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Glipizide
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| N-[2-[4-(cyclohexylcarbamoylsulfamoyl)phenyl]ethyl]- 5-methyl-pyrazine-2-carboxamide | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| ATC code | A10 |
| PubChem | |
| DrugBank | |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C21H27N5O4S |
| Mol. mass | 445. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System is used for the classification of drugs It is controlled by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug ATC code A10 is a division of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System and part of the A Alimentary tract and metabolism section PubChem is a Database of chemical Molecules The system is maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI a component The DrugBank database available at the University of Alberta is a unique Bioinformatics and Cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Carbon (kɑɹbən is a Chemical element with the symbol C and its Atomic number is 6 Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14 Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the Sulfur or sulphur (ˈsʌlfɚ see spelling below) is the Chemical element that has the Atomic number 16 The molecular mass (abbreviated m of a substance, more commonly referred to as molecular weight and abbreviated as MW, is the Mass of one 536 g/mol |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 100% (regular formulation) 90% (extended release) |
| Protein binding | 98 to 99% |
| Metabolism | Hepatic hydroxylation |
| Half life | 2 to 5 hours |
| Excretion | Renal and fecal |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. | |
| Legal status |
POM (UK), ℞-only (U. For other uses of the words gram or gramme see Gram (disambiguation. The mole (symbol mol) is a unit of Amount of substance: it is an SI base unit, and almost the only unit to be used to measure this In Pharmacology, bioavailability is used to describe the fraction of an administered Dose of unchanged drug that reaches the Systemic circulation, one of A drug's efficiency may be affected by the degree to which it binds to the proteins within Blood plasma. Drug metabolism is the Metabolism of drugs, their Biochemical modification or degradation usually through specialized enzymatic systems The liver is a vital organ in the human body and is present in Vertebrates and some other animals Hydroxylation is any chemical process that introduces one or more hydroxyl groups (-OH into a compound (or radical thereby oxidizing it The biological half-life of a substance is the time it takes for a substance (drug radioactive nuclide or other to lose half of its pharmacologic physiologic or radiologic activity Excretion is the process of eliminating waste products of Metabolism and other non-useful materials The kidneys are complicated organs that have numerous biological roles The pregnancy category of a pharmaceutical agent is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical if it is used as directed by the mother during For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The regulation of therapeutic goods, that is drugs and therapeutic devices, varies by jurisdiction A prescription drug is a licensed medicine that is regulated by legislation to require a prescription before it can be obtained The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located S. ) |
| Routes | Oral |
Glipizide is an oral medium-to-long acting anti-diabetic drug from the sulfonylurea class. In Pharmacology and Toxicology, a route Anti-diabetic drugs treat Diabetes mellitus by lowering Glucose levels in the blood Sulfonylurea (UK Sulphonylurea derivatives are a class of Antidiabetic drugs that are used in the management of Diabetes mellitus type 2 ("adult-onset" It is classified as a second generation sulfonylurea, which means that it undergoes enterohepatic circulation. The structure on the R2 group is a much larger cyclo or aromatic group compared to the 1st generation sulfonylureas. This leads to a once a day dosing that is much less than the first generation, about 100 fold.
Mechanism of action is produced by blocking potassium channels in the Beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans. Potassium (pəˈtæsiəm is a Chemical element. It has the symbol K (kalium from qalīy Atomic number 19 and Atomic mass 39 Beta cells ( beta-cells, β-cells) are a type of cell in the Pancreas in areas called the Islets of Langerhans. Islets of Langerhans is the area in which the Endocrine (ie hormone-producing cells of the Pancreas are grouped By partially blocking the potassium channels, you will increase the time the cell spends in the Calcium release stage of cell signaling leading to an increase in calcium. Potassium (pəˈtæsiəm is a Chemical element. It has the symbol K (kalium from qalīy Atomic number 19 and Atomic mass 39 The increase in Calcium will initiate more Insulin release from each Beta cell.
Originally available in 1984, it is marketed by Pfizer under the brand name Glucotrol in the USA, where Pfizer sells Glucotrol in doses of 5 and 10 milligrams and Glucotrol XL (an extended release form of glipizide) in doses of 2. Pfizer Incorporated ( is a major Pharmaceutical company, which ranks number one in the world in sales 5, 5, and 10 milligrams. Other companies sell generic forms of glipizide, most commonly extended release tablets of 5 and 10 milligrams.
External links
- Glucotrol XL Full U.S. Prescribing Information. Accessed on July 26, 2005. July 26 2005 (Tuesday Conflict in Iraq: At least 12 workers have been shot dead as they are driven away from the