City Of Glasgow Scotland
Scottish Gaelic: Glaschu
Scots: Glesca, Glesga
City Of Glasgow Scotland shown within Scotland
Area[1]	67. Scottish Gaelic ( Gàidhlig) is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages. Scots ( The Scots leid) refers to Anglic varieties derived from early northern Middle English spoken in parts of Scotland and Northern Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 76 sq mi (175. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 5 km²)
Population	580,690 (August 2007)[2]
- Density	8,541. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 8/sq mi (3,298/km²)
Urban[2]	1,750,500
Metro	2. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central 3 million
Language	English
OS grid reference	NS590655
Council area	Glasgow City Council
Lieutenancy area	Glasgow
Constituent country	Scotland
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	GLASGOW
Postcode district	G1–G80
Dialling code	0141
Police	Strathclyde
Fire	Strathclyde
Ambulance	Scottish
European Parliament	Scotland
UK Parliament	Glasgow Central
	Glasgow East
	Glasgow North
	Glasgow North East
	Glasgow North West
	Glasgow South
	Glasgow South West
Scottish Parliament	Glasgow
	Glasgow Anniesland
	Glasgow Baillieston
	Glasgow Cathcart
	Glasgow Govan
	Glasgow Kelvin
	Glasgow Maryhill
	Glasgow Pollok
	Glasgow Rutherglen
	Glasgow Shettleston
Website: www.glasgow.gov.uk
List of places: UK • Scotland • Glasgow

Coordinates: 55°51′29″N 4°15′32″W / 55.858, -4.259

Glasgow (pronounced /ˈglæzgoʊ/) is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom. A language is a dynamic set of visual auditory or tactile Symbols of Communication and the elements used to manipulate them English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude For local government purposes Scotland is divided into 32 areas designated as "council areas" which are all governed by unitary authorities designated as Politics in Glasgow, Scotland, are evident in the deliberations and decisions of the city council of Glasgow ( Glaschu in Gaelic) The Lieutenancy areas of Scotland are the areas used for the ceremonial lord-lieutenants, the monarch 's representatives in Scotland. Constituent country is a phrase used often by official institutions in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. This list of sovereign states, alphabetically arranged gives an overview of States around the world with information on the extent of their Sovereignty. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A post town is a required part of all postal addresses in the United Kingdom, and a basic unit of the postal delivery system UK Postal codes are known as postcodes. UK postcodes are Alphanumeric. The, also known as the Glasgow postcode area, is a group of postal districts around Alexandria, Clydebank, Dumbarton, Glasgow and The UK Telephone numbering plan, also known as the National Telephone Numbering Plan, is the system used for assigning Telephone numbers in the United There are a number of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom. Strathclyde Police is the Police force for the Scottish council areas of Argyll and Bute, City of Glasgow, East Ayrshire The fire service in the United Kingdom operates under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Strathclyde Fire and Rescue is the Statutory fire and rescue service for the area of Strathclyde, Scotland. SASDivmap copyjpg|right|200px]] Helimed5jpg|thumb|right|EC-135 G-SASA "Helimed 5" based at Glasgow City Heliport]] The Scottish Ambulance Service ( Scottish Scotland constitutes a single Constituency of the European Parliament. This is a list of the 646 constituencies currently represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, as at the 2005 general election Glasgow Central is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom ( Westminster) Glasgow East is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom ( Westminster) Glasgow North is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom ( Westminster) For other things called Glasgow North East see Glasgow North East. Glasgow North West is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom ( Westminster) For other things called Glasgow South see Glasgow South. Glasgow South is a constituency of the House of Commons Glasgow South West is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom ( Westminster) The Scottish Parliament ( Scottish Gaelic: Pàrlamaid na h-Alba; Scots: Scottish Pairlament) is the devlolved national unicameral Constituencies and council areas In terms of first past the post constituencies the region includes Election results 2007 Scottish Parliament election Glasgow Anniesland is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament ( Holyrood) Glasgow Baillieston is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament ( Holyrood) Glasgow Cathcart is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament ( Holyrood) Glasgow Govan is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament ( Holyrood) Glasgow Kelvin is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament ( Holyrood) Glasgow Maryhill is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament ( Holyrood) Glasgow Pollok is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament. It elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP by the plurality (first past the Glasgow Rutherglen is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament ( Holyrood) Glasgow Shettleston is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament ( Holyrood) A Gazetteer of place names in the United Kingdom showing each place's County, Unitary authority or council area and its geographical coordinates This List of places in Scotland is a complete collection of lists of places in Scotland. Places that are part of Glasgow vary depending on context as Glasgow is the name of a number sub-divisions of Scotland A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. For a list of the largest contiguous urban areas or Conurbations in the UK see here. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Fully named as the City of Glasgow, it is the most populous of Scotland's 32 unitary authority areas. For local government purposes Scotland is divided into 32 areas designated as "council areas" which are all governed by unitary authorities designated as The city is situated on the River Clyde in the country's west central lowlands. The River Clyde ( Gaelic: Abhainn Chluaidh, avɪɲˈxɫ̪uəj is a major River in Scotland. The Scottish Lowlands ( a' Ghalldachd, meaning roughly 'the non-Gaelic region' in Gaelic, and called Lawlands or Lallans in Scots A person from Glasgow is known as a Glaswegian, which is also the name of the local dialect. A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος dialektos) is a variety of a Language that is characteristic of a particular group of

Glasgow grew from the medieval Bishopric of Glasgow and the later establishment of the University of Glasgow, which contributed to the Scottish Enlightenment. The Bishop of Glasgow, after 1492 Archbishop of Glasgow, was the ecclesiastical head of the Diocese of Glasgow and then as Archbishop of Glasgow the The University of Glasgow (Oilthigh Ghlaschu was founded in 1451 in Glasgow, Scotland and along with its contemporary institutions the University of St Andrews The Scottish Enlightenment was the period in 18th century Scotland characterised by an outpouring of intellectual and scientific accomplishments From the 18th century the city became one of Europe's main hubs of transatlantic trade with the Americas. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system The term transatlantic refers to something occurring all the way across the Atlantic Ocean. Trade is the willing exchange of goods, services, or both Trade is also called Commerce. The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America With the Industrial Revolution, the city and surrounding region grew to become one of the world's pre-eminent centres of engineering and shipbuilding,^[3] constructing many revolutionary and famous vessels. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the See also Shipbuilding (song. Shipbuilding is the construction of Ships It normally takes place in a specialized facility known as a Glasgow was known as the "Second City of the British Empire" in the Victorian era. The second city of a country is the City that is (or was the second-most important usually after the Capital or first city The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities ^[4][5][6] Today it is one of Europe's top sixteen financial centres and is home to many of Scotland's leading businesses. ^[7]

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries Glasgow grew to a population of over one million,^[8] and was the fourth-largest city in Europe, after London, Paris and Berlin^[9] In the 1960s, large-scale relocation to new towns and peripheral suburbs, followed by successive boundary changes, have reduced the current population of the City of Glasgow unitary authority area to 580,690^[2]. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 A new town, planned community or planned city is a City, Town, or Community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. 1,750,500^[2] people live in the Greater Glasgow Urban Area based on the 2007 population Estimate. Greater Glasgow is the Conurbation that includes and surrounds the city of Glasgow in the west of Scotland. ^[2] The entire region surrounding the conurbation covers approximately 2. A conurbation is an Urban area or Agglomeration comprising a number of Cities, large Towns and larger urban areas that through Population 3 million people, 41% of Scotland's population. ^[10]

Contents 1 History 1.1 Toponymy 1.2 Heraldry 2 Governance 2.1 Scottish Parliament region 2.2 United Kingdom Parliament constituencies 3 Geography 3.1 Climate 4 Demography 5 Economy 6 Architecture 7 Districts and suburbs 7.1 City centre 7.1.1 Retail and theatre district 7.1.2 Merchant City 7.1.3 Financial district 7.2 West End 7.3 East End 7.4 South Side 7.5 North Glasgow 8 Culture 8.1 Recreation 8.2 Music scene 8.3 Media 8.4 Religion 8.5 Dialect 8.6 Education 9 Sport 9.1 Football 9.2 Rugby 9.3 Other sports 9.4 2014 Commonwealth Games 10 Transport 10.1 Public transport 10.2 Shipping 10.3 Roads 10.4 Airports 11 Twinned cities 12 See also 13 References 14 External links

History

Main article: History of Glasgow

The present site of Glasgow has been used since prehistoric times for settlement due to it being the forded point of the River Clyde furthest downstream, which also provided a natural area for salmon fishing. A ford is a place in a Watercourse (most commonly a stream or River) that is shallow enough to be crossed by wading on Horseback or in a wheeled Salmon is the common name for several species of Fish of the family Salmonidae. The origins of Glasgow as an established city derive ultimately from its medieval position as Scotland's second largest bishopric. Glasgow increased in importance during the tenth and 11th centuries as the site of this bishopric, reorganised by King David I of Scotland and John, Bishop of Glasgow. David I or Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim ( Modern: Daibhidh I mac Chaluim; b John (? &ndash 1147 was an early 12th century Tironensian cleric The Bishop of Glasgow, after 1492 Archbishop of Glasgow, was the ecclesiastical head of the Diocese of Glasgow and then as Archbishop of Glasgow the There had been an earlier religious site established by Saint Mungo in the 6th century. Saint Mungo is the commonly used name for Saint Kentigern (also known as Cantigernus ( Latin) or Cyndeyrn Garthwys ( Welsh) The bishopric became one of the largest and wealthiest in the Kingdom of Scotland, bringing wealth and status to the town. The Kingdom of Scotland ( Gaelic: Rìoghachd na h-Alba, Scots: Kinrick o Scotland) was a State in northwest Europe Between 1175 and 1178 this position was strengthened even further when Bishop Jocelin obtained for the episcopal settlement the status of burgh from King William I of Scotland, allowing the settlement to expand with the benefits of trading monopolies and other legal guarantees. A Burgh (ˈbʌʀə is an autonomous corporate entity in Scotland, usually a Town. William I ( Mediaeval Gaelic: Uilliam mac Eanric; Modern Gaelic Uilleam mac Eanraig) known as the Lion or Garbh, "the Rough" Sometime between 1189 and 1195 this status was supplemented by an annual fair, which survives to this day as the Glasgow Fair. The Glasgow Fair is a Holiday during the last fortnight in July in the city of Glasgow, Scotland.

Glasgow grew over the following centuries, and the founding of the University of Glasgow in 1451 and elevation of the bishopric to an archbishopric in 1492 increased the town's religious and educational status. The University of Glasgow (Oilthigh Ghlaschu was founded in 1451 in Glasgow, Scotland and along with its contemporary institutions the University of St Andrews In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated Bishop. In the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion and others this means that they lead

After the Acts of Union in 1707, Scotland gained trading access to the vast markets of the British Empire and Glasgow became prominent in international commerce as a hub of trade to the Americas, especially in the movement of tobacco, cotton and sugar into the deep water port that had been created by city merchants at Port Glasgow. The Acts of Union were a pair of Parliamentary Acts passed during 1706 and 1707 by the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland to put into The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. The Tobacco Lords (or “ Virginia Dons ” were Glasgow merchants who in the 18th Century made enormous fortunes by trading in tobacco from Great Britain's Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp Sugar is a class of edible Crystalline substances mainly Sucrose, Lactose, and Fructose. Port Glasgow ( Gaelic Port Ghlaschu pɔɾʃd̪̊ˈɣɫ̪as̪əxu is the second largest town in the Inverclyde Council area ^[11]

Daniel Defoe visited the city in the early 18th century and famously opined in his book A tour thro' the Whole Island of Great Britain, that Glasgow was "the cleanest, most beautiful and best built City in Britain, London excepted". Daniel Defoe (1659/1661 — April 24, 1731 was an English Writer, Journalist, and Pamphleteer, who gained enduring fame for The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system A tour thro' the Whole Island of Great Britain is an account of his travels by English author Daniel Defoe, first published in three volumes from 1724 The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a State in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800 London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. At that time, the city's population numbered approximately 12,000, and was yet to undergo the massive changes to the city's economy and urban fabric, brought about by the influences of the Scottish Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution. The Scottish Enlightenment was the period in 18th century Scotland characterised by an outpouring of intellectual and scientific accomplishments The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the

In its subsequent industrial era, Glasgow produced textiles, engineered goods and steel, which were exported. A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. Engineering is the Discipline and Profession of applying technical and scientific Knowledge and Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 The opening of the Monkland Canal in 1791, facilitated access to the Iron-ore and Coal mines in Lanarkshire. The Monkland Canal was a 1225 mile (196km canal which connected the coal mining areas of Monklands to Glasgow in Scotland. Iron ores are rocks and Minerals from which Metallic Iron can be economically extracted Coal mining is the extraction or removal of Coal from the Earth by Mining. Lanarkshire ( Siorrachd Lannraig in Gaelic) officially the County of Lanark, was formerly a county of Scotland. After extensive engineering projects to dredge and deepen the Clyde, Shipbuilding became a major industry on the upper stretches of the river, building many famous ships (although many were actually built in Clydebank). Dredging is an Excavation activity or operation usually carried out at least partly underwater in shallow seas or Fresh water areas with the purpose of See also Shipbuilding (song. Shipbuilding is the construction of Ships It normally takes place in a specialized facility known as a Clydebank is a town in West Dunbartonshire, in the Central Lowlands of Scotland Glasgow's population had surpassed that of Edinburgh by 1821. Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year By the end of the 19th century the city was known as the "Second City of the Empire" and was producing most of the ships and locomotives in the world. A locomotive is a railway Vehicle that provides the motive power for a Train. During this period, the construction of many of the city's greatest architectural masterpieces and most ambitious civic projects, like the Loch Katrine aqueduct and Subway, were being funded by its wealth. Loch Katrine ( Scottish Gaelic Loch Ceiterein lˠ̪ɔx kʲeʰd̊ʲəɾʲɛɲ is a freshwater Loch in the district of Stirling, Scotland An aqueduct is an artificial channel that is constructed to convey water from one location to another The Glasgow Subway is an underground metro line in Glasgow, Scotland.

From the late 1840s onwards, vast numbers of Irish Catholics settled in Glasgow. Originally forced to flee Ireland due to the Great Famine in that country, the Irish continued to immigrate into the City of Glasgow in huge numbers for the rest of the nineteenth- and twentieth-centuries, driven to the city by economic stagnation at home. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world The Irish people ( Irish: Muintir na hÉireann, na hÉireannaigh, na Gaeil) are a Western European Ethnic group who originate This Irish immigration has given Glasgow a large Catholic population. Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete".

