Golden lined whiting
Golden lined whiting
Conservation status
Least Concern
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes Suborder: Percoidea Family: Sillaginidae Genus: Sillago Species: S. The conservation status of a Species is an indicator of the likelihood of that species remaining extant either in the present day or the near future Least Concern ( LC) is an IUCN category assigned to extant species or lower taxa which have been evaluated but do not qualify for any other category Chordates ( Phylum Chordata) are a group of Animals that includes the Vertebrates together with several closely related Invertebrates The Actinopterygii (the plural form of Actinopterygius) comprise the class of the ray-finned fishes. The Perciformes, also called the Percomorphi or Acanthopteri, include about 40% of all bony Fish and are the largest order of vertebrates. Percoidea is a Superfamily of Fish of the order Perciformes. The Sillaginidae, commonly known as the smelt-whitings, whitings, sillaginids, sand borers and sand-smelts, are a family Sillago is one of three genera in the family Sillaginidae containing the smelt-whitings and contains 29 Species, making Sillago the analis
Binomial name
Sillago analis Whitley, 1943
Range of the Golden lined whiting

The Golden lined whiting, Sillago analis, (also known as the Tin Can Bay whiting or Rough-scale whiting) is a locally important species of smelt-whiting that inhabits the coastlines of northern Australia and lower Papua New Guinea. Gilbert Percy Whitley ( 9 June 1903 – 18 July 1975) was a British-born Australian ichthyologist who was effectively Curator The Sillaginidae, commonly known as the smelt-whitings, whitings, sillaginids, sand borers and sand-smelts, are a family For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Papua New Guinea (or ˈpæpjuːə in Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini) officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania The golden lined whiting can be more readily distinguished by its colour than other whitings in the genus Sillago, although swim bladder morphology and spine and ray counts are the most precise method of identification. The species is important to fisheries centered around Shark Bay in Western Australia and also in Queensland. See also - Shark Bay for other uses of the term Shark Bay is a World heritage site in the Gascoyne region of Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. Queensland is a state of Australia, occupying the north-eastern corner of the mainland continent

Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Anatomy 3 Range and habitat 4 Biology 4.1 Diet 4.2 Reproduction 5 Importance to humans 6 References 7 External links

Taxonomy

The Golden lined whiting is a member of the genus Sillago, which contain 29 other species. A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic Sillago is one of three genera in the family Sillaginidae containing the smelt-whitings and contains 29 Species, making Sillago the It is part of the Sillaginidae family which is a division of the Percoidea, a suborder of the Perciformes. The Sillaginidae, commonly known as the smelt-whitings, whitings, sillaginids, sand borers and sand-smelts, are a family Percoidea is a Superfamily of Fish of the order Perciformes. This article is about the taxonomic rank for the sequence of species in a taxonomic list see Taxonomic order In scientific classification used The Perciformes, also called the Percomorphi or Acanthopteri, include about 40% of all bony Fish and are the largest order of vertebrates. ^[1]

The species was named by Whitley in 1943 as Sillago analis, designating a specimen collected at Shark Bay as the holotype. Gilbert Percy Whitley ( 9 June 1903 – 18 July 1975) was a British-born Australian ichthyologist who was effectively Curator See also - Shark Bay for other uses of the term Shark Bay is a World heritage site in the Gascoyne region of A holotype is one of several possible Biological types A type is what fixes a name to a Taxon. Another currently valid species of Sillaginid, Sillago nierstraszi is according McKay (1985) almost certainly a senior synonym of S. The rough whiting, Sillago nierstraszi, is a dubious Species of Coastal marine Fish in the smelt-whiting family In Scientific nomenclature, synonyms are different Scientific names used for a single Taxon. analis. The holotype for S. nierstraszi has not been examined by McKay, however, and uncertainty about this relationship remains. ^[2]

