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Custom simbati from Egypt
Custom simbati from Egypt

The goblet drum (also chalice drum) is a goblet shaped hand drum used mostly in Arabic, Jewish, Assyrian, Persian, Balkan, Greek, Armenian, Azeri and Turkish music. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. A hand drum is any type of Drum that is typically played with the bare Hand rather than a Stick, Mallet, Hammer, or other type of Arabic music or Arab music ( Arabic: موسيقى عربية;) includes several genres and styles of Music ranging from Arabic classical Jewish music, the music of Jews, is quite diverse and dates back thousands of years Assyrian music is divided into three main sections or periods Persian traditional music (also known as Iranian traditional music, Musiqi-e Sonati-e Irani, also Persian classical music or Iranian classical music The music of Southeastern Europe or Balkan music is a type of music distinct from others in Europe The Culture of Greece has evolved over thousands of years with its beginnings in the Mycenaean and Minoan Civilizations, continuing most notably into Classical Greece Armenia is situated close to the Caucasus Mountains, and its music is a mix of indigenous Folk music, perhaps best-represented by Djivan Gasparyan 's well-known Music of Azerbaijan includes various styles that reflect influences from the music of the Iran, Caucasus and Central Asia. The music of Turkey includes diverse elements ranging from Central Asian folk music and music from Ottoman Empire dominions such as Persian music, Its thin, responsive drumhead and resonance help it produce a distinctively crisp sound. A drumhead is a membrane stretched over one or both of the open ends of a Drum. In Physics, resonance is the tendency of a system to Oscillate at maximum Amplitude at certain frequencies, known as the system's It is of ancient origin, and is believed by some to have been invented before the chair.

Contents

Names

Goblet drums have many names, according to location and language.

Technique

Goblet drums are played with a much lighter touch and quite different strokes (sometimes including rolls or quick rhythms articulated with the fingertips) than hand drums such as the djembe, found in Africa. Bukhori (also known as Bukhari, Bukharic, Bukharan, or Bukharian) is an Indo-Iranian language. The tonbak (also tombak, donbak, dombak; in Persian: تمبک, or تُمبَک,تنبک,دمبک,دنبک or zarb A djembe (ˈdʒɛmbeɪ JEM-bay) also known as djimbe, jenbe, jembe, yembe, or sanbanyi in Susu is a skin covered

There are two main types of goblet drums. The Egyptian style has rounded edges around the head, whereas the Turkish style exposes the edge of the head. The exposed edge allows closer access to the head so finger-snapping techniques can be done, but the hard edge discourages the rapid rolls possible with the Egyptian style.

The goblet drum may be played while held under one arm or by placing it between the knees while seated. It produces a resonant, low-sustain sound while played lightly with the fingertips and palm. Some players move their fists in and out of the bell to alter the tone. There are a variety of rhythms (see dumbek rhythms) that form the basis of the folkloric and modern music and dance styles of the Middle East. Dumbek rhythms are a collection of rhythms that are usually played with hand drums such as the Dumbek.

There are two main sounds produced by the goblet drum. The first is called the 'doum'. It is the deeper bass sound produced by striking the head near the center with the length of the fingers and palm. The second is called the 'tek' and is the higher-pitched sound produced by hitting near the edge of the head with the fingertips. A 'tek' struck with the secondary hand is also known as a 'ka'. Additionally, there are more complex techniques including snaps, slaps, pops and rolls that are used to ornament the basic rhythm. Hand clapping and hitting the sides of the drum can be used in addition to drumhead sounds.

Another technique commonly used in Bulgaria (see Music of Bulgaria), Turkey (see:Music of Turkey), and Egypt (see Music of Egypt), and is to tap with the fingers of one hand and with a thin stick in the other. Bulgarian music is part of the Balkan tradition which stretches across Southeastern Europe, and has its own distinctive sound The music of Turkey includes diverse elements ranging from Central Asian folk music and music from Ottoman Empire dominions such as Persian music, Egyptian music has been an integral part of Egyptian culture since ancient times In Turkey the stick is called the çubuk, which means wand, or stick. The Gypsies of most of the countries associated with the goblet drum use this technique. Gypsy (sometimes spelled Gipsy, Gipsey) is a word used to name as a Blanket term, various unrelated ethnic groups or persons fitting the Gypsy Stereotypes

Use in Western classical music

The first known Western classical composition to feature a goblet drum is the opera Les Troyens (1856-1858) by the French composer Hector Berlioz, which calls in the Dance of the Nubian Slaves in Act IV for a tarbuka. Les Troyens (in English The Trojans) is a French Opera in five acts by Hector Berlioz.

The first compositions for goblet drum and orchestra were composed by Halim El-Dabh in the 1950s; his Fantasia-Tahmeel for goblet drum and strings was premiered in New York City in 1958, with a string orchestra conducted by Leopold Stokowski. Halim Abdul Messieh El-Dabh ( Arabic: حليم عبد المسيح الضبع; born in Sakakini, Cairo, Egypt on March 4 WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Leopold Stokowski (born Leopold Anthony Stokowski though on occasion

Notable goblet drum players

External links

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