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Gliwice
Main Square and City Hall
Main Square and City Hall
Flag of Gliwice
Flag		 Coat of arms of Gliwice
Coat of arms
Gliwice (Poland)
Gliwice
Gliwice
Coordinates: 50°17′N 18°40′E / 50.283, 18.667
Country Flag of Poland Poland
Voivodeship Silesian
County city county
Established 13th century
Town rights 1250
Government
 - Mayor Zygmunt Frankiewicz
Area
 - City 134. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Voivodeship The voivodeship or province (województwo has been a high-level Administrative subdivision of Poland since the 14th century Silesian Voivodeship (also known as Silesia Province or by its Polish name of województwo śląskie or simply Śląskie) is a Voivodeship A powiat (pronounced; Polish plural powiaty) is the second-level unit of Local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a County Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 20 km² (51. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 8 sq mi)
Highest elevation 278 m (912 ft)
Lowest elevation 200 m (656 ft)
Population (2006)
 - City 199,099
 - Density 1,483. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 6/km² (3,842. 5/sq mi)
 - Metro 3,487,000
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 - Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code 44-100 to 44-164
Area code(s) +48 32
Car plates SG
Website: http://www.um.gliwice.pl/

Gliwice [gliˈvit​͡sɛ] (Image:Ltspkr.png listen) (German: Gleiwitz) is an industrial city in southern Poland with 200,361 inhabitants (2004) on the Kłodnica River, about 20 km to the west from Katowice. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time Daylight saving time ( DST Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks In common with many Countries, Polish car number plates indicate the Region of Registration of the Vehicle encoded in the number plate The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Kłodnica (Klodnitz is a river in the Upper Silesia region It is about 75 km long and a right tributary of the Odra river. Katowice (Katovice Kattowitz is a City in Silesia in southern Poland, on the Kłodnica

Gliwice is one of the main centers of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union, the largest legally-recognized urban entity in Poland, with the population of the greater metropolitan area of 3,487,000. Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union, USMU also known under official name Metropolitan Association of Upper Silesia MAUS (Górnośląski Związek Metropolitalny is a Union A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central

Gliwice has been situated in the Silesian Voivodeship since 1999; previously, it was in Katowice Voivodeship. Silesian Voivodeship (also known as Silesia Province or by its Polish name of województwo śląskie or simply Śląskie) is a Voivodeship Katowice Voivodeship (województwo katowickie was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1975&ndash1998 superseded by the

Contents

History

Late Middle Ages

Gliwice was first mentioned as a town in 1276 and was ruled during the Middle Ages by the Silesian Piast dukes. Etymology One theory claims that the name Silesia is derived from the Silingi, who were most likely a Vandalic (East Germanic people Piast dynasty is the name used since the 17th century for Polish Royal Dynasty that ruled Poland from its beginnings as Duchy ruled by Mieszko It became a possession of the Bohemia crown in 1335, passing with that crown to the Austrian Habsburgs as Gleiwitz in 1526. Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich

Early Modern Age

Because of the vast expenses incurred by the Habsburg Monarchy during their 16 century wars against the Ottoman Empire, Gleiwitz was leased to Friedrich Zettritz for the meager amount of 14,000 thalers. Habsburg Monarchy (alternatively Habsburg Empire) refers to the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor The wars of the Ottoman Empire in Europe are also sometimes referred to as the Ottoman Wars or as Turkish Wars, particularly in older European The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish See also Leasing, Renting A lease is a Legal document, but can be an oral arrangement which confers a right on one person (called The Thaler (or Taler or Tolar) was a Silver Coin used throughout Europe for almost four hundred Years Its name lives on Although the original lease was for a duration of 18 years, it was renewed in 1580 for 10 years and in 1589 for an additional 18 years.

During the mid 18th century Silesian Wars, Gliwice was taken from Austria by the Kingdom of Prussia along with the majority of Silesia. The Silesian Wars were a series of wars between Prussia and Austria (and their changing allies for control of Silesia. The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising After the end of the Napoleonic Wars, Gleiwitz was administered in the Prussian district of Tost-Gleiwitz within the Province of Silesia in 1816. The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions Prussian districts were administrative units in the former German state of Prussia. The Province of Silesia (Provinz Schlesien Prowincja Śląsk was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1815 to 1919 the territory had been conquered from The city was incorporated with Prussia into the German Empire in 1871 during the unification of Germany. The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification The unification of Germany took place on January 18, 1871, when Prussian Chief Minister Otto von Bismarck managed to unify a number of independent In 1897 Gleiwitz became its own Stadtkreis, or urban district.

Industrialization

Gleiwitz began to develop into a major city through industrialization during the 19th century. is a process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a Pre-industrial society into an industrial one The town's ironworks fostered the growth of other industrial fields in the area. During the late 19th century Gleiwitz had:

Other features of the 19th century industrialized Gleiwitz were a gasworks, a furnace factory, a beer bottling company, and a plant for asphalt and paste. This is a historical article For current information see Syngas. A furnace is a device used for Heating The name derives from Latin fornax, Oven. A bottling company is a commercial enterprise whose output is the bottling of Beverages for distribution. Asphalt ( is a sticky black and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid that is present in most crude Petroleums and in some natural deposits sometimes termed asphaltum Economically, Gleiwitz opened several banks, Savings and loan associations, and bond centers. A banker or bank is a Financial institution whose primary activity is to act as a payment agent for customers and to borrow and lend money A savings and loan association, also known as a thrift, is a Financial institution that specializes in accepting Savings deposits and making Mortgage In Finance, a bond is a Debt security, in which the authorized issuer owes the holders a debt and is obliged to repay the principal and Interest Its tram system was completed in 1892, while its theater was opened in 1899; until World War II, Gleiwitz' theatre featured actors from through Europe and was one of the most famous theatres of entire Germany. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including An actor, actress, player or thespian (see terminology) is a person who Acts in a Dramatic production and who works Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The city's population in 1875 was 14,156.

