| Gogonasus Fossil range: Late Devonian |
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 life restoration of Gogonasus andrewsae
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| Gogonasus andrewsae Long, 1985 |
Gogonasus (meaning "snout from Gogo") was a lobe-finned fish known from 3-dimensionally preserved 380 million-year-old fossils found from the Gogo Formation in Western Australia. Sarcopterygii (from Greek σαρξ sarx, flesh and πτερυξ pteryx, fin is traditionally the class of lobe-finned Fishes consisting The Gogo Formation in the Kimberley region of Western Australia is a world famous Lagerstätte that exhibits exceptional preservation of a Devonian Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. It lived in the late Devonian period, on what was once a 1400 kilometre coral reef off the Kimberley coast surrounding the north-west of Australia. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand Coral reefs are Aragonite structures produced by living organisms found in marine waters with little to no nutrients in the water The Kimberley is one of the nine Regions of Western Australia. Its skeleton shows several features that were like those of a four-legged land animal (tetrapod). Tetrapods ( Greek τετραποδη tetrapoda, Latin Quadruped, "four-footed" are Vertebrate Animals They included the structure of its middle ear, and its fins show the precursors of the forearm bones, the radius and ulna. The middle ear is the portion of the ear internal to the Eardrum, and external to the Oval window of the Cochlea. The forearm is the structure on the Upper limb, between the elbow and the Wrist. Remote Authentication Dial In User Service ( RADIUS) is a networking protocol that provides centralized access authorization and accounting management for people or computers The ulna ( elbow bone) is a long bone prismatic in form placed at the medial side of the Forearm, parallel with the radius. Researchers believe it used its forearm-like fins to dart out of the reef to catch prey.
Gogonasus was first described from a single snout (ethmosphenoid) by John Long (1985). John Long is the name of John Long (politician (c 1419–1478 English Member of Parliament John Long (basketball (b On Long's 1986 expedition to Gogo the first relatively complete skull of Gogonasus was found by Chris Nelson and after being prepared solved a scientific controversy by showing that the inner large fangs of the coronoid bones did not insert into the choana of the palate (Long 1988) as had been suggested by Rosen et al (1981) for Eusthenopteron. FANG is a Japanese Manga series by Yoshihiro Takahashi. Story Characters;Asikari: (Wolf/ German Shepherd Choana (plural Choanae is the posterior nasal aperture The choanae are separated by the Vomer. The palate (ˈpælɨt is the roof of the Mouth in humans and Vertebrate animals Eusthenopteron is a Genus of Prehistoric Lobe-finned fish which has attained an iconic status from its close relationships to Tetrapods In 1990 a combined expedition from the Western Australian Museum and the Australian National University yielded another almost complete skull of Gogonasus, this one found by Dr R. The Western Australian Museum is the main Museum for the state of Western Australia. The Australian National University, commonly abbreviated to ANU, is a public Research university situated in Canberra, Australia. E. Barwick. The full description of its cranial anatomy appeared in Long, J. A. , Barwick, R. E. & Campbell, K. S. W. (1997), although not all aspects of the skull were clear then even from the 3 specimens. In 2005 Long lead another expedition back to Gogo and on July 11th one of the team members, Dr Tim Senden from the Australian National University, found a very well-preserved skeleton of Gogonasus, containing almost the complete fish down to the tip of the tail. The tail is the section at the rear end of an Animal 's Body; in general the term refers to a distinct flexible Appendage to the Torso. It was Dr Senden's first field trip with the other researchers.
