For the number 10¹⁰⁰, see Googol

Google Inc. A googol is the Large number 10100 that is the digit 1 followed by one hundred zeros (in Decimal representation
Type	Public (NASDAQ: GOOG), (LSE: GGEA)
Founded	Menlo Park, California (September 7, 1998)[1]
Headquarters	Google Campus, Mountain View, California, USA
Key people	Eric E. Schmidt, CEO/Director Sergey Brin, Co-Founder, Technology President Larry Page, Co-Founder, Products President George Reyes, CFO
Industry	Internet, Computer software
Products	See list of Google products
Revenue	US$16. A public company usually refers to a company that is permitted to offer its registered securities ( Stock, bonds, etc The NASDAQ (acronym of National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations) is an American Stock exchange. The London Stock Exchange or LSE is a Stock exchange located in London, England. Menlo Park is an affluent City in San Mateo County, in the San Francisco Bay Area of California Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Eric Emerson Schmidt (born in Washington DC) is Chairman and CEO of Google Inc Sergey Mikhailovich Brin (Сергей Михайлович Брин born August 21 1973 is a Soviet -born American Entrepreneur who co-founded Google Lawrence Edward "Larry" Page (born March 26 1973 is an American Entrepreneur who co-founded the Google Web search engine, now George Reyes is the former CFO of Google, and a director of BEA Systems, Symantec and LifeLock. For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks In Marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a Market that might satisfy a want or need This page is a summary of services and tools provided by Google Inc In business revenue or revenues is Income that a company receives from its normal business activities usually from the sale of goods and services The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 593 billion ▲56% (2007)[2]
Net income	US$4. Net income is equal to the Income that a firm has after subtracting costs and Expenses from the total Revenue. 203 billion ▲25% (2007)[2]
Total assets	US$25. In Business and Accounting, assets are everything owned by a person or company (all tangible and intangible property that can be converted into cash. 335 billion (2007)[2]
Total equity	US$22. In accounting terms after all liabilities are paid ownership equity is the remaining interest in Assets If valuations placed on assets do not exceed liabilities 689 billion (2007)[2]
Employees	19,156 (March 31, 2008)[3]
Website	www.google.com

Google Inc. Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages (NASDAQ: GOOG and LSE: GGEA) is an American public corporation, earning revenue from advertising related to its Internet search, web-based e-mail, online mapping, office productivity, social networking, and video sharing as well as selling advertising-free versions of the same technologies. The NASDAQ (acronym of National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations) is an American Stock exchange. The London Stock Exchange or LSE is a Stock exchange located in London, England. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A public company usually refers to a company that is permitted to offer its registered securities ( Stock, bonds, etc AdWords is Google 's flagship advertising product and main source of revenue ($16 Google search is a Web search engine owned by Google Inc, and it is the most used search engine on the Web. Gmail, officially Google Mail in Germany and the United Kingdom is a free POP3 and IMAP Google Maps (for a time named Google Local) is a free Web mapping service application and technology provided by Google that powers many map-based services Google Apps is a service from Google for using custom Domain names with several Google products orkut is a Social networking service which is run by Google and named after its creator an employee of Google - Orkut Büyükkökten. YouTube is a video sharing website where users can upload view and share Video clips YouTube was created in February 2005 by three former PayPal employees The Google Search Appliance is a rack-mounted device providing document indexing functionality that can be integrated into an Intranet, Document management system Google's headquarters, the Googleplex, is located in Mountain View, California. The Googleplex is the Company headquarters for Google Inc, located at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway in Mountain View, Santa Clara County, As of March 31, 2008 the company has 19,156 full-time employees. Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common ^[3] As of October 31, 2007, it is the largest American company (by market capitalization) that is not part of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Market capitalization/capitalisation (aka market cap, mkt cap or capitalized/capitalised value) is a measurement of Corporate or Economic The Dow Jones Industrial Average ( also called the DJIA, Dow 30, INDP, or informally the Dow Jones or The Dow) is one of several ^[4]

Google was co-founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were students at Stanford University and the company was first incorporated as a privately held company on September 7, 1998. Lawrence Edward "Larry" Page (born March 26 1973 is an American Entrepreneur who co-founded the Google Web search engine, now Sergey Mikhailovich Brin (Сергей Михайлович Брин born August 21 1973 is a Soviet -born American Entrepreneur who co-founded Google Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly known as Stanford University or simply Stanford, is a private Research university located in The term privately held company refers to ownership of a business company in two different ways first referring to ownership by non-governmental organizations and second Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Google's initial public offering took place on August 19, 2004, raising US$1. Initial public offering (IPO, also referred to simply as a "public offering" is when a company issues Common stock or shares to the public for the first Events 43 BC - Octavian, later known as Augustus compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 67 billion, making it worth US$23 billion. Google has continued its growth through a series of new product developments, acquisitions, and partnerships. This is a list of acquisitions by Google, a Computer software and a Web search engine company Google Inc is an American public corporation, earning revenue from advertising related to its Internet search, e-mail, online Environmentalism, philanthropy, and positive employee relations have been important tenets during Google's growth, the latter resulting in being identified multiple times as Fortune Magazine's #1 Best Place to Work. Google Inc is an American public corporation, earning revenue from advertising related to its Internet search, e-mail, online Googleorg is the charitable arm of Internet Search engine company Google. Google Inc is an American public corporation, earning revenue from advertising related to its Internet search, e-mail, online Fortune is a Global Business Magazine published by Time Inc's Fortune|Money Group ^[5] The company's unofficial slogan is "Don't be evil", although criticism of Google include concerns regarding the privacy of personal information, copyright, censorship, and discontinuation of services. " Don't be evil " is the informal corporate motto (or slogan for Google, originally suggested by Google employees Paul Buchheit and Amit Patel at a meeting Google has received criticism for various issues Copyright issues Kazaa seven and the Church of Scientology have used the Digital Millennium Privacy is the ability of an individual or group to seclude themselves or information about themselves and thereby reveal themselves selectively Copyright is a legal concept enacted by Governments, giving the creator of an original work of authorship Exclusive rights to control its distribution usually for Censorship by Google is Google corporation's removal or lack of inclusion of information from its services in order to comply with local laws or with the company's policies

