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GoldenEye

Promotional poster for GoldenEye
James Bond Pierce Brosnan
Also starring Sean Bean
Izabella Scorupco
Famke Janssen
Directed by Martin Campbell
Produced by Barbara Broccoli
Tom Pevsner
Anthony Waye
Michael G. Wilson
Novel/Story by Michael France
Screenplay Jeffrey Caine
Bruce Feirstein
Cinematography by Phil Meheux
Music by Éric Serra
Main theme GoldenEye
Composer Bono
The Edge
Performer Tina Turner
Editing by Terry Rawlings
Distributed by MGM/UA Distribution Co.
Released November 17, 1995
Running time 130 min
Budget $58,000,000
Worldwide gross $350. Commander James Bond, CMG, RNVR is a Fictional character created by novelist Ian Fleming in 1952 Pierce Brendan Brosnan, OBE Honour and so holds an honorary OBE Shaun Mark Bean (born 17 April 1959 is an English Film and stage Actor. Izabella Dorota Scorupco (born June 4 1970 in Białystok, Poland, original last name was Skorupko) is a Polish -born Famke Janssen ( IPA: /fɑmkə bømər jɑnsən/ (born November 5, 1965) is a Dutch actress and former fashion model. Martin Campbell (born October 24[[ 944]] Hastings) is a New Zealand film and Television director. Barbara Dana Broccoli OBE (born June 18, 1960 in Los Angeles, California) is the daughter of the famous James Bond producer Anthony Waye is a film production executive His most well-known work has involved the production of ' James Bond ' films including being Executive Producer of the 21st Bond film Michael Gregg Wilson OBE (born 1942) is producer and screenwriter of James Bond movies. Between 1953 and the present day (2008 dozens of novels and a number of short stories have been published chronicling the adventures of spy James Bond 007 Michael France (born 1962 is a Film Screenwriter. He has written screenplays for the action films Cliffhanger (1993 the James Bond Bruce Feirstein (born 1956 is a Screenwriter and Humorist best known for his contributions to the James Bond series and his best-selling humor books including Phil Meheux, BSC (born September 17 1941 in Sidcup, Kent, England) is an English Cinematographer. The James Bond series of films from EON Productions has had numerous signature tunes over the years many of which are now considered classic pieces of cinematic music Éric Serra (born on 9 September 1959) is a French Composer. He has often worked on the movies of Luc Besson The James Bond series of films from EON Productions has had numerous signature tunes over the years many of which are now considered classic pieces of cinematic music " GoldenEye " is a hit James Bond theme performed by Tina Turner used for the 1995 film GoldenEye. David Howell Evans (born 8 August 1961 in Barking, East London) more widely known by his Moniker The Edge, is a Musician known best Tina Turner (born Anna Mae Bullock; November 26, 1939) is an eight time Grammy Award -winning American Terry Rawlings (born 1933 in London England) is a Film editor and Sound editor with several BAFTA nominations and one Academy Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 7 million
Preceded by Licence To Kill (1989)
Followed by Tomorrow Never Dies (1997)

GoldenEye (1995) is the seventeenth spy film of the British James Bond series directed by Martin Campbell and the first to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. Licence to Kill (1989 directed by John Glen is the 16th James Bond Spy film, and the second and last featuring Timothy Dalton. Tomorrow Never Dies, released in 1997, is the eighteenth Spy film in the James Bond series, and the second to star Pierce Brosnan The spy film genre deals with the subject of fictional Espionage, either in a realistic way or as a basis for fantasy The United Kingdom has been influential in the technological, commercial and artistic development of cinema. James Bond 007 is a Fictional character created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming, who featured him in twelve Novels and two Short story The James Bond film series are Spy films inspired by Ian Fleming 's novels about the fictional MI6 agent Commander James Bond (codename Martin Campbell (born October 24[[ 944]] Hastings) is a New Zealand film and Television director. Pierce Brendan Brosnan, OBE Honour and so holds an honorary OBE The Secret Intelligence Service ( SIS) colloquially known as MI6 is the United Kingdom 's external Intelligence agency. Commander James Bond, CMG, RNVR is a Fictional character created by novelist Ian Fleming in 1952 Unlike previous Bond films, it is unrelated to the works of novelist Ian Fleming,[1] although the name "GoldenEye" was taken from his estate in Jamaica. Ian Lancaster Fleming ( May 28, 1908 – August 12, 1964) was a British author, Journalist and Second World War Jamaica (ˈdʒəˈmeɪkə} is an Island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length and as much as in width situated in the Caribbean Sea. The story was conceived and written by Michael France, with later collaboration by other writers. Michael France (born 1962 is a Film Screenwriter. He has written screenplays for the action films Cliffhanger (1993 the James Bond In the film, Bond fights to prevent an arms syndicate from using the GoldenEye satellite weapon against London in order to cause a global financial meltdown. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom.

GoldenEye was released in 1995 after legal disputes forced a six-year hiatus in the series, during which Timothy Dalton resigned from the role of James Bond and was replaced by Pierce Brosnan. Timothy Peter Dalton (born March 21, 1946) is an English M was also recast with actress Judi Dench, becoming the first female to portray the character. M is a fictional character in Ian Fleming 's James Bond series as well as the films in the Bond franchise Dame Judith Olivia Dench, CH, DBE, FRSA, (born 9 December, 1934) usually known as Judi Dench, is an English GoldenEye was the first Bond film made after the downfall of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, which provided a background for the plot. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the

The film was praised by most critics and performed well at the box office, considerably better than Dalton's films, without taking inflation into account. [2] Some critics viewed the film as a modernisation of the series, and felt Brosnan was a definite improvement over his predecessor. [3][4][5] It also received two BAFTA nominations – "Best Achievement in Special Effects" and "Best Sound". The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA is a British charity that hosts annual awards shows for film television television craft video games and forms of animation [6]

Contents

Plot

MI6 agents 007 (James Bond) and 006 (Alec Trevelyan) infiltrate an illicit Soviet chemical weapons facility at Arkhangel and plant explosive charges. The Secret Intelligence Service ( SIS) colloquially known as MI6 is the United Kingdom 's external Intelligence agency. James Bond 007 is a Fictional character created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming, who featured him in twelve Novels and two Short story Alexander "Alec" Trevelyan ( 006) is a Fictional character, the primary Villain in the James Bond film GoldenEye Arkhangelsk (Арха́нгельск formerly called Archangel in English, is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast Trevelyan is captured and shot by Colonel Arkady Ourumov, but Bond steals an airplane and escapes the exploding facility. This is a list of henchmen from the James Bond 1995 film GoldenEye.

