A goal or objective consists of a projected state of affairs which a person or a system plans or intends to achieve or bring about — a personal or organizational desired end-point in some sort of assumed development. The term person is used in Common sense to mean an individual Human being. System (from Latin systēma, in turn from Greek systēma is a set of interacting or interdependent Entities, real or abstract Many people endeavor to reach goals within a finite time by setting deadlines.
A desire or an intention becomes a goal if and only if one activates an action for achieving it (see goal-oriented). Intention (criminal|Intentions An agent 's intention in performing an action is his or her specific Purpose in doing so the end ↔ A system person or organization that tends to achieve a goal and demonstrate it in subsequent actions
It is roughly similar to purpose or aim, the anticipated result which guides action, or and end, which is an object, either a physical object or an abstract object, that has intrinsic value. Purpose is the Cognitive Awareness in Cause and effect linking for achieving a Goal in a given System, whether For other uses of Object see Object. In Philosophy, an object is a thing an Entity, or a Being. In Physics, a physical body (sometimes called simply a body or even an object) is a collection of Masses taken to be one For other uses see Abstract In Philosophy it is commonly considered that every object is either abstract or concrete Intrinsic value is an ethical and philosophic property. It is the ethical or Philosophic value that an object has "in itself" or "for its
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Goal and types of goals
component of personal-development literature. Goal Setting involves establishing specific measurable and time targeted objectives Self-help or self-improvement refers to self-guided improvement—economically intellectually or emotionally—most frequently with a substantial psychological or spiritual
Short-term goals
Short-term goals expect accomplishment in a short period of time, such as trying to get a bill paid in the next few days. The definition of a short-term goal need not relate to any specific length of time. In other words, one may achieve (or fail to achieve) a short-term goal in a day, week, month, year, etc. The time-frame for a short-term goal relates to its context in the overall timeline that it is being applied to. For instance, one could measure a short-term goal for a month-long project in days; whereas one might measure a short-term goal for someone’s life in months or in years. Personal life (or everyday life or human existence) is the course of an individual Human 's life especially when viewed as the sum of personal choices Planners usually define short-term goals in relation to a long-term goal or goals.
Project goals
Goal-setters may make goals/objectives more explicit by following the guidelines associated with the SMART[1] acronym:
- Specific: one should precisely define objectives or goals rather than tolerating diffuseness or nebulousness
- Measurable: one should define a method of measuring the objectives/goals
- Agreed-To/Achievable: all parties need to agree to the objectives/goals, and to their achievability
- Realistic/Rewarding/Relevant: one must define realistic objectives/goals, the accomplishment of which must make sense
- Time-bound: completion must occur within an agreed time-scale
Personal goals
Individuals can have personal goals. SMART is a Mnemonic used in Project management at the Project objective setting stage A student may set a goal of a high mark in an exam. An athlete might walk five miles a day. A traveler might try to reach a destination-city within three hours.
Managing goals can give returns in all areas of personal life. Personal life (or everyday life or human existence) is the course of an individual Human 's life especially when viewed as the sum of personal choices Knowing precisely what one wants to achieve makes clear what to concentrate and improve on.
Goal setting and planning ("goalwork") promotes long-term vision and short-term motivation. Goal Setting involves establishing specific measurable and time targeted objectives VisiCorp 's VisiOn was a short-lived but influential Graphical user interface -based Operating environment program for IBM PC compatible Motivation is the reason or reasons for engaging in a particular behavior especially Human behavior as studied in Philosophy, Conflict, Economics It focuses acquisition of knowledge and helps to organize resources.
Efficient goalwork includes recognizing and resolving any guilt, inner conflict or limiting belief that might cause one to sabotage one's efforts. ---- Guilt is the Fact, state or Verdict (by a Court or other Tribunal) of an Offence, Crime, Violation By setting clearly-defined goals, one can subsequently measure and take pride in the achievement of those goals. One can see progress in what might have seemed a long grind.
Cultural attitudes to the desirability and efficacy of personal goals may differ. For example, the idea of personal goals may clash with the trend of eliminating/transcending the personal self in some forms of Buddhist thought. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices
Achieving personal goals
Achieving complex and difficult goals requires focus, long-term diligence and effort. FOCUS is a software product of Information Builders Inc Originally developed for data handling and analysis on the IBM mainframe, as newer systems were developed Success in any field will require foregoing blaming, excuses and justifications for poor performance or lack of adequate planning; in short, success requires emotional maturity. To blame is to hold another person or group responsible for perceived faults whether these faults are real imagined or merely invented for pejorative purposes One's emotional age is the age of an individual expressed in terms of the chronological age of an average normal individual showing the same degree of emotional maturity The measure of belief that people in their ability to achieve a personal goal also affects that achievement. [2]
Long term achievements rely on short-term achievements. Emotional control over the small moments of the single day makes a big difference in the long term.
