"Hunt in the Mountains of Heaven," a painting by King Gongmin. Hanja is the Korean name for Chinese characters. More specifically it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language Romanization system in South Korea. McCune-Reischauer romanization is one of the two most widely used Korean language Romanization systems along with the Revised Romanization of Korean, which A pen name, nom de plume, or literary double, is a Pseudonym adopted by an Author or their publishers to conceal their identity Hanja is the Korean name for Chinese characters. More specifically it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language Romanization system in South Korea. McCune-Reischauer romanization is one of the two most widely used Korean language Romanization systems along with the Revised Romanization of Korean, which The name at birth is the name a child is given by his or her Parents according to a generally universal custom, and legal requirement to file a form of Birth Hanja is the Korean name for Chinese characters. More specifically it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language Romanization system in South Korea. McCune-Reischauer romanization is one of the two most widely used Korean language Romanization systems along with the Revised Romanization of Korean, which

King Gongmin (1330 – 1374) ruled Goryeo (Korea) from 1351 until 1374. The Goryeo Dynasty ( 918 - 1392) (also spelled Koryŏ was a Sovereign state established in 918 by Taejo Wang Kon. Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. He was the second son of King Chungsuk. King Chungsuk was king of the Goryeo kingdom, now part of Korea, from 1313–1330 and again from 1332–1339 In addition to his various Korean names (see right), he bore the Mongolian name Bayàn Temür (伯顔帖木兒). The Mongolian language (mn [[ImageMonggol kelesvg 17px]] Mongɣol kele, Cyrillic: Монгол хэл Mongol khel) is the best-known member of

Background

Goryeo had been a dependency of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty since Mongol invasion of Korea. The Yuan Dynasty ( Pinyin: Yuáncháo Dai Ön Ulus (Дай Юан Улс was a ruling Dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai The Mongol invasions of Korea (1231 - 1273 consisted of a series of campaigns by the Mongol Empire against Korea, then known as Goryeo, from 1231 to 1259 Starting with King Chungnyeol, prospective rulers of Korea married Mongol princesses and were customarily sent to the Yuan Court, in effect, as hostages. Chungnyeol of Goryeo (1236 &ndash 1308 r 1274-1308 was the 25th ruler of the Medieval Korean Kingdom of Goryeo. As per this custom, King Gongmin spent many years in the Yuan court, being sent there in 1341, before ascending the Korean throne. He married the Mongol princess Queen Noguk (노국대장공주, 魯國大長公主). But in the mid-14th century Yuan was beginning to crumble, soon to be replaced by the Ming dynasty in 1368. The Ming Dynasty ( or Empire of the Great Ming ( was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol -led

Reform

With the disintegration of Yuan, which had dominated the Korean peninsula since the Mongol invasions of Korea of 1238, Gongmin began efforts to reform Goryeo government. Physical geography See also Geography of North Korea, Geography of South Korea Mountains cover 70 percent of the Korean Peninsula and arable plains are The Mongol invasions of Korea (1231 - 1273 consisted of a series of campaigns by the Mongol Empire against Korea, then known as Goryeo, from 1231 to 1259 His first act was to remove all pro-Mongol aristocrats and military officers from their positions. These deposed people formed a dissident faction which plotted an unsuccessful coup against the king. High official Jo Il-sin even tried to take over the government, but this rebellion was put down by general Choe Yeong. Choe Yong (1316 &ndash 1388 was a Korean general born in Cheorwon, Gangwon Province in Goryeo (modern-day Korea)