Contents 1 History 1.1 Financing and initial public offering 1.2 Growth 1.3 Acquisitions 1.4 Partnerships 2 Products and services 2.1 Advertising 2.2 Web-based software 2.3 Enterprise products 3 Platform 4 Corporate affairs and culture 4.1 Googleplex 4.2 Innovation time off 4.3 Easter eggs and April Fool's Day jokes 4.4 IPO and culture 4.5 Philanthropy 5 Criticism 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External links

History

Main article: History of Google

Google began in January 1996, as a research project by Larry Page, who was soon joined by Sergey Brin, two Ph.D. students at Stanford University in California. This article covers the history of Google, the popular web-based search engine. Lawrence Edward "Larry" Page (born March 26 1973 is an American Entrepreneur who co-founded the Google Web search engine, now Sergey Mikhailovich Brin (Сергей Михайлович Брин born August 21 1973 is a Soviet -born American Entrepreneur who co-founded Google "PhD" redirects here for other uses see PhD (disambiguation. Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly known as Stanford University or simply Stanford, is a private Research university located in California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. ^[6] They hypothesized that a search engine that analyzed the relationships between websites would produce better ranking of results than existing techniques, which ranked results according to the number of times the search term appeared on a page. ^[7] Their search engine was originally nicknamed "BackRub" because the system checked backlinks to estimate a site's importance. Backlinks (or back-links (UK are incoming links to a Website or Web page. ^[8] A small search engine called Rankdex was already exploring a similar strategy. ^[9]

Convinced that the pages with the most links to them from other highly relevant web pages must be the most relevant pages associated with the search, Page and Brin tested their thesis as part of their studies, and laid the foundation for their search engine. Originally, the search engine used the Stanford University website with the domain google. Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly known as Stanford University or simply Stanford, is a private Research university located in stanford. edu. The domain google. com was registered on September 15, 1997,^[10] and the company was incorporated as Google Inc. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar on September 7, 1998 at a friend's garage in Menlo Park, California. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Menlo Park is an affluent City in San Mateo County, in the San Francisco Bay Area of California The total initial investment raised for the new company amounted to almost US$1. 1 million, including a US$100,000 check by Andy Bechtolsheim, one of the founders of Sun Microsystems. Andy (Andreas von Bechtolsheim is an electrical engineer who co-founded Sun Microsystems in 1982 along with Vinod Khosla, Bill Joy, and Scott Sun Microsystems Inc ( is a multinational vendor of Computers computer components Computer software, and Information technology services ^[11]

In March 1999, the company moved into offices in Palo Alto, home to several other noted Silicon Valley technology startups. Events in June Madaraka Day June 1 to commemorate when Kenya gained internal self-rule 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Palo Alto (ˌpæloʊˈæltoʊ from Spanish: palo: "stick" and alto: "high" i For the valley nicknamed "Silicone Valley" see San Fernando Valley. ^[12] After quickly outgrowing two other sites, the company leased a complex of buildings in Mountain View at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway from Silicon Graphics (SGI) in 2003. Silicon Graphics Inc (commonly initialised to SGI, historically sometimes referred to as Silicon Graphics Computer Systems or SGCS) is a company ^[13] The company has remained at this location ever since, and the complex has since come to be known as the Googleplex (a play on the word googolplex). The Googleplex is the Company headquarters for Google Inc, located at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway in Mountain View, Santa Clara County, In 2006, Google bought the property from SGI for US$319 million. ^[14]

The Google search engine attracted a loyal following among the growing number of Internet users, who liked its simple design and usability. ^[15] In 2000, Google began selling advertisements associated with search keywords. Advertising is a form of Communication that typically attempts to persuade potential Customers to Purchase or to consume more of a particular Brand An index term or descriptor in Information Retrieval is a term that captures the essence of the topic of a document ^[6] The ads were text-based to maintain an uncluttered page design and to maximize page loading speed. ^[6] Keywords were sold based on a combination of price bid and clickthroughs, with bidding starting at US$. 05 per click. ^[6] This model of selling keyword advertising was pioneered by Goto.com (later renamed Overture Services, before being acquired by Yahoo! and rebranded as Yahoo! Search Marketing). Yahoo! Search Marketing is a keyword-based " Pay per click " or " Sponsored search " Internet advertising service provided by Yahoo!. Yahoo! Search Marketing is a keyword-based " Pay per click " or " Sponsored search " Internet advertising service provided by Yahoo!. ^[16][17][18] While many of its dot-com rivals failed in the new Internet marketplace, Google quietly rose in stature while generating revenue. ^[6]

The name "Google" originated from a common misspelling of the word "googol",^[19][20] which refers to 10¹⁰⁰, the number represented by a 1 followed by one hundred zeros. Having found its way increasingly into everyday language, the verb "google", was added to the Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary in 2006, meaning "to use the Google search engine to obtain information on the Internet. The Verb to google (also spelled to Google) refers to using the Google search engine to obtain information on the Web. Merriam-Webster, which was originally the G & C Merriam Company of Springfield Massachusetts, is an American company that publishes reference books The Oxford English Dictionary ( OED) published by the Oxford University Press (OUP is a comprehensive Dictionary of the English "^[21][22]

A patent describing part of Google's ranking mechanism (PageRank) was granted on September 4, 2001. A patent is a set of Exclusive rights granted by a State to an inventor or his assignee for a fixed period of time in exchange for a disclosure of an PageRank is a link analysis algorithm that assigns a numerical weighting to each element of a Hyperlinked set of documents such as the World Wide Web, Events 476 - Romulus Augustus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. ^[23] The patent was officially assigned to Stanford University and lists Lawrence Page as the inventor.