By accepting a degree of realism within one's own goals, one allows oneself not to change reality to match one's own dreams by one's own efforts alone, but to accept how it is until a certain degree. This degree of "laziness" can prevent one from falling into unhappiness by losing too much control of life by trying to specialize in a very small area and to become a top leader in that field. The word leadership can refer to Those entities that perform one or more acts of leading No matter what level of a layerered society one may identify with, it is very likely that one will keep the above and below scheme.
On the other side, to put up personal goals does not necessarily mean merely to put up goals for one's own best. One does not need to put personal and non-personal in a binary opposition as in egoistic/altruistic, body/mind, cultural/natural etc. One may say that there are elements in the making and realising personal goals that necessarily are transpersonal. The term Transpersonal is often used to refer to psychological categories that transcend the normal features of ordinary ego-functioning In the interzone of the personal and transpersonal, the personal but also culturally dependent judgements of tastes and values will be challenged, and probably changed. In such personal processes, that might be termed "crisis", which often occurs in the processes of achieving personal goals, the hierarchised up-and-down, better-or-worse scheme can be altered. A crisis (plural crises may occur on a personal or societal level
One formula for achievement reads A=IM where A = achievement, I = intelligence, and M = motivation. When motivation equals zero, achievement will always equal zero, no matter the degree of intelligence. Similarly for intelligence: if intelligence equals zero, achievement will always equal zero. The higher the combination of both intelligence and the motivation, the higher the achievement.
Goal-management in organizations
Organizationally, goal management consists of the process of recognizing or inferring goals of individual team-members, abandoning no longer relevant goals, identifying and resolving conflicts among goals, and prioritizing goals consistently for optimal team-collaboration and effective operations.
For any successful commercial system, it means deriving profits by making the best quality of goods or the best quality of services available to the end-user (customer) at the best possible cost. Commerce is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of goods and services from producer to final consumer System (from Latin systēma, in turn from Greek systēma is a set of interacting or interdependent Entities, real or abstract A service is the non-material equivalent of a good. A service provision is an economic activity that does not result in Ownership, and this is what differentiates A customer is someone who makes use of the paid products of an individual or Organization. Goal-management includes:
- assessment and dissolution of non-rational blocks to success
- time-management
- frequent reconsideration (consistency checks)
- feasibility checks
- adjusting milestones and main-goal targets
Morten Lind and J. Rasmussen distinguish three fundamental categories of goals related to technological system management:
- production goal
- safety goal
- economy goal
An organizational goal-management solution ensures that individual employee goals and objectives align with the vision and strategic goals of the entire organization. Goal-management provides organizations with a mechanism to effectively communicate corporate goals and strategic objectives to each person across the entire organization. The key consists of having it all emanate from a pivotal source and providing each person with a clear, consistent organizational-goal message. With goal-management, every employee will understand how his or her efforts contribute to the success of an enterprise.
An example of goal types in business management:
- consumer goals: this refers to supplying a product or service that the market/consumer wants
- product goals: this refers to supplying a product outstanding compared to other products — perhaps due to the likes of quality, design, reliability and novelty
- operational goals: this refers to running the organization in such a way as to make the best use of management-skills, technology and resources.
- secondary goals: this refers to goals which an organization does not regard as priorities
References
- ^ Armstrong. M. (2006) A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice, 10th edition Kogan Page, London ISBN 0 7494 4631 5
- ^ Hargreaves, Julie: The 3 Keys To Achievement, Oct 2003, http://www.hark.net.au/articles/achievement.htm
- Eliyahu M. Goldratt, Jeff Cox. The Goal: A Process of Ongoing Improvement. ISBN 0-88427-061-0
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See also
- Big Hairy Audacious Goal
- Direction of fit
- Goal Programming as part of Operations Research
- Goal-Setting Theory
- Goal Theory
- Management by objectives
- Strategic management
- Strategic planning
- SWOT Analysis
Dictionary
goal
-noun
- A result that one is attempting to achieve.
- In many sports, an area into which the players attempt to put an object.
- The act of placing the object into the goal.
- Point(s) scored in a game as a result of placing the object into the goal.
- A noun or noun phrase that receives the action of a verb. The subject of a passive verb or the direct object of an active verb. Also called a patient, target, or undergoer.
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