The 20th century witnessed both decline and renewal in the city. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on After World War I, the city suffered from the impact of the Post-World War I recession and from the later Great Depression, this also led to a rise of radical socialism and the "Red Clydeside" movement. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The post-World War I recession was an Economic Recession that hit much of the world after World War I. This article deals with the effects of the Great Depression of the 1930s - also known as the Great Slump - on the United Kingdom. Red Clydeside is a term used to describe the era of political radicalism that characterised the city of Glasgow in Scotland, and urban areas around the city on the The city had recovered by the outbreak of the Second World War and grew through the post-war boom that lasted through the 1950s. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including However by the 1960s, a lack of investment and innovation led to growing overseas competition in countries like Japan and Germany which weakened the once pre-eminent position of many of the city's industries. Japanese post-war economic miracle is the name given to the historical phenomenon of Japan's record period of economic growth following World War II, spurred The term ( German for "economic miracle" describes the rapid reconstruction and development of the economies of West Germany and Austria As a result of this, Glasgow entered a long running period of relative economic decline, leading to high unemployment, urban decay, population decline, welfare dependency and poor health for the city's inhabitants. Unemployment occurs when a person is available to work and currently seeking work but the person is without work. Urban decay is a process by which a City, or a part of a city falls into a state of disrepair Depopulation is a term used to describe any great reduction in a human population The welfare trap theory asserts that Taxation and welfare systems can jointly contribute to keep people on social insurance There were active attempts at regeneration of the city, when the Glasgow Corporation published its controversial Bruce Report, which set out a comprehensive series of initiatives aimed at turning round the decline of the city. The Bruce Report is the name commonly given to two urban redevelopment reports of the Glasgow Corporation (the former local authority area for the city There are also accusations that the Scottish Office had deliberately attempted to undermine Glasgow's economic and political influence in post-war Scotland by preventing the creation of new industries and creating the new towns of Cumbernauld, Glenrothes, Irvine, Livingston and East Kilbride, dispersed across the Scottish Lowlands, in order to halve the city's population base. The Scottish Office was a department of the United Kingdom Government from 1885 until 1999 exercising a wide range of government functions in relation to Scotland Post-War is the fifth studio album by M Ward. It was released on August 22 2006 by Merge Records. A new town, planned community or planned city is a City, Town, or Community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically Cumbernauld ( Gaelic: Comar nan Allt) is a New town in North Lanarkshire, Scotland. Glenrothes is a former new town situated in the heart of Fife, in east central Scotland. Irvine ( Gaelic: Irbhinn) is a coastal New town in North Ayrshire, Scotland. Livingston is the fourth post-war New town to be built in Scotland, designated in 1962 East Kilbride is a large suburban town in the South Lanarkshire council area of Scotland. The Scottish Lowlands ( a' Ghalldachd, meaning roughly 'the non-Gaelic region' in Gaelic, and called Lawlands or Lallans in Scots ^[12]

However, by the 1990s, there had been a significant resurgence in Glasgow's economic fortunes; the city found a new role as a European centre for business services and finance and benefited from an increase in tourism and inward investment. The latter is largely due to the legacy of the city's status as European City of Culture in 1990, and attempts to diversify the city's economy. The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union for a period of one Calendar year during which it is given a chance to showcase its This economic revival has continued and the ongoing regeneration of inner-city areas has led to more affluent people moving back to live in the centre of Glasgow, fuelling allegations of gentrification. Urban Renewal (similar to Urban Regeneration in British English) is a controversial U The inner city is the central area of a major city or metropolis Gentrification, or urban gentrification, is the change in an Urban area associated with the movement of more affluent individuals into a lower-class

In June 2007, Glasgow International Airport was subject to terrorist attack. The 2007 Glasgow International Airport attack occurred on Saturday 30 June 2007, at 1511 BST, when a dark green Jeep Cherokee loaded with

Toponymy

It is common to derive the name Glasgow from the older Cumbric glas cau or a Middle Gaelic cognate, which would have meant green hollow. The Lighthouse in Glasgow, is Scotland 's Centre for Architecture Design and the City Cumbric was the Brythonic Celtic language, often considered to be a Dialect of Welsh, spoken in Northern England and southern Middle Irish is the name given by historical philologists to the Goidelic language used from the 10th to 12th centuries it is therefore a contemporary The settlement probably had an earlier Cumbric name, Cathures; the modern name appears for the first time in the Gaelic period (1116), as Glasgu. However, it is also recorded that the King of Strathclyde, Rhydderch Hael, welcomed Saint Kentigern (also known as Saint Mungo), and procured his consecration as bishop about 540. Strathclyde ( Gaelic: Srath Chluaidh) (lit "Valley of the Clyde" originally Brythonic Ystrad Clud, was one of the kingdoms Riderch I of Alt Clut (fl 580 died c 614 commonly known as Riderch or Rhydderch Hael (the Generous was a ruler of Alt Clut (the region around modern Dumbarton Saint Mungo is the commonly used name for Saint Kentigern (also known as Cantigernus ( Latin) or Cyndeyrn Garthwys ( Welsh) For some thirteen years Kentigern laboured in the region, building his church at the Molendinar Burn, and making many converts. The Molendinar Burn is a stream in Glasgow, Scotland. It was the site of the settlement that grew to become the kernel of Glasgow and where St Mungo founded A large community developed around him and became known as Glasgu (meaning the dear Green or the dear green place).

Heraldry

The coat of arms of the City of Glasgow, as granted to the royal burgh by the Lord Lyon on 25 October 1866. The Lord Lyon King of Arms, the head of Lyon Court, is the most junior of the Great Officers of State in Scotland and is the Scottish official with responsibility Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common ^[13] It incorporates a number of symbols and emblems associated with the life of Glasgow's patron saint, Mungo, which had been used on official seals prior to that date. The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members The emblems represent miracles supposed to have been performed by Mungo and are listed in the traditional rhyme:

Here's the bird that never flew

Here's the tree that never grew

Here's the bell that never rang

Here's the fish that never swam

Mungo is also said to have preached a sermon containing the words Lord, Let Glasgow flourish by the preaching of the word and the praising of thy name. Saint Mungo is the commonly used name for Saint Kentigern (also known as Cantigernus ( Latin) or Cyndeyrn Garthwys ( Welsh) This was abbreviated to "Let Glasgow Flourish" and adopted as the city's motto. The motto was more recently commemorated in a song called "Mother Glasgow", which was written by Dundonian singer/songwriter Michael Marra, but popularised by Hue and Cry. Michael "Atlas" Marra is a Dundee -born (1952 Musician. In Common law, a hue and cry ( Latin, hutesium et clamor, "a horn and shouting" was a process by which bystanders were summoned to assist

In 1450, John Stewart, the first Lord Provost of Glasgow, left an endowment so that a "St Mungo's Bell" could be made and tolled throughout the city so that the citizens would pray for his soul. A Lord Provost is the figurative and ceremonial head of one of the principal cities in Scotland. A new bell was purchased by the magistrates in 1641 and that bell is still on display in the People's Palace Museum, near Glasgow Green. This article is about the building in Glasgow Alexandra Palace in London is also known as The People's Palace (which was its original name Glasgow Green is a Park situated in the east end of Glasgow on the north bank of the River Clyde.

The supporters are two salmon bearing rings, and the crest is a half length figure of Saint Mungo. In Heraldry, supporters are figures usually placed on either side of the shield and depicted holding it up He wears a bishop's mitre and liturgical vestments and has his hand raised in "the act of benediction". Vestments are liturgical garments and articles associated primarily with the Christian religions especially the Latin Rite and other Roman Catholics A benediction ( Latin: bene, well + dicere, to speak is a short Invocation for divine help Blessing and guidance usually at the The original 1866 grant placed the crest atop a helm, but this was removed in subsequent grants. A helmet is a form of Protective gear worn on the head to protect it from injuries a variation of the hat The current version (1996) has a gold mural crown between the shield and the crest. In Hellenistic culture a mural crown identified the goddess Tyche, the embodiment of the fortune of a city familiar to Romans as Fortuna. This form of coronet, resembling an embattled city wall, was allowed to the four area councils with city status.

The arms were rematriculated by the City of Glasgow District Council on 6 February 1975, and by the present area council on 25 March 1996. Politics in Glasgow, Scotland, are evident in the deliberations and decisions of the city council of Glasgow ( Glaschu in Gaelic) Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) The only change made on each occasion was in the type of coronet over the arms. ^[14][15]

Governance

See also: Politics of Glasgow

Since the Representation of the People Act 1918, Glasgow has increasingly supported Left-wing ideas and politics. Politics in Glasgow, Scotland, are evident in the deliberations and decisions of the city council of Glasgow ( Glaschu in Gaelic) The City Chambers (built 1882-90 architect William Young) of Glasgow, Scotland, are the headquarters of Glasgow City Council, the largest The Representation of the People Act 1918 was an Act of Parliament passed to reform the electoral system in the United Kingdom. The city council has been controlled by the Labour Party for 30 years, since the decline of the Progressives. Politics in Glasgow, Scotland, are evident in the deliberations and decisions of the city council of Glasgow ( Glaschu in Gaelic) The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the The Progressive Party (or Progressives) were municipal political organisations that operated in the United Kingdom: a centre-left organisation based in The left-wing support emanates from the city's legacy as an industrial powerhouse, and the relative poverty of many Glaswegian constituencies and wards. In the United Kingdom (UK, each of the electoral areas or divisions called constituencies elects one or more members to a parliament or assembly A ward in the United Kingdom is an electoral district at subnational level represented by one or more councillors In the aftermath of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and German Revolution, the city's frequent strikes and Militant organisations caused serious alarm at Westminster, with one uprising in January 1919 prompting the Prime Minister, David Lloyd George to deploy 10,000 troops and tanks onto the city's streets. See also Russian Revolution (1905 The Russian Revolution of 1916 refers to a series of popular revolutions in Russia, and the events surrounding them For the British newspaper and Marxist organization see Militant tendency. Westminster is an area of Central London, within the City of Westminster. The 1919 Battle of George Square, also known as Bloody Friday and Black Friday, was one of the worst Riots on the streets of Glasgow, This article is about the government position For other uses see Prime Minister (disambiguation. David Lloyd George 1st Earl Lloyd George of Dwyfor OM, PC (17 January 1863 &ndash 26 March 1945 was a British Statesman and the only A huge demonstration in the city's George Square on 31 January ended in violence after the Riot Act was read. George Square is the central square in the Scottish city of Glasgow. Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes The Riot Act (1 Geo 1 c 5 of 1714 was an act introduced by the Parliament of Great Britain authorising local authorities to declare any group of

Industrial action at the shipyards gave rise to the "Red Clydeside" epithet. Industrial action (UK and Ireland or job action (US refers collectively to any measure taken by Trade unions or other organised labour meant to reduce Productivity Red Clydeside is a term used to describe the era of political radicalism that characterised the city of Glasgow in Scotland, and urban areas around the city on the During the 1930s, Glasgow was the main base of the Independent Labour Party. See Independent Labor Party for the Political party in Burundi, Independent Labour Group for the Irish party and Labour candidates Towards the end of the 20th century it became a centre of the struggle against the poll tax, and then the main base of the Scottish Socialist Party, a far left party in Scotland. The Community Charge, popularly known as the " poll tax " was a system of taxation introduced in replacement of the rates to part fund Local government This article deals with the Scottish Socialist Party that was formed in 1998 and is still active today

Scottish Parliament region

See also: Glasgow Scottish Parliament region

The Glasgow electoral region of the Scottish Parliament covers the Glasgow City council area, the Rutherglen area of the South Lanarkshire and a small eastern portion of Renfrewshire. Constituencies and council areas In terms of first past the post constituencies the region includes Election results 2007 Scottish Parliament election Constituencies and council areas In terms of first past the post constituencies the region includes Election results 2007 Scottish Parliament election Rutherglen (pronounced ruh-ther-glen is a town in South Lanarkshire, Scotland. South Lanarkshire ( Siorrachd Lannraig a Deas in Gaelic) is one of 32 unitary council areas of Scotland, covering the southern part of the Renfrewshire ( Siorrachd Rinn Friù in Scottish Gaelic) is one of 32 Council areas of Scotland. It elects ten of the parliament's 73 first past the post constituency members and seven of the 56 additional members. The plurality voting system is a Single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member Mixed member proportional representation, also termed mixed-member proportional voting and commonly abbreviated to MMP, is an ' additional member ' Both kinds of member are known as Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs). Member of the Scottish Parliament ( MSP) ( Ball Pàrlamaid na h-Alba ( BPA) in Gaelic) is the title given to any one of the 129 individuals elected The system of election is designed to produce a form of proportional representation. Proportional representation (sometimes referred to as full representation or PR is a category of electoral formula aiming at a close match between the percentage of votes

The first past the post seats were created in 1999 with the names and boundaries of then existing Westminster (House of Commons) constituencies. The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords In 2005, however, the number of Westminster Members of Parliament (MPs) representing Scotland was cut to 59, with new constituencies being formed, while the existing number of MSPs was retained at Holyrood. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Member of the Scottish Parliament ( MSP) ( Ball Pàrlamaid na h-Alba ( BPA) in Gaelic) is the title given to any one of the 129 individuals elected

The ten Scottish Parliament constituencies in the Glasgow electoral region are:-

• Glasgow Anniesland
• Glasgow Baillieston
• Glasgow Cathcart
• Glasgow Govan
• Glasgow Kelvin
• Glasgow Maryhill
• Glasgow Pollok
• Glasgow Rutherglen
• Glasgow Shettleston
• Glasgow Springburn

United Kingdom Parliament constituencies

See also: United Kingdom constituencies

Following reform of constituencies of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom Parliament (Westminster) in 2005, which reduced the number of Scottish Members of Parliament (MPs), the current Westminster constituencies representing Glasgow are:-

• Glasgow Central
• Glasgow East
• Glasgow North
• Glasgow North East
• Glasgow North West
• Glasgow South
• Glasgow South West

Geography

Main article: Geography of Glasgow

Glasgow is located on the banks of the River Clyde, in West Central Scotland. Glasgow Anniesland is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament ( Holyrood) Glasgow Baillieston is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament ( Holyrood) Glasgow Cathcart is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament ( Holyrood) Glasgow Govan is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament ( Holyrood) Glasgow Kelvin is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament ( Holyrood) Glasgow Maryhill is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament ( Holyrood) Glasgow Pollok is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament. It elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP by the plurality (first past the Glasgow Rutherglen is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament ( Holyrood) Glasgow Shettleston is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament ( Holyrood) Glasgow Springburn is a constituency of the Scottish Parliament ( Holyrood) In the United Kingdom (UK, each of the electoral areas or divisions called constituencies elects one or more members to a parliament or assembly The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Glasgow Central is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom ( Westminster) Glasgow East is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom ( Westminster) Glasgow North is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom ( Westminster) For other things called Glasgow North East see Glasgow North East. Glasgow North West is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom ( Westminster) For other things called Glasgow South see Glasgow South. Glasgow South is a constituency of the House of Commons Glasgow South West is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom ( Westminster) Geography of Glasgow, relates to the geography climate and demographics of Glasgow, Scotland Glasgow is located on the banks of the River Clyde, in The River Clyde ( Gaelic: Abhainn Chluaidh, avɪɲˈxɫ̪uəj is a major River in Scotland. Strathclyde ( Srath Chluaidh in Gaelic, meaning "valley of the River Clyde" is a Historic subdivision of Scotland, and was one of the regional Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain.

Climate

Weather in Glasgow is not typical of the weather in the rest of the UK for several reasons. Glasgow benefits from a mild south western position; the Gulf Stream currents flow up the Clyde estuary from the Atlantic warming the area. The Gulf Stream, together with its northern extension towards Europe the North Atlantic Drift, is a powerful warm and swift Atlantic Ocean current that The River Clyde ( Gaelic: Abhainn Chluaidh, avɪɲˈxɫ̪uəj is a major River in Scotland. The city is also sheltered by the surrounding Clyde Valley hills keeping the city fairly humid throughout the year. The temperature is often milder than the rest of the country.

The spring months (March to May) are mild and cool. Many of Glasgow's trees and plants begin to flower at this time of the year and parks and gardens are filled with spring colours. The summer months (May to September) can vary considerably between mild and wet weather or warm and sunny. The winds are generally westerly, due to the warm Gulf Stream. The Gulf Stream, together with its northern extension towards Europe the North Atlantic Drift, is a powerful warm and swift Atlantic Ocean current that The warmest month is usually July, the daily high averaging 20 °C (68 °F). (Highest recorded temperature 31. 2 °C/88 °F 4 August 1975. Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ) Despite some infrequent clear or dry days, winters in Glasgow are normally damp and cold. (Lowest recorded temperature −17 °C/1 °F 29 December 1995). Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 However, the Gulf Stream ensures that Glasgow stays warmer than other cities at the same latitude such as Moscow. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Winds and rainfall are often fairly chilling and strong, like the rest of western Scotland. Severe snowfalls melt within days and rarely lie in the city centre. December, January and February are the wettest months of the year, but can often be sunny and clear.

