?गोंय गोवा Goa India
Panaji
Coordinates: 15°29′35″N 73°49′05″E / 15.493, 73.818
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
Area	3,702 km² (1,429 sq mi)
Capital	Panaji
Largest city	Vasco da Gama
District(s)	2
Population • Density	1,400,000 (25th) • 363 /km² (940 /sq mi)
Language(s)	Konkani↑
Governor	SC Jamir
Chief Minister	Digambar Kamat
Established	1987-05-30
Legislature (seats)	Unicameral (40)
ISO abbreviation	IN-GA
Website: goagovt.nic.in
"↑"Konkani is the sole official language but Marathi is also allowed to be used for any or all official purposes. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Panaji ( Konkani: पणजी /pɵɳɟĩ/) is the capital of the Indian state of Goa. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Indian Standard Time ( IST) is the time observed throughout India and Sri Lanka, with a Time offset of UTC+530. UTC+530 is the Timezone for Indian Standard Time Sri Lanka Time The geography of India is diverse with landscape ranging from snow-capped mountain ranges to deserts plains rainforests hills and plateaus To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions we list here areas between 1000 km2 and 10000 km2 Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of Indian state Panaji ( Konkani: पणजी /pɵɳɟĩ/) is the capital of the Indian state of Goa. Vasco da Gama ( Konkani / Marathi: वास्को (often shortened to Vasco) is a small city in Goa state on the west coast of India A district is an administrative division of a state in India India is divided into twenty-eight states and seven Union territories (UT In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume This is a list of the States of India in order of population The Constitution of India envisages Hindi as the primary official language to be used by the Union Government, with English as the subsidiary official language Konkani ( Devanāgarī: कोंकणी Roman: Konknni Kannada: ಕೊಂಕಣಿ Malayalam: കൊങ്കണി IAST The Governor of Goa is a Nominal head and representative of the President of India in the state of Goa. Sanayangba Chubatoshi Jamir (born October 17 1931) is an Indian politician currently serving as Governor of Maharashtra. The Chief minister of Goa is the head of government of the state of Goa in India. Digambar Kamat (दिगंबर कामत is a politician from Goa, and since June 2007 he is the Chief Minister of Goa The States Reorganization Act of 1956 was a major reform of the boundaries and governance of India 's states and territories. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following Unicameralism is the practice of having only one legislative or Parliamentary chamber ISO 3166-2 is the second part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO ISO 3166-2IN is an ISO standard which defines Geocodes it is the subset of ISO 3166-2 which applies to India. Konkani ( Devanāgarī: कोंकणी Roman: Konknni Kannada: ಕೊಂಕಣಿ Malayalam: കൊങ്കണി IAST Marathi (mr मराठी Marāṭhī) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of what is considered western India. [1][2]
Seal of Goa

Coordinates: 15°29′35″N 73°49′05″E / 15.493, 73.818 Goa pronunciation (help·info) (Konkani: गोंय /ɡɔ̃j/) is India's smallest state in terms of area and the fourth smallest in terms of population. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Konkani ( Devanāgarī: कोंकणी Roman: Konknni Kannada: ಕೊಂಕಣಿ Malayalam: കൊങ്കണി IAST India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country India is a union of states comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. This is a list of the States of India in order of population Located on the west coast of India in the region known as the Konkan, it is bounded by the state of Maharashtra to the north, and by Karnataka to the east and south, while the Arabian Sea forms its western coast. The Konkan (Marathi कोकण also called the Konkan Coast or Karavali, is a rugged section of the western coastline of India from Raigad Maharashtra ( Marathi: mahārāṣṭra, IPA) is a state located on the western coast of India. Karnataka (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ pronounced) is a state in the southern part of India The Arabian Sea ( Arabic: بحر العرب transliterated: Baḥr al-'Arab Sanskrit: सिन्धु सागर transliterated:

Panaji (also referred to as Panjim) is the state's capital. Panaji ( Konkani: पणजी /pɵɳɟĩ/) is the capital of the Indian state of Goa. Vasco da Gama (sometimes shortened to Vasco) is the largest city. Vasco da Gama ( Konkani / Marathi: वास्को (often shortened to Vasco) is a small city in Goa state on the west coast of India The historic city of Margao still exhibits the influence of Portuguese culture. Salcette taluk Margao ( Konkani: मडगांव is Goa 's second largest but busiest town the commercial capital of the state and the administrative headquarters Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Portuguese first landed in Goa as merchants, in the early 16th century, and conquered it soon after. The Portuguese colony existed for about 450 years (one of the longest held colonial possessions in the world), until it was taken over by India in 1961. This article is about a type of political territory For other uses see Colony (disambiguation. ^[3][4]

Renowned for its beaches, temples and world heritage architecture, Goa is visited by hundreds of thousands of international and domestic tourists each year. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex It also has rich flora and fauna, owing to its location on the Western Ghats range, which is classified as a biodiversity hotspot. In Botany, flora ( Plural: floras or florae has two meanings The first meaning flora of an area or of time period, refers to all Fauna is all of the Animal life of any particular region or time The Western Ghats ( Kannada ಸಹ್ಯಾದ್ರಿ Marathi / Konkani - सह्याद्री Sahyadri Malayalam സഹ്യപര്‍വ്വതം A biodiversity hotspot is a Biogeographic region with a significant reservoir of biodiversity that is threatened with destruction One of the most developed states in India, Goa enjoys a high standard of living.

Contents 1 Origin of name 2 History 2.1 Portuguese influence 2.2 Opposition 2.3 Other European powers 2.4 Indian takeover 3 Geography and climate 4 Subdivisions 5 Flora and fauna 6 Economy 7 Transport 8 Demographics 9 Culture 10 Architecture 11 Sports 12 Government and Politics 13 Media and Communication 14 Education 15 See also 16 References 17 External links

Origin of name

The name Goa came to European languages from the Portuguese colonisers, but its precise origin is unclear. The name Goa is said to have been derived from the Konkani word 'Goy', which means a patch of tall grass. The Indian epic Mahabharata refers to the area now known as Goa, as 'Goparashtra' or 'Govarashtra"' which means a nation of cowherds. 'Gopakapuri' or 'Gopakapattanam' were used in some ancient Sanskrit texts, and these names were also mentioned in other sacred Hindu texts such as the Harivansa and the Skanda Purana. Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical Harivansa, a chapel in Old Goa, is an example of Portuguese architecture from the Portuguese colonisers Skanda Purana, one of the major eighteen Puranas, a Hindu religious text is the largest Purana and is devoted mainly to the life and deed of Kartikeya In the latter, Goa is also known as "Gomanchala". Gove, Govapuri, Gopakpattan, Gomantak and Gomant are some other names that the region is referred to in certain inscriptions and texts such as the Puranas. Goa ( Konkani: गोंय /ɡɔ̃j/ is India 's smallest state in terms of area and the fourth smallest in terms of population. For other meanings see Purana (disambiguation. The Puranas ( Sanskrit: sa पुराण purāṇa, "of ancient times" . Goan Hindus refer to Goa as Gomantak.

History

Main article: History of Goa

Goa's known history stretches back to the 3rd century BC, when it formed part of the Mauryan Empire. The Maurya Empire ( 322 – 185 BCE) ruled by the Mauryan dynasty was a geographically extensive and powerful political and military ^[5] It was later ruled by the Satavahanas of Kolhapur, around 2000 years ago it was passed on to the Chalukya Dynasty, who controlled it between 580 to 750. The Sātavāhanas ( Marathi: सातवाहन Telugu:శాతవాహనులు were a Dynasty which ruled from Junnar ( WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kolhapur ( Marathi:कोल्हापूर is a city situated in the south west corner of The Chalukya dynasty ( Kannada: ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು ʧaːɭukjə was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and Central Over the next few centuries Goa was successively ruled by the Silharas, the Kadambas and the Chalukyas of Kalyani, rulers of Deccan India. The Hindu Silhara dynasty ruled the region around present-day Mumbai between 810 and 1240. The Kadamba Dynasty ( Kannada:ಕದಂಬರು (345 - 525 CE was an ancient royal family of Karnataka that ruled from Banavasi in present The Western Chalukya Empire ( Kannada: ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ) ruled most of the western Deccan, South ^[6] The Kadambas, a local Hindu dynasty based at Chandrapura, (present day Chandor - Salcete), laid an indelible mark on the course of Goa's pre-colonial history and culture. The Kadamba Dynasty ( Kannada:ಕದಂಬರು (345 - 525 CE was an ancient royal family of Karnataka that ruled from Banavasi in present

