This article is about the musical instrument. A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. See also slit gong, and for other uses of the word, see gong (disambiguation). A Slit gong, sometimes also called "slit drum" is a Log Drum used throughout Africa, Southeast Asia, and Oceania.

A gong is an East Asian musical instrument that takes the form of a flat metal disc which is hit with a mallet.

Gongs are broadly of three types. Suspended gongs are more or less flat, circular discs of metal suspended vertically by means of a cord passed through holes near to the top rim. Bossed gongs have a raised center boss and are often suspended and played horizontally. Bowl gongs are bowl-shaped, and rest on cushions and belong more to bells than gongs. Gongs are made mainly from bronze or brass but there are many other alloys in use. Bronze is any of a broad range of Copper alloys, usually with Tin as the main additive but sometimes with other elements such as Phosphorus Brass is any Alloy of Copper and Zinc; the proportions of zinc and copper can be varied to create a range of brasses with varying properties Cymbals are made from four main Alloys, all of them Copper -based

A gong collection in a Gamelan ensemble of instruments - Indonesian Embassy Canberra

An agung, a type of Philippine hanging gong used as part of the Kulintang ensemble

Types of gong

Suspended gongs are played with beaters and are of two main types: flat faced discs either with or without a turned edge, and gongs with a raised center boss. A gamelan is a musical ensemble of Indonesia typically featuring a variety of instruments such as metallophones xylophones drums and gongs bamboo flutes bowed and Canberra ( is the capital city of Australia With a population of over 340000 it is Australia's largest inland City. The agung is a set of two wide-rimmed vertically-suspended Gongs used by the Maguindanao, Maranao and Tausug people of the Philippines The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Kulintang is a modern term for an instrumental form of music composed on a row of small horizontally-laid Gongs that function melodically accompanied by larger suspended In general, the larger the gong, the larger and softer the beater. In Western symphonic music the flat faced gongs are generally referred to as tam-tams to distinguish them from their bossed counterparts, although the term "gong" is correct to use for either type. The gong has been an ancient chinese custom for many eras. They are used to start the beginning of sumo wrestling contests. They were first used to signal peasant workers in from the fields as some gongs are loud enough to hear from up to 50 miles away.

Large flat gongs may be 'primed' by lightly hitting them before the main stroke, greatly enhancing the sound and causing the instrument to "speak" sooner, with a shorter delay for the sound to "bloom". Keeping this priming stroke inaudible calls for a great deal of skill. The smallest suspended gongs are played with bamboo sticks, or even western-style drumsticks. Contemporary & avant-garde music, where different sounds are sought, will often use friction mallets (producing squeals & harmonics), bass bows (producing long tones and high overtones), and various striking implements (wood/plastic/metal) to produce the desired tones.

Traditional suspended gongs

Chau gongs

The Familiar "Chinese" Gong (A 10" Chau Gong).

By far the most familiar to most Westerners is the chau gong or bullseye gong. Large chau gongs, called tam-tams (not to be confused with tom-tom drums), have become part of the symphony orchestra. A tom-tom (not to be confused with a Tamtam) is a cylindrical Drum with no snare. An orchestra is an instrumental ensemble, usually fairly large with string brass woodwind sections and possibly a percussion section as well Sometimes a chau gong is referred to as a Chinese gong, but in fact it is only one of many types of suspended gongs that are associated with China.

The chau gong is made of copper-based alloy, bronze or brass. It is almost flat except for the rim, which is turned up to make a shallow cylinder. On a 10" gong, for example, the rim extends about a half an inch perpendicular to the gong surface. The main surface is slightly concave when viewed from the direction to which the rim is turned. The centre spot and the rim of a chau gong are left coated on both sides with the black copper oxide that forms during the manufacture of the gong, the rest of the gong is polished to remove this coating. Chau gongs range in size from 7" to 80" in diameter.

The earliest Chau gong is from a tomb discovered at the Guixian site in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China. It dates from the early Western Han Dynasty.

Traditionally, chau gongs were used to clear the way for important officials and processions, much like a police siren today. Sometimes the number of strokes on the gong was used to indicate the seniority of the official. In this way, two officials meeting unexpectedly on the road would know before the meeting which of them should bow down before the other.