Weather averages for Glasgow, United Kingdom
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	13 (56)	12 (55)	15 (59)	23 (75)	27 (81)	29 (85)	30 (86)	31 (88)	25 (78)	21 (70)	15 (59)	13 (57)	31 (88)
Average high °C (°F)	6 (43)	6 (44)	8 (47)	11 (52)	15 (59)	17 (63)	18 (66)	18 (65)	15 (60)	12 (54)	8 (48)	6 (44)	12 (54)
Average low °C (°F)	1 (34)	1 (34)	2 (36)	3 (38)	4 (43)	8 (48)	11 (52)	10 (51)	8 (47)	5 (42)	2 (37)	1 (35)	5 (41)
Record low °C (°F)	-17 (1)	-12 (9)	-8 (16)	-4 (24)	-3 (25)		3 (38)	1 (35)	-2 (27)	-7 (19)	-10 (14)	-17 (1)	-17 (1)
Precipitation cm (inches)	8. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric 69 (3. 42)	7. 9 (3. 11)	7. 44 (2. 93)	4. 65 (1. 83)	3. 35 (1. 32)	3. 86 (1. 52)	4. 95 (1. 95)	5. 26 (2. 07)	5. 66 (2. 23)	8. 48 (3. 34)	8. 48 (2. 62)	7. 49 (2. 95)	6. 35 (2. 44)
Source: Weatherbook [16] May 2008

Demography

Main article: Geography of Glasgow#Demographics

The population of the Glasgow City Council area peaked in the 1950s at 1,200,000 people and before that for 80 years was over 1 million. Geography of Glasgow, relates to the geography climate and demographics of Glasgow, Scotland Glasgow is located on the banks of the River Clyde, in During this period, Glasgow was one of the most densely populated cities in the world. After the 1960s, clearings of poverty-stricken inner city areas like the Gorbals and relocation to 'new towns' such as East Kilbride and Cumbernauld led to population decline. The Gorbals ( Gort a' Bhaile in Gaelic) is a area on the south bank of the River Clyde in the city of Glasgow A new town, planned community or planned city is a City, Town, or Community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically East Kilbride is a large suburban town in the South Lanarkshire council area of Scotland. Cumbernauld ( Gaelic: Comar nan Allt) is a New town in North Lanarkshire, Scotland. In addition, the boundaries of the city were changed twice during the late 20th century, making direct comparisons difficult. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on The city continues to expand beyond the official city council boundaries into surrounding suburban areas, encompassing around 400 square miles (1,000 km²) if all adjoining suburbs, commuter towns and villages are included.

There are two distinct definitions for the population of Glasgow; the Glasgow City Council Area (which lost the districts of Rutherglen and Cambuslang to South Lanarkshire in 1996) and the Greater Glasgow Urban Area which includes the conurbation around the city. Rutherglen (pronounced ruh-ther-glen is a town in South Lanarkshire, Scotland. Cambuslang ( Scottish Gaelic: Camas Long from camas - river bend long - ship is a suburban town on the south-eastern outskirts South Lanarkshire ( Siorrachd Lannraig a Deas in Gaelic) is one of 32 unitary council areas of Scotland, covering the southern part of the Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar)

Since the 1840s to present day, massive numbers of Irish immigrants have settled and contributed immensely in the city. Mention is made of the term Irish-Scot in the text of the atlas The Theatre of the Empire of Great Britain (1612} by John Speed (1552-1629 Numerous Scottish Highlanders also migrated to the city as a result of the Highland Clearances. The Gàidhealtachd /kɛːəɫtaxk/ ( Eng: Gaeldom) sometimes known as A' Ghàidhealtachd (Eng the Gàidhealtachd) usually refers to the The Highland Clearances ( Scottish Gaelic: Fuadaich nan Gàidheal the expulsion of the Gael were Forced displacements of the population of the Scottish The Irish, and to a lesser extent Highlanders, contributed to the explosive growth of Roman Catholicism in the city. ^[17][18]

In the early 20th century, many Lithuanian asylum seekers began to settle in Glasgow and at its height in the 1950s there were around 10,000 in the Glasgow area. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the ^[19] Many Italian-Scots also settled in Glasgow, originating from areas like Frosinone and Lucca at this time, many originally working as "Hokey Pokey" men^[20]. Italian Scots or Scots-Italians are an Ethnic minority of Italian descent living in Scotland. Frosinone is a town and Comune in Lazio, central Italy, the Capital of the Province of Frosinone. Lucca is a city in Tuscany, northern central Italy, situated on the river Serchio in a fertile plain near (but not on the Ligurian Sea Hokey pokey is a flavour of Ice cream consisting of plain vanilla ice cream with small solid lumps of either honeycomb ( Australia) or solid toffee In the 1960s and '70s, many Asian-Scots also settled in Glasgow, mainly in the Pollokshields area as well as Cantonese immigrants, many of whom settled in the Garnethill area of the city. Asian-Scots or Scottish Asians are Scottish citizens citizens of South Asian ancestry or South Asian immigrants to Scotland. Pollokshields is an area of the Southside of Glasgow, Scotland. Cantonese people ( Jyutping: gwong2 dung1 jan4 broadly speaking are persons originating from the present-day Guangdong province in southern China Garnethill is a predominately residential area of the city of Glasgow, Scotland Located in the city centre the area borders Cowcaddens to its north Since 2000, the UK government has pursued a policy of dispersal of asylum seekers to ease pressure on social housing in the London area. Since the formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1922 there has been substantial Immigration from other parts of The world. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Glasgow has seen waves of new arrivals because of this policy, though not always smoothly in some districts.

Location	Population	Area	Density
Glasgow City Council[21]	578,790	67. 76 sq mi (175 km²)	8,541. 8/sq mi (3,298/km²)
Greater Glasgow Urban Area[22]	1,168,270	142. 27 sq mi (368 km²)	8,212. 9/sq mi (3,171/km²)
Source: Scotland's Census Results Online[23]

Since the 2001 census the population decline has stabilised. During 2001 population Censuses were conducted in Australia: See Census in Australia Austria: See Demographics of Austria The 2004 population of the city council area was 685,090 and the population of both the City of Glasgow Council area and Greater Glasgow are forecast to grow in the near future. Around 2,300,000 people live in the Glasgow travel to work area. ^[10] This area is defined as having 10% and over of residents travelling into Glasgow to work, and has no fixed boundaries. ^[24]

Compared to Inner London, which has 23,441 inhabitants per square mile (9,051/km²). Inner London is the name for the group of London boroughs which form the interior part of Greater London and are surrounded by Outer London. ^[25], Scotland's major city has less than half the current population density of the English capital—8,603 inhabitants per square mile (3,322/km²) However, in 1931 the population density was 16,166 inhabitants per square mile (6,242/km²), highlighting the subsequent 'clearances' to the suburbs and new towns that were built to empty one of Europe's most densely populated cities^[26].

Economy

Glasgow has the largest economy in Scotland and is at the hub of the metropolitan area of West Central Scotland. The economy of Scotland is closely linked with the rest of the United Kingdom and the wider European Economic Area, it is essentially a Mixed economy Greater Glasgow is the Conurbation that includes and surrounds the city of Glasgow in the west of Scotland. The city also has the third largest GDP Per Capita in the UK, after London and Edinburgh^[27]. Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head with Per meaning 'through' or 'by' The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. The city itself sustains more than 410,000 jobs in over 12,000 companies. Over 153,000 jobs have been created in the city since 2000 - a growth rate of 32%. ^[28] Glasgow's annual economic growth rate of 4. 4% is now second only to that of London. In 2005 alone over 17,000 new jobs were created, and 2006 saw private-sector investment in the city reaching £4. 2 billion pounds, an increase of 22% in a single year. ^[29] 55% of the residents in the Greater Glasgow area commute to the city every day. Greater Glasgow is the Conurbation that includes and surrounds the city of Glasgow in the west of Scotland. Once dominant manufacturing industries such as shipbuilding and heavy engineering have been gradually replaced in importance by a diversified economy. ^[30]

Glasgow's economy has seen significant growth of tertiary sector industries such as financial and business services, communications, biosciences, creative industries, healthcare, higher education, retail and tourism. Foundations of modern biology There are five unifying principles Between 1998 and 2001, the city's financial services sector grew at a rate of 30%, making considerable gains on Edinburgh, which has historically been the centre of the Scottish financial sector. ^[31][32] Glasgow is the second most popular foreign tourist destination in Scotland and its largest retail centre. Glasgow is also one of Europe's sixteen largest financial centres.

The city retains a strong link to the manufacturing sector which accounts for well over 60% of Scotland's manufactured exports, with particular strengths in shipbuilding, engineering, food and drink, printing, publishing, chemicals and textiles as well as new growth sectors such as optoelectronics, software development and biotechnology. Optoelectronics is the study and application of electronic devices that source detect and control Light, usually considered a sub-field of Photonics. Software development is the translation of a user need or marketing goal into a Software product Biotechnology is Technology based on Biology, especially when used in Agriculture, Food science, and Medicine. Glasgow forms the western part of the Silicon Glen high tech sector of Scotland. Silicon Glen is a Nickname for the High tech sector of Scotland. A growing number of Blue chip financial sector companies have significant operations or headquarters in the city.

However, large-scale social deprivation remains a problem. A report published in 2007 stated that the gap between prosperous and deprived areas of the city is wide and appears to have been growing. ^[33]In 2006, 47% of Glasgow's population lived in the most deprived 15% of areas in Scotland,^[33], while 29. 4% of the city's working-age residents are defined as "economically inactive". ^[34] There are estimated to be over 170 gangs in Glasgow—a similar number to London, which is over 6 times bigger. ^[34]

Architecture

Very little of medieval Glasgow remains, the two main landmarks from this period being the 14th century Provand's Lordship and St. Mungo's Cathedral. The Provand's Lordship located in Glasgow, Scotland, today stands as a museum located at the top of Castle Street in the shadow of the Glasgow Cathedral Glasgow Cathedral, also called the High Kirk of Glasgow, is today a Church of Scotland Cathedral in Glasgow. The vast majority of the city as seen today dates from the 19th century. As a result, Glasgow has an impressive heritage of Victorian architecture - the Glasgow City Chambers, the main building of the University of Glasgow, designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott and the Glasgow School of Art, designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh are outstanding examples. The term Victorian architecture can refer to one of a number of Architectural styles predominantly employed during the Victorian era. The City Chambers (built 1882-90 architect William Young) of Glasgow, Scotland, are the headquarters of Glasgow City Council, the largest The University of Glasgow (Oilthigh Ghlaschu was founded in 1451 in Glasgow, Scotland and along with its contemporary institutions the University of St Andrews Sir George Gilbert Scott ( 13 July 1811 &ndash 27 March, 1878) was an English Architect of the Victorian Age Glasgow School of Art is one of four independent art schools in Scotland, situated in the Garnethill area of Glasgow. A hidden gem of Glasgow, also designed by Mackintosh is the Queen's Cross Church, the only church by the renowned artist to be built. The Church of Scotland parish church Glasgow Queen's Cross, also known as The Mackintosh Church, is the only church designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh ^[35]

Glasgow's impressive historical and modern architectural traditions were celebrated in 1999 when the city was designated UK City of Architecture and Design,^[36] winning the accolade over Liverpool and Edinburgh. Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. ^[37]

Another architect who had an enduring impact on the city's appearance was Alexander Thomson, who produced a distinctive architecture based on fundamentalist classicism that gave him the nickname "Greek". Alexander “Greek” Thomson ( April 9 1817 – March 22 1875) was an eminent Glaswegian Architect and architectural Examples of Thomson's work can be found over the city^[38].

The buildings reflect the wealth and self confidence of the residents of the "Second City of the Empire". Glasgow generated immense wealth from trade and the industries that developed from the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the The shipyards, marine engineering, steel making, and heavy industry all contributed to the growth of the city. Shipyards and dockyards are places which repair and build ships These can be Yachts military Marine Engineers are the members of a ship's crew that operate and maintain the propulsion and other systems on board the vessel Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 Heavy industry does not have a single fixed meaning as compared to Light industry. At one time the expression "Clydebuilt" was synonymous with quality and engineering excellence. ^[39] The Templeton's carpet factory on Glasgow Green was designed to resemble the Doge's Palace in Venice. Glasgow Green is a Park situated in the east end of Glasgow on the north bank of the River Clyde. The Doge's Palace is a gothic Palace in Venice. In Italian it is called the Palazzo Ducale di Venezia. Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the

Many of the city's most impressive buildings were built with red or blond sandstone, but during the industrial era those colours disappeared under a pervasive black layer of soot and pollutants from the furnaces, until the Clean Air Act was introduced in 1956. Sandstone is a Sedimentary rock composed mainly of Sand -size Mineral or rock grains. A furnace is a device used for Heating The name derives from Latin fornax, Oven. A Clean Air Act describes one of a number of pieces of legislation relating to the reduction of Smog and Air pollution in general In recent years many of these buildings have been cleaned and restored to their original appearance.

Perhaps more than any other city Glasgow is known for its tenements^[40]. These were the most popular form of housing in 19th and 20th century Glasgow and remain the most common form of dwelling in Glasgow today. Tenements are commonly bought by a wide range of social types and are favoured for their large rooms, high ceilings and original period features^[41]. The Hyndland area of Glasgow is the only tenement conservation area in the UK ^[42], and includes some tenement houses with as many as six bedrooms, often valued at over £500,000. Hyndland is a prime residential area in the fashionable West End of the city of Glasgow, Scotland.

Like many cities in the UK, Glasgow witnessed the construction of a large concentration of high-rise housing in tower blocks in the 1960s^[43]. A tower block, block of flats, or apartment block, is a multi-unit High-rise Apartment building. These were built to replace the decaying tenement buildings originally built for workers who migrated from Ireland in order to feed the local demand for labour^[44]. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world These tenements were often overcrowded and unsanitary. Many developed into the infamous Glasgow slums, such as the notorious Gorbals and were demolished to make way for large peripheral housing estates built on the outer fringes of the city. A slum, as defined by the United Nations agency UN-HABITAT, is a run-down area of a city characterized by substandard housing and squalor and lacking in tenure security The Gorbals ( Gort a' Bhaile in Gaelic) is a area on the south bank of the River Clyde in the city of Glasgow ^[45] These housing estates, known as "schemes", are widely regarded as unsuccessful; many, such as Castlemilk, were just dormitories well away from the centre of the city with no amenities, such as shops and public houses (deserts with windows, as Billy Connolly once put it). Castlemilk ( Caisteal Mheilc in Gaelic is a huge district of Glasgow, Scotland. Billy Connolly, CBE (born William Connolly Jr on 24 November, 1942) is a Scottish Many of the tower blocks were poorly designed and cheaply built and became magnets for crime. This policy of demolition is now considered to have been short-sighted, wasteful and largely unsuccessful. Many of Glasgow's worst tenements were refurbished into desirable accommodation in the 1970s and 1980s^[46] and the policy of demolition is considered to have destroyed many fine examples of a "universally admired architectural" style^[47]. The Glasgow Housing Association took ownership of the housing stock from the city council on 7 March 2003, and has begun a £96 million clearance and demolition programme to clear and demolish most of the high-rise flats. Glasgow Housing Association (GHA is a private not-for-profit company created by the Scottish Executive for the purpose of owning and managing Glasgow's Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[48]

Modern buildings in Glasgow include the Glasgow Royal Concert Hall, and along the banks of the Clyde are the Glasgow Science Centre and the Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre, whose Clyde Auditorium was designed by Sir Norman Foster, and is affectionately known as the "Armadillo". The Glasgow Royal Concert Hall is an arts venue in the city of Glasgow, Scotland. Glasgow Science Centre is a visitor attraction located on the south bank of the River Clyde in Glasgow, Scotland. The Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre ( SECC) located on the north bank of the River Clyde in Glasgow, is Scotland's national venue The Clyde Auditorium, familiarly known as " The Armadillo " is a Concert and public event venue in Glasgow, Scotland. Norman Robert Foster Baron Foster of Thames Bank, OM, FRIBA, RDI, (born 1 June 1935) is a British architect whose company Armadillos are small Placental Mammals known for having a leathery armor shell Zaha Hadid won a competition to design the new Museum of Transport, which will move to the waterfront. Zaha Hadid (زها حديد CBE (born October 31 1950 Baghdad, Iraq) is a notable British Iraqi deconstructivist Architect The Glasgow Museum of Transport Technology is located in the Kelvin Hall in Glasgow, Scotland. ^[49]

The 39-storey Elphinstone Place mixed-use skyscraper in Charing Cross will be the tallest building in Scotland, and was scheduled to begin construction in mid 2006. Elphinstone Place is a cancelled Skyscraper project that was scheduled to be built in Glasgow, Scotland. Charing Cross is also an area in London Charing Cross (pronounced cha-ring not chair-ing is a District in the Scottish Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[50] Much development is taking place along the banks of the Clyde. Glasgow Harbour, which neighbours Partick, is one of the largest residential developments. Glasgow Harbour is an urban regeneration scheme at Partick in the city of Glasgow, Scotland. Partick ( Partaig in Gaelic) (formerly Perdyc or Perthick) is an area of Glasgow on the north bank of the River Clyde

Districts and suburbs

Glasgow was historically based around Glasgow Cathedral, the old High Street and down to the River Clyde via Glasgow Cross. Glasgow Cathedral, also called the High Kirk of Glasgow, is today a Church of Scotland Cathedral in Glasgow. High Street in Glasgow, Scotland is the city's oldest and one of its most historically significant Streets Originally the city's Main street The River Clyde ( Gaelic: Abhainn Chluaidh, avɪɲˈxɫ̪uəj is a major River in Scotland. Glasgow Cross is a junction in Glasgow between the High Street Gallowgate London Road the Saltmarket and the Trongate (running clockwise from north

City centre

The city centre is bounded by the High Street to the east, the River Clyde to the south and the M8 motorway to the west and north which was built through the Townhead, Charing Cross and Anderston areas in the 1960s. A central business district ( CBD) is the commercial and often geographic heart of a city The River Clyde ( Gaelic: Abhainn Chluaidh, avɪɲˈxɫ̪uəj is a major River in Scotland. Townhead is an area of the city of Glasgow, Scotland. History The original and oldest part of Glasgow Townhead is where St Charing Cross is also an area in London Charing Cross (pronounced cha-ring not chair-ing is a District in the Scottish Anderston is a well-known district in the Scottish city of Glasgow.