In 1312, Goa came under the governance of the Delhi Sultanate. The Delhi Sultanate ( Urdu: دلی سلطنت, दिल्ली सलतनत or Sultanat e Hind ( سلطنتِ هند; सलतनत ए However, the kingdom's grip on the region was weak, and by 1370 they were forced to surrender it to Harihara I of the Vijayanagara empire. Harihara I, (1336-1356 CE also called Hakka ಹಕ್ಕ and Vira Harihara I, was the founder of the Vijayanagara empire. The Vijayanagara Empire ( Kannada: ವಿಜಯನಗರ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ Telugu: విజయనగర సామ్రాజ్యము was a South The Vijayanagara monarchs held on to the territory until 1469, when it was appropriated by the Bahmani sultans of Gulbarga. The Bahmani Sultanate (Also called the Bahmanid Empire was a Muslim state of the Deccan in southern India and one of the great medieval Indian kingdoms Kalburgi (formerly Gulbarga; Kannada:ಕಲಬುರ್ಗಿ is a town in the Indian state of Karnataka. After that dynasty crumbled, the area fell to the hands of the Adil Shahis of Bijapur who made Velha Goa their auxiliary capital. The Adil Shahi or Adilshahi dynasty ruled the Sultanate of Bijapur in the Western area of the Deccan region of Southern India from 1490 The Adil Shahi or Adilshahi dynasty ruled the Sultanate of Bijapur in the Western area of the Deccan region of Southern India from 1490

Portuguese influence

In 1498, Vasco da Gama became the first European to set foot in India through a sea route, landing in Calicut (Kozhikode) in Kerala, followed by an arrival in what is now known as Old Goa. Dom Vasco da Gama, 1st Count of Vidigueira ('vaʃku dɐ 'gɐmɐ ( Sines or Vidigueira, Alentejo, Portugal, ca WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> For the district with the same name see Kozhikode District. Kerala ( Malayalam: {{Kerala in Malayalam}}; WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Goa Velha or Adlem Gõi or Pornne Gõi is a Census town in North Goa district Goa, then a term referring to the City of Goa on the southern bank of the River Mandovi, was the largest trading centre on India's western coast. The Mandovi River is described as the lifeline of the state of Goa, India. The Portuguese arrived with the intention of setting up a colony and seizing control of the spice trade from other European powers after traditional land routes to India had been closed by the Ottoman Turks. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. The Ottoman Turks were the subdivision of the Ottoman Muslim Millet that dominated the ruling class of the Ottoman Empire. Later, in 1510, Portuguese admiral Afonso de Albuquerque defeated the ruling Bijapur kings with the help of a local ally, Timayya, leading to the establishment of a permanent settlement in Velha Goa (or Old Goa). Admiral is the rank, or part of the name of the ranks of the highest Naval officers Dom Afonso de Albuquerque (or Afonso d'Albuquerque - disused (ɐˈfõsu dɨ aɫbuˈkɛɾk(ɨ (1453 Alhandra - Goa, December 16 1515 was a Portuguese Timoji (also referred to as Timoja or Timayya) was a Hindu privateer who served the Vijayanagara Empire and the Portuguese during the first decade of the The Portuguese intended it to be a colony and a naval base, distinct from the fortified enclaves established elsewhere along India's coasts.

Opposition

In 1668, Chatrapti Shivaji captured five towns in North Goa and ordered renovation of "Saptkotishwar" temple at the present site during one of his campaigns to oust the Portuguese. Chhatrapati (also Chatrapati) is an honorific or an imperial title for an Indian ruler Shivaji Bhosle, also known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Raje Bhosle ( Marathi: छत्रपती शिवाजीराजे भोसले (Born February Even after repetitive attempts, he was not able to win Goa from the Portuguese. [20]In 1685, Chatrapti Sambhaji captured capital Panaji and penetrated his Maratha army peacefully in entire Central and North Goa but could not retain Goa and again moved to Deccan plateau to handle the situation arisen due to sudden attack of Mogul. Sambhaji Raje Bhonsle ( Marathi: धर्मवीर संभाजी राजे भोसले ( May 14, 1657 &ndash March 11, Panaji ( Konkani: पणजी /pɵɳɟĩ/) is the capital of the Indian state of Goa.

With the imposition of the Inquisition (1560–1812), many of the local residents were forcibly converted to Christianity by missionaries, threatened by punishment or confiscation of land, titles or property. The Goa Inquisition was the office of the Inquisition acting in the Indian state of Goa and the rest of the Portuguese empire in Asia Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings ^[7] Many converts however retained parts of their Hindu heritage. To escape the Inquisition and harassment, thousands fled the state, settling down in the neighbouring towns of Mangalore and Karwar in Karnataka, and Savantwadi in Maharashtra. Mangalore ( Kannada:, Mangalūru; Tulu: Kudla, ಕುಡ್ಲ Konkani: Kodial, ಕೊಡಿಯಾಲ್ WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Karwar ( Kannada: '''ಕಾರವಾರ''' Konkani / Marathi - कर्वार WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Sawantwadi ( Marathi: सावंतवाडी (sometimes also written as "Sawantvadi"

Other European powers

With the arrival of the other European powers in India in the 16th century, most Portuguese possessions were surrounded by the British and the Dutch. The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Goa soon became Portugal's most important possession in India, and was granted the same civic privileges as Lisbon. Lisbon (Lisboa liʒˈboɐ is the Capital and largest city of Portugal. In 1843 the capital was moved to Panjim from Velha Goa. Panaji ( Konkani: पणजी /pɵɳɟĩ/) is the capital of the Indian state of Goa. By mid-18th century the area under occupation had expanded to most of Goa's present day state limits.

Indian takeover

After India gained independence from the British in 1947, Portugal refused to accede to India's demand to relinquish their control of its enclave. Resolution 1541 by the United Nations General Assembly in 1960 noted that Goa was non-self-governing and favoured self determination. Membership For two articles dealing with membership in the General Assembly see General Assembly members Self-determination is defined as free choice of one’s own acts without external compulsion and especially as the freedom of the people of a given Territory to determine their Finally, on December 12, 1961, the Indian army with 40,000 troops moved in as part of Operation Vijay. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Indian Army (Bharatiya Thalsena भारतीय थाल्सेना is one of the armed forces of India and has the responsibility for land-based The Invasion of Goa, also known as the Liberation of Goa or Portuguese-Indian War, codenamed Operation Vijay by the Government of India was the Fighting lasted for twenty-six hours before the Portuguese garrison surrendered. Goa, along with Daman and Diu (enclaves lying to the north of Maharashtra), was made into a centrally administered Union Territory of India. Daman and Diu ( Gujarati: દમણ અને દિવ Marathi: दमण आणि दीव Portuguese: Damão e Diu is a Union territory A Union Territory is a sub-national administrative division of India. India's takeover of Goa is commemorated on December 19 (Liberation Day). Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. The UN Security Council considered a resolution condemning the invasion which was vetoed by the Soviet Union. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Most nations later recognised India's action, and Portugal recognised it after the Carnation Revolution in 1974. The Carnation Revolution (Revolução dos Cravos was an almost bloodless military-led pro-democratic Coup d'état, started on April 25, 1974, in Lisbon On May 30, 1987, the Union Territory was split, and Goa was elevated as India's twenty-fifth state, with Daman and Diu remaining Union Territories. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar)

Geography and climate

Goa encompasses an area of 3,702 km² (1,430 sq mile). Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. It lies between the latitudes 14°53'54" N and 15°40'00" N and longitudes 73°40'33" E and 74°20'13" E. Most of Goa is a part of the coastal country known as the Konkan, which is an escarpment rising up to the Western Ghats range of mountains, which separate it from the Deccan Plateau. The Konkan (Marathi कोकण also called the Konkan Coast or Karavali, is a rugged section of the western coastline of India from Raigad The Western Ghats ( Kannada ಸಹ್ಯಾದ್ರಿ Marathi / Konkani - सह्याद्री Sahyadri Malayalam സഹ്യപര്‍വ്വതം The highest point is the Sonsogor, with an altitude of 1,167 meters (3,827 feet). Sonsogor is the highest peak in the state of Goa, India, at 1167  Metres (3827  feet) The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Goa has a coastline of 101 km (63 miles). The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States

