Goiânia
Skyline of Goiânia
Flag Seal
Location in the state of Goiás.
Coordinates: 16°40′00″S 49°15′00″W / -16.666667, -49.25
Country	Brazil
Region	Central-West
State	Goiás
Government
- Mayor	Íris Rezende Machado (PMDB)
Area
- City	789 km² (304. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Brazil is currently divided into five Regions (also called Macroregions by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica ( IBGE) The Central-West Region is composed of the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul; along with Distrito Federal (Federal District The Federative Republic of Brazil is a union of twenty-six estados ("states" singular estado) and formed by the states and one district the Distrito Goiás (goˈjajs is a state of Brazil, located in the central part of the country A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government The Brazilian Democratic Movement Party ( Partido do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro, PMDB is the successor of the Brazilian Democratic Movement. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 6 sq mi)
- Metro	739 km² (285. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 3 sq mi)
Elevation	749 m (2,457 ft)
Population (2005)
- City	1,220,412
- Density	1,549/km² (4,011. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 9/sq mi)
- Metro	1,600,000
Time zone	UTC-3 (UTC-3)
- Summer (DST)	UTC-2 (UTC-2)
HDI (2000)	0. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central Areas using UTC−3 Single zone countries without DST Suriname Single zone countries with DST Daylight saving time ( DST UTC−2 is used as offset for Argentina (DST only except for San Luis Province) Brazil: Ocean Islands - The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP 832 – high
Website: Goiânia, Goiás

Goiânia (IPA: /gɔɪˈɑniə/)^[1], is the capital and the largest city in the state of Goiás. Goiás (goˈjajs is a state of Brazil, located in the central part of the country It is also the largest city de facto in the Central-Western Region of Brazil. The Central-West Region is composed of the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul; along with Distrito Federal (Federal District |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld With a population of nearly 1. 25 million people^[2], Goiânia is the twelfth largest city in Brazil. It is the anchor of the Goiânia metropolitan area, which has a population of over 2 million people, making it the eleventh largest metropolitan area in the country.

Goiânia is a planned city founded on October 24, 1933 by Pedro Ludovico, the governor of the state at the time. Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Pedro Ludovico (1891 in Goiás &ndash 1979 was the founder of Goiânia, Brazil, and one of the most important figures in the history of the state of Goiás It is located on a fertile plain criss-crossed by numerous rivers, the most important being the Meia Ponte River. The Meia Ponte River is one of the most important rivers in the state of Goiás, Brazil. Goiânia is located at the geographic coordinates of 16°40' S, 49°15' W. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. The total area of the municipality, as of 2002, was 739. 5 km² (285 sq mi).

Santa Genoveva International Airport connects Goiânia with many Brazilian cities.

The city is home to the Federal University of Goiás. Universidade Federal de Goiás (in English: Federal University of Goiás) is one of the major and most important public universities of the

History

The idea of transferring the state capital came about from the need to locate it in accordance with the economic interests of the state. A state is a political association with effective Sovereignty over a geographic Area and representing a Population. The first state capital, Vila Boa (today Goiás Velho), had been chosen when the economy was based on gold extraction. World Heritage Site It was the old state capital of Goiás until 1937 when the government seat was transferred to the recently built Goiânia. Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 Later it was demonstrated that cattle-raising and agriculture had become the most important factors in development, and the old state capital was too out of the way. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture

Panorama of Goiânia.

Goiânia at night.

Commerce in Goiânia. Commerce is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of goods and services from producer to final consumer

Legislators kept the idea of a change alive for a long time. In 1891 the constitutional delegates made the idea of the transfer of the capital official including it in the constitution, ratifying it in 1898 and later in 1918. Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

Vaguely remembered until 1930, the idea of a change only became reality during the government of Pedro Ludovico, who was the new governor appointed for the state of Goiás after the military revolt of 1930. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Goiás (goˈjajs is a state of Brazil, located in the central part of the country Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In 1932 a commission was created to choose the place where the new capital would be built. Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. In 1933 the commission decided on the present location and the foundation stone was erected. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

