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| Capra aegagrus hircus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
The domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) is a subspecies of goat domesticated from the wild goat of southwest Asia and Eastern Europe. In biology trinomial nomenclature refers to names for taxa below the rank of species Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for Domestication (from Latin domesticus) refers to the process whereby a Population of Animals The wild goat ( Capra aegagrus) is a widespread Species of goat, with a distribution ranging from Europe and Asia Minor to Central Southwest Asia or Southwestern Asia (largely overlapping with the Middle East) is the southwestern portion of Asia. Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. The goat is a member of the Bovidae family and is closely related to the sheep, both being in the goat antelope subfamily Caprinae. A bovid is any of almost 140 species of Cloven-hoofed Mammals belonging to the family Bovidae.
Domestic goats are one of the oldest domesticated species. For thousands of years, goats have been used for their milk, meat, hair, and skins over much of the world. Milk is an opaque white liquid produced by the Mammary glands of female Mammals (including Monotremes. In modern English usage meat most often refers to Animal tissue used as food mostly Skeletal muscle and associated Fat, but it may also refer [1] In the last century they have also gained some popularity as pets. A pet is an Animal kept for companionship and enjoyment or a househeld animal as opposed to Livestock, Laboratory animals Working animals [2]
Female goats are referred to as does or nannies, intact males as bucks or billies; their offspring are kids. Castrated males are wethers. Castration (also referred to as Gelding, Neutering, Fixing, orchiectomy, and orchidectomy is any action surgical, chemical Goat meat from younger animals is called kid, and from older animals is sometimes called chevon, or in some areas mutton.
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Etymology
The Modern English word "goat" comes from the Old English gat which meant "she-goat", and this in turn derived from Proto-Germanic *gaitaz (compare Old Norse and Dutch geit'(meaning' "goat"), German Geiß' ("she-goat") and Gothic gaits, ("goat")) ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ghaidos meaning "young goat" but also "play" (compare Latin haedus meaning "kid"). Modern English is the form of the English language spoken since the Great Vowel Shift, completed in roughly 1550 Proto-Germanic, or Common Germanic, is the hypothetical common ancestor ( Proto-language) of all the Germanic languages such as modern English Old Norse is the North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Gothic is an extinct Germanic language that was spoken by the Goths. The word for "male goat" in Old English was bucca (which survives as "buck", meaning certain male herbivores) until a shift to "he-goat" (and also "she-goat") occurred in the late 12th century. BUCK is the first full-length Album released by Christian Ska band BUCK Enterprises. "Nanny goat" originated in the 18th century and "billy goat" in the 19th.
History
Goats seem to have been first domesticated roughly 10,000 years ago in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. See also List of French monarchs This is a list of the women who have been Queens consort or Empresses consort of the realm of France. Rambouillet is a commune in the metropolitan area of Paris, France. The Zagros Mountains (جبال زاجروس (رشته كوههاى زاگرس ( Sorani Kurdish: Zagros - زاگرۆس make up Iran 's and Iraq 's For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. [3] Ancient cultures began to keep them for easy access to milk, hair, meat, and skins. Milk is an opaque white liquid produced by the Mammary glands of female Mammals (including Monotremes. Domestic goats were generally kept in herds that wandered on hills or other grazing areas, often tended by goatherds who were frequently children or adolescents, similar to the more widely known shepherd. A goatherd (ˈgoʊtˌhɜrd or a goatherder is a person who herds Goats for a living A shepherd is a person who tends to feeds or guards Sheep, especially in flocks These methods of herding are still used today. Herding is the act of bringing individual animals together into a group ( Herd) maintaining the group and moving the group from place to place&mdashor any combination of