Goa's main rivers are the Mandovi, the Zuari, the Terekhol, Chapora River and the Betul. The Mandovi River is described as the lifeline of the state of Goa, India. The Zuari River is the largest river in the state of Goa, India. North Goa comprises the coastal subdivisions of Bardez and Pernem as well as the inland ones of Bicholim and Sattari. The Chapora River was once an important waterway which in every direction commanded distant approaches Betul River can refer to Sal River (Russia tributary of Don Betul River (India The Mormugao harbor on the mouth of the river Zuari is one of the best natural harbors in South Asia. The Zuari and the Mandovi are the lifelines of Goa, with their tributaries draining 69% of its geographic area. Goa has more than forty estuarine, eight marine and about ninety riverine islands. The total navigable length of Goa's rivers is 253 km (157 miles). Goa has more than three hundred ancient tanks built during the rule of the Kadamba dynasty and over a hundred medicinal springs. An irrigation tank or tank in India refers to an artificial lake or Reservoir of any size

Most of Goa's soil cover is made up of laterites which are rich in ferric aluminium oxides and reddish in color. Laterite (from the Latin word "later" meaning brick or tile is a surface formation in hot and wet tropical areas which is enriched in Iron and Aluminium Ferric is a term that means containing or having to do with Iron, derived from the Latin word ferrum, meaning "iron" WikipediaNaming Red is any of a number of similar Colors evoked by light consisting predominantly of the longest wavelengths of Light discernible by the human eye in the wavelength Further inland and along the river banks, the soil is mostly alluvial and loamy. Alluvium (from the Latin, alluvius, from alluere, "to wash against" is Soil or Sediments deposited by a river or other running Loam is Soil composed of Sand, Silt, and Clay in relatively even concentration (about 40-40-20% concentration respectively considered The soil is rich in minerals and humus, thus conducive to plantation. Humus (Origin 1790–1800 Latin: earth ground) is the organic material in Soil lending it a dark brown or black colouration Some of the oldest rocks in the Indian subcontinent are found in Goa between Molem and Anmod on Goa's border with Karnataka. This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia For geopolitical treatments see South Asia. Molem is a Latin word meaning " Matter " as in the Motto " Mens agitat molem " meaning Mind over matter. The rocks are classified as Trondjemeitic Gneiss estimated to be 3,600 million years old, dated by the Rubidium isotope dating method. Gneiss (ˈnaɪs is a common and widely distributed type of rock formed by high-grade regional metamorphic processes from preexisting formations that were originally Rubidium (ruːˈbɪdiəm /rəˈbɪdiəm/ is a Chemical element with the symbol Rb and Atomic number 37 A specimen of the rock is exhibited in the Goa University. University was established in 1985 and merged with the Centre for Post Graduate Instruction and Research (CPIR of the University of Bombay (now Mumbai) that functioned at state-capital

Goa, being in the tropical zone and near the Arabian Sea, has a warm and humid climate for most of the year. The Tropics are centered on the Equator and limited in Latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere at approximately 23°26' (23 The Arabian Sea ( Arabic: بحر العرب transliterated: Baḥr al-'Arab Sanskrit: सिन्धु सागर transliterated: Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air In daily language the term "humidity" is normally taken to mean Relative humidity. The month of May is the hottest, seeing day temperatures of over 35 °C (95 °F) coupled with high humidity. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 The monsoon rains arrive by early June and provide a much needed respite from the heat. A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind which lasts for several months Most of Goa's annual rainfall is received through the monsoons which last till late September.

Goa has a short cool season between mid-December and February. These months are marked by cool nights of around 20 °C (68 °F) and warm days of around 29 °C (84 °F) with moderate amounts of humidity. Further inland, due to altitudinal gradation, the nights are a few degrees cooler. During March 2008 Goa was lashed with heavy rain and strong winds. This was the first time in 29 years that Goa had seen rain during March.

Subdivisions

The state is divided into two districts: North Goa and South Goa. A district is an administrative division of a state in India India is divided into twenty-eight states and seven Union territories (UT North Goa is one of the two districts that make up the state of Goa, India. South Goa is one of the two districts that comprise the state of Goa, India. Panaji is the headquarters of the north Goa district and Margao of the south district. Panaji ( Konkani: पणजी /pɵɳɟĩ/) is the capital of the Indian state of Goa. Salcette taluk Margao ( Konkani: मडगांव is Goa 's second largest but busiest town the commercial capital of the state and the administrative headquarters Each district is governed by a district collector, an administrator appointed by the Indian government. The District Collector is a Central Indian Government appointee who is in charge of the governance of a district in a state.

The districts are further divided into eleven talukas – Talukas of North Goa are Bardez, Bicholim, Pernem, Ponda, Satari and Tiswadi, the talukas of South Goa are Canacona, Mormugao, Quepem, Salcete and Sanguem. A tehsil ( Urdu: تحصیل) (or tahsil, tahasil, taluka, taluk, taluq, mandal) is an Administrative division Bardez is the name of a region in North Goa. The name is credited to the Brahmin immigrants who migrated to the Konkan via Magadha in Gangetic WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Bicholim ( Konkani - Bicholim) is a city and a Municipal council in North Goa WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> For the taluk with the same name see Pernem taluk Pernem ( Konkani WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Ponda ( Konkani: फोंडा/Fonde is a city and a Municipal council in North Tiswadi is a Taluka of North Goa district of the state of Goa, India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> For the taluk see Canacona taluk Canacona Or कनकोना WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Mormugao or Marmagao (formerly Mormugão in Portuguese) is a city and a Municipal WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Quepem is a town and a Municipal council in South Goa district in the Indian Salcete is a Taluka (a unit of administration of South Goa District in the Indian state of Goa. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Sanguem is a city and a Municipal council in South Goa district in the Indian Headquarters of the respective talukas are Mapusa, Bicholim, Pernem, Ponda, Valpoi, Panjim, Chaudi, Vasco, Quepem, Margao and Sanguem. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Valpoi or Valpoy in Konkani is a city and a Municipal council in North Goa district

In the Parliament of India, Goa has two seats in the Lok Sabha, one representing each district, and one seat in the Rajya Sabha. The Parliament of India (or Sansad) is the federal and supreme Legislative body of India. The Lok Sabha (also titled the House of the People, by the Constitution) is the directly elected Lower house of the Parliament of India The Rajya Sabha (meaning the "Council of States" is the Upper house of the Parliament of India.

Flora and fauna

Main article: Flora and fauna of Goa

Forest cover in Goa stands at 1,424 km², most of which is owned by the government. A forest is an area with a high density of Trees There are many definitions of a forest based on various criteria Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of Government owned forest is estimated at 1224. 38 km² whilst private is given as 200 km². Most of the forests in the state are located in the interior eastern regions of the state. The Western Ghats, which form most of eastern Goa, have been internationally recognised as one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world. The Western Ghats ( Kannada ಸಹ್ಯಾದ್ರಿ Marathi / Konkani - सह्याद्री Sahyadri Malayalam സഹ്യപര്‍വ്വതം In the February 1999 issue of National Geographic Magazine, Goa was compared with the Amazon and Congo basins for its rich tropical biodiversity. The National Geographic Magazine is the official journal of the National Geographic Society. The Congo River (for a time known as the Zaire River) is the largest River in Western Central Africa.

Goa's state animal is the Gaur, the state bird is the Ruby Throated Yellow Bulbul, which is a variation of Black-crested Bulbul, and the state tree is the Asan. The gaur (ˈɡaʊɚ ( Bos gaurus, previously Bibos gauris) is a large dark-coated bovine animal of South Asia and Southeast Asia. The Black-crested Bulbul, Pycnonotus melanicterus, is a member of the Bulbul family of Passerine Birds It is resident breeder in tropical southern Terminalia elliptica (syn T alata Heyne ex Roth T tomentosa (Roxb

The important forests products are bamboo canes, Maratha barks, chillar barks and the bhirand. Bamboo is a group of Woody perennial Evergreen Plants in the True grass family Poaceae, subfamily Garcinia indica is a Fruit tree, of Culinary, Pharmaceutical, and industrial uses Coconut trees are ubiquitous and are present in almost all areas of Goa barring the elevated regions. The Coconut Palm ( Cocos nucifera) is a member of the Family Arecaceae (palm family A large number of deciduous vegetation consisting of teak, sal, cashew and mango trees are present. Botany Autumn leaf color. See --> In Botany and Horticulture, deciduous Plants, including Teak ( Tectona) is a genus of tropical Hardwood Trees in the family Verbenaceae, native to the south and southeast of Asia The cashew ( Anacardium occidentale; Syn Anacardium curatellifolium A Mangoes belong to the genus Mangifera, consisting of numerous species of tropical fruiting Trees in the Flowering plant family Anacardiaceae Fruits include jackfruits, mangos, pineapples and blackberries. See also Mangifera caesia The jackfruit ( Artocarpus heterophyllus) is a species of Tree of the mulberry family ( Moraceae) Mangoes belong to the genus Mangifera, consisting of numerous species of tropical fruiting Trees in the Flowering plant family Anacardiaceae Pineapple ( Ananas comosus) is the common name for an edible Tropical Plant and also its Fruit It is native to the southern part of Brazil The BlackBerry is a Wireless Handheld device introduced in 1999 as a two-way pager