The plan was for a city of 50,000 with the shape of a concentric radius – streets in the form of a spoke, with the Praça Cívica as the center, with the seats of the state and municipal government – The Palace of Emeralds and the Palace of Campinas. A state is a political association with effective Sovereignty over a geographic Area and representing a Population. A palace is a grand residence especially the home of a Head of state or some other high-ranking Public figure. Emeralds are a variety of the Mineral Beryl (Be3Al2(SiO36 colored Green by trace amounts

In 1937 a decree was signed transferring the state capital from the Cidade de Goiás to Goiânia. Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Goiás (goˈjajs is a state of Brazil, located in the central part of the country The official inauguration only occurred in 1942 with the presence of the president of the republic, governors, and ministers. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

The name, Goiânia, came about in 1933 after a contest was put on by a local newspaper. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. Readers from all over the state contributed, with some of the most voted names being Petrônia, Americana, Petrolândia, Goianópolis, Goiânia, Bartolomeu Bueno, Campanha, Eldorado, Anhanguera, Liberdade, Goianésia, and Pátria Nova, among others. Location Goianésia is located almost due north of Anápolis (150 km 54 km from the Belém-Brasília highway In 1935 Pedro Ludovico used the name Goiânia for the first time signing a decree creating the municipio of Goiânia. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Art deco

The first buildings in this planned city, designed by Atílio Correia Lima, were inspired by Art Deco. Art Deco was a popular international design movement from 1925 until 1939 affecting the decorative arts such as Architecture, Interior design, and Industrial The collection of buildings in the city is considered one of the most important in Brazil. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Mostly built in the 1940s and 1950s they have been recognized by the National Institute of Historical and Artistic Heritage. Included are 22 buildings and monuments, the original center of Goiânia, and the pioneering nucleus of Campinas, the town that gave birth to Goiânia. In Architecture, Construction, Engineering and real estate development the word building may refer to one of the following Any man-made A monument is a structure either explicitly created to commemorate a person or important event or which has become important to a social group as a part of their remembrance of past Campinas (kɐ̃ːˈpinɐs is a city and county ( município) located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Geography

Climate

The climate is continental tropical humid with an average temperature of 21. 9°C (71. 42°F). There's a wet season, from October to April, and a dry one, from May to September. The lowest temperature ever recorded was 1. 2 °C^[3] in July, the coldest month, although such lows are rare. The most recent temperature below 5°C (41°F) occurred on July 18th, 2000: 1. 5°C (34. 7°F)^[4] in the suburbs, and 4. 3°C (39. 74°F)^[5] downtown. Annual rainfall is around 1,520 mm.

Vegetation

The "cerrado" landscape is characterized by extensive savanna formations crossed by gallery forests and stream valleys. The Cerrado ( English: "closed" or "inaccessible" is a vast Tropical savanna Ecoregion of Brazil. A savanna or savannah is a Tropical or Subtropical Grassland or Woodland Ecosystem. Cerrado includes various types of vegetation. Vegetation is a general term for the plant life of a region it refers to the Ground cover provided by plants Humid fields and "buriti" palm paths are found where the water table is near the surface. Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air In daily language the term "humidity" is normally taken to mean Relative humidity. The Moriche Palm, Mauritia flexuosa, also known as the Ité Palm, Ita, Buriti, or aguaje (Peru is a Palm tree Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Alpine pastures occur at higher altitudes and mesophytic forests on more fertile soils. Soil, often typeset as SOiL, is a four piece rock band from Chicago Illinois United States founded by Shaun Glass Tom Schofield Tim King and Adam Zadel More than 1600 species of mammals, birds and reptiles have been identified in the cerrado ("Cerrado's Fauna", Costa et al. , 1981), including 180 reptile species, 113 amphibians, 837 birds and 195 mammals (WWF). Prehistoric amphibian Amphibians (class Amphibia such as Frogs Toads Salamanders Newts Gymnophiona, Sirens and Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands Among the invertebrates, the most notable are the termites and the leaf-cutter ants ("saúvas"). An invertebrate is an Animal lacking a Vertebral column. The group includes 98% of all animal Species — all animals except those in the Chordate They are the main herbivores of the cerrado, important to consuming and decomposing of organic matter, as well as constituting an important food source to many other animal species. Herbivory is a form of Predation in which an Organism, known as a herbivore, consumes principally Autotrophs ref name=Campbell>Campbell Organic matter (or organic material) is Matter that has come from a once-living Organism; is capable of Food is any substance usually composed primarily of Carbohydrates Fats water and/or Proteins that can be eaten or drunk by an