Retail and theatre district

The city centre is based on a grid system of streets, similar to that of Barcelona or American cities, on the north bank of the River Clyde. The grid plan or gridiron plan is a type of City plan in which Streets run at right angles to each other forming a grid. Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia The heart of the city is George Square, site of many of Glasgow's public statues and the elaborate Victorian Glasgow City Chambers, headquarters of Glasgow City Council. George Square is the central square in the Scottish city of Glasgow. Glasgow's public statues display the wealth and history of the city of Glasgow, Scotland. The City Chambers (built 1882-90 architect William Young) of Glasgow, Scotland, are the headquarters of Glasgow City Council, the largest Politics in Glasgow, Scotland, are evident in the deliberations and decisions of the city council of Glasgow ( Glaschu in Gaelic) To the south and west are the shopping precincts of Argyle, Sauchiehall and Buchanan Streets, the latter featuring more upmarket retailers and winner of the Academy of Urbanism 'Great Street Award' 2008. Buchanan Street is one of the main shopping thoroughfares in Glasgow, the largest City in Scotland. ^[51]

The main shopping centres are Buchanan Galleries and the St. Enoch Centre, with the up-market Princes Square and the Italian Centre specialising in designer labels. The Buchanan Galleries is a Shopping mall located in the central area of Glasgow, the largest city in Scotland. Background The St Enoch Centre is a Shopping mall located in the central area of Glasgow, the largest city in Scotland. The London-based department store Selfridges has purchased a potential development site in the city and another upmarket retail chain Harvey Nichols is also thought to be planning a store in the city, further strengthening Glasgow's retail portfolio, which forms the UK's second largest and most economically important retail sector after Central London. Selfridges is a chain of Department stores in the United Kingdom. Harvey Nichols ("Harvey Nicks" founded in 1813 is an Upmarket Department store chain London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. ^[52][53] The layout of the approximately two and a half mile long retail district of Buchanan Street, Sauchiehall Street and Argyle Street has been termed the "Golden Z". Sauchiehall Street is one of the main shopping/business streets in the city centre of Glasgow, Scotland.

The city centre is home to most of Glasgow's main cultural venues: The Theatre Royal (home of Scottish Opera and Scottish Ballet), The Pavilion, The King's Theatre, Glasgow Royal Concert Hall, Glasgow Film Theatre, RSAMD, Gallery of Modern Art (GoMA), Mitchell Library, the Centre for Contemporary Arts, McLellan Galleries and The Lighthouse Museum of Architecture, Design and the City. The Theatre Royal is located in Glasgow, Scotland. There have been three Theatres on the present site although the external walls of the current theatre Scottish Opera is a Scottish opera company Founded in 1962 and based in Glasgow, it is Scotland ’s national Opera company and the Scottish Ballet is Scotland 's national Ballet company based in Glasgow. The Pavilion Theatre is a Theatre in Glasgow, located on Renfield Street The King's Theatre is located in Glasgow, Scotland. It was designed by English theatre architect Frank Matcham and opened in 1904 The Glasgow Royal Concert Hall is an arts venue in the city of Glasgow, Scotland. The Glasgow Film Theatre or GFT is an independent cinema in Rose Street (by Sauchiehall Street) Glasgow. The Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama ( RSAMD) is a Conservatoire of Music, Drama and Dance in the centre of Glasgow The Gallery of Modern Art (GoMA is the main gallery of Contemporary art in Glasgow, Scotland. See Mitchell Library (Australia for that section of the State Library of New South Wales The McLellan Galleries are an exhibition space in the city of Glasgow, Scotland. The Lighthouse in Glasgow, is Scotland 's Centre for Architecture Design and the City The world's tallest cinema, the eighteen-screen Cineworld is sited on Renfrew Street. Cineworld Cinemas is a multiplex cinema chain in the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland and Jersey. The city centre is also home to four of Glasgow's higher education institutions: The University of Strathclyde, The Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama, Glasgow School of Art and Glasgow Caledonian University. The University of Strathclyde (Oilthigh Srath Chluaidh is a university in Glasgow, Scotland. The Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama ( RSAMD) is a Conservatoire of Music, Drama and Dance in the centre of Glasgow Glasgow School of Art is one of four independent art schools in Scotland, situated in the Garnethill area of Glasgow. Glasgow Caledonian University, ( Gaelic: Oilthigh Ghlaschu Caledonach) ( Scots: Glesga Caledonian Varsitie) is a University in

Merchant City

To the east is the commercial and residential district of Merchant City, which was formerly the residential district of the wealthy city merchants in the 18th and early 19th centuries. The Merchant City is a district in the City centre of Glasgow, Scotland. As the Industrial Revolution and the wealth it brought to the city resulted in the expansion of Glasgow's central area westward, the original medieval centre was left behind. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the Glasgow Cross, situated at the junction of High Street, Gallowgate, Trongate and Saltmarket was the original centre of the city, symbolised by its Mercat cross. High Street in Glasgow, Scotland is the city's oldest and one of its most historically significant Streets Originally the city's Main street Trongate is one of the oldest Streets in the City of Glasgow, Scotland. A mercat cross is a Market cross found in Scottish cities and towns where trade and commerce was a part of economic life Glasgow Cross encompasses the Tolbooth Clock Tower; all that remains of the original City Chambers, which was destroyed by fire in 1926. Moving northward up High Street towards Rottenrow and Townhead lies the 15th century Glasgow Cathedral and the Provand's Lordship. Rottenrow is a famous Street in the city of Glasgow in Scotland. Townhead is an area of the city of Glasgow, Scotland. History The original and oldest part of Glasgow Townhead is where St Glasgow Cathedral, also called the High Kirk of Glasgow, is today a Church of Scotland Cathedral in Glasgow. The Provand's Lordship located in Glasgow, Scotland, today stands as a museum located at the top of Castle Street in the shadow of the Glasgow Cathedral Due to growing industrial pollution levels in the mid to late 19th century, the area fell out of favour with residents.

From the late 1980s onwards, the area has been rejuvenated with luxury city centre apartments and warehouse conversions. Royal Exchange Square is a public square in the City of Glasgow in Scotland. The Merchant City is a district in the City centre of Glasgow, Scotland. Loft mainly refers to two different types of rooms It typically refers to an upper story or Attic in a Building, directly under the Roof Many new cafés and restaurants have opened. The area also contains the Tron Theatre, the Old Fruitmarket, the Trades Hall, and the City Halls. The Tron Theatre is located in Glasgow, Scotland. About The Tron Theatre is situated in the heart of Glasgow's Merchant City Glasgow's City Halls and Old Fruitmarket is a concert hall and old fruitmarket in the Merchant City, Glasgow, Scotland.

The area is also home to Glasgow's growing 'Arts Quarter', based around King Street, the Saltmarket and Trongate, and at the heart of the annual Merchant City Festival. Trongate is one of the oldest Streets in the City of Glasgow, Scotland. The Merchant City Festival is a major cultural festival taking place in Glasgow 's Merchant City area There are many art galleries here.

A large part of Glasgow's LGBT scene is located within the Merchant City. LGBT (also GLBT) is an initialism referring collectively to Lesbian, Gay, bisexual, and Transgender / transsexual This includes many clubs, and the UK gay chain store Clone Zone, along with a couple of saunas. Recently the city council defined (and perhaps expanded) the area known as Merchant City as far west as Buchanan Street, marking these boundaries with new, highly stylised metal signage. Buchanan Street is one of the main shopping thoroughfares in Glasgow, the largest City in Scotland.

Financial district

To the western edge of the city centre, occupying the areas of Blythswood Hill and Anderston, lies Glasgow's financial district, known officially as the International Financial Services District (IFSD), although often irreverently nicknamed by the contemporary press as the "square kilometre" or "Wall Street on Clyde". Blythswood Hill is an area of Glasgow, Scotland. It lies to the immediate west of the city centre and as the name suggests rises to a plateau before dipping again Anderston is a well-known district in the Scottish city of Glasgow. The International Financial Services District (IFSD is a ten year project within the City of Glasgow in Scotland to create a highly attractive inward Since the late 1980s the construction of many modern office blocks, a trend which continues into the 21st century with a new wave of high rise developments currently on the drawing board, has enabled the IFSD to become the third largest financial quarter in the UK after the City of London and Edinburgh. For London as a whole see the main article London. The City of London is a geographically Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. With a reputation as an established financial services centre, coupled with comprehensive support services, Glasgow continues to attract and grow new business. Of the 10 largest general insurance companies in the UK, 8 have a base or head office in Glasgow - including Direct Line, AXA and Norwich Union. Direct Line is a division of the Royal Bank of Scotland Group that specialises in selling Insurance and other financial services over the phone and internet AXA () is a French global insurance companies group headquartered in Paris and founded in 1985 by Claude Bébéar. Norwich Union is an Insurance company in the UK. It is the biggest life-insurer in the UK and has a strong position in motor insurance Key banking sector companies have also relocated some of their services to commercial property in Glasgow - Resolution, JPMorgan, Abbey, HBOS, Barclays Wealth, Morgan Stanley, Lloyds TSB, Clydesdale Bank, BNP Paribas and the Royal Bank of Scotland. Resolution plc ( is a UK insurance company headquartered in the City of London. JPMorgan Chase & Co ( is the largest Banking institution in the United States by deposits and market capitalization and is one of the oldest operating Abbey, formerly Abbey National, is one of the largest banks in the United Kingdom HBOS plc ( is a Banking and Insurance group in the United Kingdom, the Holding company for Bank of Scotland plc, which Barclays PLC is a major global financial services provider operating in Europe, North America, the Middle East, Latin America, Australia Morgan Stanley ( is a global Financial services provider headquartered in New York City New York United States Lloyds TSB Group plc () is a leading British Financial institution with its Group Head office in London and its registered office The Clydesdale Bank PLC is a Commercial bank in Scotland, a subsidiary of the National Australia Bank (NAB Group. BNP Paribas () is one of the main Banks in Europe. It was created on 23 May 2000 through the merger of Banque Nationale de Paris (BNP and Paribas The Royal Bank of Scotland plc ( Scottish Gaelic: Banca Rìoghail na h-Alba) is one of the retail banking subsidiaries of the Royal Bank of Scotland Group The Ministry of Defence have several departments and Clydeport, the Glasgow Stock Exchange, Student Loans Company, Scottish Executive Enterprise, Transport and Lifelong Learning Department, Scottish Qualifications Authority and Scottish Enterprise also have their headquarters based in the district. The Ministry of Defence ( MoD) is the United Kingdom government department responsible for implementation of government defence policy and is the headquarters The Peel Group is a collection of property and transport companies based in Manchester, England. The Glasgow Stock Exchange is a prominent building and financial institution in the centre of the city of Glasgow, Scotland. The Student Loans Company Limited is a Non-departmental public body of the United Kingdom government, responsible for the provision of financial support to students The Enterprise Transport and Lifelong Learning Department (ETLLD is the Scottish Government department responsible for economic and industrial development Scottish Enterprise, is Scotland 's main economic enterprise innovation and investment agency

West End

Glasgow's West End refers to the bohemian district of cafés, tea rooms, bars, boutiques, upmarket hotels, clubs and restaurants in the hinterland of Kelvingrove Park, the University of Glasgow, Glasgow Botanic Gardens and the Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre. The term bohemian, of French origin was first used in the English language in the nineteenth century to describe the untraditional lifestyles of marginalized and impoverished Artists Kelvingrove Park, overlooked by the University of Glasgow on one side and the Park District on the other is one of the finest parks in the city of Glasgow The University of Glasgow (Oilthigh Ghlaschu was founded in 1451 in Glasgow, Scotland and along with its contemporary institutions the University of St Andrews Set in the West End of Glasgow, Scotland, the Glasgow Botanic Gardens is a large public park with several Glasshouses the most notable of which is the Kibble Palace The Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre ( SECC) located on the north bank of the River Clyde in Glasgow, is Scotland's national venue The area's main thoroughfare is Byres Road and one of its most popular destinations is Ashton Lane. Byres Road is a Street located in Glasgow, Scotland and is the central artery of the city's West End. Ashton Lane is a cobbled backstreet in the fashionable West End of Glasgow.

The West End is home to some of the wealthiest addresses in Scotland, and includes the upmarket residential areas of Hillhead, Dowanhill, Kelvingrove, Kelvinside, Hyndland, and, to an increasing extent, Partick. Hillhead is a residential and commercial area of Glasgow, Scotland. Dowanhill is a district of Glasgow, Scotland, occupying the area west from Byres Road to Hyndland Road and south from Great Western Road to Highburgh Road Kelvinside is a District in the Scottish city of Glasgow. It is situated north of the River Clyde and is bounded by Great Western Road to the Hyndland is a prime residential area in the fashionable West End of the city of Glasgow, Scotland. Partick ( Partaig in Gaelic) (formerly Perdyc or Perthick) is an area of Glasgow on the north bank of the River Clyde However, the name is increasingly being used to refer to any area to the west of Charing Cross. Charing Cross is also an area in London Charing Cross (pronounced cha-ring not chair-ing is a District in the Scottish This includes areas such as Scotstoun, Jordanhill, Kelvindale and Anniesland. Scotstoun is a historic district of Glasgow, Scotland, west of Glasgow City Centre Jordanhill is a mostly Middle-class area of the West End of the city of Glasgow, Scotland. Kelvindale ( Dail Chealbhainn in Gaelic is a district in the west of the city of Glasgow in Scotland. Anniesland is a District in the Scottish city of Glasgow. It is situated north of the River Clyde, and centres around the junction of the Great

The spire of Sir George Gilbert Scott's Glasgow University main building (the second largest Gothic Revival building in Britain) is a major local landmark, and can be seen from miles around, sitting atop Gilmorehill. Sir George Gilbert Scott ( 13 July 1811 &ndash 27 March, 1878) was an English Architect of the Victorian Age The University of Glasgow (Oilthigh Ghlaschu was founded in 1451 in Glasgow, Scotland and along with its contemporary institutions the University of St Andrews The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement which began The university itself is the fourth oldest in the English-speaking world. Much of the city's student population is based in the West End, adding to its cultural vibrancy.