The specimen is now held at Museum Victoria, after nearly 4 months of acetic acid preparation by John Long. Museum Victoria is an organization which operates three Museums in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic chemical compound, giving Vinegar its sour taste The new specimen showed some surprising new data not seen in any of the other specimens. Firstly, there were large spiracular openings on top of the skull, with a distinct down folded cosmine-covered lamina of bone present on the tabular bone. This indicated its spiracles were almost as large as in the elpistostegalian fishes (like Tiktaalik) and early tetrapods (eg Acanthostega). Spiracles are small openings on the surface of some Animals that usually lead to Respiratory systems In Elasmobranchs ( Sharks and Tiktaalik (tɪkˈtaːlɪk is a Genus of extinct sarcopterygian (lobe-finned Fish from the late Devonian period Acanthostega is an extinct Tetrapod genus among the first vertebrate animals to have recognizable limbs. Secondly, after preparation of its pectoral fins, the internal limb skeleton showed closer resemblances to that of the elpistostegalians than to other more generalised tetrapodomorph fishes like Eusthenopteron. The Anatomy of Fish is primarily governed by the physical characteristics of Water, which is much denser than air holds a relatively small amount of dissolved Tetrapodomorpha is a Clade of Vertebrates consisting of sarcopterygians with a number of features of Tetrapods Primitive forms like Eusthenopteron is a Genus of Prehistoric Lobe-finned fish which has attained an iconic status from its close relationships to Tetrapods For almost 100 years Eusthenopteron had been the well-used role model for demonstrating stages in the evolution of lobe-finned fishes to tetrapods. Sarcopterygii (from Greek σαρξ sarx, flesh and πτερυξ pteryx, fin is traditionally the class of lobe-finned Fishes consisting Tetrapods ( Greek τετραποδη tetrapoda, Latin Quadruped, "four-footed" are Vertebrate Animals Gogonasus now replaces Eusthenopteron in being a better preserved representative without any ambiguity in interpreting its anatomy (as had been shown for example by Rosen et al. 1981 when erroneously reconstructing ithe fit of the lower jaws to the palate). Gogonasus is in superficial look similar to the generalised tetrapodomorph fishes like Osteolepis from Scotland, but in its advanced features shows that even primitive-looking cosmine-covered forms evolved significant specializations towards becoming tetrapod-like. Osteolepis ('bone scale' is an extinct genus of coelacanthiform Lobe-finned fish from the Devonian period
Gogonasus is just one of the almost 45 species of 3-dimensionally preserved fishes from the Gogo Formation deposit. It is the only Devonian site in the world to yield whole complete fishes in perfect uncrushed preservation in some specimens. The Devonian is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era spanning from to million years ago.
See also
Other fish found in fossils from the Devonian period:
References
- Long, J. Tiktaalik (tɪkˈtaːlɪk is a Genus of extinct sarcopterygian (lobe-finned Fish from the late Devonian period Eusthenopteron is a Genus of Prehistoric Lobe-finned fish which has attained an iconic status from its close relationships to Tetrapods Panderichthys is a 90&ndash130 cm long Fish from the Devonian period 380 million years ago ( Frasnian epoch of Latvia. Coelacanth (ˈsiːləkænθ adaptation of Modern Latin Cœlacanthus > cœl-us + acanth-us from Greek κοῖλ-ος + ἄκανθ-α) is the common name for Materpiscis ( Latin: mother fish) is a Genus of Ptyctodontid placoderm (a class of Extinct, superficially shark-like A. , 1985, "A new osteolepidid fish from the Upper Devonian Gogo Formation of Western Australia", Recs. W. A. Mus. 12, 361–377.
- Long, J. A. 1988, Late Devonian fishes from Gogo, Western Australia. Nat. Geog Research & Exploration 4: 436-450.
- Long, J. A. et al. , 1997, "Osteology and functional morphology of the osteolepiform fish Gogonasus Long, 1985, from the Upper Devonian Gogo Formation, Western Australia", Recs. W. A. Mus. Suppl. 57, 1–89
- Long, J. A. et al. , 2006, "An exceptional Devonian fish from Australia sheds light on tetrapod origins", Nature 444, 199-202
- Long, J. A. 2006. "Swimming in Stone -the amazing Gogo fossils of the Kimberley" Fremantle Arts Centre Press, Fremantle. 320pp. ISBN 1-921064-33-1
- Rosen, D. E. , Forey, P. L. , Gardiner, B. G. & Patterson, C. 1981, Lungfishes, tetrapods, paleontology and plesiomorphy. Bull. Am. musm. Nat. Hist. 167 (4): 159-276.
External links
- Ancient Gogonasus advances evolution, Museum Victoria.
- Photographs and x-ray micro-tomography animation of Gogonasus from ANU
- Gogonasus andrewsae by PZ Myers
- Ancient Fish Fossil May Rewrite Story of Animal Evolution (National Geographic)
- Livescience.com: "Discovery Points to Our Fishy Heritage." (Accessed 10/21/06)
- Fox News: Primitive Fish Skeleton May Link Land, Sea
- Interview with Dr John Long, curator at the Museum of Victoria
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