Financing and initial public offering

The first funding for Google as a company was secured in the form of a US$100,000 contribution from Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, given to a corporation which did not yet exist. Andy (Andreas von Bechtolsheim is an electrical engineer who co-founded Sun Microsystems in 1982 along with Vinod Khosla, Bill Joy, and Scott Sun Microsystems Inc ( is a multinational vendor of Computers computer components Computer software, and Information technology services ^[24] Around six months later, a much larger round of funding was announced, with the major investors being rival venture capital firms Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers and Sequoia Capital. Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers (KPCB is a Venture capital firm located on Sand Hill Road in Silicon Valley. Sequoia Capital is a Venture capital firm founded by Don Valentine in 1972 ^[24]

Google's IPO took place on August 19, 2004. Initial public offering (IPO, also referred to simply as a "public offering" is when a company issues Common stock or shares to the public for the first Events 43 BC - Octavian, later known as Augustus compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " 19,605,052 shares were offered at a price of US$85 per share. Software for Fixed assets management and Stock control developed in 2004. ^[25][26] Of that, 14,142,135 (another mathematical reference as √2 ≈ 1. The square root of 2, also known as Pythagoras' Constant, often denoted by \sqrt{2}   or   √2 4142135) were floated by Google, and the remaining 5,462,917 were offered by existing stockholders. The sale of US$1. 67 billion gave Google a market capitalization of more than US$23 billion. Market capitalization/capitalisation (aka market cap, mkt cap or capitalized/capitalised value) is a measurement of Corporate or Economic ^[27] The vast majority of Google's 271 million shares remained under Google's control. Many of Google's employees became instant paper millionaires. Yahoo!, a competitor of Google, also benefited from the IPO because it owned 8. 4 million shares of Google as of August 9, 2004, ten days before the IPO. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " ^[28]

Google's stock performance after its first IPO launch has gone well, with shares hitting US$700 for the first time on October 31, 2007,^[29] due to strong sales and earnings in the advertising market, as well as the release of new features such as the desktop search function and its iGoogle personalized home page. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Google Desktop is Desktop search software made by Google for Mac OS X, Linux, and Microsoft Windows. ^[30] The surge in stock price is fueled primarily by individual investors, as opposed to large institutional investors and mutual funds. A mutual fund is a professionally managed type of collective investments that pools money from many investors and Invests it in Stocks bonds, ^[30]

The company is listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange under the ticker symbol GOOG and under the London Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol GGEA

Growth

While the company's primary business interest is in the web content arena, Google has begun experimenting with other markets, such as radio and print publications. The NASDAQ (acronym of National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations) is an American Stock exchange. The London Stock Exchange or LSE is a Stock exchange located in London, England. Radio is the transmission of signals by Modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible Light. On January 17, 2006, Google announced that its purchase of a radio advertising company "dMarc", which provides an automated system that allows companies to advertise on the radio. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[31] This will allow Google to combine two niche advertising media—the Internet and radio—with Google's ability to laser-focus on the tastes of consumers. Google has also begun an experiment in selling advertisements from its advertisers in offline newspapers and magazines, with select advertisements in the Chicago Sun-Times. The Chicago Sun-Times is an American daily Newspaper published in Chicago, Illinois. ^[32] They have been filling unsold space in the newspaper that would have normally been used for in-house advertisements.

Google was added to the S&P 500 index on March 30, 2006. The S&P 500 is a Stock market index containing the stocks of 500 Large-Cap Corporations all of which are from the United States. Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. It replaced Burlington Resources, a major oil producer based in Houston which was acquired by ConocoPhillips. Burlington Resources, is an American Oil and gas company Their headquarters are in Houston, Texas. ConocoPhillips Company ( is an international energy corporation with its headquarters located in Houston Texas.

Acquisitions

See also: List of Google acquisitions

Since 2001, Google has acquired several small start-up companies, often consisting of innovative teams and products. This is a list of acquisitions by Google, a Computer software and a Web search engine company One of the earlier companies that Google bought was Pyra Labs. Pyra Labs is the company that coined the word Blogger and made the service a big success They were the creators of Blogger, a weblog publishing platform, first launched in 1999. Blogger is a Blog publishing system. It was created by Pyra Labs, which was bought by Google in 2003 This acquisition led to many premium features becoming free. Pyra Labs was originally formed by Evan Williams, yet he left Google in 2004. Evan Williams (born 31 March 1972 in Nebraska) is an American entrepreneur who has founded several Internet companies In early 2006, Google acquired Upstartle, a company responsible for the online word processor, Writely. Google Docs is a free Web-based Word processor, Spreadsheet, and Presentation application offered by Google. The technology in this product was used by Google to eventually create Google Docs & Spreadsheets. Google Docs is a free Web-based Word processor, Spreadsheet, and Presentation application offered by Google.

In 2004, Google acquired a company called Keyhole, Inc., which developed a product called Earth Viewer which was renamed in 2005 to Google Earth. Keyhole Inc, founded in 2001 was a pioneering software development company specializing in geospatial data visualization applications and was acquired by Google in 2004 Google Earth is a Virtual globe program that was originally called Earth Viewer and was created by Keyhole Inc, a company acquired by Google in 2004

In February 2006, software company Adaptive Path sold Measure Map, a weblog statistics application, to Google. A blog (a contraction of the term " Web log " is a Web site, usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary descriptions of Registration to the service has since been temporarily disabled. The last update regarding the future of Measure Map was made on April 6, 2006 and outlined many of the service's known issues. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[33]

In late 2006, Google bought online video site YouTube for US$1. YouTube is a video sharing website where users can upload view and share Video clips YouTube was created in February 2005 by three former PayPal employees 65 billion in stock. ^[34] Shortly after, on October 31, 2006, Google announced that it had also acquired JotSpot, a developer of wiki technology for collaborative Web sites. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Google Sites is a Structured wiki offered by Google as part of Google Apps. ^[35]

On April 13, 2007, Google reached an agreement to acquire DoubleClick. Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. DoubleClick is a company that develops and provides Internet Ad serving services Google agreed to buy the company for US$3. 1 billion. ^[36]

On July 9, 2007, Google announced that it had signed a definitive agreement to acquire enterprise messaging security and compliance company Postini. Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Postini is an Email and Web security company founded in 1999 and originally based in San Carlos California, United States. ^[37]