Historically, goat hide has been used for water and wine bottles in both traveling and transporting wine for sale. Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice It has also been used to produce parchment, which was the most common material used for writing in Europe until the invention of the printing press. Parchment is a thin material made from Calfskin, Sheepskin or goatskin. A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a medium (such as paper or cloth thereby transferring an image
Anatomy
Most goats naturally have two horns, of various shapes and sizes depending on the breed. A horn is a pointed projection of the Skin on the head of various Mammals consisting of a covering of horn ( Keratin and other Proteins While horns are a predominantly male feature, some breeds of goats have horned females. Polled (hornless goats) are not uncommon and there have been incidents of polycerate goats (having as many as eight horns), although this is a genetic rarity thought to be inherited. Their horns are made of living bone surrounded by keratin and other proteins and are used for defense, dominance, and territoriality. Keratins are a family of fibrous structural proteins; tough and insoluble they form the hard but nonmineralized structures found in Reptiles Birds Proteins are large Organic compounds made of Amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by Peptide bonds between the Carboxyl [4]
Goats are ruminants. Physiologically a ruminant is a Mammal of the order Artiodactyla that digests plant-based food by initially softening it within the animal's first stomach known They have a four-chambered stomach consisting of the rumen, the reticulum, the omasum, and the abomasum. The rumen, also known as a paunch, forms the larger part of the Reticulorumen, which is the first chamber in the Alimentary canal of Ruminant Reticulum (rɨˈtɪkjələm Reticle) is one of the minor southern Constellations It was introduced in the early 17th century by the astronomer Isaac Habrecht The omasum, also known as the bible, the fardel The abomasum, also known as the maw, and the rennet-bag
Goats have horizontal slit-shaped pupils, an adaptation which increases peripheral depth perception. The pupil is the hole that is located in the center of the iris of the eye and that controls the amount of light that enters the Eye. Peripheral vision is a part of vision that occurs outside the very center of gaze Depth perception is the visual ability to perceive the world in three Dimensions Although any animal capable of moving around its environment must be able to [5]. Because goats' irises are usually pale, the pupils are much more visible than in animals with horizontal pupils but very dark irises, such as sheep, cattle and most horses. The iris consists of Pigmented Fibrovascular tissue known as a stroma.
Both male and female goats have beards, and many types of goats may have wattles, one dangling from each side of the neck. A wattle is a fleshy Dewlap or Caruncle hanging from various parts of the head or neck in several groups of birds goats and other animals
Some breeds of sheep and goats appear superficially similar, but goat tails are short and point up, whereas sheep tails hang down and are usually longer (though some are short, and some long ones are docked). Docking is used as a term for the intentional removal of part of an animal's Tail or Ears The term
Reproduction
In some climates, goats are able to breed at any time of the year. In Biology, mating is the pairing of opposite- Sex or hermaphroditic Organisms for copulation and in Social animals also to raise their In temperate climates and among the Swiss breeds, the breeding season commences as the day length shortens, and ends in early spring. Does of any breed come into heat every 21 days for 2 to 48 hours. Oestrus is also the biological genus name of the gadfly. The estrous cycle (also oestrous cycle; derived from Latin A doe in heat typically flags her tail often, stays near the buck if one is present, becomes more vocal, and may also show a decrease in appetite and milk production for the duration of the heat.
Bucks (intact males) of Swiss and northern breeds come into rut in the fall as with the doe's heat cycles. The Rut is the period of time when antlered Ungulates mate Ungulates include Deer, Sheep, Elk, Moose, Caribou, Rut is characterized by a decrease in appetite and obsessive interest in the does.