The area is also home to the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum, Hunterian Museum, Kelvin Hall International Sports Arena, Henry Wood Hall (home of the Royal Scottish National Orchestra) and the Museum of Transport, which is to be rebuilt on a former dockland site at Glasgow Harbour to a design by Zaha Hadid. The University of Glasgow 's Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery is the oldest public museum in Scotland. The Kelvin Hall International Sports Arena is located within the Kelvin Hall in Glasgow, Scotland. The Royal Scottish National Orchestra is Scotland 's national Symphony orchestra. The Glasgow Museum of Transport Technology is located in the Kelvin Hall in Glasgow, Scotland. Glasgow Harbour is an urban regeneration scheme at Partick in the city of Glasgow, Scotland. Zaha Hadid (زها حديد CBE (born October 31 1950 Baghdad, Iraq) is a notable British Iraqi deconstructivist Architect The West End Festival, one of Glasgow's largest festivals, is held annually in June. The West End Festival is an annual festival in the West End of Glasgow, Scotland.

Glasgow is the home of the SECC, the United Kingdom's largest exhibition and conference centre. The Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre ( SECC) located on the north bank of the River Clyde in Glasgow, is Scotland's national venue The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located ^[54][55] A major expansion of the SECC facilities at the former Queen's Dock by Foster and Partners is currently planned, including a 12,000 seat arena, and a 5 star hotel and entertainments complex. Foster + Partners is a leading Architectural firm in the United Kingdom.

East End

The East End extends from Glasgow Cross in the City Centre to the boundary with North and South Lanarkshire. North Lanarkshire ( Siorrachd Lannraig a Tuath in Gaelic) is one of 32 Council areas in Scotland. South Lanarkshire ( Siorrachd Lannraig a Deas in Gaelic) is one of 32 unitary council areas of Scotland, covering the southern part of the It is home to the famous Glasgow Barrowland Market, popularly known as 'The Barras', Barrowland Ballroom, Glasgow Green, and Celtic Park, home of Celtic F.C.. The Barras (more properly The Barrowland market) is a major street and indoor weekend market in the East End of Glasgow, Scotland. The Barrowlands (more properly The Barrowland Ballroom) is a major Dance hall and Concert venue in Glasgow, Scotland. Glasgow Green is a Park situated in the east end of Glasgow on the north bank of the River Clyde. Celtic Park is a football Stadium in the Parkhead area of Glasgow in Scotland. The Celtic Football Club is a Scottish football club based in the east end of Glasgow, which currently plays in the Scottish Premier League. Many of the original sandstone tenements remain in this district. The East End in contrast to the West End, includes some of the most deprived areas in the UK. However, many areas of the district are not deprived in any way. In particular, parts of the Dennistoun area have become increasingly fashionable and expensive. Dennistoun is a district of the city of Glasgow, Scotland. It is situated north of the River Clyde in the east end of the city

The Glasgow Necropolis Cemetery was created on a hill above the Cathedral of Saint Mungo in 1831. The Glasgow Necropolis is a Victorian Cemetery in Glasgow, Scotland. Glasgow Cathedral, also called the High Kirk of Glasgow, is today a Church of Scotland Cathedral in Glasgow. Saint Mungo is the commonly used name for Saint Kentigern (also known as Cantigernus ( Latin) or Cyndeyrn Garthwys ( Welsh) Routes curve through the landscape uphill to the 62-metre (203 ft) high statue of John Knox at the summit. John Knox (c 1510 – 24 November 1572 was a Scottish clergyman and leader of the Protestant Reformation who is considered the founder of the Presbyterian

There are two late 18th century tenements in Gallowgate. Dating from 1771 and 1780, both have been well restored. The construction of Charlotte Street was financed by David Dale, whose former pretensions can be gauged by the one remaining house, now run by the National Trust for Scotland. David Dale (1739 &ndash 1806 was a Scottish Merchant and Businessman, famous for establishing the influential Weaving community of New The National Trust for Scotland (NTS ( Scottish Gaelic: Urras Nàiseanta na h-Alba) describes itself as the conservation charity that protects and promotes Further along Charlotte Street there stands a modern Gillespie, Kidd & Coia building of some note. Gillespie Kidd & Coia were a Scottish architectural firm famous for their application of Modernism in churches and universities as well as at Once a school, it has been converted into offices. Surrounding these buildings are a series of innovative housing developments conceived as 'Homes for the Future', part of a project during the city's year as UK City of Architecture and Design in 1999. ^[56]

East of Glasgow Cross is the Saint Andrew's Church, built in 1746 and displaying a Presbyterian grandeur befitting the church of the city's wealthy tobacco merchants. Also close by is the more modest Episcopalian Saint Andrew's-by-the-Green, the oldest post-Reformation church in Scotland. The Scottish Episcopal Church (Eaglais Easbaigeach na h-Alba is a Christian denomination in Scotland and a member of the Anglican Communion, although it

Overlooking Glasgow Green is the façade of Templeton's carpet factory, featuring vibrant polychromatic brickwork intended to evoke the Doge's Palace in Venice. Glasgow Green is a Park situated in the east end of Glasgow on the north bank of the River Clyde. For the character from the Oz series see Polychrome (fictional character. The Doge's Palace is a gothic Palace in Venice. In Italian it is called the Palazzo Ducale di Venezia. Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the

The extensive Tollcross Park was originally developed from the estate of James Dunlop, the owner of a local steelworks. Tollcross is an area north of the River Clyde in Glasgow and has a popular park which is famed for its international rose trials His large baronial mansion was built in 1848 by David Bryce, which later housed the city's Children's Museum until the 1980s. The Scottish Baronial style is part of the Gothic revival in architectural styles drawing on stylistic elements and forms from Castles Tower houses David Bryce (1803-1876 was a Scottish architect Born in Edinburgh, he was educated at the Royal High School and joined the office of architect William Today, the mansion is a sheltered housing complex.

The new Scottish National Indoor Sports Arena, a modern replacement for the Kelvin Hall, is planned for Dalmarnock. The Kelvin Hall in Glasgow, Scotland, is a mixed-use arts and sports venue that opened as an exhibition centre in 1927 Dalmarnock (Dail Mheàrnaig is a District in the Scottish city of Glasgow. The area will also be the site of the Athletes' Village for the 2014 Commonwealth Games, located adjacent to the new indoor sports arena. The 20th Commonwealth Games in 2014 will be held in Glasgow, the largest city in Scotland.

To the north of the East End lie the two massive gasometers of Provan Gas Works, which stand overlooking Alexandra Park and a major interchange between the M8 and M80 motorways. Provan Gas Works is an industrial gas holding plant in the city of Glasgow, Scotland. Alexandra Park is a public park in Glasgow, Scotland. It is located in Dennistoun, three miles east of the city centre The M80 is a Motorway in central Scotland, running through Glasgow, North Lanarkshire, Falkirk and Stirling and links Often used for displaying large city advertising slogans, the towers have become an unofficial portal into the city for road users arriving from the north and east.

South Side

Glasgow's South Side sprawls out south of the Clyde, covering areas including the Gorbals, Shawlands, Simshill, Strathbungo, Cardonald, Mount Florida, Pollokshaws, Nitshill, Pollokshields, Govanhill, Crosshill, Ibrox, Cessnock, Mosspark, Kinning Park, Govan, Mansewood, Arden, Darnley, Newlands, Deaconsbank, Pollok, Croftfoot, King's Park, Cathcart, Muirend and Barrhead, Busby, Clarkston, Giffnock, Thornliebank, Netherlee, and Newton Mearns in the East Renfrewshire council area, as well as Cambuslang, East Kilbride, and Rutherglen in the South Lanarkshire council area. The Gorbals ( Gort a' Bhaile in Gaelic) is a area on the south bank of the River Clyde in the city of Glasgow Shawlands is an inner suburb of Glasgow in Scotland Like many similar areas in the city it grew up as a direct response to improved tram links to the city centre and the need for working/middle Simshill is a District in the Scottish city of Glasgow. It is situated south of the River Clyde. Strathbungo grew up as a small village built along the Pollokshaws Road one of the main arteries leading southwards from the centre of Glasgow, adjoined by the Camphill Cardonald ( Scottish Gaelic: Cathair Dhòmhnaill) is an outlying suburb of the Scottish city of Glasgow. Originally named Mount Floridon Mount Florida is an area in the southeastern corner of the Scottish city of Glasgow. Pollokshaws is a Suburb on the southside of the city of Glasgow, Scotland. Nitshill is a suburb on the south side of Glasgow. It was originally a Coal mining village the Nitshill Colliery was the scene of one of Scotland's worst mining disasters—on Pollokshields is an area of the Southside of Glasgow, Scotland. Govanhill ( Bhrae na Ghobhain in Gaelic) is a District in the Scottish city of Glasgow. Crosshill is a District in the Scottish city of Glasgow. It is situated south of the River Clyde. Mosspark is a District in the Scottish city of Glasgow. It is situated south of the River Clyde, in the south-west of the city Kinning Park is a southern suburb of Glasgow, Scotland. In 1897 it had a population of 14326 Govan ( Scottish Gaelic: Baile a' Ghobhainn) is a district and former Burgh in the southwestern part of the City of Glasgow, Mansewood is a District in the Scottish city of Glasgow. It is situated south of the River Clyde and is surrounded by the districts of Hillpark Arden is the location of a medium sized housing estate south west of Glasgow city centre and on the very edge of the city Darnley is an area in south-west Glasgow, Scotland located on the A727 just west of Arden. Deaconsbank is an estate of around 639 Private houses on the Southside of Glasgow, Scotland. Pollok is a large district on the south-western side of the city of Glasgow, Scotland. Croftfoot is a residential district on the southeastern side of the Scottish city of Glasgow. King's Park ( Pairc na Rí in Gaelic) is a District in the Scottish city of Glasgow. Cathcart ( Coille Chart in Gaelic is an area of Glasgow between Mount Florida, King's Park, Muirend and Newlands. Muirend is an area on the Southside of the city of Glasgow, Scotland. Barrhead ( Scottish Gaelic: Ceann a' Bhàirr) is a town in East Renfrewshire, Scotland. Busby is a settlement within East Renfrewshire, Scotland. A former village Busby's close proximity to Glasgow effectively makes it a suburb of the Clarkston is the name of a mainly residential area in East Renfrewshire, Scotland. Giffnock is an area within East Renfrewshire, Scotland. Giffnock's location within Greater Glasgow effectively makes it a suburb of the city though it Thornliebank is a small suburb in East Renfrewshire, Scotland, south of Glasgow. Netherlee is a small affluent residential area (population 4741 within East Renfrewshire, Scotland. Newton Mearns is a small suburban town within East Renfrewshire, Scotland. Cambuslang ( Scottish Gaelic: Camas Long from camas - river bend long - ship is a suburban town on the south-eastern outskirts East Kilbride is a large suburban town in the South Lanarkshire council area of Scotland. Rutherglen (pronounced ruh-ther-glen is a town in South Lanarkshire, Scotland.

Although predominantly residential, the area does have several notable public buildings. Charles Rennie Mackintosh's Scotland Street School Museum and House for an Art Lover; the world famous Burrell Collection in Pollok Country Park; the National Football Stadium Hampden Park in Mount Florida, (home of Queens Park F.C.) and Ibrox Stadium, (home of Rangers F.C.). Scotland Street School Museum is a museum of school education in Glasgow, Scotland, in the district of Kingston The House for an Art Lover is based on a concept design produced in 1901 by Charles Rennie Mackintosh with his wife Margaret MacDonald. The Burrell Collection is an art collection in the city of Glasgow, in Scotland. Pollok Country Park is a large country Park located in Pollok, south Glasgow. Hampden Park in Glasgow is Scotland 's National stadium. Its primary use is as the home to Queen's Park F Originally named Mount Floridon Mount Florida is an area in the southeastern corner of the Scottish city of Glasgow. Not to be confused with English football club Queens Park Rangers F Ibrox Stadium, originally Ibrox Park, is the Stadium of Rangers F Rangers Football Club are an Association football team based in Glasgow Scotland, who currently play in the Scottish Premier League.

The former docklands site at Pacific Quay on the south bank of the River Clyde, opposite the SECC, is the site of the Glasgow Science Centre and the new headquarters for BBC Scotland and SMG plc (owner of STV) which have relocated there to a new purpose built digital media campus. Pacific Quay is a development in Glasgow, Scotland situated next to the River Clyde at the former Princes' Dock Basin Glasgow Science Centre is a visitor attraction located on the south bank of the River Clyde in Glasgow, Scotland. STV is the brand used by both ITV licensees in Northern and Central Scotland formerly known as Grampian TV (now legally STV North Ltd

In addition, several new bridges spanning the River Clyde have been built or are currently planned, including the Clyde Arc at Pacific Quay and others at Tradeston and Springfield Quay. The Clyde Arc is a road bridge spanning the River Clyde in Glasgow, in west central Scotland, connecting Finnieston, near the Clyde Auditorium Tradeston is a District in the Scottish city of Glasgow. It is situated on the south bank of the River Clyde, approximately bounded by the

The South Side also includes many great parks, including Linn Park, Queen's Park, Bellahouston Park and Rouken Glen Park, and several golf clubs, including the championship course at Haggs Castle. Situated on the south side of the city of Glasgow, in Scotland, Queen's Park ( Pairc na Banrighin in Gaelic) lies approximately two miles from Bellahouston Park is a park in south west Glasgow, Scotland ( between the areas of Mosspark, Craigton, Ibrox, and Dumbreck Rouken Glen is a park in East Renfrewshire to the south-west of Glasgow, Scotland. Haggs Castle is a fine example of a large 16th century Tower house, located in the neighbourhood of Pollokshields, in Glasgow, Scotland. The South Side is also home to Pollok Country Park, which is Glasgow’s largest park and the only country park within the city boundaries. Pollok Country Park is a large country Park located in Pollok, south Glasgow.

Govan is a district and former burgh in the south-western part of the city. Govan ( Scottish Gaelic: Baile a' Ghobhainn) is a district and former Burgh in the southwestern part of the City of Glasgow, It is situated on the south bank of the River Clyde, opposite Partick. Partick ( Partaig in Gaelic) (formerly Perdyc or Perthick) is an area of Glasgow on the north bank of the River Clyde It was an administratively independent Police Burgh from 1864 until it was incorporated into the expanding city of Glasgow in 1912. Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Govan has a legacy as an engineering and shipbuilding centre of international repute and is home to one of two BAE Systems shipyards on the River Clyde and the precision engineering firm, Thales Optronics. Engineering is the Discipline and Profession of applying technical and scientific Knowledge and See also Shipbuilding (song. Shipbuilding is the construction of Ships It normally takes place in a specialized facility known as a BAE Systems Surface Fleet Solutions was a wholly owned subsidiary of BAE Systems, based in Glasgow responsible for the company's surface shipbuilding operations The River Clyde ( Gaelic: Abhainn Chluaidh, avɪɲˈxɫ̪uəj is a major River in Scotland. Thales Optronics is a major unit of Thales Group and has three main subsidiaries Thales Optronics Ltd It is also home to the Southern General Hospital, one of the largest teaching hospitals in the country, and the maintenance depot for the Glasgow Subway system. A teaching hospital is a Hospital that in addition to delivering medical care to patients also provides Clinical education and training to future and current doctors The Glasgow Subway is an underground metro line in Glasgow, Scotland.