Nine years later, Bond arrives in Monte Carlo to follow Xenia Onatopp, a suspected member of the Janus crime syndicate, who has formed a suspicious relationship with a Canadian Navy admiral. Monte-Carlo ( Occitan: Montcarles, Monégasque: Monte-Carlu) is one of Monaco 's various administrative areas sometimes erroneously She murders the admiral to allow Ourumov (now a general) to steal his identity. The next day, they steal a prototype French Tiger helicopter that can withstand an electromagnetic pulse, flying it to a bunker in Severnaya, where they massacre the staff and steal the control disk for the dual GoldenEye satellite weapons. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The term electromagnetic pulse ( EMP) has the following meanings Electromagnetic radiation from an Explosion (especially a Nuclear The two program one of the GoldenEyes to destroy the complex with an electromagnetic pulse and escape with traitor programmer Boris Grishenko. Natalya Simonova, the lone survivor, arranges to meet Grishenko in St. Petersburg, where he betrays her to Janus. Natalya Fyodorovna Simonova ( Russian:Наталья Фёдоровна Симонова is a Fictional character in the James Bond film Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River

In London, M assigns Bond to investigate the attack, and he flies to St. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. M is a fictional character in Ian Fleming 's James Bond series as well as the films in the Bond franchise Petersburg to meet CIA agent Jack Wade, who suggests he meet Valentin Zukovsky, a Russian Mafia head and business rival of Janus. This is a list of allies in the James Bond 1995 film GoldenEye. This is a list of allies in the James Bond 1995 film GoldenEye. Russian Mafia ( Русская мафия, Russkaya Mafiya) Red Mob ( Красная мафия Krasnaya Mafiya) or After Bond gives him a tip on a potential heist, Zukovsky arranges a meeting between Bond and Janus, who reveals himself as Trevelyan. A Lienz Cossack, Trevelyan faked his death, having vowed revenge against Britain for their involvement in his parents' deaths. The Cossacks (Каза́ки́ Kazaki; Козаки́ Kozaki; Kozacy are a group of martial people living in the southern Steppe regions of Eastern The Betrayal of the Cossacks, also known as The Tragedy of Drau and The Massacre of Cossacks at Lienz refers to the forced repatriation of Cossacks He ties Bond up with Simonova in the Tiger helicopter programmed to self-destruct, which the two escape using its ejection system. They are immediately arrested by the Russian police and interrogated by the Minister of Defence, Dmitri Mishkin. This is a list of allies in the James Bond 1995 film GoldenEye. Just as Simonova reveals the existence of a second satellite and Ourumov's involvement in the massacre at Severnaya, Ourumov bursts into the room, shooting Mishkin and dragging Simonova into a car. Bond steals a T-80 tank and pursues Ourumov through St. The T-80 is a Main battle tank which was designed in the Soviet Union and entered service in 1976 Petersburg to Janus' armoured train, where he kills Ourumov as Trevelyan escapes, locking Bond in the train with Simonova. As the train's self-destruct countdown begins, Bond cuts through the floor with a laser watch while Simonova locates Grishenko's satellite dish in Cuba using a computer. The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la The two escape just before the train explodes.

In Cuba, Bond and Simonova fly a plane over the jungle before they are shot down. As they stumble out of it, Onatopp rappels down from a helicopter and attacks Bond, who resists and kills her. Minutes later, he and Simonova watch a lake being drained of its water, uncovering the dish. The Arecibo Observatory is a very sensitive Radio telescope located approximately south-southwest from the town of Arecibo in Puerto Rico. They infiltrate the control station, where Bond is captured by Trevelyan, who reveals his plan of stealing money from the Bank of England before erasing all of its financial records with the remaining GoldenEye, concealing the theft and destroying Britain's economy. The Bank of England (formally the Governor and Company of the Bank of England) is a state-owned institution and the Central bank of the United Kingdom

Meanwhile, Simonova programs the satellite to initiate atmospheric reentry and destroy itself. As Trevelyan captures Simonova and orders Grishenko to save the satellite, Bond triggers an explosion with his Parker Jotter pen grenade and escapes to the antenna cradle. Parker Jotter is The Parker Pen Company 's first and bestselling retracting refillable Ballpoint pen. Bond sabotages the antenna, preventing Grishenko from regaining control of the satellite, before turning and facing Trevelyan. Bond shoves Trevelyan off the antenna and into the dish before escaping aboard a helicopter commandeered by Simonova. The cradle collapses, crushing Trevelyan and rupturing liquid nitrogen tanks that freeze Grishenko. Liquid nitrogen (liquid density at the Triple point is 0707 g/mL is the liquid produced industrially in large quantities by Fractional distillation of Meanwhile on the surface, Bond and Simonova are rescued by Wade and a platoon of U. S. Marines.

Cast

Production

Prelude

The preceding Bond film, Licence to Kill, had underperformed at the American box office. Licence to Kill (1989 directed by John Glen is the 16th James Bond Spy film, and the second and last featuring Timothy Dalton. [7] Also, in 1989, MGM/UA was sold to the Australian based broadcasting group Quintex, who wanted to merge the company with Pathé. This article deals with the Pathé movie company For their music business see Pathé Records. Danjaq, the Swiss based parent company of EON, sued MGM/UA because the Bond back catalogue was being licensed to Pathé, who intended to broadcast the Bond series on television in several countries across the world without the approval of Danjaq. [8] These legal disputes delayed the film for several years. [9]

While the legal disputes went on, Timothy Dalton was still expected to play Bond in the new film, as he had originally signed up for a three-film contract. Timothy Peter Dalton (born March 21, 1946) is an English Pre-production work began in May 1990 with a story draft written by Alfonso Ruggiero Jr and Michael G. Wilson. Production was set to start in 1990 in Hong Kong for a release in late 1991. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders However, the legal disputes meant that these dates slipped. [10] In an interview in 1993, Dalton said that Michael France was writing the story for the film, which was due to begin production in January or February 1994. [11] However, the deadline passed, and in April 1994, Dalton officially resigned from the role. [12][13] To replace Dalton, the producers cast Pierce Brosnan, who had been prevented from taking over the role from Roger Moore in 1985 because of his contract with Remington Steele. Sir Roger George Moore KBE (born 14 October 1927) is an English Actor. Remington Steele is an American television series produced by MTM Enterprises and first broadcast on the NBC network from 1982 [14][15] Judi Dench was cast as M, thus making GoldenEye the first film of the series featuring a female M. The decision is widely believed to be inspired by Stella Rimington becoming head of MI5 in 1992. Dame Stella Rimington, DCB (born May 1935) was the Director-General (DG of MI5 from 1992 [16][17]