In addition to natural mating, artificial insemination has gained popularity among goat breeders, as it allows easy access to a wide variety of bloodlines. AIH redirects here For the indie rock band abbreviated AIH see Architecture in Helsinki Artificial insemination (AI is the process by which A breeder is a person who practices the vocation of mating carefully selected specimens of the same Breed to reproduce specific consistently replicable qualities and characteristics
Gestation length is approximately 150 days. Gestation is the carrying of an Embryo or Fetus inside a Female Viviparous Animal. Twins are the usual result, with single and triplet births also common. Twins are Offspring resulting from the same Pregnancy, either of the same or opposite Sex. A multiple birth occurs when more than one Fetus is carried to term in a single Pregnancy. Less frequent are litters of quadruplet, quintuplet, and even sextuplet kids. A multiple birth occurs when more than one Fetus is carried to term in a single Pregnancy. A multiple birth occurs when more than one Fetus is carried to term in a single Pregnancy. A multiple birth occurs when more than one Fetus is carried to term in a single Pregnancy. Birthing, known as kidding, generally occurs uneventfully. Right before kidding the doe will have a sunken area around the tail and hip. Also she will have heavy breathing, a worried look, become restless and show great display of affection for her keeper. The mother often eats the placenta, which gives her much needed nutrients, helps stanch her bleeding, and is believed by some to reduce the lure of the birth scent for predators. Placentophagy (from 'placenta' + Greek φαγειν, to eat is the act of Mammals Eating the Placenta
Freshening (coming into milk production) occurs at kidding. Milk production varies with the breed, age, quality, and diet of the doe; dairy goats generally produce between 660 to 1,800 L (1,500 and 4,000 lb) of milk per 305 day lactation. The litre or liter (see spelling differences) is a unit of Volume. Lactation describes the secretion of Milk from the Mammary glands the process of providing that milk to the young and the period of time that a Mother On average, a good quality dairy doe will give at least 6 lb (2. 7 l) of milk per day while she is in milk, although a first time milker may produce less, or as much as 16 lb (7. 3 l) or more of milk in exceptional cases. Meat, fiber, and pet breeds are not usually milked and simply produce enough for the kids until weaning. A pet is an Animal kept for companionship and enjoyment or a househeld animal as opposed to Livestock, Laboratory animals Working animals Weaning is the process of gradually introducing a Mammal Infant, either human or animal to what will be its adult diet and withdrawing the supply of its mother's
Diet
Goats are reputed to be willing to eat almost anything. The digestive systems of a goat allow nearly any organic substance to be broken down and used as nutrients.
Contrary to this reputation, they are quite fastidious in their habits, preferring to browse on the tips of woody shrubs and trees, as well as the occasional broad leaved plant. However, it can fairly be said that goats will eat almost anything in the botanical world. Their plant diet is extremely varied and includes some species which are otherwise toxic[6] or detrimental to cattle and sheep. This makes them valuable for controlling noxious weeds and clearing brush and undergrowth. WEED (1390 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Spanish format [7] They will seldom consume soiled food or contaminated water unless facing starvation. Starvation (also called inanition) is a severe reduction in Vitamin, Nutrient, and Energy intake and is the most extreme form of This is one of the reasons why goat rearing is most often free ranging since stall-fed goat rearing involves extensive upkeep and is seldom commercially viable. Free range is a method of Farming Husbandry where the Animals are allowed to roam freely instead of being contained in any manner
Goats do not usually consume garbage or clothing, although they will occasionally eat items made primarily of plant material, which can include wood. WASTE is a Peer-to-peer and Friend-to-friend protocol and software application developed by Justin Frankel at Nullsoft in 2003 that features Clothing (also called clothes, accoutrements, accouterments, or habiliments) protects the Human body from extreme Weather They have an intensely inquisitive and intelligent nature: they will explore anything new or unfamiliar in their surroundings. They do so primarily with their prehensile upper lip and tongue. Prehensility or Prehensile is the quality of an Appendage or organ that has adapted for grasping or holding This is why they investigate items such as buttons, camera cases or clothing (and many other things besides) by nibbling at them, occasionally even eating them.
The digestive physiology of a very young kid (like the young of other ruminants) is essentially the same as that of a monogastric animal. Physiologically a ruminant is a Mammal of the order Artiodactyla that digests plant-based food by initially softening it within the animal's first stomach known A monogastric organism has a simple single chambered Stomach, and is the alternate gastric complex to a four-chambered complex stomach known as a Ruminant. Milk digestion begins in the abomasum, the milk having bypassed the rumen via closure of the reticular/esophageal groove during suckling. The abomasum, also known as the maw, and the rennet-bag At birth the rumen is undeveloped, but as the kid begins to consume solid feed, the rumen soon increases in size and in its capacity to absorb nutrients.
Goats will consume, on average, 4. 5 units of dry matter per 100 units of body-weight per day.
Goat uses
A goat is useful to humans both alive and dead, first as a renewable provider of milk and fibre, and then as meat and hide. Some charities provide goats to impoverished people in poor countries, because goats are easier and cheaper to manage than cattle, and have multiple uses. The definition of charitable organization, and of charity varies according to the country and in some instances the region of the country in which the charitable organization operates Poverty (also called penury) is deprivation of common necessities that determine the quality of life including food clothing shelter and safe Drinking water, and Cattle, colloquially referred to as cows, are domesticated Ungulates a member of the Subfamily Bovinae of the family In addition, goats are used for driving and packing purposes.