Uses of gongs in the symphony orchestra

Richard Wagner was one of the first composers to use the tam-tam in his works. Within a few decades the tam-tam became an important member of the percussion section of a modern symphony orchestra. Fine examples of its use are demonstrated in the symphonies of Gustav Mahler, Dmitri Shostakovich and, to a lesser extent, Sergei Rachmaninov. Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich ( Russian: ru Дмитрий Дмитриевич Шостакович ( &ndash 9 August 1975 was a Russian Composer WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Sergei Vasilievich Rachmaninoff (Сергей Васильевич Рахманинов Karlheinz Stockhausen used a 60" Paiste tam-tam in his Momente. Paiste, a Swiss manufacturer and designer is one of the world's largest manufacturers of Cymbals Gongs and metal Momente is a work by the German composer Karlheinz Stockhausen, written between 1962 and 1969, scored for solo Soprano, four mixed Puccini as mentioned before used both Gongs and Tam-tams in his Operas.

Nipple gongs

A very large nipple gong at a Buddhist temple in Roi Et, Isan, Thailand

Nipple gongs have a raised boss or nipple in the centre, often made of a different metal to the rest of the gong. Roi Et (ร้อยเอ็ด is one of the provinces ( changwat) of Thailand, located in the North-East of Thailand Isan ( Isan /อีสาน also written as Isaan Isarn Issan or Esarn is the northeast region of Thailand. The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj They have a clear resonant tone with less shimmer than other gongs, and two distinct sounds depending on whether they are struck on the boss or next to it. They most often are tuned to various pitches.

Nipple gongs range in size from 6" to 14" or larger. Sets of smaller, tuned nipple gongs can be used to play a tune.

A Bau gong is a type of nipple gong used in Chinese temples for worship.

Opera gongs

An essential part of the orchestra for Chinese opera is a pair of gongs, the larger with a descending tone, the smaller with a rising tone. An orchestra is an instrumental ensemble, usually fairly large with string brass woodwind sections and possibly a percussion section as well Chinese Opera ( Chinese: 戏曲/戲曲 Pinyin: xìqǔ is a popular form of Drama and Musical theatre in China with roots going back The larger gong is used to announce the entrance of major players, of men, and to identify points of drama and consequence. The smaller gong is used to announce the entry of lesser players, of women, and to identify points of humour.

Opera gongs range in size from 7" to 12", with the larger of a pair one or two inches larger than the smaller.

Pasi gongs

A Pasi gong is a medium-size gong 12" to 15" in size, with a crashing sound. It is used traditionally to announce the start of a performance, play or magic. Construction varies, some having nipples and some not, so this type is more named for its function than for its structure or even its sound.

Pasi gongs without nipples have found favour with adventurous middle-of-the-road kit drummers. A drummer is a Musician who plays a Drum or drums particularly a Drum kit ("drum set" or "trap set" Marching percussion

Tiger gong

A tiger gong is a slightly descending or less commonly ascending gong, larger than an opera gong and with a less pronounced pitch shift. Most commonly 15" but available down to 8".

Shueng Kwong

A Sheng Kwong gong is a medium to large gong with a sharp staccato sound. In Musical notation, the Italian word staccato (literally detached, plural staccatos or staccati) indicates that notes

Wind gong

Wind gongs (also known as Feng or Lion Gongs) are flat bronze discs, with little fundamental pitch, heavy tuned overtones, and long sustain. They are most commonly made of B20 bronze, but can also be made of M63 brass or NS12 nickel-silver. Traditionally, a wind gong is played with a large soft mallet, which gives them a roaring crash to match their namesake. They are lathed on both sides and are medium to large in size, typically 15" to 22" but sizes from 7" to 40" are available. The 22" size is most popular due to its portability and large sound. They are commonly used by drum kit drummers in rock music.

Played with a nylon tip drumstick they sound a bit like the coil chimes in a mantle clock. Some have holes in the centre, but they are mounted like all suspended gongs by other holes near the rim. The smaller sizes (7"-12") have a more bell-like tone due to their thickness and small diameter.