GoldenEye was produced by Albert R. Broccoli's EON Productions. Albert Romolo Broccoli, CBE (Hon ( April 5 1909 &ndash June 27 1996) nicknamed "Cubby" was an American EON Productions is a film production company known for producing the James Bond film series. With Albert Broccoli's health deteriorating (he died seven months after the film's release), his daughter Barbara Broccoli described him as taking "a bit of a back seat" in the production of the film, but still having a lot of influence. Barbara Dana Broccoli OBE (born June 18, 1960 in Los Angeles, California) is the daughter of the famous James Bond producer [18] In his stead, Barbara and Michael G. Wilson took the lead roles in production. Michael Gregg Wilson OBE (born 1942) is producer and screenwriter of James Bond movies. The producers then chose New Zealander Martin Campbell as the director. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Martin Campbell (born October 24[[ 944]] Hastings) is a New Zealand film and Television director. Brosnan later described Campbell as "warrior-like in his take on the piece" and that "there was a huge passion there on both our parts". [19] Campbell would go on to direct Casino Royale in 2006. Casino Royale ( 2006) is the twenty-first film in the James Bond series; it is directed by Martin Campbell and the first to star The producers had originally chosen not to use the now elderly Richard Maibaum, long-time writer for the series (he died in 1991)[8][20] After Michael France wrote the original screenplay, Jeffrey Caine was brought in to rewrite it. Richard Maibaum ( May 26, 1909 - January 4, 1991) was an American Film producer, Playwright and Screenwriter [21] Caine kept many of France's ideas but added the prologue prior to the credits. Kevin Wade polished the script and Bruce Feirstein added the finishing touches. Bruce Feirstein (born 1956 is a Screenwriter and Humorist best known for his contributions to the James Bond series and his best-selling humor books including [22] In the film, the writing credit was shared by Caine and Feirstein, while France was credited with only the story, an arrangement he felt was unfair,[23] particularly as he believed the additions made were not an improvement on his original version. [24] Wade did not receive an official credit, but was acknowledged in the naming of Jack Wade, the CIA character he created.

While the story was not based on a work by Ian Fleming, the title GoldenEye traces its origins to the name of Fleming's Jamaican estate where he wrote the Bond novels. [25] Fleming gave a number of origins for the name of his estate, including Carson McCullers' Reflections in a Golden Eye[26] and Operation Goldeneye, a contingency plan Fleming himself developed during World War II in case of a Nazi invasion through Spain. Carson McCullers ( February 19, 1917 &ndash September 29, 1967) was an American Writer. Operation Goldeneye was an Allied plan during World War II, that monitored Spain after the Spanish Civil War. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. [27][28]

Since the release of Licence to Kill, the world had changed drastically. GoldenEye was the first James Bond film to be produced since the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union. The Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer was a physical barrier separating West Berlin from the German Democratic Republic (GDR ( East Germany) including This cast doubt over whether James Bond was still relevant in the modern world, as many of the previous films pitted him against Soviet villains trying to take advantage of the Cold War. [29] Much of the film industry felt that it would be "futile" to make a comeback for the Bond series, and that it was best left as "an icon of the past"[30] However, when released, the film was viewed as a successful revivification and it effectively adapted the series for the 1990s. [4][31] One of GoldenEye's more modern aspects was the casting of a female as M, the first James Bond film to do so. In the film, the new M quickly establishes her authority, remarking that Bond is a "sexist, misogynist dinosaur" and a "relic of the Cold War". This is an early indication that Bond is portrayed as far less tempestuous than Timothy Dalton's Bond from 1989. [32]

Filming

Principal photography for the film began on January 16, 1995 and continued till June 6, 1995. See also Filmmaking Principal photography is the phase of Film production in which the movie is actually shot as distinct from Pre-production Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 [33] The producers were unable to film at Pinewood Studios, the usual location for Bond films, because it had been reserved. Pinewood Studios is a major British Film studio situated in Iver Heath, Buckinghamshire. Instead, an old Rolls-Royce factory at the Leavesden Aerodrome in Hertfordshire was converted into a new studio. Rolls-Royce plc ( is a British Aircraft engine maker and the second-largest in the world behind GE Aviation. Hertfordshire (ˈhɑːtfədʃə(r, abbreviated Herts) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East region of Leavesden Film Studios is a Film and media complex constructed on the site of the former Rolls-Royce factory at Leavesden Aerodrome which was an important [34] The producers later said Pinewood would have been too small. [18]

The film's casino scenes and the Tiger helicopter's demonstration were shot in Monte Carlo. Reference footage for the tank chase was shot on location in St. Petersburg and matched to the studio at Leavesden. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River The climactic scenes on the satellite dish were shot at Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico. The Arecibo Observatory is a very sensitive Radio telescope located approximately south-southwest from the town of Arecibo in Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} [35] The actual MI6 headquarters were used for externals of M's office. The SIS Building, also commonly known as the MI6 Building, is the headquarters of the British Secret Intelligence Service (otherwise known as "MI6" [36] Some of the scenes in St. Petersburg were actually shot in London — the Epsom Downs Racecourse doubled the airport — to reduce expenses and also due to security concerns, as the second unit sent to Russia required bodyguards. Epsom Downs is a grade-one Hippodrome near Epsom, Surrey, England. [37]

The French Navy provided full use of the frigate FS La Fayette and their newest helicopter, the Eurocopter Tiger to the production. Hanzo missed identifiercrotale]]cn2launcher(8missilesonthelauncher18missilesinmagazine16 aster15missilesinverticallaunchers br>8x Exocetmm 0blockiimissiles|shiparmour WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The French government also allowed the use of Navy logos as part of the promotional campaign for the film. However, the producers had a dispute with the Ministry of Defence over Brosnan's opposition to French nuclear weapons testing and his involvement with Greenpeace; as a result, the French premiere of the film was cancelled. The Minister of Defence ( Ministère de la Défense) is the French Government cabinet member charged with running the Military of France Greenpeace, originally known as the Greenpeace Foundation, was founded in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada in 1972 [38]

The sequences involving the armoured train were filmed on Nene Valley Railway, near Peterborough in the UK. The Nene Valley Railway (NVR is a preserved railway in Cambridgeshire, England, running between Peterborough Nene Valley and Yarwell History Early history Present-day Peterborough is the latest in a series of settlements which have at one time or other benefited from its situation where the Nene The train comprised a British Rail Class 20 diesel-electric locomotive and a pair of BR Mk 2 coaches, all three heavily disguised to resemble a Soviet armoured train. The British Rail Class 20, otherwise known as an English Electric Type 1, is a class of diesel electric Locomotive. An armoured train is a Train protected with armour. Usually they are equipped with Railroad cars armed with Artillery and Machine guns [39][40]