Foxes, wild boars and migratory birds are found in the jungles of Goa. A fox is an Animal belonging to any one of about 27 Species (of which only 12 actually belong to the Vulpes genus or 'true foxes' of small The boar or wild boar ( Sus scrofa) is an Omnivorous, gregarious Mammal of the biological family Suidae. Bird migration refers to the regular seasonal journeys undertaken by many species of Birds Bird movements include those made in response to changes in food availability The avifauna includes kingfishers, mynas and parrots. Kingfishers are small bright colored Birds of the three families Alcedinidae ( River kingfishers, Halcyonidae ( Tree kingfishers, and Cerylidae ( Water Distinguish from Miner and Minor. The mynas (also spelt mynahs) are birds of the Starling family Parrots are birds of the roughly 350 Species in 85 genera comprising the order Psittaciformes, found in most warm and tropical regions Numerous types of fish are also caught off the coast of Goa and in its rivers. Crabs, lobsters, shrimps, jellyfish, oysters and catfish form some of the piscine catch. Crabs are decapod Crustaceans of the infraorder Brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting "tail" (βραχύ / brachy Clawed lobsters compose a family ( Nephropidae, sometimes also Homaridae) of large marine Crustaceans Lobsters are economically important as True shrimp are swimming decapod Crustaceans classified in the Infraorder Caridea, found widely around the world in both fresh Jellyfish are free-swimming members of the phylum Cnidaria. They have several different basic morphologies that represent several different cnidarian classes including the The common name oyster is used for a number of different groups of Bivalve Mollusks most of which live in marine habitats or Brackish water. Catfish ( order Siluriformes) are a very diverse group of bony Fish. Goa also has a high snake population, which keeps the rodent population in control. A snake is an elongate Reptile of the suborder Serpentes Like all reptiles snakes are covered in scales. Rodentia is an order of Mammals also known as rodents, characterised by two continuously-growing incisors in the upper and lower jaws which must Goa has many famous National Parks, including the renowned Salim Ali bird sanctuary. A national park is a reserve of land usually declared and owned by a national Government, protected from most Human development and pollution Salim Ali may refer to Salim Ali (ornithologist, (1896-1987 Indian ornithologist Salim Ali (Al Qaeda, alias of Khalid Shaikh Mohammed Other wildlife sanctuaries include the Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary, Molem Wildlife Sanctuary, Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary, Madei Wildlife Sanctuary, Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary Mahaveer Wildlife Sanctuaryand the Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary located on the island of Chorao. Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Northeastern Goa, India. Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park is a 240 km² protected area located in Sanguem Taluk along the eastern border of Goa, in The Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Canacona Taluka (or South Goa district of Goa, in India. Madei Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Sattari takula (district of Goa, in India. Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Eastern Goa, India. Mahaveer Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Goa, India, in the Eastern Ghats and the borders of Karnataka. The Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary is a Bird sanctuary located on western tip of the Island of Chorao along the river Mandovi Goa, in India Chorao is an island along the river Mandovi near Panaji, Goa, India.

Goa has more than 33% of its geographic area under government forests (1224. 38 km²) of which about 62% has been brought under Protected Areas (PA) of Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Park. Since there is a substantial area under private forests and a large tract under cashew, mango, coconut, etc. plantations, the total forest and tree cover constitutes 56. 6% of the geographic area.

Economy

Gross State Domestic Product at Current Prices (in millions of Indian Rupees)[8] figures in crores of Indian Rupees
Year	Gross State Domestic Product
1980	3,980
1985	6,550
1990	12,570
1995	33,190
2000	76,980

Goa's gross state domestic product for 2004 is estimated at $3 billion in current prices. Goa is India's richest state with a GDP per capita two and a half times that of the country as a whole, and one of its fastest growth rates: 8. 23% (yearly average 1990–2000).

Tourism is Goa's primary industry: it handles 12%^[9] of all foreign tourist arrivals in India. Goa has two main tourist seasons: winter and summer. In the winter time, tourists from abroad (mainly Europe) come to Goa to enjoy the splendid climate. In the summertime (which, in Goa, is the rainy season), tourists from across India come to spend the holidays. Tourism is generally focused on the coastal areas of Goa, with decreased tourist activity inland. In 2004 there were more than 2 million tourists reported to have visited Goa, 400,000 of which were from abroad.

The land away from the coast is rich in minerals and ores and mining forms the second largest industry. Mining is the extraction of valuable Minerals or other geological materials from the earth usually (but not always from an Ore body Mining in Goa focuses on ores of iron, Bauxite, manganese, clays, limestone and silica. Iron ores are rocks and Minerals from which Metallic Iron can be economically extracted Bauxite is the most important Aluminium Ore. It consists largely of the minerals Gibbsite Al(OH3 Boehmite γ-AlO(OH and Manganese (ˈmæŋgəniːz is a Chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 The Chemical compound silicon dioxide, also known as silica or silox (from the Latin " Silex " is an Oxide The Marmagao Port handled 31. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Mormugao or Marmagao (formerly Mormugão in Portuguese) is a city and a Municipal 69 million tonnes of cargo last year, and accounts for over 39% of India's Iron Ore exports. The leaders in the Goan Iron Ore industry include Sesa Goa (now owned by Vedanta) and Dempo

Agriculture, while of shrinking importance to the economy over the past four decades, offers part-time employment to a sizable portion of the populace. Rice is the main agricultural crop, followed by areca, cashew and coconut. Rice is a Cereal foodstuff which forms an important part of the diet of many people worldwide and as such it is a staple food for many Areca is a Genus of about 50 species of single-stemmed palms in the family Arecaceae, found in humid Tropical forests The cashew ( Anacardium occidentale; Syn Anacardium curatellifolium A The Coconut Palm ( Cocos nucifera) is a member of the Family Arecaceae (palm family The fishing industry provides employment for about forty thousand people, though recent official figures indicate a decline of the importance of this sector and also a fall in catch, perhaps coupled with the fact that traditional fishing has given way to large-scale mechanised trawling. Medium scale industries include the manufacturing of pesticides, fertilisers, tyres, tubes, footwear, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, wheat products, steel rolling, fruits and fish canning, cashew nuts, textiles, brewery products. A pesticide is a substance or mixture of substances used to kill a pest. Fertilizers ( also spelt fertiliser are chemical compounds given to Plants to promote growth they are usually applied either through the soil for uptake by plant This article is about tires used on road Vehicles including pneumatic tires and solid tires. Footwear consists of Garments worn on the feet, for protection against the environment and Adornment. A chemical substance is a Material with a definite chemical composition. Wheat ( Triticum spp is a worldwide cultivated grass from the Levant area of the Middle East. A brewery is a dedicated building for the making of Beer, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of beer's history Goa is also notable for its low liquor prices due to its very low excise duty on alcohol. Excise or Excise tax (sometimes called an excise duty) is a type of Tax charged on goods produced within the country (as opposed to Customs duties In Chemistry, an alcohol is any Organic compound in which a Hydroxyl group ( - O[[hydrogen H]]) is bound to a Carbon Another source of cash inflow into the state comes from many of its citizens who work abroad and remit money to their families. Zuari Industries (2005 gross income Rs. 36,302 million) and Sesa Goa (2005 gross income Rs. 17,265 million) are two S&P CNX 500 conglomerates which have corporate offices in Goa. The Goa government has recently decided to not allow any more special economic zones(SEZs) in Goa. This is in stark contrast to policy followed by other states of India. SEZs are known to bring tax revenues for the government and employment option for local citizens since industries flock there for lower tax rates as compared to other areas. Currently there are 16 planned SEZs in Goa. This decision was taken by state government after strong opposition to SEZs by political parties and Goa catholic church. ^[10]

Transport

Goa's sole airport, the Dabolim Airport, is both a military and civilian airport catering to domestic and international airlines that stop en route to other Indian destinations. Dabolim Airport is located in the village of Dabolim in Goa, India. In addition to regular flights, the airport handles a large number of chartered flights. Goa receives International flights from Dubai, Sharjah and Kuwait in the Middle East and from the United Kingdom, Germany and Russia during the charter flight tourist season. Dabolim airport is serviced by the following carriers - Air India, Indian Airlines, Air Deccan, Kingfisher airlines, Go air, Spice jet, Jet Airways besides Charter flights from Thomas Cook (condor) etc.