Other uses

In older Javanese usage and in modern Balinese usage, gong is used to identify an ensemble of instruments. Java (Jawa is an Island of Indonesia and the site of its Capital city Jakarta. Bali is an Indonesian Island located at, the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands, lying between Java to the west and Lombok to In contemporary central Javanese usage, the term gamelan is preferred and the term gong is reserved for the gong ageng, the largest instrument of the type, or for surrogate instruments such as the gong komodong or gong bumbu (blown gong) which fill the same musical function in ensembles lacking the large gong. A gamelan is a musical ensemble of Indonesia typically featuring a variety of instruments such as metallophones xylophones drums and gongs bamboo flutes bowed and The gong ageng ( Kromo Javanese meaning large gong ngoko is gong gedhe) is the largest Gong in a Javanese and Balinese Gamelan. Bumbu is a district in Kinshasa, the Capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In Balinese usage, gong refers to Gamelan Gong Kebyar. Gamelan gong kebyar is a modern style or genre of Balinese Gamelan music.

Another type of drum is the "slit gong" or slit drum. The drum is a member of the percussion group technically classified as a Membranophone. A Slit gong, sometimes also called "slit drum" is a Log Drum used throughout Africa, Southeast Asia, and Oceania. A slit drum is a hollow Percussion instrument, usually of Bamboo or wood which is made more Resonant through one or more slits in it The people of Vanuatu in particular, cut a large log with 'totem' type carvings on the outer surface and hollow out the centre leaving only a slit down the front. Vanuatu, officially the Republic of Vanuatu ( French: République de Vanuatu, Bislama: Ripablik blong Vanuatu) is an Island This hollowed out log gives the deep resonance of drums when hit on the outside with sticks.

Gongs - general

A gong (Chinese: 鑼; pinyin: luó; Malay language or Javanese language: gong-gong or tam-tam) is a percussion sonorous or musical instrument of Chinese origin and manufacture, made in the form of a broad thin disk with a deep rim, that has spread to Southeast Asia - a type of flat bell. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use The Malay language ( ISO 639-1 code MS is an Austronesian language spoken by the Malay people and people of other ethnic groups who reside in the Javanese is the language of the people in the central and eastern parts of the island of Java, in Indonesia. A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National

Gongs vary in diameter from about 20 to 40 inches, and they are made of bronze containing a maximum of 22 parts of tin to 78 of copper; but in many cases the proportion of tin is considerably less. Bronze is any of a broad range of Copper alloys, usually with Tin as the main additive but sometimes with other elements such as Phosphorus Tin is a Chemical element with the symbol Sn (stannum and Atomic number 50 Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 Such an alloy, when cast and allowed to cool slowly, is excessively brittle, but it can be tempered and annealed in a peculiar manner. An alloy is a Solid solution or Homogeneous mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a Metal, which itself has Tempering is a Heat treatment technique for metals and Alloys In Steels tempering is done to "toughen" the metal by transforming brittle Annealing, in Metallurgy and Materials science, is a Heat treatment wherein a material is altered causing changes in its properties such as strength If suddenly cooled from a cherry-red heat, the alloy becomes so soft that it can be hammered and worked on the lathe, and afterwards it may be hardened by re-heating and cooling it slowly. A lathe (ˈleɪð is a Machine tool which spins a block of material to perform various operations such as Cutting, Sanding, Knurling In these properties it will be observed, the alloy behaves in a manner exactly opposite to steel, and the Chinese avail themselves of the known peculiarities for preparing the thin sheets of which gongs are made. Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 They cool their castings of bronze in water, and after hammering out the alloy in the soft state, harden the finished gongs by heating them to a cherry-red and allowing them to cool slowly. These properties of the alloy long remained a secret, said to have been first discovered in Europe by Jean Pierre Joseph d'Arcet at the beginning of the 19th century. Riche and Champion are said to have succeeded in producing tam-tams having all the qualities and timbre of the Chinese instruments. The composition of the alloy of bronze used for making gongs is stated to be as follows: Copper, 76. 52; Tin, 22. 43; Lead, 0. 26; Zinc, 0. 23; Iron, 0. 81. The gong is beaten with a round, hard, leather-covered pad, fitted on a short stick or handle. It emits a peculiarly sonorous sound, its complex vibrations bursting into a wave-like succession of tones, sometimes shrill, sometimes deep. Pitch represents the perceived Fundamental frequency of a sound In China and Japan it is used in religious ceremonies, state processions, marriages and other festivals; and it is said that the Chinese can modify its tone variously by particular ways of striking the disk. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.