Effects

Goldeneye's opening title sequence featured a woman destroying the hammer and sickle.
Goldeneye's opening title sequence featured a woman destroying the hammer and sickle. The hammer and sickle is a part of Communist symbolism and its usage indicates an association with Communism, Communist Party, or Communist state

GoldenEye was the last film of special effects supervisor Derek Meddings, to whom the film was dedicated. Derek Meddings ( 15 January 1931 &ndash 10 September 1995) was a British Television and cinema Special effects Meddings' major contribution were miniatures. [41] It was also the first Bond film to use computer generated imagery. Computer animation Computer-generated imagery (also known as CGI) is the application of the field of Computer graphics or more specifically 3D computer graphics [37]

Among the model effects are most external shots of Severnaya, the scene where Janus' train crashes on the tank, and the lake which hides the satellite dish, since the producers couldn't find a round lake in Puerto Rico. The climax in the satellite dish used scenes in Arecibo, a model built by Meddings' team and scenes shot with stuntmen in England. [37]

Stunt car coordinator Rémy Julienne described the car chase between the Aston Martin DB5 and the Ferrari F355 as between "a perfectly shaped, old and vulnerable vehicle and a racecar. Rémy Julienne (sometimes incorrectly spelled Rèmy or Rèmi (born April 17, 1930) is a pioneering French Driving Stunt performer The 1963 Aston Martin DB5 was an improved DB4. The DB series was named after David Brown (the head of Aston Martin from 1947–1972 The Ferrari F355 is a Sports car built by Ferrari from May 1994 to 1999 " The stunt had to be meticulously planned as the cars are vastly different. Nails had to be attached to the F355 tires to make it skid, and during one take of the sliding vehicles, both cars collided. [42]

The tank chase scene was performed with the use of a Russian T-55 tank from a British military rental firm and modified with the addition of fake explosive reactive armor panels (chronologically appropriate to a modern upgraded T-55 equipping the Russian Army Reserve of the period, such as the T-55M5). The T-54 and T-55 tank were a series of Main battle tanks designed by the Soviet Union. Reactive armour is a type of Vehicle armour that reacts in some way to the impact of a weapon to reduce the damage done to the vehicle being protected The Russian Ground Forces (Сухопутные войска Российской Федерации tr The T-54 and T-55 tank were a series of Main battle tanks designed by the Soviet Union. In order to avoid destroying the pavement on the city streets of St. Petersburg, the steel off-road tracks of the T-55 were replaced with the rubber-shoed tracks from a British Chieftain tank. The FV 4201 Chieftain was the Main battle tank of the United Kingdom during the 1960s and 1970s A rectangular viewport was cut in the glacis plate and covered with tinted Perspex, allowing a trained driver to maneuver the tank from a prone position inside the driver's compartment while Pierce Brosnan sat in the (modified) driver's seat with his head protruding from the driver's hatch, creating the illusion he was driving the tank "unbuttoned". A glacis ( or) in Military Engineering is an artificial slope of earth used in late European fortresses so constructed as to keep any potential assailant Poly(methyl methacrylate ( PMMA) or poly(methyl 2-methylpropenoate is a Thermoplastic and transparent Plastic. Word history The word prone meaning "naturally inclined to something apt liable" is recorded in English since 1382 the meaning "lying face-down" is first [43]

For the confrontation between Bond and Trevelyan inside the antenna cradle, director Campbell decided to take inspiration in Bond's fight with Red Grant in From Russia with Love. From Russia with Love, released in 1963 is the second Film in the James Bond series, and the second to star Sean Connery as Pierce Brosnan and Sean Bean did all the stunts themselves but one take where one is thrown against the wall. Brosnan injured his hand while filming the part in the extending ladder, making producers delay his scenes and film the ones in Severnaya earlier. [37]

The opening 220 m (720 ft) bungee jump at Archangel, shot at the Verzasca Dam in Switzerland and performed by Wayne Michaels, was voted the best movie stunt of all time as of 2002 and set a record for the highest bungee jump off a fixed structure. Bungee jumping is an activity that involves jumping from a tall structure while connected to a large elastic cord The Contra dam (or Verzasca dam) is a 220- Meter high arch Hydroelectric Dam in the Val Verzasca, Switzerland. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Wayne Michaels is a British stuntman and Stunt arranger He performed the Bungee jump in the opening scenes in the James Bond film GoldenEye [44][45] The largest stunt sequence in the film was the tank chase, which took around six weeks to film, partly on location in St. Petersburg and partly at Leavesden. [46] The tank used in the chase was on loan from the East England Military Museum. [33]

The fall of communism in Russia is the main focus of the opening titles, designed by Daniel Kleinman (who took over from Maurice Binder after his death in 1991). Daniel Kleinman is a British Television commercial and Music video director who was Title sequence designer for the James Bond series of films Maurice Binder ( August 25, 1925 - April 4, 1991) was a famous title designer best known for his work on 14 James Bond films including They show the collapse and destruction of several structures associated with the Soviet Union, such as the red star and hammer and sickle. The five-pointed red star, a Pentagram without the inner Pentagon, is a symbol of Communism as well as broader Socialism in general The hammer and sickle is a part of Communist symbolism and its usage indicates an association with Communism, Communist Party, or Communist state In an interview, Kleinman said they were meant to be "a kind of story telling sequence" showing that "what was happening in Communist countries was Communism was falling down". [47] According to producer Michael G. Wilson, some Communist parties protested against "Socialist symbols being destroyed not by governments, but by bikini-clad women", especially the Indian one, which threatened to boycott the film. A Political party described as a communist party includes those that advocate the application of the social principles of Communism through a communist form of The Communist Party of India (CPI is a Political party in India. [37]

Product placement

Further information: List of James Bond vehicles, List of James Bond gadgets, and List of James Bond firearms