For instance, the intestine is used to make "catgut", which is still in use as a material for internal human sutures. Catgut is the name applied to cord of great toughness and tenacity prepared from the Intestines of the Sheep or Goat, or occasionally from those of the The horn of the goat, which signifies wellbeing (Cornucopia) is also used to make spoons etc. The cornucopia ( Latin: Cornu Copiae) is a symbol of food and abundance dating back to the 5th century BC, also referred to as horn 'o' plenty A spoon is a Utensil consisting of a small shallow bowl at the end of a handle used primarily for serving and eating Liquid, or semi-liquid foods and solid foods [8]
Meat
The taste of goat meat is similar to that of lamb meat; in fact, in some parts of Asia, particularly India, the word "mutton" is used to describe both goat and lamb meat. However, some feel that it has a similar taste to veal or venison, depending on the age and condition of the goat. Veal is the Meat of Venison is the Culinary name for Meat from the family Cervidae. It can be prepared in a variety of ways including stewed, curried, baked, grilled, barbecued, minced, canned, or made into sausage. A stew is a combination of Solid Food Ingredients that have been Cooked in Water or other water-based liquid typically by Simmering Curry is the English description of any of a general variety of spicy dishes best known in Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Sri Lankan For the device used to cook see Grill (cooking, for other uses see Grill. barbeque block party Kansas cityjpg|thumb|right|275px|A barbecue on a trailer at a Block party in Kansas City. Canning is a method of preserving food in which the food is processed and sealed in an airtight container A sausage is a prepared Food, usually made from Ground meat, animal fat salt and Spices (sometimes with other ingredients such as herbs typically packed Goat jerky is also another popular variety. Jerky is Meat that has been cut into strips trimmed of fat Marinated in a spicy salty or sweet liquid and then dried with low heat (usually under 70°C/160°F In India, the rice-preparation of mutton biryani uses goat meat as its primary ingredients to produce a rich taste. Biryani, biriani, or beriani ( Nastaliq script: بریانی Devanagari script: बिरयानी Bengali script: িবিরয়ানी "Curry goat" is a traditional West Indian dish. The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting
Nutritionally, goat meat is healthier than mutton as it is lower in fat and cholesterol, and comparable to chicken. Lamb, hogget, and mutton are the meat of Domestic sheep. The meat of an animal in its first year is lamb; that of an older sheep is hogget Cholesterol is a Lipid found in the Cell membranes and transported in the Blood plasma of all Animals It is an essential component of mammalian The chicken ( Gallus gallus, sometimes G gallus domesticus) is a domesticated Fowl which is traditionally believed to have descended from It also has more minerals than chicken,[9] and is lower in total and saturated fats than other meats. Saturated fat is Fat that consists of Triglycerides containing only saturated Fatty acids Explanation Fat that occurs [10] One reason for the leanness is that goats do not accumulate fat deposits or "marbling" in their muscles; chevon (goat meat) must ideally be cooked longer and at lower temperatures than other red meats. [11] It is popular in the Middle East, South Asia, Africa, northeastern Brazil, the West Indies, and Belize. The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting Belize (bəˈliːz formerly British Honduras, is a country in Central America. Chevon, as yet, is not popular in most western nations, though it is among the fastest growing sectors of the livestock industry in the US.