North Glasgow

North Glasgow extends out from the north of the city centre towards the affluent suburbs of Bearsden, Milngavie and Bishopbriggs in East Dunbartonshire and Clydebank in West Dunbartonshire. Bearsden is a town in East Dunbartonshire, Scotland. It lies on the northwestern fringe of Greater Glasgow, and is effectively a Suburb of Milngavie, (pronounced /məlɡaɪ/ "Mull-guy" or "Mill-guy", Scottish Gaelic: Muileann Dhaibhidh) is a town in East Bishopbriggs is a commuter suburb in East Dunbartonshire, Scotland. East Dunbartonshire ( Gaelic: Siorrachd Dhùn Breatainn an Ear, ʃir̴əxg̊ ɣunˈb̊ɾʲɛhd̪̊ɪɲ ə ɲɛɾ is one of the 32 Council areas Clydebank is a town in West Dunbartonshire, in the Central Lowlands of Scotland West Dunbartonshire ( Gaelic: Siorrachd Dhùn Breatainn an Iar, ʃir̴əxg̊ ɣunˈb̊ɾʲɛhd̪̊ɪɲ ə ɲiəɾ is one of the 32 local government However, the area also contains some of the city's poorest residential areas. Possilpark is one such area, where levels of unemployment and drug abuse continue to be above the national average. Possilpark is a District in Possil in the Scottish city of Glasgow, situated north of the River Clyde. Much of the housing in areas such as Possilpark and Hamiltonhill had fallen into a state of disrepair in recent years. Possilpark is a District in Possil in the Scottish city of Glasgow, situated north of the River Clyde. Hamiltonhill is a non wealthy District in Possil in the Scottish city of Glasgow. This has led to large scale redevelopment of much of the poorer housing stock in north Glasgow, and the wider regeneration of many areas, such as Ruchill, which have been transformed; many run-down tenements have now been refurbished or replaced by modern housing estates. Ruchill (pronounced "ruch hill" is a District in the city of Glasgow. A housing estate is a group of buildings built together as a single development Much of the housing stock in north Glasgow is rented social housing, with a high proportion of high-rise tower blocks, managed by the Glasgow Housing Association. The council house is a form of public or social housing in the United Kingdom. Glasgow Housing Association (GHA is a private not-for-profit company created by the Scottish Executive for the purpose of owning and managing Glasgow's

Not all areas of north Glasgow are of this nature however. Maryhill for example, consists of well maintained traditional sandstone tenements. Maryhill is an area of the City of Glasgow, in Scotland. Maryhill is a former Burgh. Although historically a working class area, its borders with the upmarket West End of the city mean that it is relatively wealthy compared to the rest of the north of the city, containing affluent areas such as Maryhill Park and North Kelvinside. Working class is a term used in academic Sociology and in ordinary conversation to describe depending on context and speaker those employed in specific fields or types Maryhill Park is an area of the city of Glasgow, Scotland. It is within the Maryhill district within the North West of the city North Kelvinside (also referred to as North Kelvin) ( Cealbhainn a Tuath in Gaelic is a middle-class residential district of the Scottish city of Glasgow Maryhill is also home to Firhill Stadium, home of Partick Thistle FC since 1909, and briefly the professional Rugby Union team, Glasgow Warriors. Firhill Stadium is the home ground of the Scottish Association football club Partick Thistle F Partick Thistle Football Club are a Scottish professional football club from the city of Glasgow. Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Overview See also Playing rugby union A rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes (plus stoppage time with a short The Glasgow Warriors, formerly Glasgow Rugby, is one of two professional Rugby union teams in Scotland, Edinburgh being the other The junior team, Maryhill F.C. are also located in this part of north Glasgow. History Junior football as distinguished from senior football has existed since the early 1880s Maryhill Football Club is a Football (soccer team based in the Maryhill area of Glasgow, Scotland.

The Forth and Clyde Canal passes through this part of the city, and at one stage formed a vital part of the local economy. The Forth and Clyde Canal crosses Scotland, providing a route for sea-going vessels between the Firth of Forth and the Firth of Clyde at the narrowest part It was for many years polluted and largely unused after the decline of heavy industry, but recent efforts to regenerate and re-open the canal to navigation have seen it rejuvenated.

Sighthill is home to Scotland’s largest asylum seeker community, many of whom live in extreme poverty. Sighthill is a District in the Scottish city of Glasgow. It is situated north of the River Clyde. According to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, a refugee is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race Poverty (also called penury) is deprivation of common necessities that determine the quality of life including food clothing shelter and safe Drinking water, and

A huge part of the economic life of Glasgow was once located in Springburn, where the engineering works of firms like Charles Tennant and locomotive workshops employed many Glaswegians. Charles Tennant ( 3 May 1768 - 1 October 1838) Scottish Chemist and Industrialist. Indeed, Glasgow dominated this type of manufacturing, with 25% of all the world’s locomotives being built in the area at one stage. It was home to the headquarters of the North British Locomotive Company. The North British Locomotive Company of Scotland (NBL or North British was created in 1903 through the merger of three Glasgow companies Sharp Stewart Today the French engineering group Alstom's railway maintenance facility in the area is all that is left of the industry in Springburn. Alstom ( is a large French multinational conglomerate which holds interests in the power generation and Transport markets

Culture

See also: Culture in Glasgow

The city has many amenities for a wide range of cultural activities, from curling to opera, ballet and from football to art appreciation; it also has a large selection of museums that include those devoted to transport, religion, and modern art. Curling is a team Sport with similarities to Bowls and Shuffle board, played by two teams of four players each on a rectangular sheet of carefully prepared Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto Ballet is a formalized form of Dance with its origins in the French court further developed in France and Russia as a Concert dance Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Art refers to a diverse range of Human activities creations and expressions that are appealing to the Senses or Emotions of a human individual Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place to another A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos History of Modern art Roots in the 19th century Although modern Sculpture and Architecture are reckoned to have emerged at the end of the nineteenth Many of the city's cultural sites were celebrated in 1990 when Glasgow was designated European City of Culture. The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union for a period of one Calendar year during which it is given a chance to showcase its ^[57]

The city's principal library, the Mitchell Library, has grown into one of Europe's largest public reference libraries in Europe, currently housing some 1. See Mitchell Library (Australia for that section of the State Library of New South Wales A library is a collection of information sources resources and services and the structure in which it is housed it is organized for use and maintained by a public body an institution 3 million books, a extensive collection of newspapers and thousands of photographs and maps. A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. A photograph (often shortened to photo) is an Image created by Light falling on a light-sensitive surface usually Photographic film or an electronic A map is a visual representation of an area—a symbolic depiction highlighting relationships between elements of that space such as objects, Regions, and Themes ^[58]

Most of Scotland's national arts organisations are based in Glasgow, including Scottish Opera, Scottish Ballet, The National Theatre of Scotland, Royal Scottish National Orchestra, BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra and Scottish Youth Theatre. Scottish Opera is a Scottish opera company Founded in 1962 and based in Glasgow, it is Scotland ’s national Opera company and the Scottish Ballet is Scotland 's national Ballet company based in Glasgow. The National Theatre of Scotland was set up in 2004 and launched in February 2006 The Royal Scottish National Orchestra is Scotland 's national Symphony orchestra. The BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra (BBC SSO is the BBC 's classical music Radio orchestra in Scotland. Scottish Youth Theatre is Scotland 's national youth theatre company for ages 3-25

Glasgow has its own "Poet Laureate", a post created in 1999 for Edwin Morgan^[59] and as of 2007 occupied by Liz Lochhead. A Poet Laureate is a Poet officially appointed by a government and is often expected to compose poems for State occasions and other government events Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Edwin George Morgan OBE (born April 27, 1920) is a Scottish poet and translator who is associated with the Scottish Renaissance Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Liz Lochhead (born December 26, 1947) is a Scottish poet and dramatist originally from Newarthill in North Lanarkshire.

Recreation

See also: Glasgow Festivals

Glasgow is home to a variety of theatres including The King's Theatre, Theatre Royal and the Citizens' Theatre and is home to many municipal museums and art galleries, the most famous being the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum, the Gallery of Modern Art (GoMA) and the Burrell Collection. Glasgow Festivals include festivals for Art, Film, Comedy, Folk music and Jazz. The King's Theatre is located in Glasgow, Scotland. It was designed by English theatre architect Frank Matcham and opened in 1904 The Theatre Royal is located in Glasgow, Scotland. There have been three Theatres on the present site although the external walls of the current theatre The Citizens' Theatre is based in Glasgow, Scotland and is the major producing theatre for the west of Scotland The Gallery of Modern Art (GoMA is the main gallery of Contemporary art in Glasgow, Scotland. The Burrell Collection is an art collection in the city of Glasgow, in Scotland. Most of the museums in Glasgow are publicly owned and free to enter.

The city has hosted many exhibitions over the years, including being the UK City of Architecture 1999, European Capital of Culture 1990, National City of Sport 1995–1999 and European Capital of Sport 2003. The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union for a period of one Calendar year during which it is given a chance to showcase its

In addition, unlike the older and larger Edinburgh Festival (where all Edinburgh's main festivals occur in the last three weeks of August), Glasgow's festivals fill the calendar. Edinburgh Festival is a collective term for several simultaneous arts and cultural Festivals which take place during August each year in Edinburgh, Festivals include the Glasgow Comedy Festival, Glasgow Jazz Festival, Celtic Connections, Glasgow Film Festival, West End Festival, Merchant City Festival, Glasgay, and the World Pipe Band Championships. Glasgow International Comedy Festival is a comedy festival in Glasgow, Scotland. Glasgow International Jazz Festival is a jazz festival in Glasgow, Scotland. The Celtic Connections festival started in 1994 in Glasgow, Scotland, and has since been held every January Glasgow Film Festival is a film festival in Glasgow, Scotland. The West End Festival is an annual festival in the West End of Glasgow, Scotland. The Merchant City Festival is a major cultural festival taking place in Glasgow 's Merchant City area Glasgay! Festival is a Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Arts festival in Glasgow, Scotland. The World Pipe Band Championships is a Pipe band competition currently held in Glasgow, Scotland every August

Music scene

Main article: List of bands from Glasgow

Glasgow has many live music pubs, clubs and venues. This list contains famous or notable musicians singers composers and bands who have either originated or are based in Glasgow, Scotland. Some of the city's main venues include the Glasgow Royal Concert Hall, the SECC and King Tut's Wah Wah Hut (where Oasis were spotted and signed by Glaswegian record mogul Alan McGee), the Queen Margaret Union and the Barrowland, a historic ballroom, converted into a live music venue. The Glasgow Royal Concert Hall is an arts venue in the city of Glasgow, Scotland. The Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre ( SECC) located on the north bank of the River Clyde in Glasgow, is Scotland's national venue King Tut's Wah Wah Hut, known to locals simply as King Tut's is a live music venue in Glasgow, Scotland. Oasis are an English rock band that formed in Manchester in 1991 Alan McGee (born 29 September 1960) is a Scottish Music industry mogul and Musician famed for founding the independent This page is about one of the students' unions at the University of Glasgow, and not the students' union for Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh The Barrowlands (more properly The Barrowland Ballroom) is a major Dance hall and Concert venue in Glasgow, Scotland. More recent mid-sized venues include ABC and the Carling Academy, which play host to a similar range of acts. The ABC is a music venue in Glasgow, Scotland. History It opened in 2005 with a concert from Jem. The Glasgow Carling Academy is a music venue on Eglinton Street in the Gorbals area of Glasgow.

Glasgow is also home to a electronic music scene, with a strong reputation for techno and house music. Venues like the Arches, the Sub Club and record labels such as Soma and Chemikal Underground have supported this strong underground movement for the past two decades in the city. The Arches is a bar arts venue Theatre, live music venue and Nightclub in Glasgow, Scotland, which first opened in 1991 Chemikal Underground is an Independent record label set up in 1994 by Glasgow, Scotland rock band The Delgados.

In recent years, the success of bands such as Franz Ferdinand, Belle and Sebastian and Mogwai has significantly boosted the profile of the Glasgow music scene, prompting Time Magazine to liken Glasgow to Detroit during its 1960s Motown heyday. Franz Ferdinand is a rock band that formed in Glasgow, Scotland in 2001 Belle and Sebastian are an Indie pop band formed in Glasgow, Scotland in January 1996 Mogwai are a Scottish rock group from Glasgow, Scotland. Formed by Stuart Braithwaite and Dominic Aitchison in 1995 Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and "Motown" redirects here For the city see Detroit Michigan. ^[60]

Media

Main article: Media in Glasgow

Glasgow is home to the Scottish national media. This article deals with the Media in Glasgow. The city of Glasgow, Scotland is home to large sections of the Scottish national media. Pacific Quay is a development in Glasgow, Scotland situated next to the River Clyde at the former Princes' Dock Basin It is home to the headquarters of BBC Scotland as well as STV (formerly Scottish Television). STV is the brand used by both ITV licensees in Northern and Central Scotland formerly known as Grampian TV (now legally STV North Ltd Scottish Television (now legally known as STV Central Ltd and referred to on-air as STV) is Scotland's largest ITV franchisee, and has held the The Scottish press publishes various newspapers in the city such as the Evening Times, The Herald, The Sunday Herald, the Sunday Mail and the Daily Record. The Evening Times is an evening tabloid newspaper published Monday to Saturday in Glasgow, Scotland. The Herald is a national Broadsheet newspaper published Monday to Saturday in Glasgow, Scotland. The Sunday Herald is an award winning Scottish Sunday Newspaper launched on 7 February 1999 The Sunday Mail is a Scottish Tabloid Newspaper published every Sunday Scottish editions of Trinity Mirror and News International titles are printed in the city. Trinity Mirror plc is a large United Kingdom Newspaper and Magazine publisher News International Ltd is a British newspaper publisher owned by Rupert Murdoch 's News Corporation. SMG plc is a Glasgow-based media conglomerate with interests in television, radio and publishing. SMG owns and operates both Scottish ITV franchises (Central Scotland and Grampian), both now branded STV, Virgin Radio and Pearl & Dean. STV is the brand used by both ITV licensees in Northern and Central Scotland formerly known as Grampian TV (now legally STV North Ltd Virgin Radio is a brand owned by the Virgin Group used by a number of different radio stations worldwide under licence from Virgin Pearl & Dean is primarily known as a British cinema Advertising company

Various radio stations are also located in Glasgow. Emap plc (formerly Scottish Radio Holdings) owns the principal commercial radio stations in Glasgow; Clyde 1 and Clyde 2, which can reach over 2. EMAP is a British media company specializing in the production of B2b magazines and the organization of business events and conferences 3 million listeners^[61]. In 2004, SMG plc sold its 27. 8% stake in Scottish Radio Holdings to the broadcasting group EMAP for £90. Scottish Radio Holdings (SRH was a Scottish media company which owned 22 Radio stations and around 30 local Newspapers in the United Kingdom EMAP is a British media company specializing in the production of B2b magazines and the organization of business events and conferences 5 m. Other stations include Smooth Radio 105.2, Real Radio and 96.3 Rock Radio, which are all owned by GMG Radio. Real Radio is a brand of Independent local radio stations in the United Kingdom owned by GMG Radio. 963 Rock Radio is a Classic rock Independent local radio station serving the Renfrewshire and Central Scotland area GMG Radio is the radio division of the Guardian Media Group. The group is based in Laser House Salford Quays in Manchester along with Century Radio There are also a number of community broadcasters in the area, such as Sunny Govan Radio.

