascent. Due to its geographical position on the border Gorazde was during World War I one of the main strongholds of Austro-Hungaria used against Serbia and Montenegro.

Yugoslavia

In pre-war Yugoslavia Gorazde, being no more a frontier town, had normal conditions under which to develop and prosper.

In 1941 German troops entered the town after an air-raid on April 17. Later on Italian troops were also stationed there.

The National Liberation Army took over the town for the first time on January 27, 1942, and remained there until May of the same year. During this period National Liberation Committees were formed for the town the district of Gorazde on the basis of the Foca Stipulations. At the same time Gorazde was the headquarters of the National Liberation Army for East Bosnia. Early in March, 1942 the Commander-in-Chief, Marshal Tito stayed in Gorazde. Gorazde was liberated twice more, in 1943 and 1944, and on March 6, 1945 it was finally liberated from the occupation.

The composition of the Gorazde population can be traced from the times of Austro-Hungarian occupation. The Orthodox inhabitants originate from Stari Vlah in Sandzak, Brda in Montenegro, Herzegovina and South Serbia The few ancestral inhabitants exempted, the Muslim. population began to come in great numbers to Gorazde and its surroundings in the 17th century.

From the end of the war till 1961 a considerable number of new groups of families came to live in Gorazde from the neighbouring villages and from some other far away places, having been attracted by the economic growth of Gorazde. According to the census of 1961 Gorazde had 8. 812 inhabitants.

Before World War II the industry of Gorazde comprised mainly retail trade and in some measure wholesale trade, the catering industry, handicraft, transport. During the occupation, 1941-1945, industry was destroyed and about 45% of the existing houses as well.

Since then Gorazde's industry has been systematically developing, its main branches being manufacturing, building, transport, trade and crafts.

After the II World War a new period, marked by a tremendous social and economic rise began. A number of new industrial enterprises have been founded, among which the most significant is the Nitrogen Factory.

After breakup of Yugoslavia

From 1992 to 1995 during the Bosnian war, Goražde was one of six Bosniak enclaves, along with Srebrenica and Žepa, surrounded and besieged by the Bosnian Serb Army. The War in Bosnia and Herzegovina, commonly known as the Bosnian War, was an international armed conflict that took place between March 1992 and November 1995 The Bosniaks or Bosniacs (Bošnjak pl Bošnjaci bɔ'ʃɲaːt͡si are a South Slavic people living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina ("Bosnia" Srebrenica ( Cyrillic: Сребреница srɛbrɛnitsa is a Town and municipality in the east of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the Republika Srpska Žepa ( Cyrillic: Жепа) is a village in the east of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Municipality of Rogatica. The Army of the Republika Srpska (Војска Републике Српске (ВРС Serbian, Bosnian, Croatian Vojska Republike Srpske In April 1993 it was made into a 'safe area' in which the UN was supposed to protect the civilian population from attack. Between March 30, and April 23, 1994 the Serbs launched a major offensive against the town. Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. Events 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Virtually all of the UN peacekeepers fled and 694 soldiers and civilians were killed and another 1,917 were wounded before the offensive was stopped. The majority of the casualties were civilians. The city held out until the end of the war and in the end it was to become the only town in eastern Bosnia not to be ethnically cleansed by the Serbs. Ethnic cleansing is a Euphemism referring to the persecution through imprisonment expulsion or killing of members of an ethnic minority by a majority to achieve ethnic homogeneity After the Dayton accords were negotiated a land corridor was established between Gorazde and the Federation. The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, also known as the Dayton Agreement, Dayton Accords, Paris Protocol