Economy

Commerce in Goiânia. Commerce is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of goods and services from producer to final consumer

Today the economy of Goiania is based on various industries; primarily the economy finds its roots based in the Agricultural industry thriving in and around the city. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture The supplying of equipment, tools, fertilizer and all various agriculture products make up a large portion of the city industries.

Second to Agriculture is the motor trade industry. Sales, Repairs and reconditioning of motorcycles and general vehicles is very wide spread and visible in all areas of the city.

The Third Largest contributor to the economy is that of the Government civil service. As Goiania is the State Capital of Goias, it thus is home to many various Federal and State civil service agencies and provides a large number of jobs to the population. Goiás (goˈjajs is a state of Brazil, located in the central part of the country

Goiânia before the rain.

It must be noted that in recent years the Telecommunication and IT industry have begun to expand into Goiania and one now find many large Brazilian companies setting up offices in the city of Goiania.

In addition there is also a large influx of investment from the United States and Great Britain, from the many Goianos who have moved overseas in order to earn money in various trades and services. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands

The GDP for the city was R$ 13,354,065,000 (2005). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[6]

The per capita income for the city was R$ 11,119 (2005). Per capita income means how much each individual receives in monetary terms of the yearly income generated in the country Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[7]

Education

Oscar Niemeyer Cultural Center.

Portuguese is the official national language, and thus the primary language taught in schools. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. But English and Spanish are part of the official high school curriculum. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States High school is the name used in some parts of the world (in particular Scotland, North America and Australia) to describe an institution

Educational institutions

• Universidade Católica de Goiás (UCG);
• Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG);
• Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG);
• Universidade Paulista (UNIP);
• and many others.

Infrastructure

Transportation

View of Goiânia.

There is a four lane highway which connects Goiânia to the federal capital, Brasília, by BR-060, and a two lane highway to São Paulo by BR-153 (soon to be a four lane highway). Brasília (bɾaˈziliɐ is the Capital of Brazil. The city and its District are located in the Central-West region of the country along a Plateau São Paulo ( is the largest city in Brazil, with its metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world

Railway connections were never developed and all transportation of goods is carried out by highway. "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Before adding any more images to this * * page please do carefully consider * * whether they would be mere decoration * * or actually improve The main airport is the Santa Genoveva, which provides flights to major cities in Brazil. An airport is a location where Aircraft such as airplanes, Helicopters and blimps take off and land Modernization work is underway to construct a new runway and terminal to handle the growing number of air passenger in and out of Goiânia.

Anhagüera, one of the largest avenues in the city, went through a major reform in the late 1990s that provided it with an exclusive bus lane through all of its extension. The lane, however, is located on the center of the avenue, giving it a distinct look. Other avenues also have exclusive lanes for buses.

The city has one of the largest numbers of cars per person in the country, what is bringing large traffic problems. It also has one of the largest numbers of motorcycles per person.

International Airport

Santa Genoveva International Airport is an airport located on the northeast side Goiânia, in the state of Goiás, Brazil. Currently six airlines are operating regular flights at Santa Genoveva Airport to several destinations in Brazil. Currently construction is underway for a new airport terminal. Modernization work will soon get under way at Goiânia Airport. With nominal yearly capacity of 600 thousand passengers, in 2004 it received 950 thousand. With its new terminal, it will be able to handle up to 2 million users a year.

Green areas

Goiânia.