20th century

Main street - Zwycięstwa
Main street - Zwycięstwa

According to the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica, Gleiwitz's population in 1905 was 61,324. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica By 1911 it had two Protestant and four Roman Catholic churches, a synagogue, a mining school, a convent, a hospital, two orphanages, and a barracks. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. A synagogue (from Greek: grc συναγωγή transliterated synagogē, "assembly" he בית כנסת beit knesset, "house of A convent is a community of Priests religious brothers religious sisters or Nuns or the building used by the community particularly in the Roman Catholic Church A hospital is an institution for Health care providing treatment by specialised staff and equipment and often but not always providing for An orphanage is an institution devoted to the care of children whose parents are deceased or otherwise unable to care for them Barracks are living quarters for personnel on a Military post Gleiwitz was the center of the mining industry of Upper Silesia. Mining is the extraction of valuable Minerals or other geological materials from the earth usually (but not always from an Ore body Upper Silesia (Horní Slezsko Oberschlesien Latin: Silesia Superior; Górny Śląsk Silesian: Gůrny Ślůnsk) is the southeastern part It possessed a royal foundry, with which were connected machine manufactories and boilerworks. A foundry is a Factory which produces Metal Castings from either Ferrous or non-ferrous alloys Other industrialized areas of the city had other foundries, meal mills, and manufactories producing wire, gas pipes, cement, and paper.

After the end of World War I, clashes between Poles and Germans occurred during the Silesian Uprisings. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Polish people, or Poles, (Polacy) are a Western Slavic Ethnic group of Central Europe, living predominantly in Poland. The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as The Silesian Uprisings (Aufstände in Oberschlesien Powstania śląskie were a series of three armed uprisings of the Poles and Polish Silesians Ethnically Polish inhabitants of Upper Silesia wanted to incorporate the city not into Germany, but into the Second Polish Republic. The Second Polish Republic or interwar Poland is the Republic of Poland between World War I and World War II. The differences between Germans and Poles led to three subsequent Polish uprisings, and German resistance against them. Seeking a peaceful solution to the conflict, the League of Nations held a plebiscite on March 20, 1921 to determine which country the city should belong to. The League of Nations was an International organization founded as a result of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919–1920 A referendum (plural referendums or referenda) ballot question, or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar In Gleiwitz, 32,029 votes (78. 7% of given votes) were for remaining in Germany, Poland received 8,558 (21. 0%) votes, and 113 (0. 3%) votes were declared invalid. The total voter turnout was listed as 97. 0%. The League of Nations determined that three Silesian towns: Gleiwitz/Gliwice, Hindenburg/Zabrze and Beuthen/Bytom would remain in Germany, and the rest of Upper Silesia with its main town of Katowice (Kattowitz) would join restored Poland. Upper Silesia (Horní Slezsko Oberschlesien Latin: Silesia Superior; Górny Śląsk Silesian: Gůrny Ślůnsk) is the southeastern part Katowice (Katovice Kattowitz is a City in Silesia in southern Poland, on the Kłodnica

An attack on a radio station in Gleiwitz on August 31, 1939, staged by the German secret police, served as a pretext for Nazi Germany to invade Poland, which was the beginning of World War II. The Gleiwitz incident was a staged attack on 31 August, 1939 against the German Radio station Sender Gleiwitz in Gleiwitz Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers The Invasion of Poland (1939 precipitated World War II. It was carried out by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small German-allied World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The city was placed under Polish administration according to the 1945 Potsdam Conference and thus part of the Silesian-Dabrowa Voivodeship. The Potsdam Conference was held at Cecilienhof, the home of Crown Prince Wilhelm Hohenzollern, in Potsdam, Germany, from July 16, Katowice Voivodeship (województwo katowickie was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1975&ndash1998 superseded by the The German population was expatriated to Germany as stated by the Potsdam Conference and replaced with Poles. The expulsion of Germans after World War II was the Forced migration and Ethnic cleansing of German nationals ( Reichsdeutsche) and ethnic The Potsdam Conference was held at Cecilienhof, the home of Crown Prince Wilhelm Hohenzollern, in Potsdam, Germany, from July 16,

Higher Education and Science

Gliwice - Wszystkich Świętych Church
Gliwice - Wszystkich Świętych Church
Castle in Gliwice.
Castle in Gliwice.

Gliwice is a major applied science hub for the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union. Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union, USMU also known under official name Metropolitan Association of Upper Silesia MAUS (Górnośląski Związek Metropolitalny is a Union Gliwice is a seat of:








Sports

Piast Gliwice, Polish football club

Famous people

Radio station Gliwice wooden tower
Radio station Gliwice wooden tower

Politics

Bytom/Gliwice/Zabrze constituency

Gliwice
Gliwice

Members of Parliament (Sejm) elected from Bytom/Gliwice/Zabrze constituency

Municipal politics

President of city (Mayor) - Zygmunt Frankiewicz

Buildings

Sister cities

Gliwice is twinned with the following cities:

Literature

External links


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