The gong has been effectively used in the orchestra to intensify the impression of fear and horror in melodramatic scenes. An orchestra is an instrumental ensemble, usually fairly large with string brass woodwind sections and possibly a percussion section as well The tam-tam was first introduced into a western orchestra by François Joseph Gossec in the funeral march composed at the death of Mirabeau in 1791. François-Joseph Gossec ( January 17, 1734 — February 16, 1829) was a Belgian composer of operas string quartets symphonies Honoré Gabriel Riqueti Comte de Mirabeau ( March 9, 1749 &ndash April 2, 1791) was a French writer popular orator and statesman Year 1791 ( MDCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Gaspare Spontini used it in La Vestale (1807), in the finale of Act II, an impressive scene in which the high pontiff pronounces the anathema on the faithless vestal. Gaspare Luigi Pacifico Spontini ( 14 November, 1774 &ndash 24 January, 1851) was an Italian Opera Composer It was also used in the funeral music played when the remains of Napoleon were brought back to France in 1840. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. Meyerbeer made use of the instrument in the scene of the resurrection of the three nuns in Robert le diable. Giacomo Meyerbeer ( September 5, 1791 &ndash May 2, 1864) was a noted German -born Opera Composer, and Four tam-tams are now used at Bayreuth in Parsifal to reinforce the bell instruments, although there is no indication given in the score. Bayreuthfestjpg|thumb|350px|right|Bayreuth Festspielhaus as seen in 1882 Parsifal is an Opera, or Music drama, in three acts by Richard Wagner. The tam-tam has been treated from its ethnographical side by Franz Heger. In more modern music, the tam-tam has been used by composers such as Karlheinz Stockhausen in Mikrophonie I (1964-65) and by George Crumb. Mikrophonie is the title given by Karlheinz Stockhausen to two of his compositions written in 1964 and 1965 in which “normally inaudible vibrations. George Crumb (born October 24, 1929) is an American Composer of modern and Avant garde music Crumb expanded the timbral range of the tam-tam by giving performance directions (in Makrokosmos III: Music For A Summer Evening, composed in 1974) such as using a "well-rosined contrabass bow" to bow the tam-tam, producing an eerie harmonic sound, while Stockhausen exploited amplification (via hand-held microphones) of a wide range of scraping, tapping, rubbing, and beating techniques using unconventional implements (plastic dishes, egg timer, cardboard tubes, etc. ).

Signal gongs

Railcar mounted

The signal bell mounted on a tram, streetcar, cable car or light rail train is known as a gong. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train A cable car or cable railway is a Mass transit system using rail cars that are propelled by a continuously moving cable running at a constant speed For specific light rail systems many of which use the words "light rail" as part of their name see List of light-rail transit systems. It is a bowl-shaped bell typically mounted on the front of the leading car. It is sounded to act as a warning in areas where whistles and horns are prohibited. The "Clang" of the trolley refers to the sound made by the warning gong. In the Tram controls, the gong is operated by a foot lever. The following article describes the controls on electric rather than steam Trams Overview The operation of trams is relatively simple A smaller gong with a bell pull is mounted by the rear door of these railcars. It operated by the conductor to notify the motorman that it is safe to proceed. Train Conductor (North America The Conductor is the railway employee charged with the management of a freight passenger or various other types of Train, and is See Operation Motorman for the British Army operation in Northern Ireland A motorman is the person who operates an electrified trolley

Rail crossing

A railroad crossing with a flashing traffic signal or wigwag will also typically have a warning bell, also known as a gong. The term level crossing (also called a railroad crossing, road through railroad, railway crossing, train crossing or grade crossing The traffic light, also known as traffic signal, stop light, traffic lamp, stop-and-go lights, robot or semaphore, Wigwag is the nickname given to a type of early 20th century railroad Grade crossing signal, so named due to the Pendulum -like motion it The gong is struck by an electric-powered hammer to give motorists and pedestrians an audible warning of an oncoming train. Many railroad crossing gongs are now being replaced by electronic sounding devices that have no moving parts to fail.

