| Glechoma hederacea | ||||||||||||||
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| Glechoma hederacea L. |
Glechoma hederacea (Ground-ivy; syn. Nepeta glechoma Benth., Nepeta hederacea (L.) Trevir. Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for This article deals with the general meaning of the term "synonym" George Bentham CMG FRS ( September 22, 1800 &ndash September 10, 1884) was an English Botanist, characterized by Duane Isely Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for ) is an aromatic, perennial, evergreen creeper of the mint family Lamiaceae, native to Europe and southwestern Asia but introduced to North America and now common in most regions other than the Rocky Mountains. A perennial plant or perennial ( Latin per, "through" annus, "year" is a Plant that lives for more than In Botany, an Evergreen plant is a plant having leaves all year round Lamiaceae or Labiatae, also known as the mint family is a family of Plants comprising about 210 genera and some 3500 species Mountain peaks of the Rocky Mountains The Rocky Mountains, often called the Rockies, are a Mountain range in western North America. Its common names include Alehoof, Creeping Charlie (or Charley), Catsfoot (from the size and shape of the leaf), Field Balm, Run-away-robin, Ground Ivy, Gill-over-the-ground, and Tunhoof. It is also sometimes known as Creeping Jenny, but that more commonly refers to Lysimachia nummularia. Lysimachia is a Genus of Flowering plants It is traditionally classified in the family Primulaceae but should according to "Moneywort" redirects here Bacopa monnieri (Coastal Waterhyssop is also sometimes known by that name It can be identified by its round to reniform (kidney or fan shaped), crenate (with round toothed edges) opposed leaves 2-3 cm diameter, on 3-6 cm long petioles attached to square stems which root at the nodes. In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. In Botany, the petiole is the small stalk attaching the Leaf blade to the stem. It is a variable species, its size being influenced by environmental conditions, from 5 cm up to 50 cm tall.
Glechoma is sometimes confused with common mallow or Malva neglecta, which also has round, lobed leaves; but mallow leaves are attached to the stem at the back of a rounded leaf, where ground ivy has square stems and leaves which are attached in the center of the leaf, more prominent rounded lobes on their edges, attach to the stems in an opposite arrangement, and have a hairy upper surface. Malva neglecta is also known as Common mallow in the United States and also buttonweed cheeseplant cheeseweed dwarf mallow and roundleaf mallow In addition, mallow and other creeping plants sometimes confused with ground ivy do not spread from nodes on stems. In addition, ground ivy emits a distinctive odor when damaged, being a member of the mint family.
The flowers of Glechoma are bilaterally symmetrical, funnel shaped, blue or bluish-violet to lavender, and grow in opposed clusters of 2 or 3 flowers in the leaf axils on the upper part of the stem or near the tip. In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. It usually flowers in the spring.
Glechoma thrives in moist shaded areas, but also tolerates sun very well. It is a common plant in grasslands and wooded areas or wasteland. It also thrives in lawns and around buildings, since it survives mowing. It spreads by stolons or by seed. Part of the reason for its wide spread is this rhizomatous method of reproduction. In Botany, a rhizome is a horizontal stem of a Plant that is usually found underground often sending out Roots and Shoots It will form dense mats which can take over areas of lawn, and thus can be considered an invasive or aggressive weed. A lawn is an area of recreational or amenity land planted with grass, and sometimes Clover and other plants which are maintained at a low even height WEED (1390 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Spanish format
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Ecological aspects
A number of wild bees fly upon this plant, including Anthophora furcata, Anthidum manicatum, Anthophora plumipes, Anthophora quadrimaculata, Osmia aurulenta, Osmia caerulentes, and Osmia uncinata.