S. analis has a three local names used in northern Australia, with 'Golden lined whiting' the most prevalent. 'Tin Can Bay whiting' is applied to the species in parts of Queensland, referring to the locality of the same name in that state, while the name 'Rough-scale whiting is also used in parts of Western Australia. Tin Can Bay is a town in south east Queensland, Australia. The seaside town is located on a deep but narrow sheltered inlet in the Gympie Local Government Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. ^[3]

Anatomy

The Golden lined whiting has a very similar profile to other members of the genus Sillago, with a slightly compressed, elongate body tapering toward the terminal mouth. It differs from some members of the genus in that its ventral profile is more rounded than most other species, which tend to have a flat profile. In fields of Anatomy, anatomical terms of location are descriptive terms to help identify relative positions or directions within a species The number of spines and rays, vertebrae and swim bladder morphology are other distinguishing features. The Anatomy of Fish is primarily governed by the physical characteristics of Water, which is much denser than air holds a relatively small amount of dissolved The Anatomy of Fish is primarily governed by the physical characteristics of Water, which is much denser than air holds a relatively small amount of dissolved A vertebra (plural vertebrae) is an individual Irregular bone in the spinal or Vertebral column ( aka ischis a flexuous and flexible column gas bladder (also fish maw, less accurately swim bladder or air bladder) is an internal organ that contributes to the ability of a Fish S. analis has a first dorsal fin consisting of 11 spines followed by a second dorsal fin consisting of one spine and between 16 and 18 soft rays. A dorsal fin is a Fin located on the backs of some Fishes Whales Dolphins and Porpoises as well as the (extinct The anal fin has 2 spines followed by 14 to 17 soft rays. The Anatomy of Fish is primarily governed by the physical characteristics of Water, which is much denser than air holds a relatively small amount of dissolved Over the distribution of the species, the vertebrae number differs, with fish in Western Australia having 33 and those in south east Queensland having one or two additional modified vertebrae. A vertebra (plural vertebrae) is an individual Irregular bone in the spinal or Vertebral column ( aka ischis a flexuous and flexible column Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. Queensland is a state of Australia, occupying the north-eastern corner of the mainland continent Also varying over the range is the lateral line scale count, with Western Australian fish having less than Queensland fish, with the range for the species between 54 and 61 scales. In Fish, the lateral line is a Sense organ used to detect movement and vibration in the surrounding water In most biological nomenclature a scale ( Greek lepid, Latin squama) is a small rigid plate that grows out of an Animal ^[2]

The swim bladder of the species is very similar and in some cases indistinguishable from a related species, Sillago ciliata, with the anterior part of the swim bladder having rudimentary tubules projecting anteriorly and a lateral series of tubules that diminishes in size and become sawtooth-like, projecting posteriorly. gas bladder (also fish maw, less accurately swim bladder or air bladder) is an internal organ that contributes to the ability of a Fish In fields of Anatomy, anatomical terms of location are descriptive terms to help identify relative positions or directions within a species A tubule is a very small Tube or Fistular structure A system of surface-connected membranes in muscle that enables a nerve impulse to travel to the interior of In fields of Anatomy, anatomical terms of location are descriptive terms to help identify relative positions or directions within a species The sawtooth wave (or saw wave) is a kind of Non-sinusoidal waveform. In fields of Anatomy, anatomical terms of location are descriptive terms to help identify relative positions or directions within a species ^[3]

The Golden lined whiting's common name is derived from its colour, having a dull golden-silver to golden-yellow band running longitudinally on the sides below the lateral line. The body is an overall silver colour, being slightly darker above. The pelvic and anal fins are pale to bright yellow, while the pectoral fin has a darker dusting of fine black-brown spots with no black spot at the base. The Anatomy of Fish is primarily governed by the physical characteristics of Water, which is much denser than air holds a relatively small amount of dissolved ^[2]