Other parts of the goat including organs are also equally edible. Special delicacies include the brain (where legal) and liver. The brain is the center of the Nervous system in animals All Vertebrates and the majority of Invertebrates have a brain The liver is a vital organ in the human body and is present in Vertebrates and some other animals The head and legs of the goat may be smoked and used to prepare unique spicy dishes and soup. Smoking is the process of flavoring, Cooking, or preserving Food by exposing it to the Smoke from burning or smoldering plant materials A spice is a dried Seed, Fruit, Root, Bark or vegetative substance used in Nutritionally insignificant quantities as a Food additive Soup is a Food that is made by combining ingredients such as Meat and Vegetables in stock or hot/boiling Water, until the flavor
One of the most popular goats grown for meat is the South African Boer, introduced into the United States in the early 1990s. The New Zealand Kiko is also considered a meat breed, as is the Myotonic or "fainting goat", a breed originating in Tennessee. A fainting goat is a breed of Domestic goat whose muscles freeze for roughly 10 seconds when the goat is startled
Milk, butter and cheese
Some goats are bred for milk, which can be drunk fresh, although pasteurization is recommended to reduce naturally occurring bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Milk is an opaque white liquid produced by the Mammary glands of female Mammals (including Monotremes. Staphylococcus aureus (ˌstæfɨləˈkɒkəs ˈɔriəs literally "Golden Cluster Seed" and also known as golden staph) is the most common cause of [12] If the strong-smelling buck is not separated from the does, his scent will affect the milk. Goat milk is commonly processed into cheese, goat butter, ice cream, cajeta and other products. Cheese is a Food made from Milk, usually the milk of cows, Buffalo, Goats or sheep, by coagulation. Butter is a Dairy product made by churning fresh or fermented Cream or Milk. Ice cream or ice-cream (originally iced cream) is a frozen dessert made from Dairy products such as Milk and Cream, combined Cajeta is a Mexican Confection of thickened Syrup that in its most common incarnation is made of sweetened caramelized Milk.
Goat milk can successfully replace cow milk in diets of those who are allergic to cow milk. [13] However, like cow milk, goat milk has lactose (sugar) and may cause gastrointestinal problems for individuals with lactose intolerance. Lactose (also referred to as milk sugar) is a Sugar which is found most notably in Milk. Lactose intolerance is the inability to metabolize Lactose, a sugar found in Milk and other Dairy products because the required enzyme [13] It also contains a form of Casein, a Protein in all Mammal's milk. See Casein paint for information about casein usage in artistic painting Proteins are large Organic compounds made of Amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by Peptide bonds between the Carboxyl
Goat's milk is naturally homogenized, which means the cream remains suspended in the milk, instead of rising to the top, as in raw cow's milk. If the milk is from healthy animals and is kept scrupulously clean it can be drunk raw.
Many dairy goats, in their prime, average 6 to 8 pounds of milk daily (roughly 3 to 4 quarts) during a ten-month lactation, giving more soon after freshening and gradually dropping in production toward the end of their lactation. The milk generally averages 3. 5 percent butterfat. Butterfat or milkfat is the Fatty portion of Milk. Milk and cream are often sold according to the amount of butterfat they contain A doe may be expected to reach her heaviest production during her third or fourth lactation. [14] It is also said that "formula derived from goats' milk is unsuitable for babies who are lactose intolerant as it contains similar levels of lactose to cow's-milk-based infant formulae. "[15]
Goat butter is white (compared to yellow butter from cow's milk) because the goats produce milk with the yellow beta-carotene converted to a colorless form of vitamin A. Butter is a Dairy product made by churning fresh or fermented Cream or Milk. Beta-carotene is an Organic compound - a Terpenoid, a red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruits
Goat cheese is known as chèvre in France, after the French word for "goat". Goat's milk cheese, goat cheese or chèvre ( French for goat) is Cheese made from Goat milk French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Some varieties include Rocamadour and Montrachet. Rocamadour is a French cheese from the regions of Périgord and Quercy. [16] Feta is a well-known Greek variety that may be made with a blend of goat and sheep milk. Feta ( φέτα, also spelled fetta) is a brined Curd Cheese traditionally made in Greece with goat's and
Fiber
Some goats are bred for the fiber from their coats. The Angora goat (Ankara keçisi is a Goat from the Angora region in Anatolia, near present-day Ankara, Turkey. Fiber or fibre is a class of Materials that are continuous filaments or are in discrete elongated pieces similar to lengths of thread. Most goats have softer insulating hairs nearer the skin, and longer guard hairs on the surface. Guard hairs are the longest most coarse hairs in a Mammal 's coat forming the topcoat (or outer coat) The desirable fiber for the textile industry is the former, and it goes by several names (mohair, fleece, goat wool, cashmere, etc. The Textile industry (also known in the United Kingdom and Australia as the Rag Trade) is a term used for industries primarily concerned with the design , explained below). The coarse guard hairs are worthless as they cannot be spun or dyed. The proportion and texture varies between breeds, and has been a target of selective breeding for millennia. See Breed (song for the song by Nirvana. See Breed (video game for the video game by Brat Designs This article focuses on selective breeding in domesticated animals
The Cashmere goat produces a fiber, cashmere wool, which is one of the best in the world. The changthangi or pashmina goat is a breed of Goat from Ladakh, usually raised for meat or Cashmere wool (also known as Pashmina Cashmere wool, usually simply known as cashmere, and sometimes known as Pashmina, is a fiber obtained from the Cashmere goat. It is very fine and soft. Most goats produce cashmere fiber to some degree, however the Cashmere goat has been specially bred to produce a much higher amount of it with fewer guard hairs.