GoldenEye was the first film bound by BMW's three picture deal,[48] so the producers were offered BMW's latest roadster, the BMW Z3. Throughout the James Bond series of films and novels Q Branch has given Bond a wide variety of vehicles with which to battle his enemies A popular element of the James Bond franchise is the exotic equipment and vehicles he is assigned on his missions which often prove to be critically useful The following is a list of Firearms used by James Bond in the Novel, Film, and Video game adventures ( BMW) (Bavarian Motor Works is an independent German automobile manufacturer founded in 1916 A roadster, also known as a spyder or spider, is a two-seater car traditionally without a roof (or with a detachable roof and no side or rear windows The BMW Z3 was the first modern mass-market Roadster produced by BMW, as well as the first new BMW model assembled in the United States. It was featured in the film months before its release, and a limited edition "007 model" sold out within a day of being available to order. As part of the car's marketing strategy, several Z3's were used to drive journalists from a complimentary meal at the Rainbow Room restaurant to GoldenEye's premiere at Radio City Music Hall. The Rainbow Room is a well-known upscale Restaurant and Nightclub on the sixty-fifth floor of the GE Building in Rockefeller Center [49] For the film, a convertible Z3 is equipped with the usual Q refinements, including a self-destruct feature and Stinger missiles behind the headlights. A convertible is a type of automobile in which the vehicle's roof can retract and fold away converting it from an enclosed to an open-air vehicle The FIM-92 Stinger is a personal portable Infrared homing Surface-to-air missile developed in the United States and used by all the U [50] The Z3 does not have much screentime and none of the gadgets are used, which Martin Campbell acknowledged to the deal with BMW coming in the last stages of production. [37]

The Z3's appearance in GoldenEye stands out as the most successful promotion through product placement in 1995. Product placement, or embedded marketing, is a type of Advertising, in which promotional Advertisements placed by marketers using [51] Ten years later, The Hollywood Reporter listed it as one of the most successful product placements in recent years. The Hollywood Reporter is a major trade publication of the Film industry in the United States. The article quoted Mary Lou Galician, head of media analysis and criticism at Arizona State University's Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication, as saying that the news coverage of Bond's switch from Aston Martin to BMW "generated hundreds of millions of dollars of media exposure for the movie and all of its marketing partners. Arizona State University ( ASU) is the largest public Research university in the United States under a single administration with total student The Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication (often abbreviated to Cronkite School by its students is one of the 24 independent school units at Aston Martin Lagonda Limited is a British manufacturer of luxury performance cars, whose headquarters are at Gaydon, England. "[52]

GoldenEye was the first James Bond film in which Bond does not wear a Rolex. Rolex SA is a Swiss manufacturer of Wristwatches and accessories Brosnan wore an Omega watch to help modernise Bond's image. Omega SA is a high-end Watch company based in Biel / Bienne Switzerland. Lindy Hemming, the film's costume designer, told The European Magazine Rolex had "become a bit ordinary". [53] The producers also wanted to work with a company that would cooperate in cross promotions, which Rolex did not wish to do. Omega produced a limited edition "James Bond" variation of the watch used in GoldenEye. [54] In the film, Bond's watch, standard issue for MI6 agents, can remotely detonate mines and has a built-in laser that can cut through metal. A laser is a device that emits Light ( Electromagnetic radiation) through a process called Stimulated emission.

Music

Main article: GoldenEye (soundtrack)

The theme song, "GoldenEye", was written by Bono and The Edge, and was performed by Tina Turner. GoldenEye is the soundtrack to the 17th James Bond film of the same name and was composed by Éric Serra. " GoldenEye " is a hit James Bond theme performed by Tina Turner used for the 1995 film GoldenEye. David Howell Evans (born 8 August 1961 in Barking, East London) more widely known by his Moniker The Edge, is a Musician known best Tina Turner (born Anna Mae Bullock; November 26, 1939) is an eight time Grammy Award -winning American [55] As the producers did not collaborate with Bono or The Edge, alternate versions of the song did not appear throughout GoldenEye, as was the case in previous James Bond films. [56]

The soundtrack to GoldenEye was composed by Éric Serra. Éric Serra (born on 9 September 1959) is a French Composer. He has often worked on the movies of Luc Besson Prolific Bond composer John Barry said he was offered it by Barbara Broccoli, but turned it down. John Barry, OBE (born John Barry Prendergast on 3 November 1933 in York, England) is a renowned Golden Globe and five-time Academy [57] Serra's score has been heavily criticised: Richard von Busack, in Metro, wrote that it was "more appropriate for a ride on an elevator than a ride on a roller coaster",[58] and Filmtracks said Serra "failed completely in his attempt to tie Goldeneye to the franchise's past. Richard von Busack is a film reviewer based in San Jose California. Metro is a free weekly newspaper published by the San Jose, California, based Metro Newspapers. "[59]

Later, John Altman provided the music for the tank chase in St. Petersburg. Serra's original track for that sequence can still be found on the soundtrack as "A Pleasant Drive In St. Petersburg". [60] Serra composed and performed a number of synthesizer tracks, including the version of the James Bond Theme that plays during the gun barrel sequence,[61] while John Altman and David Arch provided the more traditional symphonic music. The " James Bond Theme " is the main signature theme of the James Bond films and is featured in every "official" (EON Productions The James Bond gun barrel sequence is the traditional opening to every official ( EON Productions) James Bond movie, beginning with the first film Dr [62]

Release and reception

GoldenEye premiered on November 13, 1995, at the Radio City Music Hall in New York City, and went on general release in the USA on November 17, 1995. Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Radio City Music Hall is an entertainment venue located in New York City 's Rockefeller Center. The City of New York The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 The UK premiere, attended by Prince Charles, followed on November 22, 1995 at the Odeon Leicester Square, with general release two days later. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 The Odeon Leicester Square is a cinema which occupies the centre of the eastern side of Leicester Square, London, dominating the Square with its huge black [63] Brosnan boycotted the French premiere to support Greenpeace's protest against the French nuclear testing program, causing the premiere to be abrogated. Greenpeace, originally known as the Greenpeace Foundation, was founded in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada in 1972 [64] The film was later released in a further 31 countries, under three alternate titles. [65]

The film earned over $26 million during its opening across 2,667 theaters in the USA. Its worldwide sales were about $350 million. [66] It had the fourth highest worldwide gross of all films in 1995[67] and, was the most successful Bond film since Moonraker, taking inflation into account. Moonraker, released in 1979, is the eleventh film in the James Bond series and the fourth to star Roger Moore as the fictional [2]

The critical reception of the film was mostly positive with the film review collection website Rotten Tomatoes giving it an 84% Fresh approval,[68] although a similar site, Metacritic, gave it only 65%. Rotten Tomatoes is a Website devoted to reviews information and news of Movies. Metacritic is a Website that collates reviews of music Albums games, movies, TV shows, DVDs and Books. [69] In the Chicago Sun-Times, Roger Ebert gave the film 3 stars out of 4, and said Brosnan's Bond was "somehow more sensitive, more vulnerable, more psychologically complete" than the previous ones, also commenting on Bond's "loss of innocence" since previous films. The Chicago Sun-Times is an American daily Newspaper published in Chicago, Illinois. Roger Joseph Ebert (iːbɝt born June 18, 1942) is an American film critic and Screenwriter. [70] James Berardinelli described Brosnan as "a decided improvement over his immediate predecessor" with a "flair for wit to go along with his natural charm", but added that "fully one-quarter of Goldeneye is momentum-killing padding. James Berardinelli (born September 1967 is an Online Film critic. "[71]