Cultivation and uses
Glechoma is sometimes grown as a potted plant, and occasionally as a ground cover. Groundcover is a Plant used for the purpose of growing over an area of ground to hide it or to protect it from erosion or drought A variegated variety is sometimes commercially available. Variegation is the appearance of differently coloured zones in the leaves, and sometimes the stems, of Plants This may be due to a number of causes
While often thought of as a weed because of its propensity for spreading, Glechoma has culinary and medicinal uses which were the cause of its being imported to America by early European settlers. The fresh herb can be rinsed and steeped in hot water to create an herbal tea which is rich in vitamin C. An herbal tea, tisane, or ptisan is an Herbal Infusion made from anything other than the leaves of the Tea bush ( Camellia Vitamin C or L-ascorbate is an Essential nutrient for a large number of higher primate species a small number of other Mammalian The essential oil of the plant has many potent medicinal properties; the plant has been used for centuries as a general tonic for colds and coughs and to relieve congestion of the mucous membranes. An essential oil is a concentrated Hydrophobic Liquid containing volatile Aroma compounds from Plants They are also known as volatile Acute viral nasopharyngitis or acute coryza, usually known as the common cold, is a highly contagious viral Infectious disease of the In Medicine, a cough ( Latin: tussis) is a sudden and often repetitively occurring defence Reflex which helps to clear the large breathing passages The mucous membranes (or mucosae; singular mucosa) are linings of mostly endodermal origin covered in Epithelium, which are involved in The plant has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory properties. Anti-inflammatory refers to the property of a substance or treatment that reduces Inflammation. It has also been claimed to increase excretion of lead in the urine. Excretion is the process of eliminating waste products of Metabolism and other non-useful materials Characteristics Lead has a dull luster and is a dense, Ductile, very soft highly Urine is a liquid waste product of the body secreted by the Kidneys by a process of filtration from Blood and Excreted through the Urethra.
Its medicinal properties have been described for millennia, Galen recommending the plant to treat inflammation of the eyes, for instance. Galen ( Greek: Γαληνός Galēnos; Latin: Claudius Galenus, Aelius Galenus, Claudius Aelius Galenus, or Inflammation ( Latin, inflamatio, to set on fire is the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli such as Pathogens John Gerard, an English herbalist, recommended the plant to treat tinnitus, as well as a "diuretic, astringent, tonic and gentle stimulant. See also John Gerard SJ John Gerard ( Nantwich, 1545 &ndash February 1611/12 in London) was an English An herbalist is A person whose life is dedicated to the economic or medicinal uses of plants Tinnitus (tɪˈnaɪtəs or /ˈtɪnɪtəs/ from the Latin word for " Ringing " is the perception of sound within the human ear in the absence of corresponding A diuretic is any Drug that elevates the rate of urination ( Diuresis) An astringent (also spelled adstringent) substance is a chemical that tends to shrink or constrict Body tissues usually locally after Topical medicinal Useful in kidney diseases and for indigestion. Nephrology (from Greek nephros, " Kidney " and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit Dyspepsia (from the Greek "δυς-" (Dys- and "πέψη" (Pepse known in plain English as indigestion, meaning hard " It is also useful as a "lung herb". [1]
Glechoma was also widely used by the Saxons in brewing beer as flavoring, clarification, and preservative, before the introduction of hops for these purposes; thus the brewing-related names, Alehoof, Tunhoof, and Gill-over-the-ground. The Saxons or Saxon people were a Confederation of Old Germanic tribes. Brewing is the production of Alcoholic beverage and Alcohol fuel through fermentation. Beer is the world's oldest and most widely consumed Alcoholic beverage and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea Hops are the female Flower cones of the hop plant ( Humulus lupulus) Ale is a type of Beer brewed from Malted Barley using a top-fermenting Brewers' yeast. The gill (ˈdʒɪl Homophone of " Jill " is a Unit of measurement for volume equal to a quarter of a Pint.
Control
As is often the case when a plant has this many familiar names, Glechoma is familiar to a large number of people as a weed, a property it shares with many others of the mint family. Johannes Eugenius Bülow Warming ( November 3, 1841 &ndash April 2, 1924) known as Eugen Warming, was a Danish botanist WEED (1390 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Spanish format It can be a problem in heavy, rich soils with good fertility, high moisture, and low boron content. Boron (ˈbɔərɒn is a Chemical element with Atomic number 5 and the chemical symbol B. It thrives particularly well in shady areas where grass does not grow well, although it can also be a problem in full sun.