The Angora breed produces long, curling, lustrous locks of mohair. Mohair usually refers to a Silk -like fabric or Yarn made from the Hair of the Angora goat. The entire body of the goat is covered with mohair and there are no guard hairs. The locks constantly grow and can be four inches or more in length. Angora crossbreeds, such as the pygora and the nigora, have been created to produce mohair and/or cashmere wool in a smaller, easier-to-manage animal. Nigora goats are Goats that are produced primarily by the Crossbreeding of a Nigerian Dwarf and an Angora goat. Mohair usually refers to a Silk -like fabric or Yarn made from the Hair of the Angora goat. Cashmere wool, usually simply known as cashmere, and sometimes known as Pashmina, is a fiber obtained from the Cashmere goat.
Goats do not have to be slaughtered to harvest the wool, which is instead shorn (cut from the body) in the case of Angora goats, or combed, in the case of Cashmere goats. However, the Angora goat usually gets shorn twice a year with an average yield of about 10 pounds while the Cashmere goat grows its fiber once a year and it takes about a week to comb out by hand, yielding only about 4 ounces.
The fiber is made into products such as sweaters and doll's hair. Both cashmere and mohair are warmer per ounce than wool and are not scratchy or itchy or as allergenic as wool. Wool is the fiber derived from the specialized skin cells called follicles of animals in the Caprinae family principally sheep, but the hair of certain species Both fibers command a higher price than wool, compensating for the fact that there is less fiber per goat than there would be wool per sheep.
In South Asia, cashmere is called "pashmina" (from Persian pashmina, "fine wool") and these goats are called pashmina goats (these well-fleeced animals are often mistaken for sheep). Pashmina refers to a type of fine Cashmere wool and the Textiles made from it Since these goats actually belong to the upper Kashmir and Laddakh region, their wool came to be known as "cashmere" in the West. This article is about the geographical region of greater Kashmir Ladakh ( Ladakhi lad̪ɑks लदाख لدّاخ "land of high passes" is a region in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir between The pashmina shawls of Kashmir, with their intricate embroidery, are very famous. A shawl ( Persian شال Shāl from Sanskrit: साडी śāṭī is a simple item of Clothing, loosely worn over the shoulders upper body and arms
Goat breeds
Goat breeds fall into somewhat overlapping, general categories. A pygmy goat is a small breed of domestic Goat. Although they produce a large amount of Milk for their size and can be eaten pygmy goats are not typically used The Southern Nevada Zoological-Botanical Park, informally known as the Las Vegas Zoo, is a, nonprofit Zoological park and Botanical garden located in
Feral
- Auckland Island Goat (extinct)
- British feral goat
- San Clemente Island goats
Dairy
- Alpine:French Alpine,British Alpine,American Alpine
- Anglo-Nubian or, in the United States, simply "Nubian". The Auckland Island Goat was a Feral breed of domestic Goat ( Capra aegagrus hircus) found on Auckland Island, New Zealand. San Clemente Island goats first arrived on San Clemente Island from Santa Catalina Island in 1875 The Anglo-Nubian, or simply Nubian in the United States is a breed of domestic Goat. This breed is considered a dual-purpose milk and meat breed in some areas.