Religion

See also: Sectarianism in Glasgow

Glasgow is a city of significant religious diversity. Sectarianism in Glasgow takes the form of religious and political sectarian rivalry between Roman Catholics and Protestants. Saint Mungo is the commonly used name for Saint Kentigern (also known as Cantigernus ( Latin) or Cyndeyrn Garthwys ( Welsh) The Church of Scotland and the Roman Catholic Church are the two largest Christian denominations in the city. The Church of Scotland (Eaglais na h-Alba known informally by its Scots language name The Kirk, is the National church of Scotland. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth There are 150 congregations in the Church of Scotland's Presbytery of Glasgow (of which 106 are within the city boundaries, the other 44 being in adjacent areas such as Giffnock). Giffnock is an area within East Renfrewshire, Scotland. Giffnock's location within Greater Glasgow effectively makes it a suburb of the city though it ^[62] The city boasts four Christian cathedrals: Glasgow Cathedral, of the Church of Scotland; St Andrew's Cathedral, of the Roman Catholic Church; St Mary's Cathedral, of the Scottish Episcopal Church, and St Luke's Cathedral, of the Greek Orthodox Church. This article is about the history and organisation of the cathedral Glasgow Cathedral, also called the High Kirk of Glasgow, is today a Church of Scotland Cathedral in Glasgow. St Andrew's Cathedral is a Roman Catholic Cathedral in the City centre of Glasgow, Scotland. The Cathedral Church of St Mary the Virgin (commonly called St Mary's Cathedral is a Cathedral of the Scottish Episcopal Church. The Scottish Episcopal Church (Eaglais Easbaigeach na h-Alba is a Christian denomination in Scotland and a member of the Anglican Communion, although it St Luke's Greek Orthodox Cathedral is a Cathedral of the Greek Orthodox Church located in the area of Dowanhill in the west end of Glasgow The Greek Orthodox Church ( Greek: Ἑλληνορθόδοξη Ἐκκλησία Hellēnorthódoxē Ekklēsía) is formed by several autocephalous churches

The presence of large Protestant and Catholic communities has at times caused the city to experience sectarian tensions. Sectarianism is Bigotry, Discrimination, Prejudice or Hatred arising from attaching importance to perceived differences between subdivisions This has tended to be most visible in the rivalry between the supporters of the city's two major professional football clubs, Celtic F.C. and Rangers F.C.. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered The Celtic Football Club is a Scottish football club based in the east end of Glasgow, which currently plays in the Scottish Premier League. Rangers Football Club are an Association football team based in Glasgow Scotland, who currently play in the Scottish Premier League. Rangers has traditionally drawn its support from the city's Protestant community, while the Roman Catholic population has traditionally supported Celtic. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. ^[63]

Glasgow Central Mosque in the Gorbals district is the largest mosque in Scotland and, along with twelve other mosques in the city, caters for the city's estimated 33,000 Muslim population. Imams There are currently three Imams Maulana Abdul-Ghafoor Maulana Habib-ur-Rahman The Gorbals ( Gort a' Bhaile in Gaelic) is a area on the south bank of the River Clyde in the city of Glasgow A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion ^[64] Glasgow also has a Hindu Mandir, and a planning permission for a new Sikh Temple was submitted in June 2007. A Hindu temple or Mandir ( Sanskrit: मंदिर is a house of worship for Hindus followers of Hinduism. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. This new Temple will complement the existing four Sikh Temples (Gurdwaras) in Glasgow with two in the West End (Central Gurdwara Singh Sabha in Finnieston and Guru Nanak Sikh Temple in Kelvinbridge) and two in the Southside area of Pollokshields (Guru Granth Sahib Gurdwara and Sri Guru Tegh Bahadur Gurdwara). Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. Finnieston is a District in the Western fringe of the city centre of Glasgow, Scotland, situated on the North bank of the River Clyde. Kelvinbridge ( Drochaid Chealbhainn in Gaelic is a district in the West End of the city of Glasgow, Scotland. Pollokshields is an area of the Southside of Glasgow, Scotland. There are approximately 10,000 Sikhs in Scotland with the vast majority in Glasgow. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. ^[65]

Glasgow has seven synagogues with the seventh largest Jewish population in the United Kingdom after London, Manchester, Leeds, Gateshead, Brighton and Bournemouth, but once had a Jewish population second only to London, estimated at 20,000 in the Gorbals alone. A synagogue (from Greek: grc συναγωγή transliterated synagogē, "assembly" he בית כנסת beit knesset, "house of PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Leeds ( is located on the River Aire in West Yorkshire, England Gateshead is a town in Tyne and Wear, England. It lies on the southern bank of the River Tyne, opposite Newcastle upon Tyne. Brighton ( is a town on the south coast of England and with its neighbour Hove, forms the city of Brighton and Hove. Bournemouth ( is a large coastal resort town in the Borough of Bournemouth in Dorset, England. The Gorbals ( Gort a' Bhaile in Gaelic) is a area on the south bank of the River Clyde in the city of Glasgow ^[66]

In 1993, the St Mungo Museum of Religious Life and Art opened in Glasgow. The St Mungo Museum of Religious Life and Art is a museum of Religion in Glasgow, Scotland. It is believed to be the only public museum to examine all the world's major religious faiths. A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos ^[67][68]

Dialect

See also: Glasgow Patter

Glaswegian, otherwise known as The Glasgow Patter is a local, anglicised variety of Scots. Glasgow Patter or Glaswegian is a Dialect spoken in and around Glasgow, Scotland. Glasgow Patter or Glaswegian is a Dialect spoken in and around Glasgow, Scotland. Scots ( The Scots leid) refers to Anglic varieties derived from early northern Middle English spoken in parts of Scotland and Northern

Glaswegian is a dialect, more than an alternative pronunciation; words also change their meaning as all over in Scotland, e. g. "away" can mean "leaving" as in A'm away, an instruction to stop being a nuisance as in away wi ye, or "drunk" or "demented" as in he's away wi it. Pieces refers to "sandwiches". Ginger is a term for the Glasgow based carbonated soft drink "Irn Bru" or any other carbonated soft drink (A bottle o ginger IPA: [ə ˈboʔl ə ˈdʒɪndʒər]). Irn-Bru (pronounced iron brew ˈaɪɚn ˈbruː is a popular carbonated Soft drink produced in Scotland. Then there are words whose meaning has no obvious relationship to that in standard English: coupon means "face", via "to punch a ticket coupon". A headbutt is known in many parts of Britain as a "Glasgow kiss". A headbutt is a strike with the head typically involving the use of robust parts of the Cranium as areas of impact

A speaker of Glaswegian might refer to those originating from the Scottish Highlands and the Western Isles as teuchters, while they would reciprocate by referring to Glaswegians as keelies and those from the East of Scotland refer to Glaswegians as Weegies (or Weedgies). The Scottish Highlands ( Scottish Gaelic: A' Ghàidhealtachd, Scots: Hielans) include the rugged and Mountainous The Outer Hebrides, ( officially known for local government purposes by the Gaelic name Na h-Eileanan Siar) comprise an island Teuchter (pronounced chew-ch-ter or chu-ch-ter with the middle 'ch' sounding as the Scottish word lo ch) is a Lowland Scots word used mainly for Northern Weedgie or Weegie is a name used by some to refer to people from Glasgow in Scotland.

The long-running TV drama Taggart and the comedies; Empty, Chewin' the Fat, Rab C. Nesbitt and Still Game capture the essence of the Glaswegian patois, while Craig Ferguson and Billy Connolly have made Glaswegian humour known to the rest of the world. Taggart is a long-running Scottish detective Television programme created by Glenn Chandler (who has written many of the episodes Empty is a six-episode BBC Two sitcom first broadcast on 28 February 2008 Chewin' the Fat is a Scottish Comedy Sketch show, starring Ford Kiernan, Greg Hemphill and Karen Dunbar. Rab C Nesbitt is a Scottish Sitcom that originally ran from 1988 to 1999. Still Game is a Scottish Sitcom, produced by The Comedy Unit with the BBC. Patois is any language that is considered nonstandard, although the term is not formally defined in Linguistics. Craig Ferguson (born May 17, 1962) is a Scottish - American Television host, Stand-up comedian, Writer, and Billy Connolly, CBE (born William Connolly Jr on 24 November, 1942) is a Scottish

Education

See also: University of Glasgow, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow Caledonian University, and University of Paisley

Glasgow is also a major education centre with four universities within 10 miles (16 km) of the city centre:

• University of Glasgow
• University of Strathclyde
• Glasgow Caledonian University
• University of the West of Scotland

There are also teacher training colleges, teaching hospitals such as the Glasgow Royal Infirmary, the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama, Glasgow School of Art, and ten other further education colleges. The University of Glasgow (Oilthigh Ghlaschu was founded in 1451 in Glasgow, Scotland and along with its contemporary institutions the University of St Andrews The University of Strathclyde (Oilthigh Srath Chluaidh is a university in Glasgow, Scotland. Glasgow Caledonian University, ( Gaelic: Oilthigh Ghlaschu Caledonach) ( Scots: Glesga Caledonian Varsitie) is a University in The University of the West of Scotland ( Scottish Gaelic: Oilthigh na h-Alba an Iar traces its roots to the late 19th century Paisley, Scotland. The Glasgow Royal Infirmary (GRI is a large teaching hospital, operated since 1947 by NHS Scotland, situated on the north-eastern edge of the city centre of The Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama ( RSAMD) is a Conservatoire of Music, Drama and Dance in the centre of Glasgow Glasgow School of Art is one of four independent art schools in Scotland, situated in the Garnethill area of Glasgow.

Glasgow is home to a student population in excess of 168,000, the largest in Scotland and second largest in the United Kingdom, with the majority of those, living away from home, being found in Shawlands, Dennistoun and the West End of the city^[69]. Shawlands is an inner suburb of Glasgow in Scotland Like many similar areas in the city it grew up as a direct response to improved tram links to the city centre and the need for working/middle Dennistoun is a district of the city of Glasgow, Scotland. It is situated north of the River Clyde in the east end of the city

Scotland's sole Gaelic-only medium secondary school is located in Glasgow. Scottish Gaelic ( Gàidhlig) is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages. This combined with a strong Gaelic medium primary school presence enables parents to educate their children entirely through the medium of Gaelic.

Sport

See also: Sport in Glasgow

Football

The world's first international football match was held in 1872 at the West of Scotland Cricket Club's Hamilton Crescent ground in the Partick area of the city. Glasgow, Scotland has a long sporting history with the world's first international football match held in 1872 at the West of Scotland Cricket Club 's Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The West of Scotland Cricket Club is a large Cricket club based in Glasgow, Scotland. Hamilton Crescent is a Cricket ground located in the Partick area of Glasgow, Scotland. Partick ( Partaig in Gaelic) (formerly Perdyc or Perthick) is an area of Glasgow on the north bank of the River Clyde The match, between Scotland and England finished 0–0. The Scotland national football team represents Scotland in international football and is controlled by the Scottish Football Association. The English national football team represents England in international football and is controlled by The Football Association, the governing body for football

Glasgow is one of only three cities (along with Liverpool in 1985 and Madrid in 1986) to have had two football teams in European finals in the same season: in 1967 Celtic F.C. competed in the European Cup final defeating Inter Milan to become the first Scottish and British football club to win the trophy, with Rangers F.C. competing unsuccessfully in the now defunct Cup Winners' Cup final. Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. The Celtic Football Club is a Scottish football club based in the east end of Glasgow, which currently plays in the Scottish Premier League. Football Club Internazionale Milano, most commonly referred to as simply Internazionale, or Inter, is an Italian professional football club Rangers Football Club are an Association football team based in Glasgow Scotland, who currently play in the Scottish Premier League.

The city is home to Scotland's only two UEFA 5 star rated stadia which allows them to host UEFA Champions League or UEFA Cup finals Ibrox Stadium (51,082 seats) and Hampden Park (52,670 seats), meaning that they are eligible to host the final of the UEFA Champions' League. Ibrox Stadium, originally Ibrox Park, is the Stadium of Rangers F Hampden Park in Glasgow is Scotland 's National stadium. Its primary use is as the home to Queen's Park F See also List of European Cup and UEFA Champions League winners The UEFA Champions League, which evolved from the European Champion Clubs' Cup is a seasonal club Hampden Park has hosted the final on three occasions, most recently in 2002 and hosted the UEFA Cup Final in 2007. The UEFA Cup is a football competition for European club teams organised by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA.

Hampden Park, which is Scotland's national football stadium, holds the European record for attendance at a football match: 149,547^[70] saw Scotland beat England 3-1 in 1937, in the days before British stadia became all-seated. Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. All-seater stadium is the terminology applied to those sports stadia in which every spectator has a seat Celtic Park (60,832 seats) is also located in the east end of Glasgow. Celtic Park is a football Stadium in the Parkhead area of Glasgow in Scotland.

Glasgow has three professional football clubs: Celtic F.C. and Rangers F.C., together known by some as the Old Firm, and Partick Thistle F.C.. The Celtic Football Club is a Scottish football club based in the east end of Glasgow, which currently plays in the Scottish Premier League. Rangers Football Club are an Association football team based in Glasgow Scotland, who currently play in the Scottish Premier League. The term Old Firm refers to the rivalry between the Scottish football teams Celtic and Rangers, both based in Glasgow Partick Thistle Football Club are a Scottish professional football club from the city of Glasgow. A fourth club, Queen's Park F.C., is an amateur club that plays in the Scottish professional league system. Not to be confused with English football club Queens Park Rangers F Prior to this, Glasgow had five other professional clubs: Clyde FC, which moved to Cumbernauld, plus Third Lanark A.C., Cambuslang F.C, Cowlairs F.C. and Clydesdale F.C., who all went bankrupt. Clyde Football Club are a Scottish professional football team currently playing in the First Division of the Scottish Football League. Cumbernauld ( Gaelic: Comar nan Allt) is a New town in North Lanarkshire, Scotland. Third Lanark Athletic Club are an Association football club that originally existed from 1872 to 1967 based in Glasgow Scotland. Cambuslang Football Club was a former Scottish football team based in the Cambuslang region of Glasgow, which went into liquidation Cowlairs Football Club was a 19th century football club from Glasgow, Scotland. Clydesdale F C were a nineteenth-century Glasgow-based soccer club who were attached to Clydesdale Cricket Club during the 1870s There are a number of Scottish Junior Football Association clubs within the city as well, such as Pollok F.C., Maryhill F.C., Ashfield F.C. and Petershill F.C., as well as countless numbers of amateur teams. History Junior football as distinguished from senior football has existed since the early 1880s Pollok Football Club are a Scottish Football (soccer club based in Newlands in the southside of the city of Glasgow. Maryhill Football Club is a Football (soccer team based in the Maryhill area of Glasgow, Scotland. Ashfield Football Club are a Scottish Football (soccer club from Possilpark in the North of Glasgow. Petershill Football Club are a Scottish football club from Springburn in the North of Glasgow.

The history of football in the city, as well as the status of the Old Firm, attracts many visitors to football matches in the city throughout the season. The term Old Firm refers to the rivalry between the Scottish football teams Celtic and Rangers, both based in Glasgow The Scottish Football Association, the national governing body, and the Scottish Football Museum are based in Glasgow, as are the Scottish Football League, Scottish Premier League, Scottish Junior Football Association and Scottish Amateur Football Association. The Scottish Football Association (also known as the SFA and The Scottish FA or the "worst league in the world" is the governing body of The Scottish Football Museum is the Scottish Football Association 's National Museum of football, located in Hampden Park in Glasgow Founding members The Scottish League's first season of competition was in 1890-91. The Scottish Premier League, currently known as the Clydesdale Bank Premier League for sponsorship reasons and often known as the Premier League or SPL History Junior football as distinguished from senior football has existed since the early 1880s Scottish Amateur Cup The Scottish Amateur Cup is a nationwide knockout tournament supported and organised by the Scottish Amateur Football Association The Glasgow Cup was a once popular tournament, were all professional teams from the city would compete, however, now only Junior teams do. The Glasgow Cup was a knockout football tournament open to teams from Glasgow Scotland.

Club	League	Venue	Capacity
Rangers F.C.	Scottish Premier League	Ibrox Stadium	51,082
Partick Thistle F.C.	Scottish Football League	Firhill Stadium	10,887
Queen's Park F.C.	Scottish Football League	Hampden Park	52,670
Celtic F.C.	Scottish Premier League	Celtic Park	60,832

Rugby

Glasgow has a professional rugby union club, the Glasgow Warriors, which plays in the Magners League alongside teams from Scotland, Ireland and Wales. Rangers Football Club are an Association football team based in Glasgow Scotland, who currently play in the Scottish Premier League. Ibrox Stadium, originally Ibrox Park, is the Stadium of Rangers F Partick Thistle Football Club are a Scottish professional football club from the city of Glasgow. Founding members The Scottish League's first season of competition was in 1890-91. Firhill Stadium is the home ground of the Scottish Association football club Partick Thistle F Not to be confused with English football club Queens Park Rangers F Hampden Park in Glasgow is Scotland 's National stadium. Its primary use is as the home to Queen's Park F The Celtic Football Club is a Scottish football club based in the east end of Glasgow, which currently plays in the Scottish Premier League. The Scottish Premier League, currently known as the Clydesdale Bank Premier League for sponsorship reasons and often known as the Premier League or SPL Celtic Park is a football Stadium in the Parkhead area of Glasgow in Scotland. Overview See also Playing rugby union A rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes (plus stoppage time with a short The Glasgow Warriors, formerly Glasgow Rugby, is one of two professional Rugby union teams in Scotland, Edinburgh being the other Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world

In the Scottish League, Glasgow Hawks was formed in 1997 by the merger of two of Glasgow's oldest clubs: Glasgow Academicals and Glasgow High Kelvinside (GHK). Glasgow Hawks are an amateur Rugby union team in Glasgow, Scotland. Despite the merger, the second division teams of Glasgow Academicals and Glasgow High Kelvinside re-entered the Scottish rugby league in 1998.