Goiânia is a sprawling city with numerous skyscrapers (see Photos of Goiânia for photos) dominating the center and one-floor family homes spreading out across the verdant tree-covered plain. Many of the streets are lined with tropical fruit trees and there are many parks with remnants of the original tropical vegetation. Thirty percent of the city area is planted in trees—3. 75 of the 11 square km. The most important of these parks are the Parque Zoologico, Parque Vaca Brava, Parque Ecológico, Bosque dos Buritis and Parque Areião. In these places, refreshing lakes, vast vegetation and the sound of birds and animals can be appreciated. In Parque Areião there are still monkeys native to the area. Almost all of the parks are surrounded by walking paths. Approximately 30% of the city Goiania, the capital of Goiás, is green, with forests, avenues and parks. One of the biggest parks is the Bosque dos Buritis with an area of 140 000 square metres with many of the ‘buriti’ palm trees, which have a yellow fruit.

Goiania is famous for being the ‘spring capital’ and was planned as a modern city, growing outside from the centre. In the starting years this building plan worked well, but through the quick growth the plan was not followed to the letters,with the exception of the green areas, causing severe infrastruture problems in some areas such as public transport and health care system.

In the Bosque dos Buritis one finds the Monument for World Peace, designed by Siron Franco. This monument contains a 7 metre high ampoule with walls of glass and the soil of more than 50 countries from all over the world. Every year on World Environment Day there will be scattered soil of a new country added.

Another attraction is the Chico Mendes Botanic Garden (s), where trees and flowers like bromelia’s, orchids, fruit trees and a lake can be found.

Parque Zoológico

Zoo of Goiânia. A zoological garden, shortened to zoo, is an institution in which living animals are exhibited in captivity

Created in 1946, it contains over one thousand animals, including mammals, birds, and reptiles. Five streams have their source in the park, which, besides the Zoo itself, also contains the Horto Florestal and the Lago das Rosas (Lake of Roses). The park is located in the Setor Oeste, one of the richest and most beautiful residencial areas of Goiânia.

Buritis Park

Situated in the center of the city this is Goiânia’s oldest green area. It has an area of 120,000 square meters. There is a running track and exercise area, that has pull up bars and situp benches with various inclines. There are three artificial lakes created by Buriti Stream. We can also find the Goiânia Art Museum and the Free Center of Arts. The interior of the park is currently being renovated and is closed to the public as of 22 July 2007.

Vaca Brava Park

Vaca Brava Park

Every day at dawn hundreds of people begin their daily activities by walking or jogging along the sidewalk that encloses Parque Vaca Brava. It has an area of 18,000 square meters and contains a lake, a forest with native species and places for exercise. Vaca Brava (which could be roughly translated as Angry Cow) has become a symbol of the new thriving area of the Setor Bueno, which has flourished in the past decades and is now one of the most important zones of Goiânia.

Areião Park

The Areião is one of the biggest green areas of Goiânia. Located in a wealthy area, it is famous for its dense vegetation, full of monkeys. Besides the many trails, there is also a lake, a jogging route and many wooden buildings, including a beautiful small theater, consisting of a stage and many seats in the middle of a bamboo forest.

Cobra Veiga—center for snake research

Located in an area of 44,000. 5 m² (10. 87 acres), it has an infrastructure for 750 serpents of different species, in addition to a laboratory and a rodent house. Its main activities are the extraction of poison for medicinal purposes, research on behaviour of serpents in captivity and the recuperation of degraded areas and the preservation of springs and their forest.

Skyline of Goiânia

Leisure

The leisure options are diversified. There are five shopping centers. In sports there are numerous gyms, public and private. The city has one of the most beautiful Brazilian football stadiums, the Serra Dourada, in addition to the International Racetrack Ayrton Senna, a karting track and a horseracing track. Ayrton Senna da Silva ( pronounced, March 21, 1960 &ndash May 1, 1994) was a Brazilian racing driver and triple It is also known by its night life heavily based on bars.

Museums

The most important museums are the Museu Antropológico da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto Goiano de Pré-História e Antropologia, Fundação Museu de Ornitologia, Museu de Arte Contemporânea and Museu Zoroastro Artiaga. One interesting place is the so-called Memorial do Cerrado

Rock Scene

Goiânia in the morning.