Several reviewers lauded M's appraisal of Bond as a "sexist, misogynist dinosaur",[72][4][73] with Todd McCarthy in Variety saying GoldenEye "breathes fresh creative and commercial life" into the series. Variety is a weekly entertainment trade newspaper founded in New York in 1905 by Sime Silverman [4] John Puccio of DVD Town said that GoldenEye was "an eye and ear-pleasing, action-packed entry in the Bond series" and that the film gave Bond "a bit of humanity, too". [74] Ian Nathan of Empire said that GoldenEye "revamps that indomitable British spirit" and that the Die Hard movies "don't even come close to 007". Empire is a British Film Magazine published Monthly by Bauer Consumer Media. Die Hard is an Academy Award nominated 1988 American Action film. Tom Sonne of the Sunday Times considered GoldenEye the best Bond film since The Spy Who Loved Me. The Sunday Times is a Sunday Broadsheet Newspaper distributed in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. Jose Arroyo of Sight & Sound considered the greatest success of the film in modernising the series. Sight & Sound ( is a British monthly Film Magazine published by the British Film Institute (BFI [31]

GoldenEye was also ranked high in Bond-related lists. IGN chose it as the fifth best movie,[75] while Entertainment Weekly ranked it 8th,[76] and Norman Wilner of MSN as 9th. IGN (abbreviated and formerly known as I magine G ames N etwork is a multimedia news and reviews Website that focuses heavily on Video Entertainment Weekly (sometimes abbreviated as EW) is a Magazine published by Time Inc MSN (The M icro' s' oft N etwork is a collection of Internet services provided by Microsoft. [77] ET also voted Xenia Onatopp as the 6th most memorable Bond Girl,[78] while IGN ranked Natalya as 7th in a similar list. only be added to pages which discuss the film or character depicted in the image [79]

However, the film elicited several negative reviews. Richard Schickel of Time wrote that after "a third of a century's hard use", Bond's conventions survived on "wobbly knees",[80] while in Entertainment Weekly, Owen Gleiberman thought the series had "entered a near-terminal state of exhaustion. Richard Warren Schickel (born February 10, 1933 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin) is an Author, Journalist, and documentary Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and Entertainment Weekly (sometimes abbreviated as EW) is a Magazine published by Time Inc "[81] Dragan Antulov said that GoldenEye had a predictable series of scenes,[82] and Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times said that the film was "a middle-aged entity anxious to appear trendy at all costs". Kenneth Turan ( (b 27 October 1946) is an American Film critic and Lecturer in the Master of Professional Writing Program at the University The Los Angeles Times (also known as the LA Times) is a daily Newspaper published in Los Angeles California and distributed [83] David Eimer of Premiere wrote that "the trademark humour is in short supply" and that "Goldeneye isn't classic Bond by any stretch of the imagination. Premiere was an American and New York City -based film Magazine published by Hachette Filipacchi Media U "[31] Madeleine Williams said that "there are plenty of stunts and explosions to take your mind off the plot. "[84]

GoldenEye was edited in order to be guaranteed a PG-13 rating from the MPAA and a 12 rating from the BBFC. The Motion Picture Association of America's film-rating system is used in the U The British Board of Film Classification ( BBFC) originally British Board of Film Censors, is the organisation responsible for Film, DVD The cuts included the visible bullet impact to Trevelyan's head when he is shot in the prologue, several additional deaths during the sequence in which Onatopp guns down the workers at the Severnaya station, more explicit footage and violent behaviour in the Admiral's death, extra footage of Onatopp's death, and Bond giving her a rabbit punch in the car. A rabbit punch is a punch to the Neck or to the base of the Skull. [34] In 2006, the film was remastered and re-edited for the James Bond Ultimate Edition DVD in which the cuts including headbutts and violent sound effects were restored, causing the rating to be changed to 15. [85]

GoldenEye was nominated for two BAFTAs, Best Sound and Special Effects. The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA is a British charity that hosts annual awards shows for film television television craft video games and forms of animation [6] Éric Serra won a BMI Film Award for the soundtrack,[86] and the film also earned nominations for Best Action Film and Actor at the Saturn Awards and Best Fight Scene at the MTV Movie Awards. Broadcast Music Incorporated ( BMI) is a US Performing rights organization. The Saturn Award is an award presented annually by the Academy of Science Fiction Fantasy & Horror Films to honor the top works in Science fiction, Fantasy The MTV Movie Awards is a film awards show presented annually on MTV ( Music Television) [87][88]

Appearances in other media

See also: GoldenEye 007 and GoldenEye: Rogue Agent
The only released screenshot of the cancelled Virtual Boy version of GoldenEye 007.
The only released screenshot of the cancelled Virtual Boy version of GoldenEye 007. GoldenEye 007 is a 1997 First-person shooter Video game developed by Rare for the Nintendo 64 Video game console, GoldenEye Rogue Agent is a James Bond Video game developed and published by Electronic Arts.

GoldenEye was the second and final Bond film to be adapted to a novel by novelist John Gardner, and was to be his penultimate Bond novel. John Edmund Gardner ( November 20, 1926 – August 3, 2007 The book closely follows the film's storyline, but Gardner added a violent sequence prior to the opening bungee jump in which Bond kills a group of Russian guards, a change that the video game GoldenEye 007 retained. [89]

In late 1995, Topps Comics began publishing a three-issue comic book adaptation of GoldenEye. Topps Comics is a division of the American Trading card publisher and gum / Candy distributor the Topps Company Inc The script was adapted by Don McGregor with art by Rick Magyar. Donald F McGregor (born June 15, 1945, Rhode Island, United States) is an American Comic book Writer, and the The first issue carried a January 1996 cover date. [90] For unknown reasons, Topps cancelled the entire adaptation after the first issue had been published, and to date the adaptation has never been released in its entirety. [91]