Goa's public transport largely consists of privately operated buses linking the major towns to rural areas. Government-run buses, maintained the Kadamba Transport Corporation, links both major routes (like the Panjim–Margao route) and some remote parts of the state. Kadamba Transport Corporation is a Government of Goa road transport undertaking In large towns such as Panjim and Margao, intra-city buses ply. However, public transport in Goa is less developed, and residents depend heavily on their own transport, usually motorised two-wheelers. Goa has two National Highways passing through it. NH-17 runs along India's west coast and links Goa to Bombay in the north and Mangalore to the south. Mangalore ( Kannada:, Mangalūru; Tulu: Kudla, ಕುಡ್ಲ Konkani: Kodial, ಕೊಡಿಯಾಲ್ NH-4A running across the state connects the capital Panjim to Belgaum in east, linking Goa to cities in the Deccan. Belgaum ( The NH-17A connects NH-17 to Mormugao Harbour from Cortalim, and the new NH-17B, once complete will be a four lane highway connecting Mormugao Harbour to NH-17 at another location, Verna, via Dabolim airport. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Mormugao or Marmagao (formerly Mormugão in Portuguese) is a city and a Municipal Dabolim Airport is located in the village of Dabolim in Goa, India. Goa has a total of 224 km (139 mi) of National highway, 232 km (144 mi) of state highway and 815 km of district highway.

Hired forms of transport include unmetered taxis, and, in urban areas, auto rickshaws. An auto rickshaw or tuk tuk ( auto autorick or rickshaw in popular parlance is a Motor vehicle that is one of the chief A unique form of transport in Goa is the Motorcycle taxi, operated by drivers who are locally called "pilots". See also Taxicab A Motorcycle taxi is a licensed form of transport in some countries These vehicles transport a single pillion rider, at fares that are usually negotiated prior or after the journey (it is always better to ask locals on the correct fare before you try any negotiations yourself). A pillion is a secondary pad cushion or seat behind the main seat or saddle on a Horse, Motorcycle, or Moped. In some places in Goa, there are river crossings which are serviced by the ferry boats, operated by the river navigation departments. See also Merchant ship A ferry is a form of transport usually a Boat or Ship, used to carry (or ferry) passengers and Goa has two rail lines — one run by the South Western Railway and the other by the Konkan Railway. "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. The Konkan Railway (Railway SymbolKR is a company of the Indian Railways which operates along the Konkan coast of India. The line run by the South Western Railway was built during the colonial era linking the port town of Vasco da Gama with Hubli in Karnataka via Margao. The South Western Railway is one of the 16 railway zones in India. Hubballi (formerly Hubli Kannada - ಹುಬ್ಬಳ್ಳಿis a city in the state of Karnataka in India. Karnataka (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ pronounced) is a state in the southern part of India The Konkan Railway line, which was built during the 1990s, runs parallel to the coast connecting Mumbai to the Malabar Coast. The Malabar Coast also known as the Malabarian Coast, is a long and narrow south-western shore line of the mainland Indian subcontinent.

The Mormugao harbour near the city of Vasco handles mineral ore, petroleum, coal and international containers. Much of the shipments consist of minerals and ores from Goa's hinterland. Panjim, which is situated on the banks of the Mandovi, also has a minor port, which used to handle passenger steamers between Goa and Mumbai till the late 1980s. A steamboat or steamship, sometimes called a steamer, is a ship in which the primary method of propulsion is steam power, typically driving a Propeller

Demographics

A native of Goa is called a Goan in English, 'Goenkar' in Konkani, 'Goês' (male) or 'Goesa' (female) in Portuguese, and a 'Govekar' in Marathi. Goan is the Demonym used to describe the people of the Indian state of Goa. Goa has a population of 1. 344 million residents, making it India's fourth smallest (after Sikkim, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh). The population has a growth rate of 14. 9% per decade ^[11]. There are 363 people for each square kilometre of the land. 49. 77% of the population lives in urban areas. The sex ratio is 960 females to 1000 males. Hinduism (65. Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. 8%), Christianity (26. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings 7%) and Islam (6. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. 8%) are the three main religions in Goa. ^[12] Roman Catholicism reached Goa during the period of European colonisation, which began in 1498 when the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama arrived on the Malabar coast. Dom Vasco da Gama, 1st Count of Vidigueira ('vaʃku dɐ 'gɐmɐ ( Sines or Vidigueira, Alentejo, Portugal, ca The Malabar Coast also known as the Malabarian Coast, is a long and narrow south-western shore line of the mainland Indian subcontinent. With the establishment of Goa Inquisition in 1560, a large sections of the population became Roman Catholic. The Goa Inquisition was the office of the Inquisition acting in the Indian state of Goa and the rest of the Portuguese empire in Asia Goa's major cities include Vasco, Margao, Marmagao (also known as Murgaon or Mormugão), Panjim and Mapusa. Vasco da Gama ( Konkani / Marathi: वास्को (often shortened to Vasco) is a small city in Goa state on the west coast of India Salcette taluk Margao ( Konkani: मडगांव is Goa 's second largest but busiest town the commercial capital of the state and the administrative headquarters WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Mormugao or Marmagao (formerly Mormugão in Portuguese) is a city and a Municipal Panaji ( Konkani: पणजी /pɵɳɟĩ/) is the capital of the Indian state of Goa. Mapusa ( Konkani: म्हापसा Mapxea; Marathi: म्हापसा also spelt at Mapuca Mhapsa or Mapsa is a town in North Goa, The region connecting the last four cities is considered a de facto conurbation, or a more or less continuous urban area. A conurbation is an Urban area or Agglomeration comprising a number of Cities, large Towns and larger urban areas that through Population

The official language of Goa is Konkani. Konkani ( Devanāgarī: कोंकणी Roman: Konknni Kannada: ಕೊಂಕಣಿ Malayalam: കൊങ്കണി IAST Following the end of Portuguese rule, the most widely used languages are Konkani and Marathi. Konkani ( Devanāgarī: कोंकणी Roman: Konknni Kannada: ಕೊಂಕಣಿ Malayalam: കൊങ്കണി IAST Marathi (mr मराठी Marāṭhī) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of what is considered western India. ^[13] Konkani is the primary spoken language;Marathi and English for official, literary or educational purposes;^[14] and other languages including Hindi and Portuguese. Konkani ( Devanāgarī: कोंकणी Roman: Konknni Kannada: ಕೊಂಕಣಿ Malayalam: കൊങ്കണി IAST Marathi (mr मराठी Marāṭhī) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of what is considered western India. Indian English comprises several Dialects or varieties of English spoken primarily in India, and by first-generation members of the Indian diaspora Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. Language is a controversial issue between two contending camps: pro-Konkani and pro-Marathi. Most of the Goans united and fought for Konkani as their mother tongue. Goan is the Demonym used to describe the people of the Indian state of Goa. After 1987, a complex formula grants 'official language' status to Konkani, while Marathi is also allowed to be used "for any or all official purposes. " Portuguese, the earlier language of the colonial elite, has been hit by shrinking numbers, though a small number still prefer it as the medium for discourse at home, and a few Portuguese books have even been published in recent years. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. English, viewed as a language of opportunity and social mobility, is widely understood by many of the state residents. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States

• Birth Rate: 15. 70 per 1000 people in 2007. [1]

• Death Rate: 8. 29 per 1000 people in 2007.

Culture

The most popular celebrations in Goa are Ganesh Chaturthi (Chavoth-Konkani), Diwali, Christmas, Easter Sunday, Samvatsar Padvo, Shigmo and the Carnival, New Year's Day. Ganesha Chaturthi ( IAST: Gaṇeśa Caturthī Devanagari: गणेश चतुर्थी or Ganesha Festival is a day on which Lord Ganesha Diwali, or Deepavali, (also called Tihar and Swanti in Nepal (Markiscarali is a major Indian and Nepalese festival and a significant Easter ( Greek: Πάσχα Pascha or Pasxa) is the most important religious feast in the Christian Liturgical year. Shigmo in Konkani is a Festival celebrated in Goa, a state on the west coast of India. Carnival is a festival season which occurs immediately before Lent; the main events are usually during February and March New Year's Day is the first day of the Year. On the modern Gregorian calendar, it is celebrated on January 1, as it was also in ancient Rome (though However, since the 1960s, the celebrations of the Shigmo and carnival have shifted to the urban centres, and in recent times these festivals are seen more as a means of attracting tourists.