Boxing (sport)

A bowl-shaped center mounted gong is standard equipment in a boxing ring and is known as a gong. A boxing ring is the space in which a Boxing match occurs A modern ring which is set on a raised platform is square with a post at each corner to which four parallel It is struck with a hammer to signal the start and end of each round. An example is made by the Everlast boxing equipment company. Everlast is a brand name of Boxing equipment manufacturer based in New York. [1] The expression "saved by the bell" refers to the gong sounding the end of a boxing round.

Theater

Electromechanical, electromagnetic or electronic devices producing sound of gong have been installed in Czech theaters to gather audience from lounge to auditorium before show begins or proceeds after interlude. ^{[1] [2] [3]}

Time Signal

German radio uses the gong sound to mark the exact time. ^[4]

Gongs in popular culture

Gongs have been used in upper class households as waking devices, or to summon domestic help.

T. Rex (Marc Bolan) had a hit song on his album Electric Warrior called Get it On (Bang a Gong). TRex (occasionally spelled T Rex or T-Rex) were an English rock band fronted by guitarist singer and songwriter Marc Bolan. Marc Bolan (born Mark Feld; 30 September 1947 – 16 September 1977) was an English singer songwriter and Guitarist

A man hitting a gong twice starts all Rank films. The Rank Organisation was a British Entertainment company formed in 1937 and absorbed in 1996 by The Rank Group This iconic figure is known as the "gongman. The Gongman (also known as the "man-with-the-gong" is a company trademark for the Rank Organisation. "

The Moody Blues' landmark album Days of Future Passed opens with a crescendo roll on tam-tam, and closes with a single stroke which fades to silence. The Moody Blues are an English psychedelic rock band originally from Erdington in the city of Birmingham. Days of Future Passed, The Moody Blues ' second official album (released in 1967 was their first of what would be a succession of Concept albums It was

Queen's classic song "Bohemian Rhapsody" ends with the sound of a massive tam-tam. Queen were an English rock band formed in 1970 in London by guitarist is a Song written by Freddie Mercury and originally recorded by the band Queen for their 1975 album ''A Night at the Opera''. Roger Taylor is known for having one of the biggest tam-tams in rock. [2]

A gong is played in the song "What Is and What Should Never Be" by Led Zeppelin. " What Is and What Should Never Be " is a song by English rock band Led Zeppelin on their 1969 album Led Zeppelin II Led Zeppelin were The gong is also the last instrument played in the live version of "Whole Lotta Love". " Whole Lotta Love " is a song by English rock band Led Zeppelin.

A gong is also played at the end of the song "Dream On" by Aerosmith. Aerosmith is an American Hard rock band sometimes referred to as "The Bad Boys from Boston " and "America's Greatest Rock and Roll Band"

In The Addams Family television show, the sound of the gong (activated by a bell pull) would summon Lurch the family butler. The Addams Family is an American Television series based on the characters in Charles Addams ' ''New Yorker'' cartoons. LURCH is a tool for software design debugging that uses a Nondeterministic algorithm to quickly explore the reachable states of a software model Upon appearing, Lurch would utter his basso profundo catchphrase, "You Rang?"

A gong was the titular feature on The Gong Show, a television variety show/game show spoof that was broadcast in the United States from 1976 until 1980. A catch phrase (or catchphrase) is a phrase or expression recognized by its repeated utterance This article is about the show which aired in the 1970s and 1980s A variety show or variety entertainment is an entertainment made up of a variety of acts especially Musical performances and Comedy Skits and The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) The gong was used to signal the failure of an act by the show's panel.

