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Gniezno
Cathedral in Gniezno
Cathedral in Gniezno
Coat of arms of Gniezno
Coat of arms
Gniezno (Poland)
Gniezno
Gniezno
Coordinates: 52°32′N 17°36′E / 52.533, 17.6
Country Flag of Poland Poland
Voivodeship Greater Poland
County Gniezno County
Gmina Gniezno (urban gmina)
Established 8th century
Town rights 1239
Government
 - Mayor Jacek Kowalski
Area
 - Total 49 km² (18. Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Voivodeship The voivodeship or province (województwo has been a high-level Administrative subdivision of Poland since the 14th century Greater Poland Voivodeship (also known as Wielkopolska Province or by its Polish name of województwo wielkopolskie or simply Wielkopolskie) is a A powiat (pronounced; Polish plural powiaty) is the second-level unit of Local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a County Gniezno County (powiat gnieźnieński is a unit of territorial administration and local government ( Powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland The gmina or Municipality (frequently translated commune) plural gminy, is the principal unit (lowest level of territorial division in Poland The 8th century is the period from 701 to 800 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 9 sq mi)
Population (2006)
 - Total 70,080
 - Density 1,430. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 2/km² (3,704. 2/sq mi)
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 - Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code 62-200 to 62-210
Area code(s) +48 61
Car plates PGN
Website: http://www.um.gniezno.pl

Gniezno [ˈgɲeznɔ] (Image:Ltspkr.png listen) (German: Gnesen) is a town in central-western Poland, some 50 km east of Poznań, inhabited by about 73,000 people. Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time Daylight saving time ( DST Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks In common with many Countries, Polish car number plates indicate the Region of Registration of the Vehicle encoded in the number plate The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. A town is a type of settlement ranging from a few to several thousand (occasionally hundreds of thousands inhabitants although it may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Poznań Lublin Voivodeship This article is about the city in Poland Situated in the Greater Poland Voivodeship (since 1999), previously in Poznań Voivodeship. Greater Poland Voivodeship (also known as Wielkopolska Province or by its Polish name of województwo wielkopolskie or simply Wielkopolskie) is a Poznań Voivodeship (1 1975-1998 Poznań Voivodeship 1975-1998 (Polish województwo poznańskie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in It is the administrative capital of the Gniezno County (powiat). Gniezno County (powiat gnieźnieński is a unit of territorial administration and local government ( Powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland

Contents

History

There are archaeological traces of human settlement since the late Paleolithic. The term Paleolithic (or Palaeolithic) (from Greek παλαιός palaios, " Old " and λίθος Lithos, "stone" Early Slavonic settlements on the Lech Hill and the Maiden Hill are dated to 8th century. At the beginning of the 10th century this was the site of several places sacred to the Slavic religion. Slavic mythology is the Mythological aspect of the Religion that was practised by the ancient Slavs. The ducal stronghold was founded just before AD 940 on the Lech Hill, and surrounded with some fortified suburbs and open settlements.

Legend of Lech, Czech and Rus

According to the Polish version of legends: three brothers Lech, Czech and Rus were exploring the wilderness to find a place to settle. Suddenly they saw a hill with an old oak and an eagle on top. Lech said: this white eagle I will adopt as an emblem of my people, and around this oak I will build my stronghold, and because of the eagle nest [Polish: gniazdo] I will call it Gniezdno [modern: Gniezno]. The other brothers went further on to find a place for their people. Czech went to the South (to found the Czech Lands) and Rus went to the East (to create Russia and Ukraine). The " Czech lands " (České země is an auxiliary term used mainly to describe the combination of Bohemia, Moravia and Czech Silesia. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe.

Cradle of the Polish state

In 10th century Gniezno became one of the main towns of the early Piast dynasty, founders of the Polish state. Piast dynasty is the name used since the 17th century for Polish Royal Dynasty that ruled Poland from its beginnings as Duchy ruled by Mieszko

Congress of Gniezno

It is here that the Congress of Gniezno took place in the year 1000 AD, during which Boleslaus I the Brave, duke of Poland, received Holy Roman Emperor Otto III. The Congress of Gniezno (Akt von Gnesen Gnesener Übereinkunft Zjazd gnieźnieński took place on March 11 1000. The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states Otto III (980 &ndash January 23, 1002) was the fourth ruler of the Saxon or Ottonian dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire. The emperor and the duke celebrated the foundation of the Polish ecclesiastical province (archbishopric) in Gniezno, with newly established bishopric in Kołobrzeg for Pomerania; Wrocław for Silesia; Kraków for Lesser Poland and later also already existing since 968 bishopric in Poznań for western Greater Poland. Kołobrzeg (Kolberg Kòłobrzeg Cholbergensis is a City in Middle Pomerania in north-western Poland with some 50000 inhabitants (as of Wrocław (Breslau Vratislav Vratislavia or Wratislavia Yiddish: ברעסלוי) is the chief City of the historical region of Lower Silesia Etymology One theory claims that the name Silesia is derived from the Silingi, who were most likely a Vandalic (East Germanic people Kraków, in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow (ˈkrækaʊ M-W: krăk'ou krāk'ō is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland Lesser Poland (also "Little Poland" Polish: Małopolska, Latin: Polonia Minor) is one of the historical regions of Poland Poznań Lublin Voivodeship This article is about the city in Poland Greater Poland or Great Poland, Polish Wielkopolska (Großpolen Latin: Polonia Maior) is a historical region of west-central Poland