Partnerships

In 2005, Google entered into partnerships with other companies and government agencies to improve production and services. Google announced a partnership with NASA Ames Research Center to build up 1,000,000 square feet (93,000 m²) of offices and work on research projects involving large-scale data management, nanotechnology, distributed computing, and the entrepreneurial space industry. NASA Ames Research Center (ARC is a NASA facility located at Moffett Federal Airfield, which covers 43 acres at the borders of the cities of Mountain View Nanotechnology, sometimes shortened to nanotech, refers to a field of Applied science whose theme is the control of matter on an Atomic and Molecular Distributed computing deals with Hardware and Software Systems containing more than one processing element or Storage element concurrent ^[38] Google also entered into a partnership with Sun Microsystems in October to help share and distribute each other's technologies. Sun Microsystems Inc ( is a multinational vendor of Computers computer components Computer software, and Information technology services ^[39] The company entered into a partnership with Time Warner's AOL,^[40] to enhance each other's video search services. Time Warner Inc ( is the world's largest media and entertainment conglomerate, headquartered in New York City.

The same year, the company became a major financial investor of the new .mobi top-level domain for mobile devices, in conjunction with several other companies, including Microsoft, Nokia, and Ericsson among others. Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer Nokia Corporation (pronunciation /'nɔkiɑ/),,) is a Finnish multinational Communications Corporation, headquartered Ericsson ( Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson) () one of the largest Swedish companies is a leading provider of telecommunication and data communication systems ^[41] In September 2007, Google launched, "Adsense for Mobile", a service for its publishing partners which provides the ability to monetize their mobile websites through the targeted placement of mobile text ads,^[42] and acquired the mobile social networking site, Zingku. mobi, to "provide people worldwide with direct access to Google applications, and ultimately the information they want and need, right from their mobile devices. "^[43]

In 2006, Google and News Corp.'s Fox Interactive Media entered into a US$900 million agreement to provide search and advertising on the popular social networking site, MySpace. News Corporation (often abbreviated to News Corp) (,,) is one of the world's largest media conglomerate companies by Market capitalisation MySpace is a popular social networking Website offering an interactive user-submitted network of friends personal profiles blogs groups photos music and ^[44]

On November 5, 2007 Google announced the Open Handset Alliance to develop an open platform for mobile services called Android. The Open Handset Alliance ( OHA) is a Business alliance of 34 firms including Google, HTC, Intel, Motorola Android is a software platform and Operating system for Mobile devices based on the Linux Kernel, developed by Google

Products and services

Main article: List of Google products

Google has created services and tools for the general public and business environment alike; including Web applications, advertising networks and solutions for businesses. The RSA Conference is a Cryptography -related conference held annually in the San Francisco Bay Area This page is a summary of services and tools provided by Google Inc

Advertising

Most of Google's revenue is derived from advertising programs. For the 2006 fiscal year, the company reported US$10. 492 billion in total advertising revenues and only US$112 million in licensing and other revenues. ^[45] Google AdWords allows Web advertisers to display advertisements in Google's search results and the Google Content Network, through either a cost-per-click or cost-per-view scheme. AdWords is Google 's flagship advertising product and main source of revenue ($16 Google AdSense website owners can also display adverts on their own site, and earn money every time ads are clicked. AdSense is an advertisement serving program run by Google. Website owners can enroll in this program to enable text image and more recently video Advertisements

Web-based software

The Google web search engine is the company's most popular service. Google search is a Web search engine owned by Google Inc, and it is the most used search engine on the Web. As of August 2007, Google is the most used search engine on the web with a 53. 6% market share, ahead of Yahoo! (19. 9%) and Live Search (12. Live Search (formerly Windows Live Search and MSN Search) is the name of Microsoft 's web Search engine, designed to compete with the 9%). ^[46] Google indexes billions of Web pages, so that users can search for the information they desire, through the use of keywords and operators. An index term or descriptor in Information Retrieval is a term that captures the essence of the topic of a document In Mathematics, an operator is a function which operates on (or modifies another function Google has also employed the Web Search technology into other search services, including Image Search, Google News, the price comparison site Google Product Search, the interactive Usenet archive Google Groups, Google Maps, and more. Google News is an automated News aggregator provided by Google Inc Google Product Search (formerly known as Froogle) is a Price comparison service launched by Google Inc Usenet, a Portmanteau of "user" and "network" is a world-wide distributed Internet discussion system Google Groups is a free service from Google where groups of people have discussions about common interests Google Maps (for a time named Google Local) is a free Web mapping service application and technology provided by Google that powers many map-based services

In 2004, Google launched its own free web-based e-mail service, known as Gmail (or Google Mail in some jurisdictions). Gmail, officially Google Mail in Germany and the United Kingdom is a free POP3 and IMAP ^[47] Gmail features spam-filtering technology and the capability to use Google technology to search e-mail. Email filtering is the processing of E-mail to organize it according to specified criteria The service generates revenue by displaying advertisements and links from the AdWords service that are tailored to the choice of the user and/or content of the e-mail messages displayed on screen. AdWords is Google 's flagship advertising product and main source of revenue ($16

In early 2006, the company launched Google Video, which not only allows users to search and view freely available videos but also offers users and media publishers the ability to publish their content, including television shows on CBS, NBA basketball games, and music videos. Google Video is a free video sharing website and also a video service from Google that allows anyone to upload Video Clips to Google's web CBS Broadcasting Inc ( CBS) is an American radio and Television network. ^[48] In August 2007, Google announced that it would shut down its video rental and sale program and offer refunds and Google Checkout credits to consumers who had purchased videos to own. Google Checkout is an online payment processing service provided by Google aimed at simplifying the process of paying for online purchases

On February 28, 2008 Google launched the Google Sites wiki as a Google Apps component. Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Google Sites is a Structured wiki offered by Google as part of Google Apps. A wiki is a page or collection of Web pages designed to enable anyone who accesses it to contribute or modify content using a simplified Markup language. Google Apps is a service from Google for using custom Domain names with several Google products

Google has also developed several desktop applications, including Google Earth, an interactive mapping program powered by satellite and aerial imagery that covers the vast majority of the planet. Google Earth is a Virtual globe program that was originally called Earth Viewer and was created by Keyhole Inc, a company acquired by Google in 2004 Google Earth is generally considered to be remarkably accurate and extremely detailed. Many major cities have such detailed images that one can zoom in close enough to see vehicles and pedestrians clearly. Consequently, there have been some concerns about national security implications. Specifically, some countries and militaries contend the software can be used to pinpoint with near-precision accuracy the physical location of critical infrastructure, commercial and residential buildings, bases, government agencies, and so on. However, the satellite images are not necessarily frequently updated, and all of them are available at no charge through other products and even government sources. For example, NASA and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program Some counter this argument by stating that Google Earth makes it easier to access and research the images.