Small infestations can be controlled through hand weeding; repeated weeding is required because the plant is rhizomatous and will continue to spread from its roots or bits of stem which reroot. In Botany, a rhizome is a horizontal stem of a Plant that is usually found underground often sending out Roots and Shoots
Glechoma is unusually sensitive to boron, and can be killed by applying borax (sodium tetraborate) in solution. Boron (ˈbɔərɒn is a Chemical element with Atomic number 5 and the chemical symbol B. Borax (from Persian burah) also known as sodium borate, sodium tetraborate, or disodium tetraborate, is an important Boron The ratio is eight to ten ounces of borax dissolved in four ounces of warm water, diluted to 2. 5 U.S. gallons of final solution, to be sprayed evenly over precisely 1,000 square feet (100 m²) of lawn "no more, no less". US customary units, also known in the United States as English units or Imperial units (in reference to the British Empire) (but see English Note that despite being a "natural" treatment, boron is toxic to other plants and to animals at only slightly higher concentrations and, being an element, does not break down; therefore the long term effects of this technique on soil or groundwater, although not well documented, can be assumed to be unfavorable. Nature, in the broadest sense is equivalent to the natural world, physical universe, material world or material universe. A chemical element is a type of Atom that is distinguished by its Atomic number; that is by the number of Protons in its nucleus. Groundwater is Water located beneath the Ground surface in Soil pore spaces and in the Fractures of lithologic formations [2],[3]
Aside from mechanical removal or borax treatment, the other alternative for Glechoma infestation is use of commercial herbicides. A herbicide is used to kill unwanted Plants Selective herbicides kill specific targets while leaving the desired Crop relatively unharmed There is some disagreement over the effectiveness of various herbicides, with dicamba (Trimec and Weed-B-Gon) and 2,4-D being described variously as both effective and ineffective by different sources. Dicamba (36- dic hloro-2- m ethoxy' b' enzoic a cid is an Herbicide used to control annual and perennial broadleaf weeds in grain 24-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (24-D is a common systemic Herbicide used in the control of broadleaf weeds Some or all of the disagreement may be due to the existence of subpopulations which have differing susceptibilities to different compounds, as well as to differing rates of application. To avoid generating herbicide resistance, the same product should not be used several years in succession; rather, various products should be used in rotation. Triclopyr has also been described as effective, and Clopyralid, MCPP, and quinclorac as ineffective. Triclopyr is a systemic foliar Herbicide in the Pyridine group Clopyralid (36-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid is a selective Herbicide used for control of broadleaf weeds especially Thistles and Clovers For Mecoprop, or methylchlorophenoxypropionic acid (MCPP is a common general use Herbicide found in many household weed killers and "weed-and-feed" type lawn fertilizers Fluroxypyr and Confront have also been described as effective, but sales of both are restricted to professionals. Two applications ten to fourteen days apart are necessary; also, the ability of the surviving plants to regenerate after 24 days can require a second treatment four or five weeks later, and even more followups.
In addition, the timing of application may play a role in the effectiveness of the herbicide, as well as the perception of effectiveness. For instance, fall is usually the best time for use of broadleaf herbicides; however a slow acting herbicide like triclopyr applied in the fall may not appear to have been effective until the next growing season. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group
Other techniques reported effective are to fertilize with greater than two pounds of nitrogen per thousand square feet annually, and use of the preemergence herbicide, isoxaben. In extremely difficult cases, a short-lived full-spectrum herbicide such as Roundup is used to kill the entire lawn, and it is reseeded from start. Roundup is the brand name of a systemic broad-spectrum Herbicide produced by the U
External links
- Ground Ivy at altnature.com
- Using Borax to Control Creeping Charlie
- Creeping Charlie, The Loveable Lawn Weed
- detailed color photo
References
- ^ A Healing Heritage, June 12, 2007, Joanna Poncavage, The Morning Call (Allentown, Pa. )
- ^ Creeping Charlie Control - Borax University of Minnesota Info-U
- ^ Borax on Ground Ivy: Boon or Bane? Horticulture and Home Pest News, Iowa State University
- An HJ, Jeong HJ, Um JY, Kim HM, Hong SH. "Glechoma hederacea inhibits inflammatory mediator release in IFN-gamma and LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages"; Journal of Ethnopharmacology: Vol. 106, No. 3, pg. 418-24, 2006.
- Ground Ivy: Glechoma hederacea
- Ground Ivy, AKA Creeping Charlie: Wild Groundcover
- Ground Ivy (Glechoma hederacea)
- Questions on: Ground Ivy
- Attempting Ground Ivy Control
- Glechoma hederacea
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