Goan Hindus are very fond of Natak, Bhajan and Kirtan. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical A Bhajan is a type of Hindu Devotional Song, often simple lyrical and expressing love for the Divine. Kirtan ( Sanskrit - "to repeat" is call-and-response chanting performed in India's devotional traditions Many famous Indian Classical singers hail from Goa, such as Lata Mangeshkar, Asha Bhosle, Kishori Amonkar, Kesarbai Kerkar, Jitendra Abhisheki, Prabhakar Karekar. The origins of Indian classical music can be found from the oldest of Scriptures part of the Hindu tradition the Vedas. Lata Mangeshkar (लता मंगेशकर born September 28, 1929) لتا منگیشکر is a singer from India. Asha Bhosle (आशा भोंसले (born September 8, 1933) آشا بھونسلے is an Indian singer Kishori Amonkar (िकशोरी आमोणकर (born April 10 1931 in Mumbai) is a noted Indian classical vocalist Hindustani vocalist Surashri Kesarbai Kerkar ( Devanagari: सुरश्री कॆसरबाई कॆरकर (b Jitendra Abhisheki (जितेंद्र अभिषेकी September 21, 1929 – November 7, 1998) popularly and reverentially addressed

Some traditional Goan dance forms are dekhnni, fugdi, and corridinho. Deknni (also spelled Dekhni Dekhnni is a semi Classical Goan ( Indian dance form The corridinho is a form of Portuguese dance namely in the Algarve.

Rice with fish curry (Xit kodi in Konkani) is the staple diet in Goa. Rice is a Cereal foodstuff which forms an important part of the diet of many people worldwide and as such it is a staple food for many Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two Curry is the English description of any of a general variety of spicy dishes best known in Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Sri Lankan Konkani ( Devanāgarī: कोंकणी Roman: Konknni Kannada: ಕೊಂಕಣಿ Malayalam: കൊങ്കണി IAST Goa is renowned for its rich variety of fish dishes cooked with elaborate recipes. Coconut and coconut oil is widely used in Goan cooking along with chili peppers, spices and vinegar giving the food a unique flavour. The Coconut Palm ( Cocos nucifera) is a member of the Family Arecaceae (palm family Goan is the Demonym used to describe the people of the Indian state of Goa. The chili pepper, chilli pepper, or chili, is the fruit of the plants from the Genus Capsicum, which are members of the nightshade A spice is a dried Seed, Fruit, Root, Bark or vegetative substance used in Nutritionally insignificant quantities as a Food additive Vinegar is an acidic liquid processed from the Fermentation of Ethanol in a process that yields its key ingredient Acetic acid (also called ethanoic acid Pork dishes such as Vindaloo, Xacuti and Sorpotel are cooked for major occasions among the Catholics. Pork' is the Culinary name for Meat from the domestic Pig ( Sus scrofa) often specifically the fresh meat but can be used as an all-inclusive The term Vindaloo, derivative of the Portuguese "vinha d'alhos" and also called Vindalho or Vindallo, refers to a popular Indian dish Xacuti is a Curry prepared in Goa, India with complex spicing including white poppy seeds and large dried red chilies Sorpotel or sorpatel is a dish from Goa, India usually served at festivals and celebrations (such as Christmas and weddings and made from An exotic Goan vegetable stew, known as Khatkhate, is a very popular dish during the celebrations of festivals, Hindu and Christian alike. Goan is the Demonym used to describe the people of the Indian state of Goa. In Indian Cuisine, Khatkhate खतखतें is an exotic mixed vegetable Stew of Goan cuisine. Khatkhate contains at least five vegetables, fresh coconut, and special Goan spices that add to the aroma. Goan is the Demonym used to describe the people of the Indian state of Goa. A rich egg-based multi-layered sweet dish known as bebinca is a favourite at Christmas. An egg is a round or oval body laid by the female of many animals consisting of an Ovum surrounded by layers of Membranes and an outer casing which acts to nourish Bebinca, also known as bibik, is a traditional Goan Dessert. The ingredients include plain flour sugar Ghee (clarified The most popular alcoholic beverage in Goa is feni; Cashew feni is made from the fermentation of the fruit of the cashew tree, while coconut feni is made from the sap of toddy palms. Fenny is an Indian liquor made from either coconut or the juice of the Cashew apple Fenny is an Indian liquor made from either coconut or the juice of the Cashew apple

Goa has two World Heritage Sites: the Bom Jesus Basilica [2] and a few designated convents. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex The Basilica of Bom Jesus or Basilica of Bom Jesus ( Basílica do Bom Jesus) is located in Goa, India. The Basilica holds the mortal remains of St. Francis Xavier, regarded by many Catholics as the patron saint of Goa (the patron of the Archdiocese of Goa is actually the Blessed Joseph Vaz. Saint Francis Xavier ( Konkani / Konknni: Sam Fransisku Xavier/ Sanv Fransisk Xavier Basque: San Frantzisko Xabierkoa Spanish: San Francisco The Patriarch of the East Indies in the Catholic Hierarchy is the title of the Archbishop of Goa and Damão in India; another title of his is Blessed Joseph Vaz (born April 21 1651, Benaulim - died January 16 1711, Kandy) was a Catholic Once every twelve years, the body is taken down for veneration and for public viewing. The last such event was conducted in 2004. The Velhas Conquistas regions are also known for its Goa-Portuguese style architecture.

In many parts of Goa, mansions constructed in the Indo-Portuguese style architecture still stand, though in some villages, most of them are in a dilapidated condition. Fontainhas in Panjim, has been declared a cultural quarter, and are used as a living museum showcasing the life, architecture and culture of Goa. For the island of Brava 's tallest point see Monte Fontainhas Nearest places Ponta do Sol, northeast Some influences from the Portuguese era are visible in some of Goa's temples, notably the Mangueshi Temple, although after 1961, many of these were demolished and reconstructed in the indigenous Indian style. Shri Mangueshi temple is located at Mangueshim in Priol, Ponda Taluka1 kilometer from Mardol close to Nagueshi, 22 km from Panaji

See also: Music of Goa and Goa literature

Architecture

The height of Goa's glory was closely and mutually linked with the heyday of Portugal, but Goan grandeur pre-dated the Portuguese. Music of Goa refers to the music from the tiny state of Goa on the west coast of India a former Portuguese colony and a centre that has produced a number of prominent musicians and singers Goan literature is the Literature pertaining to the region of Goa, a former Portuguese colony and currently the smallest state in India Chieftains, kings and a host of Indian dynasties had made this little jewel glitter with royal pomp. The Batpuras, the Bhujas and, after the fall of Ashoka and the Mauryans, the Satyavahanas, ruled over Goa. The inscription of around A. D. 1000 (when Shashtadeva of the Goa Kadamba dynasty sat on the throne), describes the early splendor of the capital: 'Gardens on every side. White plastered houses, alleys, horse stables, flower gardens, agreeably connected bazaars, harlots' quarters, and tanks. ' In his son's reign, Goa is reputed to have commanded a powerful fleet and traded with four- teen foreign lands. In essence, it was a coveted land with the most sought-after port in India. And as the word spread, this advantage was to become a liability. The friendly harbours that had sent out sparkling blue ripples to the world were to backflow and become the road of conquest and colonization.

On July 4, 1497 when Vasco da Gama set sail from the River Tagus in Lisbon commanding the flagship St. Gabriel, no one could have imagined the implications of his voyage. At that time the potentates of the East were wealthier than the financially em- barrassed Western kings. Vasco da Gama never actually visited Goa, though now there is a coastal town by his name to commemorate his link with Portugal. It was Afonso de Albuquerque who is credited with sowing the seeds of the Portuguese empire in India, first by destroying, then creating. the Arabian Sea into the fresh mouth of the Mandovi. Little did anyone know that Goa would change face. Now a stranger on the throne was to remould the past, reshape the present and go so far as to influence the future psyche of an entire people.

The Portuguese brought to Goa the magnificence of the West and the might of a nation at the height of its imperial power. Their vision was lofty and ambition sky high, but it blazed a short trail like a meteor. An art historian remarked, 'Portugal was a very small nation of a people then heroic. However, at its peak, Goa was one of the wonders of the world, larger than Lisbon and even the London of its time! Some 300,000 people had made it their home. Goa re- sembled the 'meeting upon the burse in Antwerpe' wrote Linschoten, the Dutchman, and it was then that epithets like 'Rome of Asia' and 'Pearl of the Orient' were coined. 'Goa Dourada' or 'Golden Goa' sands was not an advertising slogan to beckon tourists, but more precisely the gilt-coated reredos and altars in the churches that dis- played layers of the real gold Portugal had discovered in Africa.