- Golden Guernsey
- La Mancha
- Nigerian Dwarf
- Oberhasli
- Rove
- Saanen
- Sable Saanen
- Stiefelgeiss
- Toggenburg
- Kinder
- Canarian goats: Majorera (Island of Fuerteventura), Palmera (Island of La Palma), etc. The Golden Guernsey is a rare breed of Goat from the Bailiwick of Guernsey on the Channel Islands. The LaMancha is a type of dairy Goat noted for its apparent lack of or much reduced external Ears. The Nigerian Dwarf goat is a miniature dairy Goat breed of West African ancestry The Oberhasli is a breed of Dairy goat from the eponymous district of the Canton of Berne ( Switzerland) Saanen goats are a white or cream-colored breed of Goat, named for the Saanen valley in Switzerland. The Sable Saanen is a breed of Goat. The Sable is descended from Saanen goats brought to America by Europeans Stiefelgeiss is a breed of domestic mountain goats originating in the highlands of St The Toggenburg is a breed of Goat, named after the region in Switzerland where the breed originated the Toggenburg valley The domestic goat ( Capra aegagrus hircus) is a subspecies of goat Domesticated from the Wild goat of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe The Canary Islands ( English pronunciation kəˈnæriː ˈaɪləndz Spanish: Islas Canarias, ˈizlas kaˈnarjas are a Spanish The cabra majorera or Fuerteventura goat is a species of Dairy Goat native to the Canary Islands. Fuerteventura, a Spanish Island, is one of the Canary Islands, in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa.
Fiber
Meat
- Boer
- Kiko
- Rove
- Spanish
- Stiefelgeiss
- Fainting
- Pygmy
- GeneMaster
- Kalahari Red
- Savanna
Companion
- Pygmy
- Nigerian Dwarf
- Australian Miniature Goat
Skin
Showing
Goat breeders' clubs frequently hold shows, where goats are judged on traits relating to conformation, udder quality, evidence of high production, longevity, build and muscling (meat goats and pet goats) and fiber production and the fiber itself (fiber goats). A breeder is a person who practices the vocation of mating carefully selected specimens of the same Breed to reproduce specific consistently replicable qualities and characteristics A show is a judged event or display in the Hobby of Animal fancy or in the occupation of Animal husbandry. An Udder is the mammary organ of Female Cattle and some other Mammals including Goats and Sheep. People who show their goats usually keep registered stock and the offspring of award-winning animals command a higher price. Registered goats, in general, are usually higher-priced if for no other reason than that records have been kept proving their ancestry and the production and other data of their sires, dams, and other ancestors. A registered doe is usually less of a gamble than buying a doe at random (as at an auction or sale barn) because of these records and the reputation of the breeder. Children's clubs such as 4-H also allow goats to be shown. 4-H in the United States is a Youth organization administered by the Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service (CSREES of the United States Children's shows often include a showmanship class, where the cleanliness and presentation of both the animal and the exhibitor as well as the handler's ability and skill in handling the goat are scored. In a showmanship class, conformation is irrelevant since this is not what is being judged.
Various "Dairy Goat Scorecards" (milking does) are systems used for judging shows in the US. The American Dairy Goat Association (ADGA) scorecard for an adult doe includes a point system of a hundred total with major factors including general appearance, the dairy character of a doe (physical traits that aid and increase milk production), body capacity, and specifically for the mammary system. Young stock and bucks are judged by different scorecards which place more emphasis on the other three categories; general appearance, body capacity, and dairy character.
The American Goat Society (AGS)] has a similar, but not identical scorecard that is used in their shows. The miniature dairy goats may be judged by either of the two scorecards. The "Angora Goat scorecard" used by the Colored Angora Goat Breeder's Association or CAGBA (which covers the white and the colored goats) includes evaluation of an animal's fleece color, density, uniformity, fineness, and general body confirmation. Disqualifications include: a deformed mouth, broken down pasterns, deformed feet, crooked legs, abnormalities of testicles, missing testicles, more than 3 inch split in scrotum, and close-set or distorted horns. The pastern is a part of the horse between the Fetlock joint and the Hoof, or between the wrist and forepaw of a Dog.