Panorama of Gniezno. 19th century
Panorama of Gniezno. 19th century

Royal coronation site

Gniezno Cathedral.
Gniezno Cathedral. Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St
Mediaeval seal of Gniezno.
Mediaeval seal of Gniezno.
Codex Aureus Gnesnensis
Codex Aureus Gnesnensis
Gniezno Doors
Gniezno Doors

The 10th century Gniezno cathedral witnessed royal coronations of Boleslaus I in 1024 and his son Mieszko II Lambert in 1025. The Gniezno Doors (Drzwi Gnieźnieńskie Porta Enea Porta Regia Broonze Door Royal Door are a set of Bronze doors in Cathedral in Gniezno, Poland This article is about a Polish king See also Duke Mieszko II the Fat. The cities of Gniezno and nearby Poznań were captured, plundered and destroyed in 1038 by the Bohemian duke Bretislav I, which pushed the next Polish rulers to move the Polish capital to Kraków. Poznań Lublin Voivodeship This article is about the city in Poland Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the Kraków, in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow (ˈkrækaʊ M-W: krăk'ou krāk'ō is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland The archiepiscopal cathedral was reconstucted by the next ruler, Boleslaus II of Poland, who was crowned king here in 1076. Bolesław II the Bold ( Polish: Bolesław Śmiały, also known as Szczodry, "the Generous" and Okrutny, "the Cruel"

In the next centuries Gniezno evolved as a regional seat of the eastern part of Greater Poland, and in 1238 municipal autonomy was granted by the duke Władysław Odonic. Władysław ( Ladislas or' Ladislaus') Odonic Plwacz (c 1190 &ndash June 5 1239) was duke of Greater Poland from Gniezno was again the coronation site in 1295 and 1300.

Regional site of Greater Poland

The city was destroyed again by the Teutonic Knights' invasion in 1331, and after an administrative reform became a county within the Kalisz Voivodeship (since the 14th century till 1768). The Teutonic Order is a German Roman Catholic religious order. Kalisz Voivodeship (1 1975–1998 Kalisz Voivodeship (1 1975–1998 (województwo kaliskie was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland Gniezno was hit by heavy fires in 1515, 1613, was destroyed during the Swedish invasion wars of the 17th-18th centuries and by a plague in 1708-1710. All this caused depopulation and economic decline, but the city was soon revived during the 18th century to become the Gniezno Voivodeship in 1768. Gniezno Voivodeship ( Polish: Województwo Gnieźnieńskie, Latin: Palatinatus Gnesnensis) was a unit of administrative division and local government

Within Prussia

Gniezno was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia in the 1793 Second Partition of Poland and became part of the province of South Prussia. The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the South Prussia (Südpreußen Prusy Południowe was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1793 to 1807 It was included within the Duchy of Warsaw during the Napoleonic Wars, but was returned to Prussia in the 1815 Congress of Vienna. The Duchy of Warsaw (Księstwo Warszawskie Duché de Varsovie Herzogtum Warschau Варшавское герцогство was a Polish state established by Napoleon The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of the major powers of Europe, chaired by the Austrian statesman Clemens Wenzel von Metternich Gniezno was subsequently governed within Kreis Gnesen of the Grand Duchy of Posen and the later Province of Posen. Kreis Gnesen is one of several Kreise (English counties) in the northern administrative district of Bromberg, in the Prussian Province of Posen The Grand Duchy of Posen (Großherzogtum Posen Wielkie Księstwo Poznańskie was an autonomous province of the Kingdom of Prussia in the Polish lands commonly known as " The Province of Posen (Provinz Posen Prowincja Poznańska was a province of Prussia from 1848-1918 and as such part of the German Empire from 1871 to 1918 the whole On January 20, 1920 after the Treaty of Versailles, the town became part of the Second Polish Republic. Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. The Second Polish Republic or interwar Poland is the Republic of Poland between World War I and World War II.

World War II

Gniezno was annexed into Nazi Germany on 26 October 1939 after the invasion of Poland and made part of Reichsgau Wartheland. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Invasion of Poland (1939 precipitated World War II. It was carried out by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small German-allied Reichsgau Wartheland (initially Reichsgau Posen, sometimes briefly called Warthegau) was the name given by Nazi German government to the largest subdivision The town was occupied by the Red Army in January 1945 and restored to Poland. The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya

Archbishops of Gniezno

Main article: Archbishop of Gniezno

Gniezno's Roman Catholic archbishop is traditionally the Primate of Poland (Prymas Polski). In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated Bishop. In the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion and others this means that they lead Primate (from the Latin Primus, "first" is a title or rank bestowed on some Bishops in certain Christian churches After the partitions of Poland the see was often combined with others, first with Poznań and then with Warsaw. The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. In 1992 Pope John Paul II reorganized the Polish hierarchy and the city once again had a separate bishop. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and Pope Cardinal Józef Glemp, who had been archbishop of Gniezno and Warsaw and retained Warsaw, was designated to remain Primate until his retirement, but afterward the Archbishop of Gniezno, at present Henryk Muszyński, would again be Primate of Poland. Józef Glemp (born December 18, 1929) is a Polish Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Henryk Muszyński (born March 20, 1933) is the Archbishop of Gniezno, Poland, having been appointed by Pope John Paul II when the

Royal coronations in Gniezno cathedral

Historical population


People from Gniezno

Education

Arts and culture

Twin towns

See also

External links



Gniezno County (powiat gnieźnieński is a unit of territorial administration and local government ( Powiat) in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland
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