The film was the basis for GoldenEye 007, an enormously successful video game for the Nintendo 64 developed by Rare and published by Nintendo. GoldenEye 007 is a 1997 First-person shooter Video game developed by Rare for the Nintendo 64 Video game console, A video game is a Game that involves interaction with a User interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. The, often abbreviated as N64, is Nintendo 's third home Video game console for the international market Rare Ltd (formerly known as Rareware) is a United Kingdom -based video game development company. is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Kyoto Japan founded on [92][93] In January 2000, readers of the British video game magazine Computer and Video Games listed GoldenEye 007 to first place in a list of "the hundred greatest video games". Video game journalism is a branch of Journalism concerned with the reporting and discussion of Video games. Computer and Video Games ( CVG) is a Video game Magazine and website published in the United Kingdom. [94] In Edge's 10th anniversary issue in 2003, the game was included as one of their top ten shooters of all time,[95] and in 2005, a "Best Games of All-Time" poll at GameFAQs placed it at 7th. Edge is a multi-format Computer and video game magazine published by Future Publishing in the United Kingdom. Shooter games are a subgenre of Action game. Because "shooters make up the majority of action games" Shooting gallery Often interchangeable with GameFAQs is a Website that hosts FAQs and Walkthroughs for Video games It was created in November 1995 by Jeff "CJayC" Veasey and [96] It is based upon the film, but many of the missions were extended or modified. [97]

GoldenEye 007 was modified into a racing game intended to be released for the Virtual Boy console. Nintendo 's (also known as the VR-32 during development was the first portable game console capable of displaying "true 3D graphics" However, the game was cancelled before release. [98] GoldenEye: Source is a fan made total conversion mod using the Source engine and based on GoldenEye 007. GoldenEye Source total conversion mod in development using the Source engine developed by Valve Corporation for the computer game Mod or modification is a term generally applied to Computer games especially First-person shooters RPGs and Real-time strategy games The Source engine is a 3D game engine developed by Valve Corporation. In January of 2007, it was awarded twice in the 2006 annual Moddb awards, a win in Editor's Choice[99] for the Reinvention category, and was player-voted 3rd place in the overall category Mod of the year. Mod Database, or Mod DB, is a Website related to general computer game modding. [100] On 2007, one of the developers released an unofficial patch. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. This patch fixes some of the bugs present in the first beta version. A software bug (or just “bug” is an error flaw mistake Failure, fault or “undocumented feature” in a Computer program that prevents it [101]

In 2004, Electronic Arts released GoldenEye: Rogue Agent for several platforms. GoldenEye Rogue Agent is a James Bond Video game developed and published by Electronic Arts. This is the first game of the James Bond series in which the player does not take on the role of Bond. Instead the protagonist is an aspiring Double-0 agent Jonathan Hunter, known by his codename "GoldenEye" recruited by a villain of the Bond universe, Auric Goldfinger. A list of James Bond characters in the video game GoldenEye Rogue Agent Recurring characters GoldenEye (silent Protagonist) Auric Goldfinger is a Fictional character and the main Antagonist in the James Bond film and novel Goldfinger. [102] Except for the appearance of Xenia Onatopp, the game was unrelated to the film, and was released to mediocre review scores on most major consoles - PS2,[103] Gamecube,[104] and Xbox. [105] It was excoriated by several critics including Eric Qualls[106] for using the name "GoldenEye" as an attempt to ride on the success of Rare's game. [107]