Contemporary descriptions do not undertake this glitter. 'Quem viu Goa excusa de ver Lisboa', the word went round, 'Who has seen Goa needn't see Lisbon. ' In 1606 Goa got Santa Monica, the first nunnery in the East. The imposing Basilica of Bom Jesus impressed Christians and non-Christians alike. Fantastic Italian architecture-typically renaissance modelled on architectural details from the churches circled the city's skyline. There were compulsory orders to paint the mansions annually, af- ter the monsoon had passed. The regulations insisted that al- though white may be used for picking out architectural details like quoins and cornices, and window edges and balustrades to contrast with the wall surfaces of yellow-ochre, Indian red or pale green, no buildings but churches might be white all over. In 1839, Caption Marryat in his novel The Phantom Ship de described Goa: 'The squares behind the palace and the wide streets were filled with living beings: elephants with gorgeous trappings; led or mounted horses with superb housings; palanquins carried by natives in splendid liveries; running footmen; syces; every variety of nation, from the proud Portuguese to the half-covered native; Musselmen, Arabs, Hindoos, Armenians; Officers and soldiers in their uniforms, all crowded and thronged together: all was bustle and motion. Such was the wealth, the splendor and luxury of the proud city of Goa- the Empress of the East. '

Sports

Football is perhaps the most popular sport in Goa and is embedded in Goan culture. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered ^[15] Its origins in the state are traced back to 1883 when the visiting British priest Fr. William Robert Lyons established the sport as part of a "Christian education". ^[15][16] On December 22, 1959 the Associação de Futebol de Goa was formed, which continues to administer the game in the state under the new name, Goa Football Association. Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[15] Goa, along with West Bengal,and Kerala. West Bengal ( Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchim Bônggo poʃtʃim bɔŋgo is a state in eastern India. Kerala ( Malayalam: {{Kerala in Malayalam}}; ^[15] is the locus of football in the country and is home to many football club in India's National Football League, including three of the ten Premier Division teams. All-time NFL club records (1996-2007 ^[17] The state's football powerhouses include Salgaocar, Dempo, Churchill Brothers, Vasco Sports Club and Sporting Clube de Goa. PLEASE NOTE This section is the introduction Please do not add too much detail here Dempo Sports Club is a Sports club based in Panjim, Goa. Its football side is one of India's most prominent football teams Churchill Brothers SC is an Indian Football club based in Salcette, Goa, and playing in the NFL Premier Division in the Indian The Vasco Sports Club is a football ( Soccer) club from Goa, India. Sporting Clube de Goa is a Sports club based in the Indian state of Goa. The state's main football stadium, Fatroda (or Nehru stadium), is located at Margao and also hosts cricket matches. Fatorda Stadium or Fatorda Pandit Jawarharlal Nehru Stadium is a multi-use Stadium in Margao, India. ^[18]

In recent decades, a growing influence of cricket is visible, in large part fuelled by the massive coverage this sport gets on national television, thus making an impact even in a part of South Asia which hardly had any contact with the British Empire. Cricket is a bat-and-ball team Sport that originated in England and is now played in more than 100 countries The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. Goa now has its own cricket team. The Goa cricket team has never been an overly strong team in the Ranji Trophy. Field Hockey is the third most popular sport. Field hockey is a Team sport in which players attempt to score goals by hitting the Ball across the pitch with a stick

For more details on this topic, see Goans in sports. This page is about Goan achievers in the world of sports Goa is a tiny region along the west coast of India and is known for its many sportsmen

Government and Politics

Panaji, known as Panjim in English and earlier called Pangim in Portuguese times, and known in the local language as Ponnje is the administrative capital of Goa lying on the left bank of the Mandovi near Panaji. Panaji ( Konkani: पणजी /pɵɳɟĩ/) is the capital of the Indian state of Goa. Goa's legislative capital is Porvorim – the seat of the Goa assembly, which lies across the Mandovi River. Porvorim ( Konkani: परवरी /pɔrʋɔrĩ/ is the legislative capital of the state of Goa, India. The Goa Assembly consists of 40 members in a Unicameral legislature The state's judicial capital, however, is Mumbai (formerly known as Bombay, which is the capital of Goa's neighbouring Maharashtra state), as the state comes under the Bombay High Court. Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial History & Premises The Bombay High Court (मुंबई उच्च न्यायालय was inaugurated on August 14, 1862. A bench of the High Court is present in Panaji. Goa contributes two seats to the Lok Sabha and one to the Rajya Sabha, in India's bicameral parliament. The Lok Sabha (also titled the House of the People, by the Constitution) is the directly elected Lower house of the Parliament of India The Rajya Sabha (meaning the "Council of States" is the Upper house of the Parliament of India. Unlike other states, which follow the British Indian model of civil laws framed for individual religions, the Portuguese Uniform Civil Code, based on the Napoleonic code, has been retained by the Goa government. Uniform Civil Code is a term which has originated from the concept of a Civil Law Code. The Napoleonic Code, or Code Napoléon (originally called the Code civil des Français) is the French Civil code, established under

Goa has a unicameral legislature consisting of a forty member Legislative Assembly, headed by a Chief Minister who wields the executive power. Unicameralism is the practice of having only one legislative or Parliamentary chamber The Goa Assembly consists of 40 members in a Unicameral legislature A Chief Minister is the elected Head of government of a sub-national (e The present Chief Minister of Goa is Mr. Digamber Kamat and the Leader of Opposition is Mr. Manohar Parrikar. The ruling government consists of the party or coalition garnering the most seats in the state elections and enjoying the support of a simple majority of the House. The governor is appointed by the President of India. The President of India or Rashtrapati ( Hindi: राष्ट्रपति a Sanskrit Neologism, lit The governor's role is largely ceremonial, but plays a crucial role when it comes to deciding who should form the next government or in suspending the legislature as has happened in the recent past. After having stable governance for nearly thirty years up to 1990, Goa is now notorious for its political instability having seen fourteen governments in the span of the fifteen years between 1990 and 2005. ^[19] In March 2005 the assembly was dissolved by the governor and President's Rule was declared, which suspended the legislature. President's rule (or Central Rule) is the term used in India when a state government is dissolved and is placed under direct federal rule A by-election in June 2005 saw the Congress coming back to power after winning three of the five seats that went to polls. The Congress party and the BJP are the two largest parties in the state. Indian National Congress-I (also known as the Congress Party and abbreviated INC) is a major Political party in India. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP (भारतीय जनता पार्टी, Translation: Indian People's Party) founded in 1980 is a major Political In the assembly pole of 2007, Congress-led coalition won and started ruling the state. ^[20] Other parties include the United Goans Democratic Party, the Nationalist Congress Party and the Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party. United Goans Democratic Party is one of two formerly dominant political parties in the Indian state of Goa. The Nationalist Congress Party ( NCP) (राष्ट्रवादी कॉँग्रेस पक्ष is an Indian political party based primarily out Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party (MGP ( Marathi: महाराष्ट्रवादी गोमंतक पक्ष was Goa 's first ruling party after the end [20]http://northgoa.nic.in/

Media and Communication

Main article: Media in Goa

Goa is served by almost all television channels available in India. Goa is India's smallest state (3700 square kilometres 14 million population and former Portuguese colony Channels are received through cable in most parts of Goa. In the interior regions, channels are received via satellite dishes. Doordarshan, the national television broadcaster, has two free terrestrial channels on air. Doordarshan (दूरदर्शन literally Tele-Vision) is the public television broadcaster of India and a division of Prasar Bharati, a public

DTH (Direct To Home) TV services are available from Dish TV, Tata Sky & DD Direct Plus. Direct broadcast satellite (DBS is a term used to refer to Satellite television broadcasts intended for home reception also referred to more broadly as direct-to-home Not to be confused with the American service Dish Network. Dish TV is India’s first direct to home entertainment service Tata Sky is a DTH satellite television provider in India,using MPEG-2 digital compression technology transmitting using INSAT 4A at 83 DD Direct Plus is a free Direct to Home (DTH service that provides Satellite television and audio programming to households and businesses in the The All India Radio is the only radio channel in the state, broadcasting in both FM and AM bands. All India Radio (abbreviated as AIR) officially known as Akashvani ( Devanagari: आकाशवाणी ākāshavānī ( Urdu: اکاشوانی Radio is the transmission of signals by Modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible Light. Amplitude modulation ( AM) is a technique used in electronic communication most commonly for transmitting information via a Radio Carrier wave Two AM channels are broadcast, the primary channel at 1287 kHz and the Vividh Bharati channel at 1539 kHz. AIR's FM channel is called FM Rainbow and is broadcast at 105. 4 MHz. Private FM radio channels available are Big FM at 92. Big FM is a nationwide private FM radio station in India owned by Indian businessman Anil Ambani. 7 MHz, Radio Mirchi at 98. Radio Mirchi is a nationwide network of private FM radio stations in India. 3 MHz, and Radio Indigo at 91. Radio Indigo is the name of a FM radio station operating out of Bangalore India 9 MHz. There is also an educational radio channel, Gyan Vani, run by IGNOU broadcast from Panaji at 107. Gyan Vani is an educational FM radio station in several cities of India. The Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU Hindi: इन्दिरा गांधी राष्ट्रीय मुक्त विश्वविद्यालय 8 MHz.