Other sports

Major international sporting arenas include the Kelvin Hall and Scotstoun Sports Centre. The Kelvin Hall in Glasgow, Scotland, is a mixed-use arts and sports venue that opened as an exhibition centre in 1927 Scotstoun is a historic district of Glasgow, Scotland, west of Glasgow City Centre In 2003 the National Academy for Badminton was completed in Scotstoun. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Badminton is a racquet sport played by either two opposing players (singles or two opposing pairs (doubles who take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court In 2003, Glasgow was also given the title of European Capital of Sport. ^[71]

The Braehead Arena is home to leading professional basketball team, the Scottish Rocks, who compete in the British Basketball League. The Braehead Arena is a 5300-seat multi-purpose Arena in Renfrewshire, Scotland. Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m The Scottish Rocks, officially the SAMG Verve Scottish Rocks by sponsorship is a Basketball team which plays in the British Basketball League. The arena was also host to the 2000 Ford World Curling Championships. The 2000 Ford World Curling Championships was held at the Braehead Arena in Glasgow, Scotland from April 1 to April 9.

Glasgow is also host to many cricket clubs including Clydesdale Cricket Club who have been title winners for the Scottish Cup many times. Cricket is a bat-and-ball team Sport that originated in England and is now played in more than 100 countries Clydesdale Cricket Club is a sporting club situated at Titwood on the periphery of Pollokshields in the South of Glasgow. This club also hosted the friendly One Day International match for India and Pakistan in 2007, but due to bad weather was called off. Note Most of the information here pertains to men's cricket ODI matches are also played in Women's cricket. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and

Smaller sporting facilities include an abundance of outdoor playing fields, as well as golf clubs such as Hagg's Castle and artificial ski slopes. A playing field is a field used for playing sports or games They are generally outdoors but many large structures exist to enclose playing fields from bad weather Between 1998 and 2004, the Scottish Claymores American football team played some or all of their home games each season at Hampden Park and the venue also hosted World Bowl XI. The Scottish Claymores ( Scotland in Box scores were an American football team from Scotland. American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with The World Bowl was the American football Championship game of NFL Europa, similar to the Super Bowl of the National Football League.

Motorcycle speedway racing was first introduced to Glasgow in 1928 and is currently staged at Saracen Park in the North of the city. Motorcycle speedway, usually referred to as speedway, is a Motorcycle sport involving four and sometimes up to six riders competing over four anti-clockwise

See also: Glasgow Tigers (speedway)

Befitting its strong Highland connections as the City of the Gael Baile Mòr nan Gàidheal, Glasgow is also one of five places in Scotland which hosts the final of the Scottish Cup of Shinty, better known as the Camanachd Cup. The Glasgow Tigers are a Motorcycle speedway team from Glasgow, Scotland. Shinty (derived from the Scottish Gaelic sinteag although it is referred to as camanachd or iomain in modern Gaelic is a Team sport The Camanachd Association Challenge Cup or the Camanachd Cup or Scottish Cup as it is known is the premier prize in the Sport of Shinty. This is usually held at Old Anniesland. Once home to numerous Shinty clubs, there is now only one senior club in Glasgow, Glasgow Mid-Argyll, as well as two university sides from Strathclyde University and Glasgow University. The University of Strathclyde (Oilthigh Srath Chluaidh is a university in Glasgow, Scotland. The University of Glasgow (Oilthigh Ghlaschu was founded in 1451 in Glasgow, Scotland and along with its contemporary institutions the University of St Andrews

2014 Commonwealth Games

See also: 2014 Commonwealth Games

On 9 November 2007, Glasgow was selected as the host city of the 2014 Commonwealth Games. The 20th Commonwealth Games in 2014 will be held in Glasgow, the largest city in Scotland. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 2014 ( MMXIV) will be a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The Commonwealth Games is a multinational Multi-sport event. Held every four years it involves the elite athletes of the Commonwealth of Nations. It will be based around a number of existing and newly constructed sporting venues across the city, including a refurbished Hampden Park, Kelvingrove Park, the Kelvin Hall, and the planned Scottish National Arena at the SECC. Hampden Park in Glasgow is Scotland 's National stadium. Its primary use is as the home to Queen's Park F Kelvingrove Park, overlooked by the University of Glasgow on one side and the Park District on the other is one of the finest parks in the city of Glasgow The Kelvin Hall in Glasgow, Scotland, is a mixed-use arts and sports venue that opened as an exhibition centre in 1927 Scotland's National Arena, also known as the National Entertainments Arena, is a planned indoor arena in Glasgow, Scotland. The Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre ( SECC) located on the north bank of the River Clyde in Glasgow, is Scotland's national venue Plans have already been drawn up for a Commonwealth Games campus in the East End of the city, which will include a new indoor arena, velodrome and accommodation facilities in Dalmarnock and Parkhead, with an upgraded Aquatics Centre at nearby Tollcross Park. A velodrome is an arena for Track cycling. Modern velodromes feature steeply banked oval tracks consisting of two 180-degree circular bends connected by two straights Dalmarnock (Dail Mheàrnaig is a District in the Scottish city of Glasgow. Parkhead is a neighbourhood in Glasgow. Its name comes from a small Weaving hamlet at the meeting place of the Great Eastern Road (now the Gallowgate and Tollcross is an area north of the River Clyde in Glasgow and has a popular park which is famed for its international rose trials It is the third time the Games have been held in Scotland. ^[72]

Transport

See also: Transport in Glasgow

Public transport

Glasgow has a large urban transport system, mostly managed by the Strathclyde Partnership for Transport (SPT). Glasgow Central is the larger of the two present main-line Railway terminals in Glasgow, Scotland, and is managed by Network Rail. The West Coast Main Line (WCML is a busy mixed-traffic railway route in the United Kingdom. The city of Glasgow, Scotland has a Transport system encompassing air rail road and an underground rail circuit The Strathclyde Partnership for Transport (SPT is a public body which is responsible for planning and co-ordinating regional transport and especially the Public transport

The city has many bus services; since bus deregulation almost all are provided by private operators though SPT part-funds some services.

Glasgow has the most extensive urban rail network in the UK outside of London with rail services travelling to a large part of the West of Scotland. Various terms are used for Passenger rail lines and equipment Strathclyde ( Srath Chluaidh in Gaelic, meaning "valley of the River Clyde" is a Historic subdivision of Scotland, and was one of the regional All trains running within Scotland, including the local Glasgow trains, are operated by First ScotRail, who own the franchise as determined by the Scottish Government. First ScotRail is the Brand under which FirstGroup runs its Railway franchise to operate all domestic Passenger services within The Scottish Government (SG ( Scottish Gaelic: Riaghaltas na h-Alba) is the executive arm of the government of Scotland. Central Station and Queen Street Station are the two main railway terminals. Glasgow Central is the larger of the two present main-line Railway terminals in Glasgow, Scotland, and is managed by Network Rail. Glasgow Queen Street ( Glaschu Sràid na Banrighinn in Gaelic) is a Railway station in Glasgow, Scotland, and is one of the city's Glasgow Central is the terminus of the 401 mile long West Coast Main Line from London Euston. The West Coast Main Line (WCML is a busy mixed-traffic railway route in the United Kingdom. Euston station (official name London Euston) is a major Railway station to the north of central London in the London Borough of Camden All services to and from England use this station. Glasgow Central is also the terminus for suburban services on the south side of Glasgow, Ayrshire and Inverclyde, as well as being served by the cross city link from Dalmuir to Motherwell. Most other services within Scotland - the main line to Edinburgh, plus services to Aberdeen, Dundee, Inverness and the Western Highlands - operate from Queen Street station.

The city's suburban network is currently divided by the River Clyde, and an initiative has been proposed to link them; it is currently awaiting funding from the Scottish Government. Crossrail Glasgow (formerly known as Glasgow Crossrail is a proposed Railway development in Central Scotland. The city is linked to Edinburgh by three direct railway links; a further one, the Airdrie-Bathgate Rail Link, is proposed for completion in 2010. Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. The Airdrie-Bathgate Rail Link is a proposed Railway development in Central Scotland. For the film see 2010 The Year We Make Contact. For the book see 2010 Odyssey Two. In addition to the suburban rail network, SPT operates the Glasgow Subway. The Glasgow Subway is an underground metro line in Glasgow, Scotland. The Subway is the United Kingdom's only completely underground metro system, and is generally recognised as the world's third underground railway after London and Budapest. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Budapest ( also /ˈbʊ-/) is the capital city of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary it serves as the country's principal Political, ^[73] Both rail and subway stations have a number of park and ride facilities. Park and ride (or incentive parking) facilities are Public transport stations that allow commuters and other people wishing to travel into

As part of the wider regeneration along the banks of the River Clyde, a Pre-Tram System, using dedicated bus lanes, called Clyde Fastlink is currently planned. The River Clyde ( Gaelic: Abhainn Chluaidh, avɪɲˈxɫ̪uəj is a major River in Scotland. Clyde FastLink is a proposed high frequency dedicated bus link in Glasgow, United Kingdom.

Shipping

Ferries used to link opposite sides of the Clyde in Glasgow but they have been rendered near-obsolete, by bridges and tunnels including the Erskine Bridge, Kingston Bridge, and the Clyde Tunnel. The Erskine Bridge is a cable-stayed Box girder bridge spanning the River Clyde in west central Scotland, connecting West Dunbartonshire The Kingston Bridge is a ten lane road bridge crossing the River Clyde in Glasgow, Scotland. The Clyde Tunnel is a crossing beneath the River Clyde in Glasgow, Scotland. The only remaining crossings are the Renfrew Ferry between Renfrew and Yoker, and the Kilcreggan Ferry in Inverclyde, both run by SPT but outwith the city boundary. The Renfrew Ferry is a ferry service in Scotland linking the North and South banks of the River Clyde between the area of Yoker in Glasgow and the town Renfrew ( Rinn Friù in Scottish Gaelic) is a town located west of Glasgow on the west coast of Scotland. Yoker ( An t-Iochdar in Gaelic is a western district of Glasgow, lying on the northern bank of the Clyde to the east of Clydebank. Inverclyde ( Gaelic: Inbhir Chluaidh, iɲɪɾʲˈxɫ̪uəj is one of 32 council areas of Scotland. The PS Waverley, the world's last operational sea-going paddle-steamer,^[74] provides services from Glasgow City Centre, mainly catering to the pleasure cruise market. History The Waverley was built in 1946 as a replacement for an earlier PS Waverley of 1899 that took part in the WW II war effort as a minesweeper A paddle steamer is a ship or boat driven by a Steam engine that uses one or more Paddle wheels to develop thrust for propulsion. A regular waterbus service links the City Centre with Braehead in Renfrewshire, some 30 minutes downstream. A water taxi or water bus is a Boat used to provide Public transport, usually but not always in an urban environment Braehead is a regeneration project in Renfrewshire, Scotland, part of the wider Clyde Waterfront Regeneration. Renfrewshire ( Siorrachd Rinn Friù in Scottish Gaelic) is one of 32 Council areas of Scotland. A service by Loch Lomond Seaplanes, connecting the city with destinations in Argyll and Bute started in 2007. Loch Lomond Seaplanes is an Airline based in Scotland. After receiving approval from the United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority and Clydeport This article is about the council area For the constituencies see either Argyll and Bute (UK Parliament constituency or Argyll and Bute (Scottish Parliament constituency Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[75] The only operational dock left in Glasgow operated by Clydeport is the King George V Dock, near Braehead. The Peel Group is a collection of property and transport companies based in Manchester, England. For the dock of the same name in London England see King George V Dock King George V Dock is a dock for ocean-going vessels located near Most other facilities, such as Hunterston Ore Terminal are located in the deep waters of the Firth of Clyde, which together handle some 7. Hunterston Terminal, in North Ayrshire, Scotland is a coal-handling port located at Hunterston on the Firth The Firth of Clyde forms a large area of coastal water sheltered from the Atlantic ocean by the Kintyre peninsula which encloses the outer Firth in 5 million tonnes of cargo each year.

Roads

The city is the focus of Scotland's trunk road network and has many road connections to other cities. A trunk road, trunk highway, or strategic road is a major Road &mdashusually connecting two or more cities, Ports Airports The main M8 motorway passes through the city centre, and connects to the M77, M73, and M80 motorways. The M77 motorway is a Motorway in Scotland. It originally began in southern Glasgow at the M8 motorway at Kinning park, and terminates The M73 is a Motorway in North Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is 7 Miles (11 The M80 is a Motorway in central Scotland, running through Glasgow, North Lanarkshire, Falkirk and Stirling and links The A82 connects the city to Argyll and the western Highlands. Route The A82 begins in the St Georges Cross area of central Glasgow at junctions with the M8 and the A804 ( before threading through the city's West This article is about the council area For the constituencies see either Argyll and Bute (UK Parliament constituency or Argyll and Bute (Scottish Parliament constituency The Scottish Highlands ( Scottish Gaelic: A' Ghàidhealtachd, Scots: Hielans) include the rugged and Mountainous The M74 runs directly south towards Carlisle; the highly controversial M74 completion scheme will extend the motorway from Tollcross into the Tradeston area to join the M8. The A74(M and M74 motorways are two major Motorways in Scotland running continuously from the southern outskirts of Glasgow to the English Border at Carlisle (pronounced CARLYLE(emphasis on the first syllable is a City in northern England the largest settlement in Cumbria. Tollcross may refer to Tollcross Glasgow Tollcross Edinburgh SpecialShortpages Tradeston is a District in the Scottish city of Glasgow. It is situated on the south bank of the River Clyde, approximately bounded by the A legal challenge to stop the extension was withdrawn in 2006, and the road is now scheduled for completion by 2010.

Other road proposals include the East End Regeneration Route, which aims to complete the Glasgow Inner Ring Road around the city and provide easier access to deprived areas of the East End. The Glasgow East End Regeneration Route is a proposed urban road in the East End of Glasgow, Scotland. The Glasgow Inner Ring Road was a proposed ring road encircling the city centre of Glasgow, Scotland.

Airports

The city is served by two international airports and a seaplane terminal: Glasgow International Airport (GLA) in Paisley, Renfrewshire (13 km/8 mi west of the city), Glasgow Prestwick International Airport (PIK) (46 km/29 mi to the south-west), and Glasgow Seaplane Terminal, by the Glasgow Science Centre on the River Clyde. Paisley (Pàislig is a town and former Burgh in the west- Central Lowlands of Scotland. Renfrewshire ( Siorrachd Rinn Friù in Scottish Gaelic) is one of 32 Council areas of Scotland. Glasgow Prestwick Airport (Port-adhair Ghlaschu Phreastabhaig is an International airport serving Glasgow, situated north of the town of Prestwick Glasgow Seaplane Terminal is a new Seaplane airport terminal in Glasgow, Scotland. There is also a small airfield at Cumbernauld (29 km/18 mi to the north-east). Cumbernauld Airport is located 16 Nautical miles (296 km northeast of Glasgow, Scotland. It is anticipated that by 2009, both principal airports will be served by a direct rail link from Glasgow Central railway station on completion of the Glasgow Airport Rail Link project at Glasgow International Airport. The Glasgow Airport Rail Link (GARL is a proposed rail link which will link Glasgow Central station to Glasgow International Airport.

Twinned cities

Glasgow is twinned with various cities, including:^[76]

Marseille, France[77] Montpellier, France Havana, Cuba Turin, Italy Bethlehem, Palestinian Territories[78] Nuremberg, Germany

Dalian, People's Republic of China Lahore, Pakistan[79] Rostov-on-Don, Russia

See also

References

External links

Glasgow travel guide from Wikitravel WikiMapia Satellite Photo of Glasgow Glasgow City Council Interactive Attractions Map of Central Glasgow

Glasgow Cathedral history Will Fyffe: Glasgow and the art of drinking - Ian Jack on a paean to drunkenness in the Glasgow of old Life in Glasgow's Southside Glasgow City Guide Glasgow Information TheGlasgowStory

• Map sources for Glasgow

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