Many other products are available through Google Labs, which is a collection of incomplete applications that are still being tested for use by the general public. Google Labs is a website demonstrating new Google projects "that aren't quite ready for prime time"

Google has promoted their products in various ways. In London, Google Space was set-up in Heathrow Airport, showcasing several products, including Gmail, Google Earth and Picasa. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. ^[49][50] Also, a similar page was launched for American college students, under the name College Life, Powered by Google. ^[51]

In 2007, some reports surfaced that Google was planning the release of its own mobile phone, possibly a competitor to Apple's iPhone. Apple Inc, ( formerly Apple Computer Inc, is an American Multinational corporation with a focus on designing and manufacturing Consumer electronics The iPhone is an internet-connected Multimedia Smartphone designed and marketed by Apple Inc ^[52][53][54] The project, called Android provides a standard development kit that will allow any "Android" phone to run software developed for the Android SDK, no matter the phone manufacturer. Android is a software platform and Operating system for Mobile devices based on the Linux Kernel, developed by Google In October 2007, Google SMS service was launched in India allowing users to get business listings, movie showtimes, and information by sending an SMS. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Short Message Service ( SMS) is a Communications protocol allowing the interchange of short text messages between mobile telephone devices.

Enterprise products

In 2007, Google launched Google Apps Premier Edition, a version of Google Apps targeted primarily at the business user. Google Apps is a service from Google for using custom Domain names with several Google products It includes such extras as more disk space for e-mail, API access, and premium support, for a price of US$50 per user per year. A large implementation of Google Apps with 38,000 users is at Lakehead University in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. Lakehead University ( LU) is located in Thunder Bay, Ontario. Thunder Bay ( 2006 census population 109140 formerly the twin cities of Fort William and Port Arthur, is a City in and the seat of Thunder ^[55]

Platform

Main article: Google platform

Google runs its services on several server farms, each comprising thousands of low-cost commodity computers running stripped-down versions of Linux. Google requires large computational resources in order to provide their service A server farm or server cluster is a collection of Computer servers usually maintained by an enterprise to accomplish server needs far beyond the capability Linux (commonly pronounced ˈlɪnəks While the company divulges no details of its hardware, a 2006 estimate cites 450,000 servers, "racked up in clusters at data centers around the world. "^[56]

Corporate affairs and culture

Google is known for its relaxed corporate culture, of which its playful variations on its own corporate logo are an indicator. Eric Emerson Schmidt (born in Washington DC) is Chairman and CEO of Google Inc Sergey Mikhailovich Brin (Сергей Михайлович Брин born August 21 1973 is a Soviet -born American Entrepreneur who co-founded Google Lawrence Edward "Larry" Page (born March 26 1973 is an American Entrepreneur who co-founded the Google Web search engine, now In 2007 and 2008, Fortune Magazine placed Google at the top of its list of the hundred best places to work. Fortune is a Global Business Magazine published by Time Inc's Fortune|Money Group ^[5] Google's corporate philosophy embodies such casual principles as "you can make money without doing evil," "you can be serious without a suit," and "work should be challenging and the challenge should be fun. "^[57]

Google has been criticized for having salaries below industry standards. ^[58] For example, some system administrators earn no more than US$35,000 per year – considered to be quite low for the Bay Area job market. A system administrator, systems administrator, or sysadmin, is a person employed to maintain and operate a Computer system and/or network. The San Francisco Bay Area, commonly known as the Bay Area, or the Bay, is a geographically and ethnically diverse metropolitan region that surrounds the ^[59] However, Google's stock performance following its IPO has enabled many early employees to be competitively compensated by participation in the corporation's remarkable equity growth. Initial public offering (IPO, also referred to simply as a "public offering" is when a company issues Common stock or shares to the public for the first ^[60] Google implemented other employee incentives in 2005, such as the Google Founders' Award, in addition to offering higher salaries to new employees. The Google Founders' Award is a special award for extraordinary Entrepreneurial achievement and the highest employee award at Google Inc Google's workplace amenities, culture, global popularity, and strong brand recognition have also attracted potential applicants.

After the company's IPO in August 2004, it was reported that founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page, and CEO Eric Schmidt, requested that their base salary be cut to US$1. Initial public offering (IPO, also referred to simply as a "public offering" is when a company issues Common stock or shares to the public for the first Sergey Mikhailovich Brin (Сергей Михайлович Брин born August 21 1973 is a Soviet -born American Entrepreneur who co-founded Google Lawrence Edward "Larry" Page (born March 26 1973 is an American Entrepreneur who co-founded the Google Web search engine, now Eric Emerson Schmidt (born in Washington DC) is Chairman and CEO of Google Inc 00. ^[61] Subsequent offers by the company to increase their salaries have been turned down, primarily because, "their primary compensation continues to come from returns on their ownership stakes in Google. As significant stockholders, their personal wealth is tied directly to sustained stock price appreciation and performance, which provides direct alignment with stockholder interests. "^[61] Prior to 2004, Schmidt was making US$250,000 per year, and Page and Brin each earned a salary of US$150,000. ^[61]

