The globus cruciger (Latin, "cross-bearing orb") is an orb (lat. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. globus) topped (lat. gerere = to wear) with a cross (lat. A cross is a geometrical figure consisting of two lines or bars perpendicular to each other dividing one or two of the lines in half crux), a Christian symbol of authority used throughout the Middle Ages and even today on coins, iconography and royal regalia. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth Iconography is the branch of Art history which studies the identification description and the interpretation of the content of images Regalia is Latin Plurale tantum for the privileges and the insignia characteristic of a Sovereign. It symbolises Christ's (the cross) dominion over the world (the orb), literally held in the dominion of an earthly ruler (or sometimes celestial being such as an angel). When held by Christ himself, the subject is known in the iconography of Western art as Salvator Mundi ("Saviour of the World"). Iconography is the branch of Art history which studies the identification description and the interpretation of the content of images Salvator Mundi, or Saviour of the World, is a subject in Iconography depicting Christ with his right hand raised in Blessing and his It is associated with the sceptre. A sceptre or scepter is a symbolic ornamental staff held by a ruling Monarch, a prominent item of royal Regalia.
History
The first known use was probably in the early 5th century, possibly as early as between 395 and 408 on the reverse side of the coins of Emperor Arcadius, but most certainly by 423 on the reverse side of the coins of Emperor Theodosius II. Events By Place Roman Empire After the death of emperor Theodosius I, the Empire is re-divided into an eastern and a western half For the area code see Area code 408. Events By Place Western Roman Empire In the summer of this year Flavius Arcadius (377/378&ndash May 1, 408) was Byzantine Emperor in the Eastern half of the Roman Empire from 395 until his death Events By Place Western Roman Empire On the death of Honorius, Joannes, a primicerius notariorum Flavius Theodosius ( 10 April, 401 – July 28, 450) called the Calligrapher, known in English as Theodosius II, was
The visual symbolism of holding the world (in Latin orbis terrarum, the 'circle of countries', hence the word orb) in one's hand, or perhaps even more ominously under one's foot, was a clear message used since antiquity among pagans. "Ancient" redirects here For other uses see Ancient_(disambiguation. Paganism (from Latin paganus, meaning "country dweller rustic" is a word used to refer to various religions and religious beliefs from across the world Citizens of Rome were familiar with the plain round orb as a representation of the world or universe, and the emperor's dominion and protectorate over it; for example a 4th century coin from the reign of Emperor Constantine I shows him holding a globus in hand; and a 2nd century coin from the reign of Emperor Hadrian shows the Roman god Salus with his foot upon a globus. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 4th century (per the Julian calendar and Anno Domini / Common era) was that Century Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (27 February ca. 272 &ndash 22 May 337 commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine The 2nd century is the period from 101 to 200 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Publius Aelius Hadrianus (January 24 76 &ndash July 10 138 as emperor Imperator Caesar Divi Traiani filius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus, and Divus Hadrianus after Roman mythology, or more appropriately Latin mythology, refers to the mythological beliefs of the Italic people inhabiting the region of Latium and its In Greek mythology, Hygieia ( or Hygeia ( was a daughter of Asclepius.
With the growth of Christianity in the 5th century, the orb was topped with a cross (hence globus cruciger), symbolising the Christian God's dominion over the world. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings A cross is a geometrical figure consisting of two lines or bars perpendicular to each other dividing one or two of the lines in half Symbolically to Christians, the emperor held the world in his hand, on behalf of God. To non-Christians already familiar with the pagan orb, the surmounting of a cross sent a message about the triumph of Christianity. In medieval iconography, an object's scale and size indicated its importance relative to other, surrounding objects; the world is seen small and the ruler or celestial being large, to emphasise the importance of each element. Although the globe's symbolism was on a planetary scale, its use (in actual regalia and emblematic) was proliferated among Christian rulers over small parts of the earth, not even all sovereign. Crown jewels are jewels or artifacts of the reigning royal family of their respective country Sovereignty is the exclusive Right to control a Government, a country, a people or oneself
Contrary to modern myth, belief in a spherical rather than a flat earth was common in the Middle Ages, and probably predominant among the educated. The Myth of the Flat Earth or Flat Earth mythology refers to the modern misconception that the prevailing cosmological view during the Middle Ages saw the Earth The idea of a flat Earth is the idea that the surface of the Earth is flat (a plane) rather than the view that it is a very close approximation of