Range and habitat

The Golden lined whiting is primarily located along the northern coastline of Australia, from Shark Bay in Western Australia north along the coastline of the Northern Territory, around the Queensland coastline to Moreton Bay. See also - Shark Bay for other uses of the term Shark Bay is a World heritage site in the Gascoyne region of The Northern Territory is a federal territory of Australia, occupying much of the center of the mainland continent as well as the central northern regions Moreton Bay is a large bay on the eastern coast of Australia 19 km from Brisbane, Queensland. The species also extends north to the south coast of Papua New Guinea, although inhabits a small range. Papua New Guinea (or ˈpæpjuːə in Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini) officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania ^[3]

The species prefers shallow, protected waters up to a maximum of 10 m depth, often inhabiting protected embayments. Headlands and bays are two related features of the coastal environment ^[4] The juveniles tend to remain in the warmer, shallow waters of protected inlets, mangroves and estuaries, often with other species of whiting. A juvenile is an individual Organism that has not yet reached its Adult form Sexual maturity or size Mangroves (generally are Trees and Shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the Tropics and Subtropics. An estuary is a semi-enclosed Coastal body of Water with one or more Rivers or Streams flowing into it and with a free connection to the open Adults prefer to inhabit protected muddy tidal streams where they forage in the silty substrate, while other species of whiting in the range move to open tidal sand flats. In computer gaming, a MUD ( Multi-User Dungeon, Domain or Dimension) is a multi-player computer game that combines elements of Silt is Soil or rock derived Granular material of a Grain size between sand and clay Stream substrate ( Sediment) is the material that rests at the bottom of a Stream. ^[5]

Biology

Diet

The diet of the Golden lined whiting varies along its range, however it takes similar food and shows the same transition in prey items during its lifetime throughout its distribution. Juvenile fish tend to take a mixture of polychaetes which they 'plough' from the sand,^[3] small bivalves, including Mesodesma eltanae and Glauconome virens as well as amphipods while at lengths less that 80 mm. The Polychaeta or polychaetes are a class of Annelid worms generally marine Sand is a naturally occurring Granular material composed of finely divided rock and Mineral particles Bivalves are Molluscs belonging to the class Bivalvia. They have two-part shells and typically both valves are symmetrical along the hinge line Amphipoda (amphipods are an order of animals that includes over 7000 described Species of Shrimp -like Crustaceans ranging from 1 mm to 140 mm Adult fish tend to take larger prey, predominantly larger bivalves with small quantities of penaeids and brachyuran crabs, which corresponds to a dentitional change to molariform crushing plates. Penaeidae is a family of Prawns although they are often referred to as penaeid shrimp. Crabs are decapod Crustaceans of the infraorder Brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting "tail" (βραχύ / brachy Dentition is the development of Teeth and their arrangement in the Mouth. ^[6] Studies by Brewer et al (1992) have shown that the Golden lined whiting is an opportunistic nocturnal hunter, taking the most vulnerable, easily accessible prey. As an Animal behavior, nocturnality describes sleeping during the Daytime and being active at Night - the opposite of the diurnal This may because they are relatively abundant, poorly shelled or unable to escape quickly. The most commonly caught prey at night were crustaceans, while buried annelids were ignored and molluscs were left alone except for taking the unprotected siphon tips of a species of bivalve; Glauconome virens. Structure of crustaceans As Arthropods crustaceans have a stiff Exoskeleton, which must be shed to allow the animal to grow ( Ecdysis or molting The annelids, collectively called Annelida (from Latin anellus "little ring" are a large phylum of Animals comprising Molluscs are animals belonging to the phylum Mollusca. There are around 250000 extant Species within the phylum with an estimated 70000 A siphon (also spelled syphon) is a continuous tube that allows liquid to drain from a reservoir through an intermediate point that is higher than the reservoir the flow being ^[7] A study on the diet of young S. analis from a mangrove tidal flat in Deception Bay in Queensland has shown that the siphon tips of this mollusc comprise the majority of most fish's diet, with very few other molluscs taken whole. Mangroves (generally are Trees and Shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the Tropics and Subtropics. Mudflats (also tidal flats, tide flats, etc are coastal wetlands that form when mud is deposited by tides or rivers Deception Bay is a suburb north of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Adult fish greater than 200 mm had no siphons in their diet however, electing to take larger molluscs, annelids or crustaceans. ^[8]