They have all declined recent offers of bonuses and increases in compensation by Google's board of directors. In a 2007 report of the United States' richest people, Forbes reported that Sergey Brin and Larry Page were tied for #5 with a net worth of US$18. Forbes is an American Publishing and media company Its flagship publication Forbes magazine is published bi-weekly Sergey Mikhailovich Brin (Сергей Михайлович Брин born August 21 1973 is a Soviet -born American Entrepreneur who co-founded Google Lawrence Edward "Larry" Page (born March 26 1973 is an American Entrepreneur who co-founded the Google Web search engine, now 5 billion each. ^[62]

In 2007 and through early 2008, Google has seen the departure of several top executives. Justin Rosenstein, Google’s product manager, left in June of 2007. ^[63] Shortly thereafter, Gideon Yu, former chief financial officer of YouTube, a Google unit, joined Facebook^[64] along with Benjamin Ling, a high-ranking engineer, who left in October 2007. YouTube is a video sharing website where users can upload view and share Video clips YouTube was created in February 2005 by three former PayPal employees Facebook is a social networking Website launched on February 4 2004 ^[65] In March 2008, two senior Google leaders announced their desire to pursue other opportunities. Sheryl Sandburg, ex-VP of global online sales and operations began her position as COO of Facebook^[66] while Ash ElDifrawi, former head of brand advertising, left to become CMO of Netshops Inc. Facebook is a social networking Website launched on February 4 2004 ^[67]

Googleplex

Main article: Googleplex

Google's headquarters in Mountain View, California, is referred to as "the Googleplex" in a play of words; a googolplex being 1 followed by a googol of zeros, and the HQ being a complex of buildings (cf. The Googleplex is the Company headquarters for Google Inc, located at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway in Mountain View, Santa Clara County, The Googleplex is the Company headquarters for Google Inc, located at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway in Mountain View, Santa Clara County, multiplex, cineplex, etc). Cinemaaustraliajpg|thumb|A movie theater in Australia ]]A movie theater, movie theatre, picture theatre or cinema is a venue The lobby is decorated with a piano, lava lamps, old server clusters, and a projection of search queries on the wall. The piano is a Musical instrument played by means of a keyboard that produces sound by striking steel strings with Felt covered hammers A lava lamp is a novelty item typically used for decoration and ambiance rather than illumination the slow albeit chaotic rise and fall of the randomly-shaped blobs The hallways are full of exercise balls and bicycles. The bicycle, cycle, or bike is a pedal-driven, human-powered vehicle with two wheels attached to a frame, one behind Each employee has access to the corporate recreation center. Recreational amenities are scattered throughout the campus and include a workout room with weights and rowing machines, locker rooms, washers and dryers, a massage room, assorted video games, Foosball, a baby grand piano, a pool table, and ping pong. A video game is a Game that involves interaction with a User interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. Table football, also known as foosball, table soccer or baby foot, is a table-top game that is based on Association football (soccer The piano is a Musical instrument played by means of a keyboard that produces sound by striking steel strings with Felt covered hammers In addition to the rec room, there are snack rooms stocked with various foods and drinks. recreation room (also known as a rec room or rumpus room) is a room used for a variety of purposes such as parties games and other everyday or casual ^[68]

In 2006, Google moved into 311,000 square feet (28,900 m²) of office space in New York City, at 111 Eighth Ave. in Manhattan. The City of New York ^[69] The office was specially designed and built for Google and houses its largest advertising sales team, which has been instrumental in securing large partnerships, most recently deals with MySpace and AOL. MySpace is a popular social networking Website offering an interactive user-submitted network of friends personal profiles blogs groups photos music and ^[69] In 2003, they added an engineering staff in New York City, which has been responsible for more than 100 engineering projects, including Google Maps, Google Spreadsheets, and others. Google Maps (for a time named Google Local) is a free Web mapping service application and technology provided by Google that powers many map-based services Google Docs is a free Web-based Word processor, Spreadsheet, and Presentation application offered by Google. ^[69] It is estimated that the building costs Google US$10 million per year to rent and is similar in design and functionality to its Mountain View headquarters, including foosball, air hockey, and ping-pong tables, as well as a video game area. Table football, also known as foosball, table soccer or baby foot, is a table-top game that is based on Association football (soccer Air hockey is a game for two competing players trying to score points in the opposing player's goal ^[69] In November 2006, Google opened offices on Carnegie Mellon's campus in Pittsburgh. Carnegie Mellon University (also known as CMU) is a private Research University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United ^[70] By late 2006, Google also established a new headquarters for its AdWords division in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Ann Arbor is a city in the US state of Michigan and the county seat of Washtenaw County. ^[71]

The size of Google's search system is presently undisclosed. The best estimates place the total number of the company's servers at 450,000, spread over twenty five locations throughout the world, including major operations centers in Dublin (European Operations Headquarters) and Atlanta, Georgia. A network operations center (or NOC, pronounced "nock" is one or more locations from which control is exercised over a computer, Television Dublin (ˈdʌblɨn/ /ˈdʊblɨn or /ˈdʊbəlɪn/, bˠalʲə aːha klʲiəh or cliə(ɸ is both the largest city and capital of Ireland. Headquarters (HQ denotes the location where most if not all of the important functions of an organization are concentrated Google is also in the process of constructing a major operations center in The Dalles, Oregon, on the banks of the Columbia River. This page is about the Oregon town For the nearby geological formation The Dalles see Celilo Falls. The Columbia River (known as The site, also referred to by the media as Project 02, was chosen due to the availability of inexpensive hydroelectric power and a large surplus of fiber optic cable, remnants of the dot com boom of the late 1990s. Hydroelectricity is electricity generated by Hydropower, ie the production of power through use of the gravitational force of falling water An optical fiber (or fibre) is a Glass or Plastic fiber that carries Light along its length The computing center is estimated to be the size of two football fields, and it has created hundreds of construction jobs, causing local real estate prices to increase 40%. American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with Upon completion, the center is expected to create 60 to 200 permanent jobs in the town of 12,000 people. ^[72]

Google is taking steps to ensure that their operations are environmentally sound. In October 2006, the company announced plans to install thousands of solar panels to provide up to 1. In the field of Photovoltaics, a photovoltaic module is a packaged interconnected assembly of photovoltaic cells also known as Solar cells An installation of 6 megawatts of electricity, enough to satisfy approximately 30% of the campus' energy needs. The watt (symbol W) is the SI derived unit of power, equal to one Joule of energy per Second. ^[73] The system will be the largest solar power system constructed on a U.S. corporate campus and one of the largest on any corporate site in the world. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the ^[73] In June 2007, Google announced that they plan to become carbon neutral by 2008, which includes investing in energy efficiency, renewable energy sources, and purchasing carbon offsets, such as investing in projects like capturing and burning methane from animal waste at Mexican and Brazilian farms. Being carbon neutral, or carbon neutrality, refers to achieving net zero carbon emissions by balancing a measured amount of carbon released with an equivalent amount sequestered Methane is a Chemical compound with the molecular formula. It is the simplest Alkane, and the principal component of Natural gas.