During their invasions, between the 1250s and the 1270s, Mongols had annexed northern provinces of Korea and incorporated them into their empire as Ssangseong (쌍성총관부, 雙城摠管府) and Dongnyeong (동녕부, 東寧府). The Mongol invasions of Korea (1231 - 1273 consisted of a series of campaigns by the Mongol Empire against Korea, then known as Goryeo, from 1231 to 1259 South Hamgyŏng ( Hamgyŏng-namdo) is a province of North Korea. North P'yŏngan ( P'yŏngan-pukto) is a province of North Korea. In 1356s, Goryeo army retook these provinces partly thanks to defection from Yi Ja-chun, a minor Korean official in service of Mongols in Ssangseong, and his son Yi Seonggye. Yi Ja-chun ( Mongolian name Ulus Bukha 吾魯思不花 1315 &ndash 1360 was a minor officer of the Yuan Dynasty (later Goryeo Dynasty) and Taejo of Joseon ( October 11, 1335 &ndash May 24, 1408; r 1392-1398 born Yi Seong-gye, whose changed name is Yi Dan, was In addition, Generals Yi Seonggye and Ji Yongsu led a campaign into Liaoyang. Liaoyang ( is a city in China Liaoning province located in the middle of the heavily polluted Liaodong Peninsula.

A second internal problem was the question of land holdings. The land-grant system had broken down, and Mongol-favoured officials, along with a handful of landed gentry, owned the vast majority of agricultural land, which was worked by tenant farmers and bondsmen. However, King Gongmin's attempt at land reform was met with opposition and subterfuge from those officials who were supposed to implement his reforms, as they were landowners themselves.

The third problem was that the Wokou who had been troubling the peninsula for some time were no longer hit-and-run bandits, but had become well-organised military marauders raiding deep into the country. Generals Choe Yeong and Yi Seonggye were called upon by Gongmin to combat them.

The fourth problem were the Red Turban troops, which invaded Goryeo two times in the years(1359 and 1361). In 1361, the Red Turban troops occupied Kaesong for a short period, but escaped with bare life by general Choe Yeong, Yi Seonggye, Jeong Seun, Yi Bang-sil.

It was during the reign of Gongmin that a Goryeo diplomat stationed in China named Mun Ik-jeom managed to smuggle cotton seeds back into Goryeo, introducing them to the Korean peninsula for the first time. Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp

Death

After the death of his wife Queen Noguk in 1365, he got depressed in sadness. In the end, he was indifferent to politics and entrusted a great task to monk Sin Don (신돈, 辛旽). However, after six years, Shin Don lost his position.

Gongmin was famous for his predilection for falling in love with boys. Pederasty or paederasty refers to an erotic relationship sexually expressed or not between an adolescent boy and an adult male outside his immediate family He is reputed to have spent his time in the practice of Buddhism and relations with boys, establishing an organization for their recruitment. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices [1]

Goryeo's entrenched bureaucracy never forgave King Gongmin for his reform efforts. They interpreted his policy of cutting all ties with the Yuan and establishing relations with Ming China as a direct threat to their status and feared that further attempts at reform might yet be made. The Yuan Dynasty ( Pinyin: Yuáncháo Dai Ön Ulus (Дай Юан Улс was a ruling Dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai The Ming Dynasty ( or Empire of the Great Ming ( was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol -led China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Kaesong's deposed pro-Mongol faction battled to protect its position and hoped to renew ties with the Mongols who had helped them gain and hold their wealth in the first place. Kaesŏng ( Gaeseong) is a city in North Hwanghae Province southern North Korea (DPRK a former Directly Governed City, and the capital of in 1374, he was killed by his young men, Choe Man-saeng (최만생) and some young men he was recently having relations with. One of the young men, Hong Ryun (홍륜) had relations with one of Gongmin's concubines, which led to Gongmin's anger. So before Gongmin could kill him, Hong Ryun and Choi Man-Seng killed Gongmin in his sleep.

After his death, a high official Yi In-im was assume the helm of government. and Yi enthrone the eleven-year-old King U. U of Goryeo (often written Woo, 1363 &ndash 1389 ruled Goryeo ( Korea) from 1374 until 1388

Although he did not receive a temple name of an emperor, because the political situation of the time following his death did not recognize him as such, he proclaimed himself an emperor as a part of reformations he undertook in order to reinstate Goryeo's position as an independent nation.

The Korean TV drama Sin Don features a depiction of King Gongmin. Korean drama (한국드라마 refers to televised dramas similar to Western Miniseries, produced in the Korean language for Korean audiences

See also

• List of Korea-related topics
• History of Korea
• List of Korean monarchs