The globus cruciger was used by powerful rulers and celestial beings alike; it adorned portrayals of both emperors and kings, as well as archangels. An emperor (from the Latin " Imperator " is a (male Monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an Empire or another type of Archangels are superior or higher-ranking Angels Archangels are found in a number of religious traditions including Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism It first appeared on coins in the early 5th century and remained popular throughout the Middle Ages in coins, iconography and royal regalia. main - title Coin keywords numismatics coin review The 5th century is the period from 401 to 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in Anno Domini / Common Era. Iconography is the branch of Art history which studies the identification description and the interpretation of the content of images Regalia is Latin Plurale tantum for the privileges and the insignia characteristic of a Sovereign. The papacy, holding universal canonical jurisdiction and in the Middle Ages once rivalling the Holy Roman Emperor for the supreme feudal status of liege lord of all other (Catholic) rulers, also maintained the symbol on top of the papal tiara ("triple crown"; there is no separate papal orb). History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states The Papal Tiara, also known as the Triple Tiara, or in Latin as the ' Triregnum', and in Italian as the ' Triregno', is the three-tiered Even in the modern era in England, the Sovereign's Orb symbolises both the state and Church of England under the protection and domain of the royal crown. The Sovereign's Orb is a type of Regalia known as a Globus cruciger and is one of the British Crown Jewels. The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican
Gallery
 A Roman Antoninianus coin showing Carinus holding pilum and globe. The antoninianus was a Coin used during the Roman Empire thought to have been valued at 2 denarii. The pilum (plural pila) was a heavy javelin commonly used by the Roman army in ancient times |
 Charlemagne. Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his |
 Statue of Charlemagne in Frankfurt, holding Joyeuse and the globus cruciger. Joyeuse was the name of Charlemagne 's personal Sword. The name translates as "joyful" A Romantic interpretation of his appearance from the 18th century. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system |
 Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa. Frederick I Barbarossa (1122 &ndash 10 June 1190) was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned |
 The Golden Bull of 1356 by the Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor. Charles IV ( Czech: Karel IV, German: Karl IV, Hungarian: IV Károly; 14 May 1316 &ndash |
 Rupert of Germany. Rupert of Germany (Ruprecht III "Klem" Pfalzgraf bei Rhein of the house of Wittelsbach ( 5 May 1352 &ndash 18 May 1410 |
 Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor. For other nobles of the same name please see Sigismund. Sigismund ( February 14, 1368 – December 9, |
 Frederick V holding the orb. Frederick V (Friedrich V ( August 26 1596 – November 29 1632) was Elector Palatine (1610–23 and as Frederick I |
 Charles I of Hungary. Charles I of Hungary (Károly Róbert Karlo Robert Karol Róbert (1288 Naples, Italy &ndash 16 July 1342, Visegrád, |
 Charles II of Hungary. Charles III King of Naples (1345 – February 24, 1386, Visegrad, Hungary) also known as Charles II of Hungary, Charles of |
 Mary of Hungary. For the Habsburg consort of Louis II of Hungary, later Regent of the Netherlands see Mary of Austria (1505-1558 Mary of Hungary (c |
 Wenceslaus III of Bohemia. Wenceslaus III Premyslid ( Czech and Slovak Václav, German: Wenzel III, Hungarian Vencel, Polish |
 John I of Bohemia. John the Blind ( Luxembourgish: Jang de Blannen; German: Johann der Blinde von Luxemburg |
 British Sovereign's Orb. The Sovereign's Orb is a type of Regalia known as a Globus cruciger and is one of the British Crown Jewels. |
 Imperial Orb of the Holy Roman Empire of German Nation. |
|
 Austrian Crown Jewels. The collective term Austrian Crown Jewels or insignia (Insignien und Kleinodien denotes the Regalia and vestments worn by the Holy Roman emperor, and later |
 Regalia of Russia. |
 Replica of Boleslaw Chrobry's crown jewels (Poland). |
 The coat of arms of Uppland. Uppland ( is a historical province or landskap on the eastern coast of Sweden, just north of Stockholm, the capital |
See also
Sources and External links
- Picture of the 10th century Orb, Scepter and Crown insignia of the Holy Roman Empire
- Picture of Justinian (527-565) holding a Globus cruciger
References
- Leslie Brubaker, Dictionary of the Middle Ages, vol 5, pg. A monde is a ball-like object located near the top of a crown The Holy Hand Grenade of Antioch is a fictional Weapon from the comedy film Monty Python and the Holy Grail. The Dictionary of the Middle Ages is a 13-volume Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages published by the American Council of Learned Societies between 564, ISBN 0684181614
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