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  46. ^ Interview - Steve Street (Part 1). MI6. co. uk (2003-08-26). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. Retrieved on 2006-12-11. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office
  47. ^ Opening Sequence W/ Daniel Kleinman. Retrieved on 2007-01-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor
  48. ^ Michael G. Wilson, Barbara Broccoli, Martin Campbell, Chris Corbould, Pierce Brosnan, Famke Janssen, Izabella Scorupco, Peter Lamont. (1994). GoldenEye: Building a Better Bond [Theatrical Teaser]. MGM Home Entertainment. MGM Home Entertainment is the Home video and DVD distribution arm of MGM. Retrieved on 17. Year 17 was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar.
  49. ^ Pfeiffer, Lee; Worrall, Dave [1998]. "GoldenEye", The Essential Bond: The Authorized Guide to the World of 007 (in English). Boxtree, 177. Macmillan Publishers Ltd, also known as The Macmillan Group, is a privately-held International Publishing company owned by Georg von Holtzbrinck ISBN 0752215620.  
  50. ^ BMW Z3. James Bond multimedia. Retrieved on 2007-01-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon.
  51. ^ Kinney, L; Barry Sapolsky. Product Placement (in English). University of Alabama, Florida State University.  
  52. ^ "A look at some of the biggest hits in film and TV product placement", The Hollywood Reporter, 2005-04-28. The Hollywood Reporter is a major trade publication of the Film industry in the United States. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title Retrieved on 2007-11-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days  
  53. ^ ""The Names Bond, Euro Bond"" (1995-07-07). The European Magazine.  
  54. ^ The 007 Connection. Chronocentric. Retrieved on 2007-05-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed
  55. ^ "Tina Turner performs theme song to new James Bond movie, 'GoldenEye.'", Jet, 1995-11-20. Jet is a popular African-American Publication founded in Chicago Illinois in 1951 by John H Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Retrieved on 2006-11-20. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs,  
  56. ^ Pfeiffer, Lee; Worrall, Dave [1998]. "GoldenEye", The Essential Bond: The Authorized Guide to the World of 007 (in English). Boxtree, 175. Macmillan Publishers Ltd, also known as The Macmillan Group, is a privately-held International Publishing company owned by Georg von Holtzbrinck ISBN 0752215620.  
  57. ^ Hoshowsky, Robert (November 1996). John Barry The Gstaad Memorandum. Film Score. Retrieved on 2006-11-18. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull
  58. ^ von Busack, Richard (1995-11-22). Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Bond for Glory. Metro. Metro is a free weekly newspaper published by the San Jose, California, based Metro Newspapers. Retrieved on 2006-11-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land
  59. ^ Filmtracks Editorial Review. filmtracks. com. Retrieved on 2006-11-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land
  60. ^ (1995). GoldenEye [Audio CD]. London: Virgin Records. Retrieved on 2007-10-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. Event occurs at 26 minutes.
  61. ^ (February 25). Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor GoldenEye [Audio CD]. London: EMI Capitol. Retrieved on October 19. Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal.
  62. ^ (2003) Album notes for EMI proudly presents: GoldenEye. EMI Capitol (72435-41423-2-1).
  63. ^ GoldenEye - Première & Press (2003-11-13). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St Retrieved on 2006-11-15. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria.
  64. ^ "Pierce Brosnan boycotts French premiere of GoldenEye to support Greenpeace protests", PRNewswire, 1995-12-01. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Retrieved on 2006-11-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published  
  65. ^ Release Information - GoldenEye. MI6. co. uk. Retrieved on 2007-05-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place
  66. ^ GoldenEye. Box Office Mojo. Box Office Mojo is a Website that tracks Box office Revenue in a systematic way Retrieved on 2006-11-15. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria.
  67. ^ 1995 Worldwide Grosses. Box Office Mojo. Box Office Mojo is a Website that tracks Box office Revenue in a systematic way Retrieved on 2006-11-24. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal
  68. ^ GoldenEye (1995). rottentomatoes. com. Retrieved on 2006-11-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published
  69. ^ GoldenEye. metacritic. com. Retrieved on 2006-11-24. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal
  70. ^ Ebert, Roger. "GoldenEye", Chicago Sun-Times, 1995-11-17. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers Retrieved on 2006-11-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published  
  71. ^ Berardinelli, James (1995). GoldenEye. www. reelviews. net. Retrieved on 2006-11-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published
  72. ^ Hinson, Hal. "14-Karat ‘GoldenEye’: A Polished New Bond", Washington Post, 1995-11-17. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers Retrieved on 2006-11-18. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull  
  73. ^ Stack, Peter (1995-11-17). Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers New Bond More Action Than Style. San Francisco Gate. SFGate. com. Retrieved on 2006-11-18. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull
  74. ^ Puccio, John J. . "DVD review of GoldenEye", DVD Town. Retrieved on 2007-05-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held  
  75. ^ James Bond's Top 20. IGN (2006-11-17). IGN (abbreviated and formerly known as I magine G ames N etwork is a multimedia news and reviews Website that focuses heavily on Video Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers Retrieved on 2008-04-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop
  76. ^ Benjamin Svetkey, Joshua Rich (2006-11-15). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Ranking the Bond Films. Retrieved on 2008-04-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop
  77. ^ Norman Wilner. Rating the Spy Game. MSN. MSN (The M icro' s' oft N etwork is a collection of Internet services provided by Microsoft. Retrieved on 2008-03-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth
  78. ^ The 10 Best Bond Girls. Entertainment Weekly (2007-03-30). Entertainment Weekly (sometimes abbreviated as EW) is a Magazine published by Time Inc Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. Retrieved on 2008-04-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop
  79. ^ Top 10 Bond Babes. IGN (2006-11-15). IGN (abbreviated and formerly known as I magine G ames N etwork is a multimedia news and reviews Website that focuses heavily on Video Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Retrieved on 2008-04-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop
  80. ^ Schickel, Richard. "Shaky, Not Stirring", Time, 1995-11-27. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont Retrieved on 2006-11-18. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull  
  81. ^ Gleiberman, Owen. "GoldenEye", Entertainment Weekly, 1995-11-18. Entertainment Weekly (sometimes abbreviated as EW) is a Magazine published by Time Inc Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Retrieved on 2006-11-18. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull  
  82. ^ Antulov, Dragan (2002). Retrospective: GoldenEye (1995). Retrospective. Retrieved on 2007-04-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title
  83. ^ Turan, Kenneth. "GoldenEye - MOVIE REVIEW", Los Angeles Times, 1995-11-17. The Los Angeles Times (also known as the LA Times) is a daily Newspaper published in Los Angeles California and distributed Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers Retrieved on 2007-04-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title  
  84. ^ GoldenEye film review. Cinematter. com. Retrieved on 2007-07-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler
  85. ^ (17 Jul 2006). GoldenEye: James Bond Ultimate Edition Region 2 (PAL, Widescreen) [DVD]. Mgm Home Ent. Retrieved on 2007-09-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France ASIN: B000FIF5KC.
  86. ^ nytimes
  87. ^ Walt Disney Studios Burbank, CA, 1996 MTV Movie Awards, [[]], June 13, 1996.
  88. ^ Awards and nominations for GoldenEye (1995). Internet Movie Database. Retrieved on 2008-04-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop
  89. ^ (1997) Goldeneye 007 Official Player's Guide. Nintendo Power. ASIN: B000B66WKA.  
  90. ^ McGregor, Don [1995] (January 1996). Donald F McGregor (born June 15, 1945, Rhode Island, United States) is an American Comic book Writer, and the James Bond 007: GoldenEye, Artwork by Rick Magyar and Claude St. Aubin; Cover art by Brian Stelfreeze, New York City: Topps Comics. The City of New York Topps Comics is a division of the American Trading card publisher and gum / Candy distributor the Topps Company Inc Direct Sales 61114 00257.  
  91. ^ Cox, John (2005-05-19). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and When Bond Battled Dinosaurs. commanderbond. net. Retrieved on 2006-11-20. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs,
  92. ^ GoldenEye 007 Reviews. gamerankings. com. Retrieved on 2006-01-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher.
  93. ^ Microsoft Acquires Video Game Powerhouse Rare Ltd. Microsoft (2002-09-24). See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina. Retrieved on 2006-05-13. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola.
  94. ^ "100 Greatest Games Of All Time" (January 2000). Computer and Video Games (218): 53–67.  
  95. ^ "Ten Top Tens: Shooters" (October 2003). Edge (128): 73.  
  96. ^ The 10 Best Games Ever. GameFAQs. Retrieved on 2006-09-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire.
  97. ^ Hollis, Martin (2004-09-02). Martin Hollis is a computer and video game designer and the founder and CEO of Zoonami. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 44 BC - Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. The Making of GoldenEye 007. Zoonami. Retrieved on 2006-05-13. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola.
  98. ^ The Lost GoldenEye Videogame. MI6. co. uk (2007-01-11). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. Retrieved on 2007-04-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
  99. ^ Editor's Choice - Mod of the year
  100. ^ 3rd place - Mod of the year
  101. ^ Beta 1.1h support topic
  102. ^ (November 23) Golden Eye: Rogue Agent (Prima Official Game Guide). Roseville, California: Prima Games. Roseville is a City in Placer County, California, United States, located in the metropolitan area of Sacramento. Prima Games, a division of Random House, is the largest publishing company of Video game Strategy guides in the United States. ISBN 0761546332.  
  103. ^ Reviews of GoldenEye: Rogue Agent (PS2). Metacritic. Metacritic is a Website that collates reviews of music Albums games, movies, TV shows, DVDs and Books. Retrieved on 2008-04-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop
  104. ^ MetaCritic Gamecube review of Goldeneye: Rogue Agent
  105. ^ MetaCritic Xbox review of Goldeneye: Rogue Agent
  106. ^ Qualls, Eric. GoldenEye: Rogue Agent. About. com: Xbox Games. The New York Times Company. The New York Times Company ( is an American media company It is Retrieved on 2007-01-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade.
  107. ^ Turner, Benjamin. GoldenEye: Rogue Agent (PS2). GameSpy. GameSpy, also known as GameSpy Industries, is a division of IGN Entertainment, which operates a network of game websites and provides online video game-related Retrieved on 2007-01-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade.

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