Goiânia is home to one of the most important rock scenes from Brazil. It has started in the early 90s, with the creation of the first independent rock festivals in the city. Indie Labels like Monstro Discos, Two Beers or Not Two Beers and Insetus flourished and have been crucial to support and broadcast the scene, which, due to the fact of being completely independent from the mainstream media, sometimes is not known even to native Goianienses. The main styles are Alternative or Indie rock represented by bands like MQN, Violins, Hang The Superstars, Valentina, NEM, Réu e Condenado, Fantasma de Agnes and Flores Indecentes; punk and hardcore by bands like Desastre, Vacilo, Resistentes, Descarga Negativa, Señores, Umbral and HC-137 and metal with bands like Ressonância Mórfica (unlike most Metal bands they sing in archaic Portuguese) Spiritual Carnage, Eternal Devastation and Euphonia. Indie rock is genre of Alternative rock that primarily exists in the independent Underground music scene Hardcore punk (now usually referred to as simply hardcore) is a subgenre of Punk rock that originated in North America in the late 1970s There are currently two major independent festivals held in the city, Bananada (usually held in May) and Goiânia Noise (usually in December). It's interesting to notice that Goiânia, as the capital of a rural state, has been traditionally influenced by the sertanejo style, strongly connected with the country lifestyle. Música sertaneja or Sertanejo is a term for Brazilian Country music. Though the sertanejo is still an icon of Goiás' culture, the rock scene is seen by some as a response to it, and Goiânia is now a leading center in the undergound rock movement in Brazil.

Health

Goiânia is a national reference in several areas of medicine, especially ophthalmology, neurology, burn treatment, and leprosy.

Health data

• Infant mortality rate: 21. 30 in 1,000 live births (2000)
• Hospitals: 60
• Hospital beds: 6. 037
• Walk-in public health clinics: 667
• Doctors in the public health system: 6,315 (2002)
• Nurses in the public health system: 808
• Dentists in the public health system: 659

Ranking on the Municipal Human Development Index

• HDI-M: 0. 832 (2nd in the state and 115th nationally)
• HDI-M - Income: 0. 813
• HDI-M - Education: 0. 933
• HDI-M - Life expectancy: 0. 751

(Data are from 2000)

Sports

Goiânia is one of the 18 remaining candidates to host games of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, for which Brazil is the only South American bidder. The 2014 FIFA World Cup will be the 20th FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football world championship |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a

Interesting facts

• Goiânia has 1 vehicle for every 1,7 inhabitants. This ranks it first in Brazil for vehicles per capita.
• It has the largest fleet of motorcycles per capita in the country and the second in absolute numbers, losing out only to the city of São Paulo.
• In 1987 the second worst radioactive waste accident happened in the city, second only to Chernobyl. Radioactive wastes are Waste types containing radioactive Chemical elements that do not have a practical purpose See: Goiânia accident. The Goiânia accident was an incident of Radioactive contamination in central Brazil that killed several people and injured many others
• The operating system used by the computers in the city hall is Linux, an open source system. An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination Linux (commonly pronounced ˈlɪnəks Open source is a development methodology which offers practical accessibility to a product's source (goods and knowledge
• Unlike most Brazilian cities, there are no ticket collectors on the buses in Goiânia; all the fares are collected using cards and electronic turnstiles.
• At one time, a subway system was considered. This idea was rejected though.
• Besides cabs, Goiânia has moto-taxis, which are controlled by the city government.

References

External links

• site Photos of Goiânia
• Official site of Goiânia
• Goiânia Yellow Pages
• Photos of Goiânia
• Hotel reservation at Goiânia
• Federal University of Goiás in Goiânia
• [1]

• Goiânia is at coordinates 16°40′52″S 49°15′23″W / -16.681, -49.2565 (Goiânia)Coordinates: 16°40′52″S 49°15′23″W / -16.681, -49.2565 (Goiânia)