Innovation time off

As an interesting motivation technique (usually called Innovation Time Off), all Google engineers are encouraged to spend 20% of their work time (one day per week) on projects that interest them. Some of Google's newer services, such as Gmail, Google News, Orkut, and AdSense originated from these independent endeavors. Gmail, officially Google Mail in Germany and the United Kingdom is a free POP3 and IMAP Google News is an automated News aggregator provided by Google Inc orkut is a Social networking service which is run by Google and named after its creator an employee of Google - Orkut Büyükkökten. AdSense is an advertisement serving program run by Google. Website owners can enroll in this program to enable text image and more recently video Advertisements ^[74] In a talk at Stanford University, Marissa Mayer, Google's Vice President of Search Products and User Experience, stated that her analysis showed that half of the new product launches originated from the 20% time. Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly known as Stanford University or simply Stanford, is a private Research university located in Marissa Ann Mayer (born on 30 May 1975) is the Vice President of Search Product and User Experience at American Search engine company Google. ^[75]

Easter eggs and April Fool's Day jokes

Main article: Google's hoaxes

Google has a tradition of creating April Fool's Day jokes—such as Google MentalPlex, which allegedly featured the use of mental power to search the web. Google has a tradition of perpetrating April Fools' Day Hoaxes. This article is about the informal holiday For other uses see April Fool. Google has a tradition of perpetrating April Fools' Day Hoaxes. ^[76] In 2002, they claimed that pigeons were the secret behind their growing search engine. Google has a tradition of perpetrating April Fools' Day Hoaxes. ^[77] In 2004, they featured Google Lunar (which claimed to feature jobs on the moon),^[78] and in 2005, a fictitious brain-boosting drink, termed Google Gulp was announced. Google has a tradition of perpetrating April Fools' Day Hoaxes. Fiction is the telling of stories which are not real More specifically fiction is an imaginative form of Narrative, one of the four basic Rhetorical modes. Google has a tradition of perpetrating April Fools' Day Hoaxes. ^[79] In 2006, they came up with Google Romance, a hypothetical online dating service. Google has a tradition of perpetrating April Fools' Day Hoaxes. Online dating or Internet dating is a Dating system which allows individuals couples and groups to meet over the Internet usually with the objective of developing ^[80] In 2007, Google announced two joke products. The first was a free wireless Internet service called TiSP (Toilet Internet Service Provider)^[81] in which one obtained a connection by flushing one end of a fiber-optic cable down their toilet and waiting only an hour for a "Plumbing Hardware Dispatcher (PHD)" to connect it to the Internet. Google has a tradition of perpetrating April Fools' Day Hoaxes. An optical fiber (or fibre) is a Glass or Plastic fiber that carries Light along its length ^[81] Additionally, Google's Gmail page displayed an announcement for Gmail Paper, which allows users of their free email service to have email messages printed and shipped to a snail mail address. Gmail, officially Google Mail in Germany and the United Kingdom is a free POP3 and IMAP Google has a tradition of perpetrating April Fools' Day Hoaxes. ^[82]

Some thought the announcement of Gmail in 2004 around April Fool's Day (as well as the doubling of Gmail's storage space to two gigabytes in 2005) was a joke, although both of these turned out to be genuine announcements. In 2005, a comedic graph depicting Google's goal of "infinity plus one" GB of storage was featured on the Gmail homepage.

Google's services contain a number of Easter eggs; for instance, the Language Tools page offers the search interface in the Swedish Chef's "Bork bork bork," Pig Latin, ”Hacker” (actually leetspeak), Elmer Fudd, and Klingon. A virtual Easter egg is an intentional Hidden message or feature in an object such as a movie, Book The Swedish Chef is a Muppet who appeared on The Muppet Show and was operated by Jim Henson and Frank Oz simultaneously and is now Pig Latin is an English Language game in which the initial consonant sound of an English word is placed at the end and an ay is Affixed (Ex Leet or Eleet (sometimes rendered l33t, 1337, or 31337) also known as Leetspeak, is an Alphabet used primarily on the Elmer J Fudd is a fictional Cartoon character and one of the most famous Looney Tunes characters The Klingon language ( tlhIngan Hol in Klingon is the Constructed language spoken by Klingons in the fictional Star Trek universe ^[83] In addition, the search engine calculator provides the Answer to Life, the Universe, and Everything from Douglas Adams' The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. The Answer to Life the Universe and Everything is numeric in Douglas Adams ' series The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. Douglas Noël Adams (11 March 1952 &ndash 11 May 2001 was an English author comic Radio dramatist The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy is a science fiction comedy series ^[84] As Google's search box can be used as a unit converter (as well as a calculator), some non-standard units are built in, such as the Smoot. The smoot is a nonstandard Unit of length created as part of an MIT fraternity prank. Google also routinely modifies its logo in accordance with various holidays or special events throughout the year, such as Christmas, Mother's Day, or the birthdays of various notable individuals. Mother's Day is a day honoring Mothers celebrated on various days in many places around the world Birthday is the name given to the date of the anniversary of a person's birth ^[85]