John Bonham used a gong in the piece Moby Dick by Led Zeppelin. John Henry "Bonzo" Bonham (May 31 1948 – September 25 1980 was an English Drummer and member of the band Led Zeppelin. Led Zeppelin were

Roger Waters used a gong on stage with Pink Floyd in concerts from 1967-1973 on A Saucerful of Secrets and Set the Controls for the Heart of the Sun. George Roger Waters (born 6 September 1943 in Great Bookham, Surrey) is an English rock musician Pink Floyd are " A Saucerful of Secrets " is a multi-part instrumental by the rock band Pink Floyd from an album of the same name, released in 1968. " Set the Controls for the Heart of the Sun " is a song by British Psychedelic rock band Pink Floyd, and is featured on their second album The latter was when the gong would burst into flames during live performances.

An eerie gong sounds in WWE superstar The Undertaker's entrance music as well as in the older versions. Mark William Calaway (born March 24 1965 is an American professional wrestler, better known by his Ring name The Undertaker.

In the British military "gong" is slang for a medal. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located

The "sun gong" used in the annual Paul Winter Winter Solstice Celebration held at the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine, New York is claimed to be the world's largest tam tam gong at 7 feet in diameter. Paul Winter (born August 31, 1939 in Altoona Pennsylvania) is an American saxophonist (alto and soprano saxophone and is a six-time The Cathedral of St John the Divine, officially the Cathedral Church of Saint John the Divine in the City and Diocese of New York, is the Cathedral of the Episcopal Diocese (See the text for #1 image[3])

List of Gongs

Gandingan

• Agung
• Babendil
• Bonang
• Coil Gong
• Gandingan
• Gong ageng
• Kempul
• Kempyang and ketuk
• Kenong
• Khong mon
• Kulintang
• chau gong
• nipple gong (boa gong)
• feng gong
• tam tam
• paiste symphonic
• flat gong
• rin gong
• Umpan

References

• Luobowan Han Dynasty Tombs in Guixian County (Guangxi Zuang A. The gandingan is a Philippine set of four large hanging Gongs used specifically by the Maguindanao as part of their kulintang ensemble. The agung is a set of two wide-rimmed vertically-suspended Gongs used by the Maguindanao, Maranao and Tausug people of the Philippines The babendil is a single narrow-rimmed Philippine Gong used primary as the “timekeeper” of the Maguindanao Kulintang ensemble The bonang is a musical instrument used in the Javanese Gamelan. The gandingan is a Philippine set of four large hanging Gongs used specifically by the Maguindanao as part of their kulintang ensemble. The gong ageng ( Kromo Javanese meaning large gong ngoko is gong gedhe) is the largest Gong in a Javanese and Balinese Gamelan. A kempul is a type of hanging Gong used in Indonesian Gamelan. "Ketuk" redirects here for the village in Azerbaijan see Ağgədik. The kenong is one of the instruments used in the Indonesian Gamelan. The khōng mōn (ฆ้องมอญ is a gong-circle instrument which is associated with the Mon people of mainland Southeast Asia. Kulintang is a modern term for an instrumental form of music composed on a row of small horizontally-laid Gongs that function melodically accompanied by larger suspended This article is about the Internet Protocol Television channel Singing bowls (also known as 'Himalayan bowls' or 'rin' or Suzu gongs in Japan are a type of bell, specifically classified as a standing bell An umpan is a flat Gong, usually Bronze, which is rung at mealtime in a Zen Monastery. R. ), by the Museum of the Guangxi Zhuang Nationality (1988, Beijing)
• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone

1. ^ Palantir
2. ^ Webmagazín Rozhledna .::. nezávislý kulturně-společenský deník
3. ^ Město Rumburk - oficiální stránky města
4. ^ http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gong

External links

• Traditional Music of the Southern Philippines - An online textbook about Southern Pilipino Kulintang Music with an extensive section devoted to the Philippine gongs: the kulintang, gandingan, agung and the babendil.
• Handmade hammered Gongs from Nepal - Various plain and nipple gongs manufactured in Nepal with various decorations and engravings.
• Video of Cambodian Tribal Gongs being played

See also

• Space of Gong culture in the Central Highlands of Vietnam
• Dong Son drum