In religion
Goats are mentioned many times in the Bible. Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin A goat is considered a "clean" animal by Jewish dietary laws and was slaughtered for an honored guest. It was also acceptable for some kinds of sacrifices. Goat-hair curtains were used in the tent that contained the tabernacle (Exodus 25:4). Exodus ( Greek: έξοδος eksodos = "departure" is the second book of the Jewish Torah and of the Christian Old Testament. On Yom Kippur, the festival of the Day of Atonement, two goats were chosen and lots were drawn for them. Yom Kippur (יוֹם כִּפּוּר ˈjɔm kiˈpur also known in English as the Day of Atonement, is the most solemn and important of the Jewish holidays Its One was sacrificed and the other allowed to escape into the wilderness, symbolically carrying with it the sins of the community. From this comes the word "scapegoat". scapegoat was a Goat that was driven off into the wilderness as part of the ceremonies of Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement in Judaism during the times A leader or king was sometimes compared to a male goat leading the flock. In the New Testament, Jesus told a parable of The Sheep and the Goats. Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) A parable is a brief succinct story in Prose or verse, that illustrates a Moral or Religious lesson The Sheep and the Goats or "The Judgment of the Nations" was a discourse of Jesus recorded in the New Testament. (Gospel of Matthew 25)
Goats are also often prevalent in Satanic and occult imagery. The Gospel of Matthew (Gk Κατά Ματθαίον Ευαγγέλιον is one of the four Canonical gospels in the New Testament and is a Synoptic gospel
Feral goats
Domestic goats have established themselves in the wild in many places in the world. Feral goat is the name given to the domestic Goat ( Capra aegagrus hircus) when it has become established in the wild Feral goats occur in Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain, the Galapagos and in many other parts of the world. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands When feral goats reach large populations in habitats which are not adapted to them, they may have serious negative effects, such as removing native scrub, trees and other vegetation. A tree is a perennial Woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or However, in other circumstances they may become a natural component of the habitat.
References
- ^ Coffey, Linda, Margo Hale, and Ann Wells; "Goats: Sustainable Production Overview.
- ^ McLeod, Lianne; "Goats as Pets" at About. com.
- ^ anonymous; "Goat busters track domestication", Science News 8 April 2000.
- ^ Goat Medicine: Horns
- ^ Experiments On The Function Of Slit-Form Pupils, Toronto Univ. Studies in Psychology v. 2
- ^ "War on Weeds," Rails to Trails Magazine, Spring 2004, p. 3
- ^ "War on Weeds," Rails to Trails Magazine, Spring 2004, p. 3
- ^ anonymous; Goat-Horn Spoon.
- ^ Addrizzo, John R. ; "Use of Goat Milk and Goat Meat as Therapeutic Aids in Cardiovascular Diseases", Meat Goat Production Handbook.
- ^ Luginbuhl, Jean-Marie; "Meat Goat Production in North Carolina" — North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension. North Carolina State University at Raleigh is a public, Coeducational extensive Research University located in Raleigh North Carolina
- ^ anonymous; "UF, FAMU Work to Make Goat Part of Mainstream American Diet", UF News 2 August 2001.
- ^ Ekici, K, &alii; "Isolation of Some Pathogens from Raw Milk of Different Milch Animals", Pakistan Journal of Nutrition v 3 (2004) #3, pp 161-162.
- ^ a b The World's Healthiest Foods. "Milk, goat."
- ^ American Dairy Goat Association
- ^ Professor Martin Marshall - Deputy Chief Medical Officer - Department of Health (22 August 2006). WITHDRAWAL FROM SALE OF INFANTS MILKS BASED ON GOATS' MILK ON 17 SEPTEMBER 2006 (HTML) (english). non-urgent memo. Department of Health. Retrieved on 2007-08-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid
- ^ Encyclopedia
See also
External links
- Goat breeds
- Goat resources
- Goat care and feeding guide
- Abraham Lincoln's sons kept pet goats inside the White House
- The American Dairy Goat Association Home Page
- Ruminations, The Nigerian Dwarf and Mini Dairy Goat Magazine
- American Goat Society
- Miniature Dairy Goat Association
- How to keep fires down in California scrub: Chew it.
- International Goat Association
Dictionary
goat
-noun
- Any of various ruminant mammals, of the genus Capra, related to the sheep. A group of goats is referred to as a tribe or a herd.
- (slang) A lecherous man.
- (informal) A scapegoat
-verb
- (transitive) To allow goats to feed on.
- (transitive) To scapegoat.
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