IPO and culture

Many people speculated that Google's IPO would inevitably lead to changes in the company's culture,^[86] because of shareholder pressure for employee benefit reductions and short-term advances, or because a large number of the company's employees would suddenly become millionaires on paper. Initial public offering (IPO, also referred to simply as a "public offering" is when a company issues Common stock or shares to the public for the first In a report given to potential investors, co-founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page promised that the IPO would not change the company's culture. ^[87] Later Mr. Page said, "We think a lot about how to maintain our culture and the fun elements. We spent a lot of time getting our offices right. We think it's important to have a high density of people. People are packed together everywhere. We all share offices. We like this set of buildings because it's more like a densely packed university campus than a typical suburban office park. "^[88]

However, many analysts are finding that as Google grows, the company is becoming more "corporate". In 2005, articles in The New York Times and other sources began suggesting that Google had lost its anti-corporate, no evil philosophy. ^[89][90][91] In an effort to maintain the company's unique culture, Google has designated a Chief Culture Officer in 2006, who also serves as the Director of Human Resources. The purpose of the Chief Culture Officer is to develop and maintain the culture and work on ways to keep true to the core values that the company was founded on in the beginning—a flat organization, a lack of hierarchy, a collaborative environment. ^[92]

Philanthropy

Main article: Google.org

In 2004, Google formed a for-profit philanthropic wing, Google.org, with a start-up fund of US$1 billion. Googleorg is the charitable arm of Internet Search engine company Google. Googleorg is the charitable arm of Internet Search engine company Google. ^[93] The express mission of the organization is to create awareness about climate change, global public health, and global poverty. Climate change is any long-term significant change in the “average weather” that a given region experiences Poverty (also called penury) is deprivation of common necessities that determine the quality of life including food clothing shelter and safe Drinking water, and One of its first projects is to develop a viable plug-in hybrid electric vehicle that can attain 100 mpg. A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle ( PHEV) is a Hybrid vehicle with batteries that can be recharged by connecting a plug to an Electric power The Electric Vehicle was an American Automobile manufactured only in 1899 Fuel economy in automobiles is the amount of Fuel required to move the Automobile over a given Distance. The founding and current director is Dr. Larry Brilliant. Dr Lawrence "Larry" Brilliant is a physician epidemiologist, technologist author and philanthropist and the director of Google 's philanthropic arm ^[94]

Criticism

Main article: Criticism of Google

As it has grown, Google has found itself the focus of several controversies related to its business practices and services. Google has received criticism for various issues Copyright issues Kazaa seven and the Church of Scientology have used the Digital Millennium For example, Google Book Search's effort to digitize millions of books and make the full text searchable has led to copyright disputes with the Authors Guild. Google Book Search is a tool from Google that searches the full text of books that Google scans OCRs, and stores in its digital database Copyright is a legal concept enacted by Governments, giving the creator of an original work of authorship Exclusive rights to control its distribution usually for The Authors Guild is an advocacy organization of and for published authors Google's cooperation with the governments of China, and to a lesser extent France and Germany (regarding Holocaust denial) to filter search results in accordance to regional laws and regulations has led to claims of censorship. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Holocaust denial is the claim that the Genocide of Jews during World War II —usually referred to as The Holocaust —did not occur in the Censorship by Google is Google corporation's removal or lack of inclusion of information from its services in order to comply with local laws or with the company's policies Google's persistent cookie and other information collection practices have led to concerns over user privacy. HTTP cookies, or more commonly referred to as Web cookies tracking cookies or just cookies are parcels of text sent by a server to a Web client (usually Google has received criticism for various issues Copyright issues Kazaa seven and the Church of Scientology have used the Digital Millennium As of December 11, 2007, Google, like the Microsoft search engine, stores "personal information for 18 months" and by comparison, Yahoo! and AOL (Time Warner) "retain search requests for 13 months. Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer Time Warner Inc ( is the world's largest media and entertainment conglomerate, headquartered in New York City. "^[95] A number of Indian state governments have raised concerns about the security risks posed by geographic details provided by Google Earth's satellite imaging. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Google Earth is a Virtual globe program that was originally called Earth Viewer and was created by Keyhole Inc, a company acquired by Google in 2004 ^[96] Google has also been criticized by advertisers regarding its inability to combat click fraud, when a person or automated script is used to generate a charge on an advertisement without really having an interest in the product. Click fraud is a type of Internet crime that occurs in Pay per Industry reports in 2006 claim that approximately 14 to 20 percent of clicks were in fact fraudulent or invalid. ^[97] Further, Google has faced allegations of sexism and ageism from former employees. Sexism is the belief or attitude that one Gender or Sex is inferior to or less valuable than the other and can also refer to a Hatred or distrust towards Ageism is Stereotyping and Prejudice against individuals or groups because of their age ^[98][99] Google has also faced accusations in Harper's Magazine^[100] of being extremely excessive with their energy usage, and were accused of employing their "Don't be evil" motto as well as their very public energy saving campaigns as means of trying to cover up or make up for the massive amounts of energy their servers actually require. Harper's Magazine (also Harper's) is a monthly general-interest Magazine of literature politics culture finance and the arts " Don't be evil " is the informal corporate motto (or slogan for Google, originally suggested by Google employees Paul Buchheit and Amit Patel at a meeting According to Ginger Strand, the article's author, Google's own energy usage far outweighs the good of their energy savings campaigns.

See also

• Gmail - Google's free Web-Based e-mail service
• Google Translate - Google's Web translator
• Googlebot - Google's Web crawler
• Google China - Chinese subsidiary of Google Web search
• Google File System - Google's internal distributed file system
• Google Platform - Google's server and system hardware architecture with geographic references
• Google logo
• Google Reader
• Google search
• Search engine
• Google's hoaxes
• TrustRank
• Knol

References

Further reading

• David Vise and Mark Malseed (2005-11-15). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. The Google Story. Delacorte Press. ISBN 0-553-80457-X.  
• John Battelle (2005-09-08). John Linwood Battelle is a Journalist as well as founder and chairman of Federated Media Publishing Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz The Search: How Google and Its Rivals Rewrote the Rules of Business and Transformed Our Culture. Portfolio Hardcover. ISBN 1-59184-088-0.  

External links

• Google.com
• Corporate Homepage
• Official Google Blog
• On the Origins of Google
• Earliest known google website from 1998 - archive.org

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