Goa has also started an independent 24 hours satellite TV channel called STV Goa News which gives news from all the different parts of the state and is presently beamed from the satellite Thaicom 5 and is a Free to Air (FTA) channel.

Goa has number of local news channels registered under CABLE NEWS CHANNEL ASSOCIATION which are as follows. GOA365 (ENGLISH), GOAPLUS (ENGLISH & KONKANI), INGOA (MARATHI)< GOANEWSLINE (KONKANI) & PRUDENT MEDIA (ENGLISH, KONKANI & MARATHI)

Major cellular service operators include Reliance Infocomm, Tata Indicom, Vodafone (previously Hutch), Bharti Airtel, BSNL and Idea cellular. Reliance Communications (formerly Reliance Infocomm) along with Reliance Telecom and Flag Telecom, is part of Reliance Communications Ventures (RCoVL Introduction Tata Teleservices Limited (TTSL is a part of the Tata Group of companies an Indian conglomerate Vodafone Essar, previously Hutchison Essar is a cellular operator in India that covers 16 telecom circles in India. Bharti Airtel, formerly known as Bharti Tele-Ventures Limited (BTVL is India 's largest cellular service provider with more than 75 million subscribers as of August Idea Cellular is a wireless Telephony company operating in various states in India.

Local newspaper publications include the English language The Herald (Goa's oldest, once a Portuguese language paper known as O Heraldo), the Gomantak Times and the Navhind Times. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The Navhind Times is Goa 's most widely read English newspaper In addition to these, The Times of India and the Indian Express are also received from Bombay and Bangalore in the urban areas. The Times of India ( TOI) is a leading English-language Broadsheet Daily newspaper in India. For bi-furicated southern edition see The New Indian Express The Indian Express is an Indian newspaper owned by Ramnath Goenka Among the list of officially-accredited newspapers are The Navhind Times, The Herald Times and The Gomantak Times (all in the English language) and Gomantak, Tarun Bharat, Navprabha, Pudhari, Goa Times, Sanatan Prabhat, Govadoot (all in Marathi), Sunaparant in Devanagiri-script Konkani. All are dailies. Other publications in the state include Goa Today (English-language, monthly), Goan Observer (English, weekly), Vavraddeancho Ixtt (Roman-script Konkani, weekly) Goa Messenger, Gulab (Konkani, monthly), Bimb (Devanagiri-script Konkani), Harbour Times, Digital Goa, and "J's House".

Education

According to the 2001 census, Goa has a literacy rate of 82% with 89% of males and 76% of females being literate. traditional definition of literacy is considered to be the ability to read and write or the ability to use Language to read, write, listen, ^[21] Each taluka is made up of villages, each having a school run by the government. Due to the low levels of corruption and the quality of the government schools, private schools are less in demand, compared to the rest of the country. All schools come under the state SSC whose syllabus is prescribed by the state Education department. The Secondary School Certificate, also known as SSC, is a public examination taken by students in Bangladesh, Pakistan and in the states of Gujarat There are also a few schools run by the all-India ICSE board. Most students in Goa complete their high school using English as the medium of instruction. Primary schools, on the other hand are largely run in Konkani (in private, but government-aided schools). As is the case in most of India, enrollment for vernacular media has seen a fall in numbers in favour of English medium education.

After ten years of schooling, students join a Junior College which offers courses in popular streams such as Science, Arts, Law and Commerce. The term junior college refers to different educational institutions in different countries Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding The term liberal arts refers to a particular type of educational Curriculum broadly defined as a Classical education. Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society Commerce is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of goods and services from producer to final consumer Additionally, many join three year diploma courses. A diploma (from Greek δίπλωµα diploma, meaning "folded paper" is a Certificate or Deed issued by an educational institution Two years of college is followed by a professional degree. The Goa University is the sole university in the state located in Taleigao and all Goan colleges are affiliated to it. University was established in 1985 and merged with the Centre for Post Graduate Instruction and Research (CPIR of the University of Bombay (now Mumbai) that functioned at state-capital A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects There are four engineering colleges and one medical college in the state. Engineering is the Discipline and Profession of applying technical and scientific Knowledge and The Goa Engineering College and Goa Medical College are run by the state whereas the other three engineering colleges are run by private organisations. Goa Engineering College is located in Farmagudi, Ponda and is the oldest engineering college in Goa

In 2004, BITS Pilani university started its first Indian satellite, BITS Pilani Goa Campus near Dabolim. Birla Institute of Technology & Science, (िबरला प्रौद्योिगकी एवं विज्ञान संस्थान िपलानी (known as BITS Dabolim Airport is located in the village of Dabolim in Goa, India. Unlike other Goan institutes, BITS Goa admits students through a nation wide aptitude test that it shares with its parent institute. Due to this BITS Pilani Goa Campus is the only college in the state to have a regionally mixed student body.

The other private engineering colleges are, Shree Rayeshwar Institute of Engineering and Information Technology, Shiroda, and Padre Conceicao College of Engineering, Verna. Padre Conceicao College of Engineering ( PCCE) is a private engineering college in Verna, Goa, India. There are also colleges offering pharmacy, architecture and dentistry along with numerous private colleges offering law, arts, commerce and science. Pharmacy (from the Greek φάρμακον 'pharmakon' = drug is the Health profession that links the Health sciences with the chemical sciences The term architecture (from Greek αρχιτεκτονικήarchitektoniki) can be used to mean a process a profession or documentation Dentistry' is the "evaluation diagnosis prevention and/or treatment (nonsurgical surgical or related procedures of diseases disorders and/or conditions of the oral cavity Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society The term liberal arts refers to a particular type of educational Curriculum broadly defined as a Classical education. Commerce is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of goods and services from producer to final consumer Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding There is also two National Oceanographic Science related centres, NCAOR aand NIO in Vasco and Punjim. The National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research (NCAOR as an Indian Research and development institution administered by the Department of Ocean Development Kongōrikishi (金剛力士 or Niō (仁王 are two wrath-filled and muscular guardians of the Buddha, standing today at the entrance of many Buddhist temples in

Many residents, however, choose to take up courses in other states as the demand for a course in Goa is more than that available. Goa is also well-known in India for courses in marine engineering, fisheries, hotel management and cuisine. Marine Engineers are the members of a ship's crew that operate and maintain the propulsion and other systems on board the vessel For the fishing industry and the practice of fishing see Fishing. Cuisine (from French cuisine, "cooking culinary art kitchen" ultimately from Latin coquere, "to cook" is a specific set The State also hosts a business school - the Goa Institute of Management which is autonomous and was founded in 1993 by Romuald D'Souza. A business school is a university-level institution that confers degrees in Business Administration The Goa Institute of Management (GIM is a Business school located in the state of Goa, India. Romuald D'Souza (born on 20 December 1925 Aldona, Goa, India is a Jesuit priest and the Founder Director of Goa Institute of Management Portuguese is taught as a part of the school curriculum, often as a third language in some schools. The Goa University also offers Bachelors and Masters degrees in Portuguese.

See also

• The 1961 Armed Liberation of Goa
• Timeline of Goan history
• Portuguese India
• List of Temples in Goa
• List of people from Goa
• Houses of Goa
• Public squares in Goa
• Media in Goa
• Tourism in Goa
• Hinduism in Goa
• Caste in Goa
• Konkani
• Konkani words from other languages

References

External links

• Goa travel guide from Wikitravel
• Government of Goa official website
• Goa at the Open Directory Project
• Government of Goa information website

Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide. The Open Directory Project ( ODP) also known as dmoz (from directory

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