Reproduction

S. analis spawns between the months of January and March. The females of the species are larger than the males when they reach maturity, attaining a length of 216 mm compared to males 184 mm. Female (♀ is the Sex of an Organism, or a part of an organism which produces ova (egg cells Male (♂ refers to the sex of an organism or part of an organism which produces small mobile Gametes called spermatozoa. Twenty percent of the females and 60% of the males of S. analis reach maturity by the end of their second year of life, with all individuals mature by the end of the third. ^[9]

Juveniles of the species inhabit shallow shores including lower sections of creeks and rivers, favouring muddy-sand substrates also with less than 1 m depth. "Riverine" redirects here For the use of that term in Maritime geography, see there In computer gaming, a MUD ( Multi-User Dungeon, Domain or Dimension) is a multi-player computer game that combines elements of Sand is a naturally occurring Granular material composed of finely divided rock and Mineral particles ^[10] The species has been known to reach a maximum of 45 cm long. ^[3]

Importance to humans

The Golden lined whiting is a major commercial species in some parts of its range, particularly in Shark Bay and to a lesser extent in Queensland. It is often taken alongside other species of whiting which also constitute major parts of the local fishery. For the fishing industry and the practice of fishing see Fishing. The amount of fish taken by professionals fluctuates, with an example monthly 1998/1999 catch weighing 5,399 kg, a massive amount less than the 196,293 kg of western sand whiting taken in the same period. Commercial fishing, also known as industrial fishing, is the activity of capturing Fish and other Seafood for commercial Profit, mostly ^[11] Being that the juveniles enter mangrove creeks, the species may be a future candidate for estuarine aquaculture, which has seen other species of sillaginid cultured in Asia. Mangroves (generally are Trees and Shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the Tropics and Subtropics. An estuary is a semi-enclosed Coastal body of Water with one or more Rivers or Streams flowing into it and with a free connection to the open Aquaculture is the farming of freshwater and saltwater organisms including Molluscs Crustaceans and aquatic plants The Sillaginidae, commonly known as the smelt-whitings, whitings, sillaginids, sand borers and sand-smelts, are a family ^[3]

The species is a common target for recreational fishermen, with large catches possible. Angling is a method of Fishing by means of an "angle" ( hook) ^[12] Golden lined whiting respond to bait which resembles their normal prey and are taken on yabbies, crabs, soldier crabs, mussels of many different sorts, worms and prawn, in particular jelly prawn. The Bass yabby ( Trypaea australiensis) is a common species of Thalassinidea (mud shrimp in south-eastern Australia  the only species in the Crabs are decapod Crustaceans of the infraorder Brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting "tail" (βραχύ / brachy The common name mussel is used for members of several different families of Clams or Bivalve Molluscs, from both saltwater and freshwater habitats A worm is a common name given to a diverse group of invertebrate animals that have a long soft body and no legs Prawns are Crustaceans belonging to the sub-order Dendrobranchiata   This species will also take a variety of wet flies and small lures. Artificial fly is an Angling term closely associated with the sport of Fly fishing although artificial flies may be used in other forms of angling They are commonly caught over their foraging habitats, particularly sand flats, tailing sand banks, shallow and deep weed beds, over yabby beds, and particularly in muddy mangrove areas. Seaweed is a loose colloquial term encompassing macroscopic Multicellular, benthic marine Algae. ^[13] The flesh of this whiting is sweet and although slightly softer in texture than the sand whiting, is equal to it for high eating quality. The sand whiting, Sillago ciliata, (also known as the summer whiting or blue-nose whiting) is a common species of coastal marine Fish ^[13]

In Queensland, the minimum size for taking Golden lined whiting is 23 cm, and there is no limit the amount that can be taken. ^[14]

References

External links

• Golden lined whiting at Fishbase

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